Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106254
Yanyan Du , Pan Luo , Yingchun Lu , Yuqin Liu , Bo Xu , Guihong Lan , Haiyan Qiu
This study investigates the heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HNAD) characteristics of Priestia megaterium S1A, a Gram-positive bacterium isolated from environmental samples. The strain was obtained from lake water and its surrounding environment (30°49′36″N, 104°11′6″E, Mengxi Lake, SWPU, Chengdu, China) and demonstrated significant removal capabilities for NH4+-N, NO3−-N, and NO2−-N. Through single-factor optimization experiments, the strain exhibited efficient removal of NH4+-N and NO3−-N under aerobic conditions, achieving removal efficiencies of 89.75 % and 98.47 % within 12 h, respectively. Enzyme activity assays confirmed the presence of hydroxylamine oxidase (HAO, 0.00218 U/mg protein), nitrate reductase (NAP, 0.0123 U/mg protein), and nitrite reductase (NIR, 0.0123 U/mg protein) in the strain. Whole-genome analysis (genome length: 5,755,804 bp; average GC content: 37.6 %) identified 18 nitrogen metabolism-associated genes (e.g., narK, nirBD, nos). This analysis revealed that the strain exhibits synergistic nitrogen removal capabilities through two distinct pathways: the assimilatory pathway (NO3− → NO2− → NH4+ → L-glutamine → L-glutamate) and the HNAD pathway (NH4+ → NH2OH → NO3− → NO2− → NO → N2O → N2).
{"title":"Screening and identification of a heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrifying strain Priestia megaterium S1A: Analysis of nitrogen removal pathway based on whole-genome sequencing","authors":"Yanyan Du , Pan Luo , Yingchun Lu , Yuqin Liu , Bo Xu , Guihong Lan , Haiyan Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HNAD) characteristics of <em>Priestia megaterium</em> S1A, a Gram-positive bacterium isolated from environmental samples. The strain was obtained from lake water and its surrounding environment (30°49′36″N, 104°11′6″E, Mengxi Lake, SWPU, Chengdu, China) and demonstrated significant removal capabilities for NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N, and NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>-N. Through single-factor optimization experiments, the strain exhibited efficient removal of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N under aerobic conditions, achieving removal efficiencies of 89.75 % and 98.47 % within 12 h, respectively. Enzyme activity assays confirmed the presence of hydroxylamine oxidase (HAO, 0.00218 U/mg protein), nitrate reductase (NAP, 0.0123 U/mg protein), and nitrite reductase (NIR, 0.0123 U/mg protein) in the strain. Whole-genome analysis (genome length: 5,755,804 bp; average GC content: 37.6 %) identified 18 nitrogen metabolism-associated genes (e.g., <em>narK</em>, <em>nirBD</em>, <em>nos</em>). This analysis revealed that the strain exhibits synergistic nitrogen removal capabilities through two distinct pathways: the assimilatory pathway (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> → NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> → NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> → L-glutamine → L-glutamate) and the HNAD pathway (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> → NH<sub>2</sub>OH → NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> → NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> → NO → N<sub>2</sub>O → N<sub>2</sub>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106254"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106255
Lu Wang , Chaolong Ma , Fasi Wu , Xiaobo Liu
Stone cultural heritage exposed to outdoor conditions often suffers from microbially derived biodeterioration processes. Although modern culture-independent approaches have expanded our understanding of the community and function of cultural heritage microbiomes, studies on the isolation and identification of microbial biodeteriogens and their biodeterioration processes affecting stone heritage are still necessary. Here, we isolated 56 bacterial strains from the deteriorated limestone monuments of the Longmen Grottoes and identified 21 potential bacterial strains with significant deteriorating capabilities through limestone dissolution laboratory tests. These bacterial strains showed their biodeteriogenic action by lowering the pH of the surrounding environment by secreting organic acids and/or sulfuric acid, which then dissolved calcium and/or magnesium carbonates of the limestone. Based on the abundance distribution in the biodeteriorated areas sampled and their biodeterioration ability in laboratory tests, three types of biodeteriogenic bacterial strains, including acidophilic (e.g., Buttiauxella gaviniae), methyl-oxidizing (e.g., Methylorubrum populi), and sulfur-oxidizing (Paracoccus sulfuroxidans) were identified and considered as potential representative biodeteriogens. Their biodeterioration mechanisms primarily include CaCO3 solubilization caused by biogenic organic and inorganic acids on the limestone monuments of the Longmen Grottoes. The findings will improve our understanding of mechanisms underpinning microbial biodeterioration processes of stone monuments and expand the microbial biodeteriogen database for stone heritage conservation.
{"title":"Identification and screening of acid-secreting bacterial strains isolated from limestone of the Longmen Grottoes monuments","authors":"Lu Wang , Chaolong Ma , Fasi Wu , Xiaobo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stone cultural heritage exposed to outdoor conditions often suffers from microbially derived biodeterioration processes. Although modern culture-independent approaches have expanded our understanding of the community and function of cultural heritage microbiomes, studies on the isolation and identification of microbial biodeteriogens and their biodeterioration processes affecting stone heritage are still necessary. Here, we isolated 56 bacterial strains from the deteriorated limestone monuments of the Longmen Grottoes and identified 21 potential bacterial strains with significant deteriorating capabilities through limestone dissolution laboratory tests. These bacterial strains showed their biodeteriogenic action by lowering the pH of the surrounding environment by secreting organic acids and/or sulfuric acid, which then dissolved calcium and/or magnesium carbonates of the limestone. Based on the abundance distribution in the biodeteriorated areas sampled and their biodeterioration ability in laboratory tests, three types of biodeteriogenic bacterial strains, including acidophilic (e.g., <em>Buttiauxella gaviniae</em>), methyl-oxidizing (e.g., <em>Methylorubrum populi</em>), and sulfur-oxidizing (<em>Paracoccus sulfuroxidans</em>) were identified and considered as potential representative biodeteriogens. Their biodeterioration mechanisms primarily include CaCO<sub>3</sub> solubilization caused by biogenic organic and inorganic acids on the limestone monuments of the Longmen Grottoes. The findings will improve our understanding of mechanisms underpinning microbial biodeterioration processes of stone monuments and expand the microbial biodeteriogen database for stone heritage conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106248
Kumar Kowsalya , Irfan Ahmad , Mohd Saeed , Anahas Perianaika Matharasi Antonyraj , Narayanaswamy Tamilselvan
This study introduces a novel nano-bioremediation strategy integrating a glycolipid-type biosurfactant–producing bacterium, Pseudomonas azotoformans KMVKT08, with biosynthesized zinc–selenium (Zn–Se) nanoparticles for the efficient degradation of used engine oil. The glycolipid biosurfactant exhibited a high emulsification index (E24 = 78 ± 2 %) and reduced surface tension to 28.6 ± 0.5 mN m−1, significantly enhancing hydrocarbon solubilization and bioavailability. The Zn–Se nanoparticles, characterized by XRD, FT-IR, and TEM (average particle size 42 ± 5 nm), catalyzed oxidative reactions and generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) that facilitated hydrocarbon chain cleavage. The combined system achieved a 91.3 ± 2.1 % degradation efficiency, as quantified by GC–MS peak-area integration (p < 0.05), transforming long-chain hydrocarbons such as octadecane and anthracene into low-molecular-weight fatty acids and alcohols. Enzymatic assays revealed significantly higher activities of monooxygenase (0.86 ± 0.04 U·mg−1) and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (0.73 ± 0.05 U·mg−1) compared with treatments (p < 0.05), confirming the enzyme-mediated oxidative mechanism. This synergistic integration of biosurfactant-mediated solubilization and nanoparticle-assisted catalytic oxidation represents a sustainable, potentially scalable, and environmentally benign approach for restoring hydrocarbon-contaminated soils and wastewater, marking a significant advancement in green bioremediation technology and providing a promising direction for future large-scale environmental applications. This green technology advances climate-resilient pollution management in alignment with SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).
{"title":"Nano-bioremediation of used engine oil using glycolipid-producing Pseudomonas azotoformans and Zinc–Selenium nanoparticles: A synergistic green approach","authors":"Kumar Kowsalya , Irfan Ahmad , Mohd Saeed , Anahas Perianaika Matharasi Antonyraj , Narayanaswamy Tamilselvan","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel nano-bioremediation strategy integrating a glycolipid-type biosurfactant–producing bacterium, <em>Pseudomonas azotoformans</em> KMVKT08, with biosynthesized zinc–selenium (Zn–Se) nanoparticles for the efficient degradation of used engine oil. The glycolipid biosurfactant exhibited a high emulsification index (E<sub>24</sub> = 78 ± 2 %) and reduced surface tension to 28.6 ± 0.5 mN m<sup>−1</sup>, significantly enhancing hydrocarbon solubilization and bioavailability. The Zn–Se nanoparticles, characterized by XRD, FT-IR, and TEM (average particle size 42 ± 5 nm), catalyzed oxidative reactions and generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) that facilitated hydrocarbon chain cleavage. The combined system achieved a 91.3 ± 2.1 % degradation efficiency, as quantified by GC–MS peak-area integration (p < 0.05), transforming long-chain hydrocarbons such as octadecane and anthracene into low-molecular-weight fatty acids and alcohols. Enzymatic assays revealed significantly higher activities of monooxygenase (0.86 ± 0.04 U·mg<sup>−1</sup>) and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (0.73 ± 0.05 U·mg<sup>−1</sup>) compared with treatments (p < 0.05), confirming the enzyme-mediated oxidative mechanism. This synergistic integration of biosurfactant-mediated solubilization and nanoparticle-assisted catalytic oxidation represents a sustainable, potentially scalable, and environmentally benign approach for restoring hydrocarbon-contaminated soils and wastewater, marking a significant advancement in green bioremediation technology and providing a promising direction for future large-scale environmental applications. This green technology advances climate-resilient pollution management in alignment with SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106248"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106252
Suraj Kumar , Tanmoy Choudhury , Supratim Malla , Himadri Saha , Dibyendu Kamilya , Shivbhajan Chandravanshi , Prasenjit Pal
This study evaluated the bioremediation efficiency and health-promoting potential of three Bacillus probiotics- Bacillus subtilis COFCAU_BSP3, B. velezensis COF_AHE01, and B. amyloliquefaciens COFCAU_P1- by assessing their ability to remove ammonia-N and nitrite-N from simulated pond water and their effects on welfare indicators in Labeo rohita cultured under a high-stocking, no-water-exchange system. Among the tested strains, B. subtilis COFCAU_BSP3 exhibited the highest nitrogen removal capability, achieving up-to 74.47 % ammonia-N and 41.01 % nitrite-N removal at 1 × 108 CFU/mL, and was therefore selected for subsequent in vivo evaluation. Tolerance assays indicated that this strain was resilient across a range of environmental conditions, performing optimally at pH 7.0 and 30 °C, and tolerating moderate levels of ammonia-N (up to 32 mg/L) and nitrite-N (optimal at 8 mg/L). Subsequently, a 30-day in vivo trial was conducted to assess the effects of B. subtilis COFCAU_BSP3 supplementation, administered at 10-day intervals, on L. rohita fingerlings. The probiotic treated group effectively reduced ammonia-N by 50 % and nitrite-N by 52.63 % while increasing nitrate-N levels by 1.9-fold, indicating enhanced nitrification. Treated fish showed improved innate immune responses (p < 0.05), including elevated superoxide anion, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, and antiprotease activities. Biochemical analysis revealed, reduced glucose levels and increased plasma protein and globulin concentrations in the blood. Additionally, gut enzymatic activity was enhanced, particularly protease (3.08 fold) and amylase (4.5 fold) activities. Gene expression analysis showed significant upregulation of HSP70 (2.3 fold) and TNF-α (3 fold) on day 30, suggesting improved stress tolerance and immune activation. Overall, these findings highlight B. subtilis COFCAU_BSP3 as a promising water probiotic for sustainable aquaculture, offering potential benefits in water quality management, fish health, and system resilience under intensive culture conditions.
{"title":"Cleaner aquaculture through bioremediation: Using Bacillus probiotics to reduce nitrogenous waste and enhance fish welfare in intensive Labeo rohita culture","authors":"Suraj Kumar , Tanmoy Choudhury , Supratim Malla , Himadri Saha , Dibyendu Kamilya , Shivbhajan Chandravanshi , Prasenjit Pal","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the bioremediation efficiency and health-promoting potential of three <em>Bacillus</em> probiotics- <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> COFCAU_BSP3, <em>B. velezensis</em> COF_AHE01, and <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> COFCAU_P1- by assessing their ability to remove ammonia-N and nitrite-N from simulated pond water and their effects on welfare indicators in <em>Labeo rohita</em> cultured under a high-stocking, no-water-exchange system. Among the tested strains, <em>B. subtilis</em> COFCAU_BSP3 exhibited the highest nitrogen removal capability, achieving up-to 74.47 % ammonia-N and 41.01 % nitrite-N removal at 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL, and was therefore selected for subsequent <em>in vivo</em> evaluation. Tolerance assays indicated that this strain was resilient across a range of environmental conditions, performing optimally at pH 7.0 and 30 °C, and tolerating moderate levels of ammonia-N (up to 32 mg/L) and nitrite-N (optimal at 8 mg/L). Subsequently, a 30-day <em>in vivo</em> trial was conducted to assess the effects of <em>B. subtilis</em> COFCAU_BSP3 supplementation, administered at 10-day intervals, on <em>L. rohita</em> fingerlings. The probiotic treated group effectively reduced ammonia-N by 50 % and nitrite-N by 52.63 % while increasing nitrate-N levels by 1.9-fold, indicating enhanced nitrification. Treated fish showed improved innate immune responses (<em>p</em> < 0.05), including elevated superoxide anion, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, and antiprotease activities. Biochemical analysis revealed, reduced glucose levels and increased plasma protein and globulin concentrations in the blood. Additionally, gut enzymatic activity was enhanced, particularly protease (3.08 fold) and amylase (4.5 fold) activities. Gene expression analysis showed significant upregulation of <em>HSP70</em> (2.3 fold) and <em>TNF-α</em> (3 fold) on day 30, suggesting improved stress tolerance and immune activation. Overall, these findings highlight <em>B. subtilis</em> COFCAU_BSP3 as a promising water probiotic for sustainable aquaculture, offering potential benefits in water quality management, fish health, and system resilience under intensive culture conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106251
Zhengpeng Chen , Jieying Liu , Tingting Huang , Shu Gao , Tongshu Dong , Jiahao Chen , Yuxiang Lu , Shenglong Chen , Chengyuan Su
N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) is widely used as an effective solvent for various lithium battery cathode materials. In this study, a microbial electrolysis cell-anaerobic baffled reactor (MEC-ABR) was developed to investigate the performance of simultaneous removal of NMP and sulfate under varying NMP concentrations. The MEC-ABR system achieved an average sulfate removal of 88.13 %, significantly higher than the ABR control (78.64 %), and removal progressively increased across stages, indicating enhanced sulfate reduction via microbial electron transfer. In the first stage (NMP 1 mmol/L) and third stage (NMP 10 mmol/L), the removal rates of NMP by the MEC-ABR were about 20 % and 88 %, respectively. The NMP removal improved over time (MEC-ABR 88.96 %, ABR 90.73 %), but MEC did not significantly enhance NMP removal, attributed to oxygen-dependent NMP degradation and electron competition with methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Fluorescence 3D excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEM), sludge morphology, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses confirmed that MEC promoted secretion of electron-active proteins, enhanced electron generation and transfer, and improved sludge flocculation. Microbial and functional gene analyses revealed dominant methanogens (Methanothrix) and sulfate-reducing bacteria, increased expression of electron-generation (mdh) and electron-transfer (sdhA) genes, and voltage-stimulated amo/hao expression, facilitating NMP hydrolysis and nitrification. Overall, MEC enhanced system stability and sulfate reduction, while NMP removal remained limited by oxygen-dependent degradation and microbial electron competition. These findings provide mechanistic insights into MEC-ABR operation and offer guidance for optimizing lithium battery wastewater treatment.
n -甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）被广泛用作各种锂电池正极材料的有效溶剂。在本研究中，开发了一种微生物电解-厌氧折流板反应器（MEC-ABR），研究了在不同NMP浓度下同时去除NMP和硫酸盐的性能。MEC-ABR系统的硫酸盐平均去除率为88.13%，显著高于ABR对照（78.64%），并且在各个阶段的去除率逐渐增加，表明微生物电子转移增强了硫酸盐的还原。在第一阶段（NMP为1 mmol/L）和第三阶段（NMP为10 mmol/L）， MEC-ABR对NMP的去除率分别为20%和88%。随着时间的推移，NMP的去除率有所提高（MEC-ABR为88.96%，ABR为90.73%），但MEC对NMP的去除率没有显著提高，原因是NMP的氧依赖性降解以及与产甲烷菌和硫酸盐还原菌的电子竞争。荧光3D激发-发射矩阵光谱（EEM）、污泥形态、循环伏安法和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）分析证实，MEC促进了电子活性蛋白的分泌，增强了电子的产生和转移，改善了污泥的絮凝。微生物和功能基因分析显示，优势产甲烷菌（Methanothrix）和硫酸盐还原菌，电子产生（mdh）和电子转移（sdhA）基因的表达增加，以及电压刺激的amo/hao表达，促进了NMP的水解和硝化。总体而言，MEC增强了系统稳定性和硫酸盐还原，而NMP的去除仍然受到氧依赖降解和微生物电子竞争的限制。这些发现为MEC-ABR操作提供了机理见解，并为优化锂电池废水处理提供了指导。
{"title":"Performance, sulfate removal, and microbial response of anaerobic baffled reactors coupled with microbial electrochemical cells treating lithium battery wastewater containing N-methylpyrrolidone","authors":"Zhengpeng Chen , Jieying Liu , Tingting Huang , Shu Gao , Tongshu Dong , Jiahao Chen , Yuxiang Lu , Shenglong Chen , Chengyuan Su","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) is widely used as an effective solvent for various lithium battery cathode materials. In this study, a microbial electrolysis cell-anaerobic baffled reactor (MEC-ABR) was developed to investigate the performance of simultaneous removal of NMP and sulfate under varying NMP concentrations. The MEC-ABR system achieved an average sulfate removal of 88.13 %, significantly higher than the ABR control (78.64 %), and removal progressively increased across stages, indicating enhanced sulfate reduction via microbial electron transfer. In the first stage (NMP 1 mmol/L) and third stage (NMP 10 mmol/L), the removal rates of NMP by the MEC-ABR were about 20 % and 88 %, respectively. The NMP removal improved over time (MEC-ABR 88.96 %, ABR 90.73 %), but MEC did not significantly enhance NMP removal, attributed to oxygen-dependent NMP degradation and electron competition with methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Fluorescence 3D excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEM), sludge morphology, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses confirmed that MEC promoted secretion of electron-active proteins, enhanced electron generation and transfer, and improved sludge flocculation. Microbial and functional gene analyses revealed dominant methanogens (<em>Methanothrix</em>) and sulfate-reducing bacteria, increased expression of electron-generation (<em>mdh</em>) and electron-transfer (<em>sdhA</em>) genes, and voltage-stimulated <em>amo/hao</em> expression, facilitating NMP hydrolysis and nitrification. Overall, MEC enhanced system stability and sulfate reduction, while NMP removal remained limited by oxygen-dependent degradation and microbial electron competition. These findings provide mechanistic insights into MEC-ABR operation and offer guidance for optimizing lithium battery wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of triclosan (TCS), a widely distributed broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, on aryl sulfatase (ARS) activity in aquatic sediments were systematically investigated. Sediment samples from Versova Creek, Mumbai, were exposed to TCS concentrations of 0, 3, and 6 mg/kg over 28 days in a microcosm set-up. ARS activity increased in a concentration-dependent manner, rising by 37 % at 3 mg/kg and 20 % at 6 mg/kg on the final day (51.66 ± 1.36 and 45.18 ± 0.15 PNP g/hr, respectively) relative to the initial control value (37.65 ± 0.64 PNP g/hr). This activity was positively correlated with sulfur availability, demonstrating enhanced sulfur cycling under TCS exposure. Metagenomic analysis identified Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium, and Aeromonas species as dominant ARS producers, with microbial diversity impacted by TCS concentration. At lower concentrations, TCS stimulated ARS-producing bacteria, which may have implications for bioremediation, while higher concentrations inhibited heterotrophic bacterial growth. The findings highlighted the role of TCS in altering sediment microbial dynamics and biogeochemistry, indicating its potential impact on sediment nutrient cycles and microbial functions essential for ecosystem stability. These alterations underscore the importance of further research into pollutant-driven shifts in microbial and nutrient cycling, which could contribute towards the development of sustainable environmental management strategies, including effective bioremediation approaches.
{"title":"Triclosan-induced shifts in aryl sulfatase activity: Implications in aquatic sediments","authors":"Priya Varghese , Kundan Kumar , Saurav Kumar , S.P. Shukla , Sutanu Karmakar , Pritam Sarkar , Puja Rani Basak","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of triclosan (TCS), a widely distributed broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, on aryl sulfatase (ARS) activity in aquatic sediments were systematically investigated. Sediment samples from Versova Creek, Mumbai, were exposed to TCS concentrations of 0, 3, and 6 mg/kg over 28 days in a microcosm set-up. ARS activity increased in a concentration-dependent manner, rising by 37 % at 3 mg/kg and 20 % at 6 mg/kg on the final day (51.66 ± 1.36 and 45.18 ± 0.15 PNP g/hr, respectively) relative to the initial control value (37.65 ± 0.64 PNP g/hr). This activity was positively correlated with sulfur availability, demonstrating enhanced sulfur cycling under TCS exposure. Metagenomic analysis identified <em>Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium, and Aeromonas</em> species as dominant ARS producers, with microbial diversity impacted by TCS concentration. At lower concentrations, TCS stimulated ARS-producing bacteria, which may have implications for bioremediation, while higher concentrations inhibited heterotrophic bacterial growth. The findings highlighted the role of TCS in altering sediment microbial dynamics and biogeochemistry, indicating its potential impact on sediment nutrient cycles and microbial functions essential for ecosystem stability. These alterations underscore the importance of further research into pollutant-driven shifts in microbial and nutrient cycling, which could contribute towards the development of sustainable environmental management strategies, including effective bioremediation approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106247"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106249
Liping Zhang , Meitong Li , Shaolin Qiu , Xuening Fei , Lingyun Cao , Yuhong Xie , Xiaoqin Jin
PS, one of the most extensively used synthetic polymers, persists in terrestrial ecosystems owing to its high chemical stability and inherent resistance to degradation. Yet, the biological mechanisms for its degradation remain unclear. This study investigated the degradation of PS-MPs mediated by intestinal microorganisms from two earthworm species, Eisenia fetida and Perionyx guillelmi. An integrative approach combining SEM, GC-MS, and microbial diversity analysis was applied to characterize alterations, identify degradation intermediates, and assess gut microbial dynamics. The PS-MP content in soil decreased progressively, achieving degradation efficiencies of 2.33 % on day 7 and 56.67 % on day 28. Three bacterial strains, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella variicola, and Citrobacter portucalensis, exhibited PS degradation efficiencies of 2.33 %, 2.48 %, and 2.60 %, respectively. Collectively, our findings provide compelling evidence that the earthworm intestinal microbiota actively mediate the biodegradation of PS-MPs. These results elucidate a microbial biodegradation pathway and highlight earthworm microorganisms as promising biocatalysts for sustainable plastic bioremediation.
{"title":"Degradation of polystyrene microplastics mediated by intestinal microorganisms of earthworms and exploration of functional strain resources","authors":"Liping Zhang , Meitong Li , Shaolin Qiu , Xuening Fei , Lingyun Cao , Yuhong Xie , Xiaoqin Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PS, one of the most extensively used synthetic polymers, persists in terrestrial ecosystems owing to its high chemical stability and inherent resistance to degradation. Yet, the biological mechanisms for its degradation remain unclear. This study investigated the degradation of PS-MPs mediated by intestinal microorganisms from two earthworm species, <em>Eisenia fetida</em> and <em>Perionyx guillelmi</em>. An integrative approach combining SEM, GC-MS, and microbial diversity analysis was applied to characterize alterations, identify degradation intermediates, and assess gut microbial dynamics. The PS-MP content in soil decreased progressively, achieving degradation efficiencies of 2.33 % on day 7 and 56.67 % on day 28. Three bacterial strains<em>, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella variicola, and Citrobacter portucalensis</em>, exhibited PS degradation efficiencies of 2.33 %, 2.48 %, and 2.60 %, respectively. Collectively, our findings provide compelling evidence that the earthworm intestinal microbiota actively mediate the biodegradation of PS-MPs. These results elucidate a microbial biodegradation pathway and highlight earthworm microorganisms as promising biocatalysts for sustainable plastic bioremediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106250
Tarcisio Francisco de Camargo , Adriana Terumi Itako , Cristian Soldi , Magnos Alan Vivian , Juliana Aparecida Teixeira Stanck Bireahls , Camila Alves Corrêa , João Batista Tolentino Júnior , Alexsandro Bayestorff da Cunha
The objective of this study was to verify the antifungal activity of three essential oils and their efficiency as natural wood preservatives against the action of the rot fungi Trametes versicolor, Pycnoporus sanguineus, and Gloeophyllum trabeum. The essential oils, extracted by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus, were obtained from leaves of the plants Cymbopogon citratus, Cupressus lusitanica, and Drimys brasiliensis, collected in the region of Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The chemical composition of the essential oils, their in vitro antifungal activity, and subsequent preservative treatment of Pinus taeda test specimens were determined. Chemical analysis indicated a higher percentage of isobornyl acetate (22.8 %), bicyclogermacrene (16.0 %), and α-citral (44.9 %) in the essential oils of C. lusitanica, D. brasiliensis, and C. citratus, respectively. The results indicate that all essential oils have in vitro antifungal potential against the tested decay fungi. Preservative treatment with C. citratus essential oil provided greater protection to the wood, which was classified, after treatment, as highly resistant, with less mass loss caused by the white rot fungus T. versicolor.
{"title":"Antifungal activity of essential oils and their use as alternative wood preservatives against rot fungi","authors":"Tarcisio Francisco de Camargo , Adriana Terumi Itako , Cristian Soldi , Magnos Alan Vivian , Juliana Aparecida Teixeira Stanck Bireahls , Camila Alves Corrêa , João Batista Tolentino Júnior , Alexsandro Bayestorff da Cunha","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to verify the antifungal activity of three essential oils and their efficiency as natural wood preservatives against the action of the rot fungi <em>Trametes versicolor</em>, <em>Pycnoporus sanguineus</em>, and <em>Gloeophyllum trabeum</em>. The essential oils, extracted by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus, were obtained from leaves of the plants <em>Cymbopogon citratus</em>, <em>Cupressus lusitanica</em>, and <em>Drimys brasiliensis</em>, collected in the region of Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The chemical composition of the essential oils, their <em>in vitro</em> antifungal activity, and subsequent preservative treatment of <em>Pinus taeda</em> test specimens were determined. Chemical analysis indicated a higher percentage of isobornyl acetate (22.8 %), bicyclogermacrene (16.0 %), and α-citral (44.9 %) in the essential oils of <em>C. lusitanica</em>, <em>D. brasiliensis</em>, and <em>C. citratus</em>, respectively. The results indicate that all essential oils have <em>in vitro</em> antifungal potential against the tested decay fungi. Preservative treatment with <em>C. citratus</em> essential oil provided greater protection to the wood, which was classified, after treatment, as highly resistant, with less mass loss caused by the white rot fungus <em>T. versicolor</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106246
Anna Wawrzyk , Natalia Pydyn , Dorota Rybitwa , Nel Jastrzębiowska , Lilianna Szyk-Warszyńska , Małgorzata Zimowska , Jacek Gurgul , Dagmara Zeljaś , Filip Bielec
The objective of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of ethanol mist enriched with penicillin and/or streptomycin and to examine its effects on the surface properties of model and historical textile materials from the collections of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (ABSM) in Oświęcim (Poland). Bacillus bacteria, which inhabited historical textile objects in the ABSM, were inoculated onto samples of textiles. Then, penicillin and/or streptomycin suspended in water or ethanol were applied in the form of mist. Sensitivity of the bacterial strains to the antibiotics was tested with disk diffusion (vegetative forms) and agar imprint (spores) methods. After that, surface alterations were analysed using SEM, confocal microscopy and XPS techniques. Even though initial effectiveness of presented disinfection method was observed, both for cells and spores, it resulted only in a temporary inhibition of the growth of tested bacteria. Importantly, subsequent analyses revealed that this treatment did not induce any detectable alterations in the surface morphology or chemistry of the textile materials. The developed method of applying antibiotics together with ethanol mist to increase effectiveness of ethanol against spore-forming bacteria is non-destructive and preserves the original structural and chemical integrity of historical fabric. However, the method has a biostatic effect on spore-forming Bacillus, not biocidal, so the addition of tested antibiotics does not allow the desired effect to be achieved. Nevertheless, ethanol in the form of mist without additives is biocidally effective against a wide range of microorganisms.
{"title":"Penicillin and streptomycin in ethanol mist against spore-forming Bacillus bacteria isolated from surfaces of historical objects","authors":"Anna Wawrzyk , Natalia Pydyn , Dorota Rybitwa , Nel Jastrzębiowska , Lilianna Szyk-Warszyńska , Małgorzata Zimowska , Jacek Gurgul , Dagmara Zeljaś , Filip Bielec","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of ethanol mist enriched with penicillin and/or streptomycin and to examine its effects on the surface properties of model and historical textile materials from the collections of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (ABSM) in Oświęcim (Poland). <em>Bacillus</em> bacteria, which inhabited historical textile objects in the ABSM, were inoculated onto samples of textiles. Then, penicillin and/or streptomycin suspended in water or ethanol were applied in the form of mist. Sensitivity of the bacterial strains to the antibiotics was tested with disk diffusion (vegetative forms) and agar imprint (spores) methods. After that, surface alterations were analysed using SEM, confocal microscopy and XPS techniques. Even though initial effectiveness of presented disinfection method was observed, both for cells and spores, it resulted only in a temporary inhibition of the growth of tested bacteria. Importantly, subsequent analyses revealed that this treatment did not induce any detectable alterations in the surface morphology or chemistry of the textile materials. The developed method of applying antibiotics together with ethanol mist to increase effectiveness of ethanol against spore-forming bacteria is non-destructive and preserves the original structural and chemical integrity of historical fabric. However, the method has a biostatic effect on spore-forming <em>Bacillus</em>, not biocidal, so the addition of tested antibiotics does not allow the desired effect to be achieved. Nevertheless, ethanol in the form of mist without additives is biocidally effective against a wide range of microorganisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efficient nitrogen (N) removal from low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio wastewater remains a major challenge. This study evaluates the effect of sludge amendment [anaerobic (AnS) or activated sludge (AS)] on the long-term (227 days) performance of biochar-integrated vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) for the treatment of simulated low COD/N ratio (3.6 and 2) wastewater. TN removal efficiencies ranged from 30.59 to 94.97% in Phase I and 50.62–90.97% in Phase II, with the maximum removal observed in AS-inoculated CWs. Sludge addition enhanced N removal, with 26.77–50.96% of N remaining unaccounted, likely reflecting microbial transformations, gaseous emissions and other N losses. The 16S rRNA sequencing based metabarcoding approach revealed the enrichment of anammox bacteria (Candidatus Kuenenia), particularly in AS (0.016–0.021%) added CWs. The coexistence of nitrifiers (Nitrosospira, Nitrospira), heterotrophic and aerobic denitrifiers (Pseudomonas, Thauera, Bacillus), nitrate reducing bacteria (Clostridium, Enterobacter) and sulfur oxidizing bacteria (Halothiobacillus, Thiobacillus, Thiothrix) in treatment layer (sand + biochar) reflects the interplay of multiple N transformation processes in the VFCWs. Biochar facilitated microbial colonization and enhanced redox stratification, thereby supporting these processes. Overall, sludge augmentation in biochar integrated VFCWs significantly improved N removal and altered dominant N transformation pathways, offering valuable insights for optimizing CWs treating low C/N ratio wastewater.
{"title":"Long-term nitrogen removal through sludge augmentation in biochar-based constructed wetlands treating low C/N ratio wastewater","authors":"Deepti Negi , Punyasloke Bhadury , Achlesh Daverey","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient nitrogen (N) removal from low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio wastewater remains a major challenge. This study evaluates the effect of sludge amendment [anaerobic (AnS) or activated sludge (AS)] on the long-term (227 days) performance of biochar-integrated vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) for the treatment of simulated low COD/N ratio (3.6 and 2) wastewater. TN removal efficiencies ranged from 30.59 to 94.97% in Phase I and 50.62–90.97% in Phase II, with the maximum removal observed in AS-inoculated CWs. Sludge addition enhanced N removal, with 26.77–50.96% of N remaining unaccounted, likely reflecting microbial transformations, gaseous emissions and other N losses. The 16S rRNA sequencing based metabarcoding approach revealed the enrichment of anammox bacteria (<em>Candidatus Ku</em><em>e</em><em>nenia</em>), particularly in AS (0.016–0.021%) added CWs. The coexistence of nitrifiers (<em>Nitrosospira</em>, <em>Nitrospira</em>), heterotrophic and aerobic denitrifiers (<em>Pseudomonas, Thauera, Bacillus</em>), nitrate reducing bacteria (<em>Clostridium, Enterobacter</em>) and sulfur oxidizing bacteria (<em>Halothiobacillus, Thiobacillus, Thiothrix</em>) in treatment layer (sand + biochar) reflects the interplay of multiple N transformation processes in the VFCWs. Biochar facilitated microbial colonization and enhanced redox stratification, thereby supporting these processes. Overall, sludge augmentation in biochar integrated VFCWs significantly improved N removal and altered dominant N transformation pathways, offering valuable insights for optimizing CWs treating low C/N ratio wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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