International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation最新文献_第6页

Hydrodynamic modelling of biofilm detachment via the Immersed Boundary Method 基于浸入边界法的生物膜分离流体动力学建模

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106245

Jiankun Wang , Yumeng Fu , Jin Wu , Jin Li , Xiaoling Wang

Biofilm detachment under fluid shear stress is a critical yet poorly understood phenomenon in biomedical and environmental systems. This study develops a 2D biofilm detachment model using IB2d within the Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) framework. By discretizing the biofilm into small units composed of elastic elements and connecting them through elastic/viscoelastic components in our 2D simulations, we dynamically model fluid-structure interactions. The strain threshold fracture criterion was experimentally calibrated and used to simulate biofilm detachment. Numerical simulations in straight microchannels reveal the existence of a critical detachment modulus in elastic biofilm systems within our model, which varies depending on the initial biofilm configuration. Specifically, the critical detachment modulus of semi-circular biofilms is lower than that of rectangular biofilms, while biofilms with parallel units exhibit a lower critical detachment modulus compared to those with randomly distributed units in our setup. Mechanical analysis further demonstrates that the parallel arrangement of units optimizes the stress transmission pathway, enhancing biofilm structural integrity in flow fields within our 2D simulations. Fluid dynamics studies indicate that fluid shear forces play a decisive role in biofilm structural disruption, with complete detachment occurring within seconds at high flow rates (e.g., 97 % detachment within 3 s at u_Max = 1 × 10⁻³ m/s). Viscoelastic analysis reveals that low-viscosity biofilms fail to effectively aggregate units, whereas high-viscosity biofilms behave similarly to those with elastic unit connections in our 2D model. This work bridges micro-mechanics and macro-detachment behavior in a two-dimensional context, offering a predictive tool for biofilm management strategies.

流体剪切应力作用下的生物膜剥离是生物医学和环境系统中一个重要但尚未被充分了解的现象。本研究在浸入边界法（浸入边界法）框架内使用IB2d开发了一个二维生物膜脱离模型。通过将生物膜离散成由弹性元件组成的小单元，并在二维模拟中通过弹性/粘弹性元件将它们连接起来，我们动态地模拟了流体-结构相互作用。实验校准了应变阈值断裂准则，并将其用于模拟生物膜脱离。在直微通道中的数值模拟表明，在我们的模型中，弹性生物膜系统中存在临界脱离模量，该模量取决于初始生物膜配置。具体来说，半圆形生物膜的临界脱离模量低于矩形生物膜，而平行单元的生物膜的临界脱离模量低于随机分布单元的生物膜。力学分析进一步表明，单元的平行排列优化了应力传递途径，增强了二维模拟流场中生物膜结构的完整性。流体动力学研究表明，流体剪切力在生物膜结构破坏中起着决定性作用，在高流速下，几秒钟内就会发生完全分离（例如，在uMax = 1 × 10−3 m/s时，3秒内97%的分离）。粘弹性分析表明，低粘度生物膜不能有效地聚集单元，而高粘度生物膜的行为与我们二维模型中具有弹性单元连接的生物膜相似。这项工作在二维背景下将微观力学和宏观脱离行为联系起来，为生物膜管理策略提供了预测工具。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term nitrogen removal through sludge augmentation in biochar-based constructed wetlands treating low C/N ratio wastewater 生物炭基人工湿地处理低碳氮比废水的污泥强化长期脱氮研究

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 Epub Date: 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106244

Deepti Negi , Punyasloke Bhadury , Achlesh Daverey

Efficient nitrogen (N) removal from low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio wastewater remains a major challenge. This study evaluates the effect of sludge amendment [anaerobic (AnS) or activated sludge (AS)] on the long-term (227 days) performance of biochar-integrated vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) for the treatment of simulated low COD/N ratio (3.6 and 2) wastewater. TN removal efficiencies ranged from 30.59 to 94.97% in Phase I and 50.62–90.97% in Phase II, with the maximum removal observed in AS-inoculated CWs. Sludge addition enhanced N removal, with 26.77–50.96% of N remaining unaccounted, likely reflecting microbial transformations, gaseous emissions and other N losses. The 16S rRNA sequencing based metabarcoding approach revealed the enrichment of anammox bacteria (Candidatus Kuenenia), particularly in AS (0.016–0.021%) added CWs. The coexistence of nitrifiers (Nitrosospira, Nitrospira), heterotrophic and aerobic denitrifiers (Pseudomonas, Thauera, Bacillus), nitrate reducing bacteria (Clostridium, Enterobacter) and sulfur oxidizing bacteria (Halothiobacillus, Thiobacillus, Thiothrix) in treatment layer (sand + biochar) reflects the interplay of multiple N transformation processes in the VFCWs. Biochar facilitated microbial colonization and enhanced redox stratification, thereby supporting these processes. Overall, sludge augmentation in biochar integrated VFCWs significantly improved N removal and altered dominant N transformation pathways, offering valuable insights for optimizing CWs treating low C/N ratio wastewater.

从低碳氮比废水中高效去除氮(N)仍然是一个重大挑战。本研究评估了污泥改性[厌氧（AnS）或活性污泥（AS）]对生物炭整合垂直流人工湿地（VFCWs）处理模拟低COD/N比（3.6和2）废水的长期（227天）性能的影响。第一阶段的TN去除率为30.59 ~ 94.97%，第二阶段为50.62 ~ 90.97%，其中接种as的CWs去除率最高。污泥添加增强了N的去除，有26.77-50.96%的N未计算，可能反映了微生物转化、气体排放和其他N损失。基于16S rRNA测序的元条形码方法显示厌氧氨氧化菌（Candidatus Kuenenia）富集，特别是在添加CWs的AS（0.016-0.021%）中。处理层（砂+生物炭）中硝化菌（亚硝基螺旋体、硝化螺旋体）、异养好氧反硝化菌（假单胞菌、Thauera、芽孢杆菌）、硝酸盐还原菌（Clostridium、Enterobacter）和硫氧化菌（Halothiobacillus、Thiobacillus、thiiothrix）的共存反映了VFCWs中多个N转化过程的相互作用。生物炭促进微生物定植和增强氧化还原分层，从而支持这些过程。总体而言，生物炭集成VFCWs中污泥的增加显著提高了N的去除效果，并改变了主要的N转化途径，为优化处理低碳氮比废水的cfcws提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced stability of bacterial co-occurrence networks to biochar amendment reduces soil carbon mineralization in permafrost-affected soils 生物炭对细菌共生网络稳定性的增强降低了受永久冻土层影响的土壤碳矿化

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106224

Yufei Wu , Ziwei Jiang , Liang Ma , Xiaodong Wu , Qian Lu , Shuying Zang

Biochar amendment to soil is regarded as a promising approach to enhance soil carbon sequestration in agroforestry ecosystems. However, the effects of biochar on the mineralization of soil organic carbon (SOC) in permafrost-affected forest soils and their regulating mechanisms remain unknown. Here, humus layer soil samples from a permafrost-affected Larix gmelinii forest were incubated with biochar additions of CK (no biochar), 2 % (BC2), 4 % (BC4), and 8 % (BC8). Biochar reduced SOC mineralization rates by 4.72 %–7.02 %, with concurrent increases in soil total organic carbon (8.8 %–28.8 %) and dissolved organic carbon (1.5–3.4 times). Soil substrates (NH₄⁺-N, pH, cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity) and enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, polyphenol oxidase, urease) followed similar trends. Bacterial co-occurrence networks exhibited enhanced complexity and stability (e.g., network size, connectivity, modules, keystone species), with community assembly shifting from deterministic toward stochastic processes. The partial least squares structural equation modeling revealed that biochar might mitigate the SOC mineralization by reducing microbial activity through enhanced bacterial synergistic effects. These results highlight the importance of incorporating wildfire-produced biochar into the projections of permafrost carbon cycle.

生物炭对土壤的修复被认为是一种很有前途的增强农林复合生态系统土壤固碳的方法。然而，生物炭对永冻土森林土壤有机碳矿化的影响及其调控机制尚不清楚。在这里，从永久冻土层影响的落叶松森林腐殖质层土壤样品与生物炭添加量分别为CK（无生物炭）、2% （BC2）、4% （BC4）和8% （BC8）孵育。生物炭降低了土壤有机碳矿化率4.72% ~ 7.02%，同时增加了土壤总有机碳（8.8% ~ 28.8%）和溶解有机碳（1.5 ~ 3.4倍）。土壤底物（NH4+-N、pH、阳离子交换量、电导率）和酶（脱氢酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶）的变化趋势相似。细菌共生网络表现出增强的复杂性和稳定性（例如，网络大小、连通性、模块、关键物种），群落组装从确定性过程转向随机过程。偏最小二乘结构方程模型表明，生物炭可能通过增强细菌协同效应而降低微生物活性，从而减缓有机碳矿化。这些结果强调了将野火产生的生物炭纳入永久冻土碳循环预测的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Thermophilic-vermicomposting enhances nitrogen retention and reduces greenhouse gas emissions via microbial gene regulation 嗜热蚯蚓堆肥通过微生物基因调控提高氮保留和减少温室气体排放

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 Epub Date: 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106231

Guiling Zheng , Xiaoxia Hao , Binyan Hong , Dongmei Jiang , Hongxi Qian , Lin Bai

Against the backdrop of increasing concern regarding nitrogen (N) loss and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock operations, this study evaluated the efficacy of an integrated thermophilic-vermicomposting system for the treatment of pig manure. Compared with conventional thermophilic composting (AC) and single vermicomposting (V), the combined thermophilic–vermicomposting (CV) approach markedly improved compost quality. Specifically, total nitrogen (TN), germination index (GI), and humification index (HIX) increased by 27 % and 7 %, 44 % and 26 %, and 51 % and 17 %, respectively. It also promoted the abundance of functional genes involved in nitrification (amoA, amoB), denitrification (nirS, etc.), and carbon cycling (pccA, etc.). Furthermore, the CV process significantly increased ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N) contents by 58.96 % and 1476 %, respectively, compared with AC, while effectively reducing carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and ammonia (NH₃) emissions. These findings demonstrate that integrated thermophilic-vermicomposting is a promising strategy for sustainable livestock waste management, simultaneously improving compost maturity and reducing environmental impacts.

在人们日益关注牲畜养殖过程中氮(N)损失和温室气体（GHG）排放的背景下，本研究评估了一种综合的嗜热-蠕虫堆肥系统对猪粪的处理效果。与传统的嗜热堆肥（AC）和单一蚯蚓堆肥(V)相比，嗜热-蚯蚓复合堆肥（CV）显著提高了堆肥质量。其中，总氮（TN）、萌发指数（GI）和腐殖化指数（HIX）分别提高了27%和7%、44%和26%、51%和17%。它还促进了参与硝化（amoA, amoB），反硝化（nirS等）和碳循环（pccA等）的功能基因的丰度。此外，与AC相比，CV处理显著提高了铵态氮（NH4+-N）和硝态氮（NO3−-N）含量，分别提高了58.96%和1476%，同时有效减少了二氧化碳（CO2）、甲烷（CH4）和氨（NH3）的排放。这些研究结果表明，嗜热蚯蚓综合堆肥是一种有前景的可持续畜禽粪便管理策略，同时提高堆肥成熟度并减少环境影响。

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引用次数: 0

Biodegradation and detoxification of cephalexin by Bacillus wiedmannii RM5: Pathways, optimization, and safety assessment 魏德曼杆菌RM5对头孢氨苄的生物降解和解毒：途径、优化和安全性评估

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 Epub Date: 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106230

Reihaneh Moridshahi, Zahra Etemadifar

Cephalexin (CPX), a β-lactam antibiotic, is considered an emerging pollutant due to its incomplete removal in conventional treatment systems and its contribution to antimicrobial resistance. This study investigated a novel indigenous strain, Bacillus wiedmannii RM5, isolated from municipal activated sludge, which efficiently degraded CPX. Under optimized conditions (pH 6.5, 50 mg/L initial CPX, 60 h incubation), strain RM5 achieved 95.5 % CPX removal, as determined using OFAT and Box–Behnken design with RSM. The ddition of glucose significantly enhanced co-metabolism, leading to complete degradation within 36 h. The strain exhibited stable performance across a pH range of 6–9, temperatures of 30–45 °C, and CPX concentrations up to 400 mg/L, indicating its potential for application under real-world environmental conditions. LC–MS/MS analysis identified 13 intermediates, suggesting two concurrent enzymatic degradation pathways. These pathways involve β-lactamase-mediated ring cleavage, hydrolysis, and oxidation catalyzed by hydrolases and oxidases, leading to non-toxic mineral end products. MIC and MTT bioassays showed that, unlike untreated CPX, its degraded metabolites exhibited no antibacterial or cytotoxic activity. Bacillus wiedmannii RM5 effectively degraded CPX, amoxicillin (AMX), and ampicillin (AMP) simultaneously across diverse environmental conditions, showcasing its broad-spectrum biodegradation potential. These findings highlight Bacillus wiedmannii RM5 as a promising, safe, and effective bioremediation agent for removing β-lactam antibiotics from wastewater, offering a practical strategy to reduce pharmaceutical pollution and antibiotic resistance.

头孢氨苄（CPX）是一种β-内酰胺类抗生素，由于其在常规处理系统中的不完全去除及其对抗菌素耐药性的贡献，被认为是一种新兴污染物。本研究从城市活性污泥中分离出一种新的本地菌株，魏德曼芽孢杆菌RM5，它能有效地降解CPX。在优化条件（pH 6.5，初始CPX 50 mg/L，培养60 h）下，菌株RM5的CPX去除率为95.5%，采用OFAT和Box-Behnken设计与RSM测定。该菌株在pH值为6-9、温度为30-45°C、CPX浓度高达400 mg/L的条件下均表现出稳定的性能，表明其在实际环境条件下具有应用潜力。LC-MS /MS分析鉴定出13个中间体，表明有两种同时存在的酶降解途径。这些途径包括β-内酰胺酶介导的环裂解、水解和水解酶和氧化酶催化的氧化，从而产生无毒的矿物最终产物。MIC和MTT生物测定显示，与未经处理的CPX不同，其降解代谢物没有抗菌或细胞毒活性。魏德曼芽孢杆菌RM5能在不同环境条件下同时有效降解CPX、阿莫西林（AMX）和氨苄西林（AMP），显示出其广谱生物降解潜力。这些发现突出了魏德曼芽孢杆菌RM5作为一种有前景、安全、有效的去除废水中β-内酰胺类抗生素的生物修复剂，为减少药物污染和抗生素耐药性提供了一种实用的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Cleaner aquaculture through bioremediation: Using Bacillus probiotics to reduce nitrogenous waste and enhance fish welfare in intensive Labeo rohita culture 通过生物修复清洁水产养殖：利用益生菌芽孢杆菌减少含氮废物，提高罗希塔Labeo集约化养殖中的鱼类福利

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106252

Suraj Kumar , Tanmoy Choudhury , Supratim Malla , Himadri Saha , Dibyendu Kamilya , Shivbhajan Chandravanshi , Prasenjit Pal

This study evaluated the bioremediation efficiency and health-promoting potential of three Bacillus probiotics- Bacillus subtilis COFCAU_BSP3, B. velezensis COF_AHE01, and B. amyloliquefaciens COFCAU_P1- by assessing their ability to remove ammonia-N and nitrite-N from simulated pond water and their effects on welfare indicators in Labeo rohita cultured under a high-stocking, no-water-exchange system. Among the tested strains, B. subtilis COFCAU_BSP3 exhibited the highest nitrogen removal capability, achieving up-to 74.47 % ammonia-N and 41.01 % nitrite-N removal at 1 × 10⁸ CFU/mL, and was therefore selected for subsequent in vivo evaluation. Tolerance assays indicated that this strain was resilient across a range of environmental conditions, performing optimally at pH 7.0 and 30 °C, and tolerating moderate levels of ammonia-N (up to 32 mg/L) and nitrite-N (optimal at 8 mg/L). Subsequently, a 30-day in vivo trial was conducted to assess the effects of B. subtilis COFCAU_BSP3 supplementation, administered at 10-day intervals, on L. rohita fingerlings. The probiotic treated group effectively reduced ammonia-N by 50 % and nitrite-N by 52.63 % while increasing nitrate-N levels by 1.9-fold, indicating enhanced nitrification. Treated fish showed improved innate immune responses (p < 0.05), including elevated superoxide anion, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, and antiprotease activities. Biochemical analysis revealed, reduced glucose levels and increased plasma protein and globulin concentrations in the blood. Additionally, gut enzymatic activity was enhanced, particularly protease (3.08 fold) and amylase (4.5 fold) activities. Gene expression analysis showed significant upregulation of HSP70 (2.3 fold) and TNF-α (3 fold) on day 30, suggesting improved stress tolerance and immune activation. Overall, these findings highlight B. subtilis COFCAU_BSP3 as a promising water probiotic for sustainable aquaculture, offering potential benefits in water quality management, fish health, and system resilience under intensive culture conditions.

本研究通过评估3种益生菌芽孢杆菌枯草芽孢杆菌COFCAU_BSP3、B. velezensis COF_AHE01和B.解淀粉芽孢杆菌COFCAU_P1-对模拟池塘水中氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除能力，以及在高放养、无换水系统下对罗希塔Labeo福利指标的影响，评价了它们的生物修复效率和健康促进潜力。其中，枯草芽孢杆菌COFCAU_BSP3在1 × 108 CFU/mL下的氨氮去除率最高，达到74.47%，亚硝酸盐去除率达到41.01%，因此被选中进行后续的体内评价。耐受性测试表明，该菌株在一系列环境条件下具有弹性，在pH 7.0和30°C时表现最佳，并且耐受中等水平的氨氮（高达32 mg/L）和亚硝酸盐氮（最佳为8 mg/L）。随后，进行了一项为期30天的体内试验，以评估每隔10天补充枯草芽孢杆菌COFCAU_BSP3对罗希塔乳杆菌鱼种的影响。益生菌处理组氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮分别降低了50%和52.63%，硝态氮水平提高了1.9倍，硝化作用增强。处理过的鱼表现出改善的先天免疫反应（p < 0.05），包括超氧阴离子、髓过氧化物酶、溶菌酶和抗蛋白酶活性升高。生化分析显示，血糖水平降低，血浆蛋白和球蛋白浓度升高。肠道酶活性显著提高，尤其是蛋白酶（3.08倍）和淀粉酶（4.5倍）活性。基因表达分析显示，HSP70和TNF-α在第30天显著上调（2.3倍）和3倍)，表明应激耐受性和免疫激活能力得到改善。总之，这些发现强调枯草芽孢杆菌COFCAU_BSP3是一种有前景的可持续水产养殖水益生菌，在水质管理、鱼类健康和集约养殖条件下的系统恢复能力方面具有潜在的益处。

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引用次数: 0

Nano-bioremediation of used engine oil using glycolipid-producing Pseudomonas azotoformans and Zinc–Selenium nanoparticles: A synergistic green approach 利用产生糖脂的偶氮假单胞菌和锌硒纳米颗粒对废旧机油进行纳米生物修复：一种协同绿色方法

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106248

Kumar Kowsalya , Irfan Ahmad , Mohd Saeed , Anahas Perianaika Matharasi Antonyraj , Narayanaswamy Tamilselvan

This study introduces a novel nano-bioremediation strategy integrating a glycolipid-type biosurfactant–producing bacterium, Pseudomonas azotoformans KMVKT08, with biosynthesized zinc–selenium (Zn–Se) nanoparticles for the efficient degradation of used engine oil. The glycolipid biosurfactant exhibited a high emulsification index (E₂₄ = 78 ± 2 %) and reduced surface tension to 28.6 ± 0.5 mN m⁻¹, significantly enhancing hydrocarbon solubilization and bioavailability. The Zn–Se nanoparticles, characterized by XRD, FT-IR, and TEM (average particle size 42 ± 5 nm), catalyzed oxidative reactions and generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) that facilitated hydrocarbon chain cleavage. The combined system achieved a 91.3 ± 2.1 % degradation efficiency, as quantified by GC–MS peak-area integration (p < 0.05), transforming long-chain hydrocarbons such as octadecane and anthracene into low-molecular-weight fatty acids and alcohols. Enzymatic assays revealed significantly higher activities of monooxygenase (0.86 ± 0.04 U·mg⁻¹) and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (0.73 ± 0.05 U·mg⁻¹) compared with treatments (p < 0.05), confirming the enzyme-mediated oxidative mechanism. This synergistic integration of biosurfactant-mediated solubilization and nanoparticle-assisted catalytic oxidation represents a sustainable, potentially scalable, and environmentally benign approach for restoring hydrocarbon-contaminated soils and wastewater, marking a significant advancement in green bioremediation technology and providing a promising direction for future large-scale environmental applications. This green technology advances climate-resilient pollution management in alignment with SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).

本研究介绍了一种新型的纳米生物修复策略，该策略将一种糖脂型生物表面活性剂产生细菌——偶氮形成假单胞菌KMVKT08与生物合成的锌硒（Zn-Se）纳米颗粒结合在一起，用于高效降解废旧机油。糖脂类生物表面活性剂具有较高的乳化指数（E24 = 78±2%），表面张力降至28.6±0.5 mN m−1，显著提高了烃类的增溶性和生物利用度。通过XRD、FT-IR和TEM对纳米Zn-Se进行了表征（平均粒径为42±5 nm），其催化氧化反应并产生活性氧（ROS），促进了烃链的裂解。经GC-MS峰面积积分（p < 0.05）量化，该组合体系的降解效率为91.3±2.1%，可将长链烃（如十八烷和蒽）转化为低分子量脂肪酸和醇。酶学分析显示，与处理相比，单加氧酶（0.86±0.04 U·mg−1）和儿茶酚2,3-双加氧酶（0.73±0.05 U·mg−1）活性显著提高（p < 0.05），证实了酶介导的氧化机制。这种生物表面活性剂介导的增溶和纳米颗粒辅助的催化氧化的协同整合代表了一种可持续的、潜在的可扩展的、环境友好的方法，用于修复碳氢化合物污染的土壤和废水，标志着绿色生物修复技术的重大进步，并为未来大规模的环境应用提供了一个有希望的方向。这种绿色技术推进了气候适应型污染管理，符合可持续发展目标9（工业、创新和基础设施）和可持续发展目标13（气候行动）。

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引用次数: 0

Penicillin and streptomycin in ethanol mist against spore-forming Bacillus bacteria isolated from surfaces of historical objects 乙醇雾中青霉素和链霉素对从历史文物表面分离的芽孢杆菌的抑制作用

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 Epub Date: 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106246

Anna Wawrzyk , Natalia Pydyn , Dorota Rybitwa , Nel Jastrzębiowska , Lilianna Szyk-Warszyńska , Małgorzata Zimowska , Jacek Gurgul , Dagmara Zeljaś , Filip Bielec

The objective of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of ethanol mist enriched with penicillin and/or streptomycin and to examine its effects on the surface properties of model and historical textile materials from the collections of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (ABSM) in Oświęcim (Poland). Bacillus bacteria, which inhabited historical textile objects in the ABSM, were inoculated onto samples of textiles. Then, penicillin and/or streptomycin suspended in water or ethanol were applied in the form of mist. Sensitivity of the bacterial strains to the antibiotics was tested with disk diffusion (vegetative forms) and agar imprint (spores) methods. After that, surface alterations were analysed using SEM, confocal microscopy and XPS techniques. Even though initial effectiveness of presented disinfection method was observed, both for cells and spores, it resulted only in a temporary inhibition of the growth of tested bacteria. Importantly, subsequent analyses revealed that this treatment did not induce any detectable alterations in the surface morphology or chemistry of the textile materials. The developed method of applying antibiotics together with ethanol mist to increase effectiveness of ethanol against spore-forming bacteria is non-destructive and preserves the original structural and chemical integrity of historical fabric. However, the method has a biostatic effect on spore-forming Bacillus, not biocidal, so the addition of tested antibiotics does not allow the desired effect to be achieved. Nevertheless, ethanol in the form of mist without additives is biocidally effective against a wide range of microorganisms.

本研究的目的是研究含有青霉素和/或链霉素的乙醇薄雾的抗菌效果，并检查其对Oświęcim（波兰）奥斯威辛-比克瑙国家博物馆（ABSM）收藏的模型和历史纺织品表面性能的影响。将居住在ABSM历史纺织品上的芽孢杆菌接种到纺织品样品上。然后，将盘尼西林和/或链霉素悬浮在水或乙醇中以雾状施用。采用盘片扩散法（营养形态法）和琼脂印记法（孢子法）检测菌株对抗生素的敏感性。之后，使用扫描电镜、共聚焦显微镜和XPS技术分析表面变化。尽管观察到所提出的消毒方法对细胞和孢子的初步有效性，但它只能暂时抑制被测细菌的生长。重要的是，随后的分析表明，这种处理不会引起纺织材料表面形态或化学的任何可检测的变化。所开发的将抗生素与乙醇雾一起施用以提高乙醇对孢子形成细菌的有效性的方法是非破坏性的，并且保留了历史织物的原始结构和化学完整性。然而，该方法对孢子形成芽孢杆菌具有生物抑制作用，而不是杀菌剂，因此添加所测试的抗生素不能达到预期的效果。然而，不含添加剂的雾状乙醇对多种微生物具有杀灭效果。

{"title":"Penicillin and streptomycin in ethanol mist against spore-forming Bacillus bacteria isolated from surfaces of historical objects","authors":"Anna Wawrzyk , Natalia Pydyn , Dorota Rybitwa , Nel Jastrzębiowska , Lilianna Szyk-Warszyńska , Małgorzata Zimowska , Jacek Gurgul , Dagmara Zeljaś , Filip Bielec","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of ethanol mist enriched with penicillin and/or streptomycin and to examine its effects on the surface properties of model and historical textile materials from the collections of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (ABSM) in Oświęcim (Poland). <em>Bacillus</em> bacteria, which inhabited historical textile objects in the ABSM, were inoculated onto samples of textiles. Then, penicillin and/or streptomycin suspended in water or ethanol were applied in the form of mist. Sensitivity of the bacterial strains to the antibiotics was tested with disk diffusion (vegetative forms) and agar imprint (spores) methods. After that, surface alterations were analysed using SEM, confocal microscopy and XPS techniques. Even though initial effectiveness of presented disinfection method was observed, both for cells and spores, it resulted only in a temporary inhibition of the growth of tested bacteria. Importantly, subsequent analyses revealed that this treatment did not induce any detectable alterations in the surface morphology or chemistry of the textile materials. The developed method of applying antibiotics together with ethanol mist to increase effectiveness of ethanol against spore-forming bacteria is non-destructive and preserves the original structural and chemical integrity of historical fabric. However, the method has a biostatic effect on spore-forming <em>Bacillus</em>, not biocidal, so the addition of tested antibiotics does not allow the desired effect to be achieved. Nevertheless, ethanol in the form of mist without additives is biocidally effective against a wide range of microorganisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rhizosphere phenolics by urban plants drive laccase-like oxidative conditions and selective degradation of phenolic/anilinic antibiotics 城市植物的根际酚类物质驱动漆酶样氧化条件和酚类/苯胺类抗生素的选择性降解

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 Epub Date: 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106243

Zhimin Zhou , Shuzhuang Wu , Junchao Huang , Yuxin Chen , Yongpeng Li , Baobao Cai , Pengkang Yan , Dionisio Zaldivar-Silva , Shaojie Liu , Weiyi Lv , Bangxiao Zheng

Antibiotics increasingly occur at urban root–soil–water interfaces, yet the proximate chemical driver of any in-situ dissipation remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that phenolic root exudates establish laccase-like oxidative conditions that selectively shorten the persistence of phenolic or anilinic antibiotics. Using planted microcosms spanning a gradient in exudate phenolics, paired with complementary exudate assays with copper chelation and dephenolization, we quantified H₂O₂-free oxidative activity and first-order decay of tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and a recalcitrant comparator, carbamazepine. High-phenolic rhizospheres produced the strongest extracellular oxidation and yielded two-to fourfold shorter half-lives for tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole, whereas carbamazepine was unchanged. Across treatments, oxidative activity was strongly and inversely associated with half-life for the phenolic or anilinic antibiotics and a structural model linked phenolic exudation to oxidation and then to antibiotic persistence, explaining 76 % of the variance, while the same conditions coincided with lower abundances of resistance markers and higher bacterial evenness after two weeks. These findings verify the laccase-like rhizosphere mechanism and identify exudate chemistry as a practical lever for selective antibiotic dissipation and risk reduction in urban green infrastructures.

抗生素越来越多地出现在城市根-土壤-水界面，但任何原位耗散的近似化学驱动因素尚不清楚。我们检验了酚根渗出物建立漆酶样氧化条件的假设，选择性地缩短酚类或苯胺类抗生素的持续时间。通过在渗出物酚类物质中设置梯度的种植显微镜，结合铜螯合和去酚化的互补渗出物测定，我们定量了四环素、磺胺甲恶唑和顽固性比较物卡马西平的无h2o2氧化活性和一级衰变。高酚根际产生最强的细胞外氧化作用，使四环素和磺胺甲恶唑的半衰期缩短2 - 4倍，而卡马西平没有变化。在不同的处理中，氧化活性与酚类或苯胺类抗生素的半衰期呈强烈的负相关，并且结构模型将酚类分泌物与氧化联系起来，然后与抗生素持久性联系起来，解释了76%的差异，而相同的条件下，两周后耐药标记物的丰度较低，细菌均匀性较高。这些发现证实了漆酶样根际机制，并确定了渗出化学是城市绿色基础设施中选择性抗生素消散和降低风险的实用杠杆。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic ultrasound and zero-valent iron pretreatment for enhanced waste activated sludge anaerobic fermentation: Mechanism elucidation, process optimization, and benefit analysis 超声与零价铁协同预处理强化污泥厌氧发酵：机理阐述、工艺优化及效益分析

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 Epub Date: 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106242

Yingte Li , Dingxun Ma , Minggang Liu , Yizhou Tu , Hongbin Chen , Xianchun Tang

This study employed synergistic ultrasound and zero-valent iron (ZVI) pretreatment to enhance waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic fermentation. Using response surface methodology (RSM) to systematically optimize the ultrasonic power, ultrasound time, and ZVI dosage, aiming to determine the optimal synergistic pretreatment conditions for enhancing subsequent anaerobic fermentation. The results indicated that pretreatment reduced the particle size of WAS, increased fractal dimension and zeta potential absolute value, and resulted in a higher specific surface area, promoting electrostatic repulsion, system stability, and microbial growth. Alpha diversity increased (as reflected by the Chao index), and functional microbiota involved in hydrolysis and acidification, such as Actinomycetota and Bacteroidota, were further enriched. Further confirmation through three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) spectroscopy and molecular weight distribution analysis of dissolved organic matter revealed that the synergistic pretreatment significantly enhanced sludge hydrolysis efficiency and released substantial biodegradable components, with a higher biological index (BIX) and lower humification index (HIX). Specific analysis demonstrated that a maximum soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) concentration of 1632.99 mg/L in the pretreated supernatant was achieved at an ultrasonic power of 1.86 W/mL, an ultrasound time of 14.10 min, and a ZVI dosage of 0.38 g/L. Furthermore, the maximum volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production (1722.65 mg COD/L) during the fermentation period was attained at an ultrasonic power of 1.78 W/mL, an ultrasound time of 14.48 min, and a ZVI dosage of 0.38 g/L. Benefit analysis suggests that this optimized process demonstrates promising application potential, offering an efficient and cost-effective strategy for sludge resource recovery.

本研究采用超声与零价铁（ZVI）协同预处理的方法，加强了废活性污泥（WAS）的厌氧发酵。采用响应面法（RSM）对超声功率、超声时间和ZVI投加量进行系统优化，旨在确定促进后续厌氧发酵的最佳协同预处理条件。结果表明，预处理使WAS的粒径减小，分形维数和zeta电位绝对值增大，比表面积增大，有利于静电斥力的提高，有利于系统稳定性和微生物生长。α多样性增加（由Chao指数反映），参与水解和酸化的功能微生物群，如放线菌群和拟杆菌群进一步丰富。通过三维激发-发射矩阵（3D-EEM）光谱和溶解有机物分子量分布分析进一步证实，协同预处理显著提高了污泥水解效率，释放了大量可生物降解组分，具有较高的生物指数（BIX）和较低的腐殖化指数（HIX）。具体分析表明，在超声功率为1.86 W/mL、超声时间为14.10 min、ZVI用量为0.38 g/L的条件下，预处理上清液中可溶化学需氧量（SCOD）的最大浓度为1632.99 mg/L。在超声功率为1.78 W/mL、超声时间为14.48 min、ZVI用量为0.38 g/L的条件下，发酵过程中挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）的最大产量为1722.65 mg COD/L。效益分析表明，该优化工艺具有良好的应用潜力，为污泥资源回收提供了一种高效、经济的策略。

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引用次数: 0