Pub Date : 2025-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106221
Peng Zhang , Bing Wang , Peichao Hu , Hui Liu , Junjie Tian , Guomin Li , Rao Fu , Jian Zhang
This study examines the influence of tourmaline (TM) supplementation on nitrogen retention, microbial functionality, and lignocellulose degradation during composting. TM application significantly reduced ammonia emissions and promoted nitrate accumulation by upregulating key nitrification genes (amoA, nxrA) while suppressing denitrification genes (nirS, norB, nosZ). TM exhibited superior nitrogen retention, primarily attributable to its strong NH3 adsorption during the thermophilic phase of composting (qTM = 0.9–2.4 mg g−1 TM d−1). Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that TM restructured microbial interactions by suppressing denitrifiers and enriching nitrifiers. Moreover, TM enhanced the activity of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes)—including GH51, AA3, GH16, and AA7—thereby expediting the degradation of cellulose and lignin. This process elevated the levels of fermentable sugars and facilitated the biosynthesis of amino acids, including L-lysine and L-aspartate. Collectively, these findings indicate that TM enhances microbial metabolic efficiency, accelerates compost maturation, and conserves nitrogen, thereby offering a promising strategy for high-efficiency composting.
{"title":"Effects of tourmaline additive on carbon and nitrogen metabolism dynamics during sludge composting","authors":"Peng Zhang , Bing Wang , Peichao Hu , Hui Liu , Junjie Tian , Guomin Li , Rao Fu , Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the influence of tourmaline (TM) supplementation on nitrogen retention, microbial functionality, and lignocellulose degradation during composting. TM application significantly reduced ammonia emissions and promoted nitrate accumulation by upregulating key nitrification genes (<em>amoA</em>, <em>nxrA</em>) while suppressing denitrification genes (<em>nirS</em>, <em>norB</em>, <em>nosZ</em>). TM exhibited superior nitrogen retention, primarily attributable to its strong NH<sub>3</sub> adsorption during the thermophilic phase of composting (q<sub>TM</sub> = 0.9–2.4 mg g<sup>−1</sup> TM d<sup>−1</sup>). Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that TM restructured microbial interactions by suppressing denitrifiers and enriching nitrifiers. Moreover, TM enhanced the activity of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes)—including GH51, AA3, GH16, and AA7—thereby expediting the degradation of cellulose and lignin. This process elevated the levels of fermentable sugars and facilitated the biosynthesis of amino acids, including L-lysine and L-aspartate. Collectively, these findings indicate that TM enhances microbial metabolic efficiency, accelerates compost maturation, and conserves nitrogen, thereby offering a promising strategy for high-efficiency composting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106221"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106219
Diego Hernández-Ospina , Jean Viccari- Pereira , Carlos S. Osorio-González , Richard Martel , Satinder K. Brar
The increasing demand for petroleum hydrocarbons has led to rising levels of high-risk pollutants such as Benzene-Toluene-Ethylbenzene-Xylene (BTEX) in the environment, and widely recognized for their carcinogenic nature. This study evaluates the potential tolerance and the single and multi-compound degradation of BTEX compounds by a coculture of Serratia fonticola and Microbacterium esteraromaticum. Batch treatments were conducted in synthetic media, supplemented with 30 mg L−1 of benzene, xylene, toluene and ethylbenzene for a single compound degradation test and with 120 mg L−1 of BTEX compounds in a 1:1:1:1 ratio (equal weight-based contributions) for a multiple compound degradation test. Coculture showed a BTEX multicompound degradation of 47 %, which is 5 % and 2 % higher degradation than the one achieved by S. fonticola and M. esteraromaticum, respectively. Degradation for single-compound shows 99 % for benzene, 85 % for ethylbenzene, 72 % for toluene, and 62 % for xylene. These findings provide new insights into bacterial coculture interactions under mixed-contaminant stress, its biodegradation performance and provide a strong basis for developing tailored bioremediation strategies in both single-compound and multi-compound degradation of BTEX. Furthermore, the glucose consumption and BTEX tolerance could serve as potential indicators for monitoring of the progress and efficacy of BTEX remediation in contaminated environments.
{"title":"BTEX degradation by the coculture of S. fonticola and M. esteraromaticum","authors":"Diego Hernández-Ospina , Jean Viccari- Pereira , Carlos S. Osorio-González , Richard Martel , Satinder K. Brar","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for petroleum hydrocarbons has led to rising levels of high-risk pollutants such as Benzene-Toluene-Ethylbenzene-Xylene (BTEX) in the environment, and widely recognized for their carcinogenic nature. This study evaluates the potential tolerance and the single and multi-compound degradation of BTEX compounds by a coculture of <em>Serratia fonticola</em> and <em>Microbacterium esteraromaticum</em>. Batch treatments were conducted in synthetic media, supplemented with 30 mg L<sup>−1</sup> of benzene, xylene, toluene and ethylbenzene for a single compound degradation test and with 120 mg L<sup>−1</sup> of BTEX compounds in a 1:1:1:1 ratio (equal weight-based contributions) for a multiple compound degradation test. Coculture showed a BTEX multicompound degradation of 47 %, which is 5 % and 2 % higher degradation than the one achieved by <em>S. fonticola</em> and <em>M. esteraromaticum</em>, respectively. Degradation for single-compound shows 99 % for benzene, 85 % for ethylbenzene, 72 % for toluene, and 62 % for xylene. These findings provide new insights into bacterial coculture interactions under mixed-contaminant stress<u>,</u> its biodegradation performance and provide a strong basis for developing tailored bioremediation strategies in both single-compound and multi-compound degradation of BTEX. Furthermore, the glucose consumption and BTEX tolerance could serve as potential indicators for monitoring of the progress and efficacy of BTEX remediation in contaminated environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106220
Ayesha Alam , Shafeeq Rahman , Labeeb Ali , Mohammednoor Altarawneh
Microplastics are notorious class of environmental pollutants that are added to the environment by the slow degradation of plastic infrastructure commonly used everywhere. Microplastics are small particles that tend to flow through the xylem vessels of plant roots and bioaccumulate in the plant tissues. Saline sandy soil in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is colonized by beneficial bacterial strains that exhibit plastic degradation properties. This area is of great interest for new insights; however, very little is known about microplastic-degrading microorganisms, particularly in the Middle Eastern region of the world. To fill this gap, bacterial strains isolated from hypersaline soil offer a promising and sustainable approach to mitigate microplastic pollution in the form of granular biofertilizer and liquid cell suspension in soil and soilless crop production systems. The following study entails the relative potential of Bacillus subtilis and Halomonas meridiana, identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), to mineralize plastics by forming biofilms. The study indicated the plastic biodegradation efficiency of the bacterial strains ranged from as low as 6.42 ± 5.73 % and as high as 16.95 ± 3.37 % in liquid and solid culture media, with an average of 10 % loss of polymer weight. The bacterial strains exhibited a strong ability of biofilms (optical density ≥0.3–0.5) and enzymatic activity (enzymatic units ≥0.006–0.01), confirmed by optical density spectrophotometric absorbances. Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-S) revealed the formation of minerals, oxidation, increased O/C ratios, and significant variation in the surface anatomy of plastic particles co-cultured with bacteria. The complete absence of the C-Cl peak as a result of FTIR and the highest O/C of (0.600) as a result of SEM-EDS suggested the high degradation efficiency of B. subtilis as compared to H. meridiana. These outcomes confirm the incidence of plastic degradation efficiency and biofilm formation ability of B. subtilis and H. meridiana in both the solid and liquid matrix, signifying their dual application as granular biofertilizer as well as cell suspension to minimize the traces of plastic particles in the agricultural production systems purifying the tropic level of the food chain.
{"title":"Bacillus subtilis and Halomonas meridiana isolated from saline sandy soils mediate the biodegradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics","authors":"Ayesha Alam , Shafeeq Rahman , Labeeb Ali , Mohammednoor Altarawneh","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics are notorious class of environmental pollutants that are added to the environment by the slow degradation of plastic infrastructure commonly used everywhere. Microplastics are small particles that tend to flow through the xylem vessels of plant roots and bioaccumulate in the plant tissues. Saline sandy soil in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is colonized by beneficial bacterial strains that exhibit plastic degradation properties. This area is of great interest for new insights; however, very little is known about microplastic-degrading microorganisms, particularly in the Middle Eastern region of the world. To fill this gap, bacterial strains isolated from hypersaline soil offer a promising and sustainable approach to mitigate microplastic pollution in the form of granular biofertilizer and liquid cell suspension in soil and soilless crop production systems. The following study entails the relative potential of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> and <em>Halomonas meridiana,</em> identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), to mineralize plastics by forming biofilms. The study indicated the plastic biodegradation efficiency of the bacterial strains ranged from as low as 6.42 ± 5.73 % and as high as 16.95 ± 3.37 % in liquid and solid culture media, with an average of 10 % loss of polymer weight. The bacterial strains exhibited a strong ability of biofilms (optical density ≥0.3–0.5) and enzymatic activity (enzymatic units ≥0.006–0.01), confirmed by optical density spectrophotometric absorbances. Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-S) revealed the formation of minerals, oxidation, increased O/C ratios, and significant variation in the surface anatomy of plastic particles co-cultured with bacteria. The complete absence of the C-Cl peak as a result of FTIR and the highest O/C of (0.600) as a result of SEM-EDS suggested the high degradation efficiency of <em>B. subtilis</em> as compared to <em>H. meridiana.</em> These outcomes confirm the incidence of plastic degradation efficiency and biofilm formation ability of <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>H. meridiana</em> in both the solid and liquid matrix, signifying their dual application as granular biofertilizer as well as cell suspension to minimize the traces of plastic particles in the agricultural production systems purifying the tropic level of the food chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106220"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106218
Shuang Deng , Jiabin Wang , Wei Song , Lijuan Zhang , Di Cao , Liyang Li
Shale oil sludge, as a petroleum hydrocarbon pollutant, poses a serious threat to the environment. This study is the first to focus on the degradation of shale oil sludge from the Daqing Gulong Oilfield, aiming to establish an environmentally friendly, low-cost, and highly effective bioremediation method. This approach aims to reduce the cost of treating oil sludge, increase corporate profits, and achieve the goal of coordinated economic and environmental development. The experiment successfully constructed a composite bacterial consortium containing Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas qingdaonensis. Under laboratory conditions, the degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbons reached 91.47 %. The composite bacterial consortium can rapidly proliferate in shale oil sludge and become the dominant bacterial population, maintaining a stable microbial community structure in complex environments. In practical applications, it shows excellent degradation effects on shale oil sludge. The degradation rate of the composite bacterial strain can reach up to 59.9 % in practical applications. This research not only provides a new technical approach and bacterial resources for the remediation of shale oil sludge in the Daqing Gulong Oilfield but also holds significant theoretical and practical significance.
{"title":"Research on the construction of degradation bacterial communities for Daqing Gulong Oilfield and their application effects","authors":"Shuang Deng , Jiabin Wang , Wei Song , Lijuan Zhang , Di Cao , Liyang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shale oil sludge, as a petroleum hydrocarbon pollutant, poses a serious threat to the environment. This study is the first to focus on the degradation of shale oil sludge from the Daqing Gulong Oilfield, aiming to establish an environmentally friendly, low-cost, and highly effective bioremediation method. This approach aims to reduce the cost of treating oil sludge, increase corporate profits, and achieve the goal of coordinated economic and environmental development. The experiment successfully constructed a composite bacterial consortium containing <em>Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Bacillus cereus</em>, and <em>Pseudomonas qingdaonensis</em>. Under laboratory conditions, the degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbons reached 91.47 %. The composite bacterial consortium can rapidly proliferate in shale oil sludge and become the dominant bacterial population, maintaining a stable microbial community structure in complex environments. In practical applications, it shows excellent degradation effects on shale oil sludge. The degradation rate of the composite bacterial strain can reach up to 59.9 % in practical applications. This research not only provides a new technical approach and bacterial resources for the remediation of shale oil sludge in the Daqing Gulong Oilfield but also holds significant theoretical and practical significance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106218"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106217
Katarzyna Wojtowicz , Teresa Steliga , Joanna Brzeszcz , Janusz Fyda , Tomasz Skalski , Piotr Kapusta
The research was aimed at determining the efficiency of phytoremediation supported by bioaugmentation using a microbial consortium based on autochthonous bacteria and wild plants naturally growing in an area of natural petroleum seeps (Scirpus sylvaticus and Cirsium oleraceum),transplanted for the cleanup of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. A six-month phytoremediation process resulted in a decrease in concentrations: TPH—from 4320 to 455–261 mg/kg dry mass, and PAHs—from 7.19 to 1.47–1.76 mg kg−1 dry mass. The greatest reductions were observed for n-C10–n-C21 (91.9–99.8 %) and naphthalene (85.3–87.4 %), and the lowest for n-C30–n-C36 (62.0–87.3 %) and 4–6-ring PAHs (44.0–76.3 %). Intense growth of roots and shoots was found in plants from bioaugmented soils. Toxicological studies performed using biotests with varying sensitivity (Ostracodtoxkit < Microtox < MARA) and phytotoxicity test (Phytotoxkit) indicated a decrease in toxicity levels after phytoremediation supported by bioaugmentation, which correlated with the drop in TPH and PAHs contents in the treated soil. The study also evaluated the structure of the microbial community in the remediated soil. The presence of bacteria in the rhizosphere accelerated the degradation of contaminants and increased plant tolerance to adverse environmental conditions. Additionally, changes in the community of soil ciliates were assessed, showingthat functional group responses, rather than species richness alone, may serve as sensitive indicators of soil recovery and ecological stability.This study highlights the novelty and ecological relevance of combining wild-adapted plants and microbial consortia for sustainable remediation, while also demonstrating the potential of ciliates as sensitive bioindicators of soil recovery.
{"title":"Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons using the wild plants Scirpus sylvaticus and Cirsium oleraceum, supported by bioaugmentation","authors":"Katarzyna Wojtowicz , Teresa Steliga , Joanna Brzeszcz , Janusz Fyda , Tomasz Skalski , Piotr Kapusta","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The research was aimed at determining the efficiency of phytoremediation supported by bioaugmentation using a microbial consortium based on autochthonous bacteria and wild plants naturally growing in an area of natural petroleum seeps (<em>Scirpus sylvaticus and Cirsium oleraceum),</em>transplanted for the cleanup of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. A six-month phytoremediation process resulted in a decrease in concentrations: TPH—from 4320 to 455–261 mg/kg dry mass, and PAHs—from 7.19 to 1.47–1.76 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> dry mass. The greatest reductions were observed for n-C<sub>10</sub>–n-C<sub>21</sub> (91.9–99.8 %) and naphthalene (85.3–87.4 %), and the lowest for n-C<sub>30</sub>–n-C<sub>36</sub> (62.0–87.3 %) and 4–6-ring PAHs (44.0–76.3 %). Intense growth of roots and shoots was found in plants from bioaugmented soils. Toxicological studies performed using biotests with varying sensitivity (Ostracodtoxkit < Microtox < MARA) and phytotoxicity test (Phytotoxkit) indicated a decrease in toxicity levels after phytoremediation supported by bioaugmentation, which correlated with the drop in TPH and PAHs contents in the treated soil. The study also evaluated the structure of the microbial community in the remediated soil. The presence of bacteria in the rhizosphere accelerated the degradation of contaminants and increased plant tolerance to adverse environmental conditions. Additionally, changes in the community of soil ciliates were assessed, showingthat functional group responses, rather than species richness alone, may serve as sensitive indicators of soil recovery and ecological stability.This study highlights the novelty and ecological relevance of combining wild-adapted plants and microbial consortia for sustainable remediation, while also demonstrating the potential of ciliates as sensitive bioindicators of soil recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106217"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106216
Siyao Hou, Han Wang, Jiameng Sun, Jing Liu, Manxu Bai, Wanli Zhang, Wanli Xing, Rundong Li
This study investigated effects of hydrothermal temperature and time on hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge (SS) in terms of biochar properties, migration and transformation of heavy metals (HMs). The surface functional groups of biochar were greatly affected by hydrothermal temperature and the stretching vibration peak intensities of hydroxyl, carboxyl and aliphatic compound declined with the increased temperature. HMs concentrations in hydrothermal liquid were sorted in the order: Mn > Zn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cu and those in biochar were Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni. HMs concentrations in biochar were much higher than those in hydrothermal liquid, indicating the significant enrichment of HMs in biochar. The enhanced hydrothermal temperature further actuated HMs enrichment in biochar to higher concentrations, but prolonging reaction time only led to slight fluctuations. The bioavailability of HMs in biochar was sorted in the order: Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb and Cr. More HMs in biochar existed in residual and oxidizable fractions of low bioavailability, indicating HTC treatment reduced the ecological risk of HMs. The hydrothermal temperature was the key factor affecting migration and transformation of HMs. Driven by high hydrothermal temperature, Zn, Ni and Mn elements in biochar transformed from water soluble, acid soluble and reducible fractions to oxidizable or residual fraction. The bioavailability of Cu element in biochar first enhanced then declined with the increasing hydrothermal temperature, but Pb and Cr elements were not sensitive to reaction condition change.
研究了水热温度和时间对污泥水热炭化（HTC）的生物炭特性、重金属迁移和转化的影响。生物炭表面官能团受水热温度影响较大，羟基、羧基和脂肪族化合物的拉伸振动峰强度随温度升高而降低。水热液中HMs浓度排序为Mn >； Zn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cu；生物炭中HMs浓度排序为Mn >； Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni。生物炭中HMs的浓度远高于热液中，说明生物炭中HMs富集显著。水热温度的提高进一步促使生物炭中HMs的富集达到更高的浓度，但延长反应时间只会引起轻微的波动。生物炭中HMs的生物利用度排序为：Mn >； Zn > Ni > Cu >； Pb和Cr。生物炭中HMs较多存在于生物利用度较低的残余部分和可氧化部分，说明HTC处理降低了HMs的生态风险。热液温度是影响溶质迁移转化的关键因素。在高温水热作用下，生物炭中的锌、镍、锰元素由水溶性、酸溶性和可还原组分转化为可氧化组分或残余组分。随着水热温度的升高，生物炭中Cu元素的生物利用度先升高后降低，而Pb和Cr元素对反应条件的变化不敏感。
{"title":"Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge: Effects of hydrothermal temperature and time on biochar properties and migration and transformation of heavy metals","authors":"Siyao Hou, Han Wang, Jiameng Sun, Jing Liu, Manxu Bai, Wanli Zhang, Wanli Xing, Rundong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated effects of hydrothermal temperature and time on hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge (SS) in terms of biochar properties, migration and transformation of heavy metals (HMs). The surface functional groups of biochar were greatly affected by hydrothermal temperature and the stretching vibration peak intensities of hydroxyl, carboxyl and aliphatic compound declined with the increased temperature. HMs concentrations in hydrothermal liquid were sorted in the order: Mn > Zn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cu and those in biochar were Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni. HMs concentrations in biochar were much higher than those in hydrothermal liquid, indicating the significant enrichment of HMs in biochar. The enhanced hydrothermal temperature further actuated HMs enrichment in biochar to higher concentrations, but prolonging reaction time only led to slight fluctuations. The bioavailability of HMs in biochar was sorted in the order: Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb and Cr. More HMs in biochar existed in residual and oxidizable fractions of low bioavailability, indicating HTC treatment reduced the ecological risk of HMs. The hydrothermal temperature was the key factor affecting migration and transformation of HMs. Driven by high hydrothermal temperature, Zn, Ni and Mn elements in biochar transformed from water soluble, acid soluble and reducible fractions to oxidizable or residual fraction. The bioavailability of Cu element in biochar first enhanced then declined with the increasing hydrothermal temperature, but Pb and Cr elements were not sensitive to reaction condition change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106216"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106207
Vidhyadevi Udayakumar, Brinda Lakshmi Anguraj
Roadblock in lignocellulose degradation via enzymatic hydrolysis is critical concern to be addressed to improve the biofuel circular economy. Sequential pretreatments followed by enzymatic hydrolysis leverages high sugar yields from lignocellulose biomass (LCB) through lignin removal and enhanced enzyme adsorption, outperforming single pretreatment methods. However, the biofuel sector continues the search for alternative greenness pretreatment techniques that combine versatile, cost effective, and environmental sustainability. This study introduces an innovative, eco-friendly synergistic pretreatment method utilising a deep eutectic solvent (DES) mixture of choline chloride, tannic acid, and glucose (ChCl: TA: Glu), together with optimized microwave irradiation (MWI) and ultrasonication, to enhance enzyme hydrolysis of groundnut shell (GNS) into fermentable sugars. Meanwhile, crucial parameters influencing ternary DES treatment - pH 6.2, temperature 65 °C, time 4.2 h and biomass loading 12 % - were predicted by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to enhance LCB hydrolysis before microwave and ultrasonic processing. MWI power and ultrasonic frequency were optimized via the One Variable At a Time (OVAT) approach, finding 300W and 50Hz as optimal for sequential treatment to minimize energy consumption and complexity. Under optimized configurations, this sequential DES-based treatment accomplished significant delignification and hemicellulose removal, resulting in the liberation of 92.89 % cellulose and improved enzymatic saccharification. RSM optimization shown substantial enhancements in sugar release, with cellulose and glucose yield escalating by 5.7 times and 17.22 times (248 mg), respectively from 1 % pretreated sample and yielded bioethanol 12.4g/100g of raw biomass. Structural transformations in GNS were validated by FTIR,XRD, SEM, TEM, DLS, EDAZ, and TGA studies.
{"title":"Optimized deep eutectic solvent cocktail assisted sequential pretreatment to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of Arachis hypogaea L biomass","authors":"Vidhyadevi Udayakumar, Brinda Lakshmi Anguraj","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Roadblock in lignocellulose degradation via enzymatic hydrolysis is critical concern to be addressed to improve the biofuel circular economy. Sequential pretreatments followed by enzymatic hydrolysis leverages high sugar yields from lignocellulose biomass (LCB) through lignin removal and enhanced enzyme adsorption, outperforming single pretreatment methods. However, the biofuel sector continues the search for alternative greenness pretreatment techniques that combine versatile, cost effective, and environmental sustainability. This study introduces an innovative, eco-friendly synergistic pretreatment method utilising a deep eutectic solvent (DES) mixture of choline chloride, tannic acid, and glucose (ChCl: TA: Glu), together with optimized microwave irradiation (MWI) and ultrasonication, to enhance enzyme hydrolysis of groundnut shell (GNS) into fermentable sugars. Meanwhile, crucial parameters influencing ternary DES treatment - pH 6.2, temperature 65 °C, time 4.2 h and biomass loading 12 % - were predicted by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to enhance LCB hydrolysis before microwave and ultrasonic processing. MWI power and ultrasonic frequency were optimized via the One Variable At a Time (OVAT) approach, finding 300W and 50Hz as optimal for sequential treatment to minimize energy consumption and complexity. Under optimized configurations, this sequential DES-based treatment accomplished significant delignification and hemicellulose removal, resulting in the liberation of 92.89 % cellulose and improved enzymatic saccharification. RSM optimization shown substantial enhancements in sugar release, with cellulose and glucose yield escalating by 5.7 times and 17.22 times (248 mg), respectively from 1 % pretreated sample and yielded bioethanol 12.4g/100g of raw biomass. Structural transformations in GNS were validated by FTIR,XRD, SEM, TEM, DLS, EDAZ, and TGA studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106214
Cátia Salvador , Patrícia Gatinho , M. Rosário Martins , A. Teresa Caldeira
Biodeterioration poses a significant threat to cultural heritage, calling for sustainable and safe mitigation strategies. Conventional chemical biocides often present issues such as high toxicity, low material compatibility, and microbial resistance. In this study, conducted under the ART3mis Project, we explored the biotechnological potential of killer toxin-producing yeasts as eco-friendly antimicrobial agents for heritage conservation. Yeast strains from genera Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, and Torulaspora were molecularly identified and tested against biodeteriogenic bacteria and fungi isolated from heritage materials. Lyophilized culture extracts showed selective, strain-dependent antimicrobial activity, particularly those from S. cerevisiae 1 and 5, K. lactis 9, and K. marxianus 13. Protein fractionation indicated that high molecular weight compounds (>30 kDa), likely killer toxins, were responsible for bioactivity. Most yeast extracts and fractions exhibited negligible toxicity in Artemia franciscana assays, even at 10 mg/mL, while commercial biocides caused 100% lethality at concentrations 160–380 times lower. These findings highlight the innovative application of killer yeasts in the field of heritage preservation, offering an effective, low-toxicity alternative to conventional biocides.
{"title":"Novel eco-friendly biocides: Biotechnological sustainable solutions for cultural heritage safeguard","authors":"Cátia Salvador , Patrícia Gatinho , M. Rosário Martins , A. Teresa Caldeira","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodeterioration poses a significant threat to cultural heritage, calling for sustainable and safe mitigation strategies. Conventional chemical biocides often present issues such as high toxicity, low material compatibility, and microbial resistance. In this study, conducted under the ART3mis Project, we explored the biotechnological potential of killer toxin-producing yeasts as eco-friendly antimicrobial agents for heritage conservation. Yeast strains from genera <em>Saccharomyces</em>, <em>Kluyveromyces</em>, and <em>Torulaspora</em> were molecularly identified and tested against biodeteriogenic bacteria and fungi isolated from heritage materials. Lyophilized culture extracts showed selective, strain-dependent antimicrobial activity, particularly those from <em>S. cerevisiae</em> 1 and 5, <em>K. lactis</em> 9, and <em>K. marxianus</em> 13. Protein fractionation indicated that high molecular weight compounds (>30 kDa), likely killer toxins, were responsible for bioactivity. Most yeast extracts and fractions exhibited negligible toxicity in <em>Artemia franciscana</em> assays, even at 10 mg/mL, while commercial biocides caused 100% lethality at concentrations 160–380 times lower. These findings highlight the innovative application of killer yeasts in the field of heritage preservation, offering an effective, low-toxicity alternative to conventional biocides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106214"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106215
Mauro Tretiach , Sofia Ceseri , Ornella Salvadori , Francesco Princivalle , Barbara Salvadori
The thallus–substrate relationship of Tephromela atra var. calcarea was investigated to determine whether the colonisation of carbonate-rich rock can be related to a “superficial decalcification” of the substrate, as claimed by some authors. Fragments of thalli still adhering to the substrate from the TSB herbarium were embedded in epoxy resin to obtain cross-sections, which were analysed by FPA-FTIR microspectroscopy in reflection mode to acquire chemical imaging data reflecting the spatial distribution of molecular components. The cross-sections were then stained with periodic acid-Schiff, and the percentage of hyphal spread was measured in selected areas of 2 mm2 at fixed distances along vertical transects from the thallus–substrate interface to the hyphal-free substrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed on additional fragments to detect any biomineralization products present. The hyphae of T. atra penetrated all calcareous substrates to a maximum depth of 0.8 mm, also piercing single calcite clasts. Hyphal spread varied greatly between substrates, with a minimum in compact limestone and a maximum in porous limestone. XRD analyses showed the presence of the biominerals whewellite and weddellite in varying amounts, and confirmed the presence of calcite in all samples, except in one occurring on Roman brick. High-resolution FTIR chemical maps showed the presence of calcite in medium/high to high concentration at the thallus–substrate interface. No evidence of calcite depletion was observed. These results do not support a significant carbonate depletion of the surface of the carbonate-rich rock colonised by T. atra, whose hyphae can actively penetrate the calcite clasts.
为了确定是否像某些作者所声称的那样，富碳酸盐岩石的定植可能与基质的“表面脱钙”有关，研究人员研究了钙区Tephromela var. calcalarea的菌体与基质的关系。将TSB植物标本馆中仍附着在底物上的菌体片段包埋在环氧树脂中获得截面，利用反射模式下的FPA-FTIR显微光谱进行分析，获得反映分子组分空间分布的化学成像数据。然后用周期性酸-希夫染色，并沿着从菌体-底物界面到无菌丝底物的垂直横断面，在固定距离的2 mm2选定区域测量菌丝扩散的百分比。对其他碎片进行x射线衍射（XRD）以检测存在的任何生物矿化产物。T. atra菌丝可穿透所有钙质基质，最大深度为0.8 mm，也可穿透单个方解石碎屑。菌丝在不同基质间的分布差别很大，在致密灰岩中最小，在多孔灰岩中最大。x射线衍射分析表明，在所有样品中都存在不同数量的生物矿物轮韦石和韦德石，并证实方解石的存在，除了在罗马砖上出现的一个。高分辨率FTIR化学图谱显示，在菌体-基质界面存在中/高至高浓度的方解石。没有观察到方解石耗竭的证据。这些结果不支持T. atra所占领的富含碳酸盐的岩石表面明显的碳酸盐枯竭，其菌丝可以主动穿透方解石碎屑。
{"title":"Superficial rock decalcification by the lichen Tephromela atra var. calcicola: what's true?","authors":"Mauro Tretiach , Sofia Ceseri , Ornella Salvadori , Francesco Princivalle , Barbara Salvadori","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thallus–substrate relationship of <em>Tephromela atra</em> var. <em>calcarea</em> was investigated to determine whether the colonisation of carbonate-rich rock can be related to a “superficial decalcification” of the substrate, as claimed by some authors. Fragments of thalli still adhering to the substrate from the TSB herbarium were embedded in epoxy resin to obtain cross-sections, which were analysed by FPA-FTIR microspectroscopy in reflection mode to acquire chemical imaging data reflecting the spatial distribution of molecular components. The cross-sections were then stained with periodic acid-Schiff, and the percentage of hyphal spread was measured in selected areas of 2 mm<sup>2</sup> at fixed distances along vertical transects from the thallus–substrate interface to the hyphal-free substrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed on additional fragments to detect any biomineralization products present. The hyphae of <em>T. atra</em> penetrated all calcareous substrates to a maximum depth of 0.8 mm, also piercing single calcite clasts. Hyphal spread varied greatly between substrates, with a minimum in compact limestone and a maximum in porous limestone. XRD analyses showed the presence of the biominerals whewellite and weddellite in varying amounts, and confirmed the presence of calcite in all samples, except in one occurring on Roman brick. High-resolution FTIR chemical maps showed the presence of calcite in medium/high to high concentration at the thallus–substrate interface. No evidence of calcite depletion was observed. These results do not support a significant carbonate depletion of the surface of the carbonate-rich rock colonised by <em>T. atra</em>, whose hyphae can actively penetrate the calcite clasts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106215"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106213
Luis Herrera-Candelario , Susana De la Rosa-García , Eugenia Zarza , Karina Guillen-Navarro , Mayra A. Alvarez-Lemus , Sergio Gómez-Cornelio
Pristine environments harbor diverse microbial communities with unique and underexplored metabolic capabilities, including the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) with bioemulsifying properties. These polymers have increasing biotechnological relevance in food, pharmaceutical, and environmental sectors. This study evaluated the effect of two contrasting growth modes—sessile and planktonic—on the production and stability of an emulsifying EPS synthesized by the halotolerant strain Glutamicibacter sp. XHA18, isolated from a pristine cenote in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Emulsifying activity and 24-h stability were assessed using the emulsification index (EI24), while physicochemical parameters such as carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, agitation, and salinity were optimized in both culture systems. EPS extraction and purification protocols were designed to recovery both high- and low-molecular-weight fractions. The purified EPS was characterized by FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, and zeta potential analysis. Sessile cultivation promoted earlier and higher emulsifying activity (EI24 = 62.09 % at 24 h), whereas planktonic culture required 96 h to reach comparable levels (EI24 = 60.09 %). In both systems, dextrose and alkaline pH significantly enhanced EPS production, whereas high salinity impaired its emulsifying performance. EPS yield was higher under sessile conditions (2.8 g/L) than in planktonic culture (1.8 g/L). FTIR and zeta potential analysis confirmed the polysaccharidic nature and negative surface charge of the EPS, supporting its ability to form stable emulsions with various hydrophobic substrates, even under salinity levels of 5–10 %. Toxicity assays with Artemia salina and Cucumis sativus confirmed the low toxicity of the EPS, with only minor effects at elevated concentration. Genomic analysis revealed that strain XHA18 belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter but differs in G + C content and metabolic features from known species, suggesting it may represent a novel taxon. Overall, this study provides new insights into the biosynthesis and functional stability of bioemulsifying EPS under sessile conditions and highlights Glutamicibacter sp. XHA18 as a promising biotechnological resource for industrial and environmental applications.
{"title":"Sessile culture as a strategy to enhance the production of emulsifying exopolysaccharides by Glutamicibacter sp. XHA18","authors":"Luis Herrera-Candelario , Susana De la Rosa-García , Eugenia Zarza , Karina Guillen-Navarro , Mayra A. Alvarez-Lemus , Sergio Gómez-Cornelio","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pristine environments harbor diverse microbial communities with unique and underexplored metabolic capabilities, including the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) with bioemulsifying properties. These polymers have increasing biotechnological relevance in food, pharmaceutical, and environmental sectors. This study evaluated the effect of two contrasting growth modes—sessile and planktonic—on the production and stability of an emulsifying EPS synthesized by the halotolerant strain <em>Glutamicibacter</em> sp. XHA18, isolated from a pristine cenote in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Emulsifying activity and 24-h stability were assessed using the emulsification index (EI<sub>24</sub>), while physicochemical parameters such as carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, agitation, and salinity were optimized in both culture systems. EPS extraction and purification protocols were designed to recovery both high- and low-molecular-weight fractions. The purified EPS was characterized by FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, and zeta potential analysis. Sessile cultivation promoted earlier and higher emulsifying activity (EI<sub>24</sub> = 62.09 % at 24 h), whereas planktonic culture required 96 h to reach comparable levels (EI<sub>24</sub> = 60.09 %). In both systems, dextrose and alkaline pH significantly enhanced EPS production, whereas high salinity impaired its emulsifying performance. EPS yield was higher under sessile conditions (2.8 g/L) than in planktonic culture (1.8 g/L). FTIR and zeta potential analysis confirmed the polysaccharidic nature and negative surface charge of the EPS, supporting its ability to form stable emulsions with various hydrophobic substrates, even under salinity levels of 5–10 %. Toxicity assays with <em>Artemia salina</em> and <em>Cucumis sativus</em> confirmed the low toxicity of the EPS, with only minor effects at elevated concentration. Genomic analysis revealed that strain XHA18 belongs to the genus <em>Glutamicibacter</em> but differs in G + C content and metabolic features from known species, suggesting it may represent a novel taxon. Overall, this study provides new insights into the biosynthesis and functional stability of bioemulsifying EPS under sessile conditions and highlights <em>Glutamicibacter</em> sp. XHA18 as a promising biotechnological resource for industrial and environmental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106213"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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