Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106250
Tarcisio Francisco de Camargo , Adriana Terumi Itako , Cristian Soldi , Magnos Alan Vivian , Juliana Aparecida Teixeira Stanck Bireahls , Camila Alves Corrêa , João Batista Tolentino Júnior , Alexsandro Bayestorff da Cunha
The objective of this study was to verify the antifungal activity of three essential oils and their efficiency as natural wood preservatives against the action of the rot fungi Trametes versicolor, Pycnoporus sanguineus, and Gloeophyllum trabeum. The essential oils, extracted by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus, were obtained from leaves of the plants Cymbopogon citratus, Cupressus lusitanica, and Drimys brasiliensis, collected in the region of Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The chemical composition of the essential oils, their in vitro antifungal activity, and subsequent preservative treatment of Pinus taeda test specimens were determined. Chemical analysis indicated a higher percentage of isobornyl acetate (22.8 %), bicyclogermacrene (16.0 %), and α-citral (44.9 %) in the essential oils of C. lusitanica, D. brasiliensis, and C. citratus, respectively. The results indicate that all essential oils have in vitro antifungal potential against the tested decay fungi. Preservative treatment with C. citratus essential oil provided greater protection to the wood, which was classified, after treatment, as highly resistant, with less mass loss caused by the white rot fungus T. versicolor.
{"title":"Antifungal activity of essential oils and their use as alternative wood preservatives against rot fungi","authors":"Tarcisio Francisco de Camargo , Adriana Terumi Itako , Cristian Soldi , Magnos Alan Vivian , Juliana Aparecida Teixeira Stanck Bireahls , Camila Alves Corrêa , João Batista Tolentino Júnior , Alexsandro Bayestorff da Cunha","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to verify the antifungal activity of three essential oils and their efficiency as natural wood preservatives against the action of the rot fungi <em>Trametes versicolor</em>, <em>Pycnoporus sanguineus</em>, and <em>Gloeophyllum trabeum</em>. The essential oils, extracted by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus, were obtained from leaves of the plants <em>Cymbopogon citratus</em>, <em>Cupressus lusitanica</em>, and <em>Drimys brasiliensis</em>, collected in the region of Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The chemical composition of the essential oils, their <em>in vitro</em> antifungal activity, and subsequent preservative treatment of <em>Pinus taeda</em> test specimens were determined. Chemical analysis indicated a higher percentage of isobornyl acetate (22.8 %), bicyclogermacrene (16.0 %), and α-citral (44.9 %) in the essential oils of <em>C. lusitanica</em>, <em>D. brasiliensis</em>, and <em>C. citratus</em>, respectively. The results indicate that all essential oils have <em>in vitro</em> antifungal potential against the tested decay fungi. Preservative treatment with <em>C. citratus</em> essential oil provided greater protection to the wood, which was classified, after treatment, as highly resistant, with less mass loss caused by the white rot fungus <em>T. versicolor</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106246
Anna Wawrzyk , Natalia Pydyn , Dorota Rybitwa , Nel Jastrzębiowska , Lilianna Szyk-Warszyńska , Małgorzata Zimowska , Jacek Gurgul , Dagmara Zeljaś , Filip Bielec
The objective of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of ethanol mist enriched with penicillin and/or streptomycin and to examine its effects on the surface properties of model and historical textile materials from the collections of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (ABSM) in Oświęcim (Poland). Bacillus bacteria, which inhabited historical textile objects in the ABSM, were inoculated onto samples of textiles. Then, penicillin and/or streptomycin suspended in water or ethanol were applied in the form of mist. Sensitivity of the bacterial strains to the antibiotics was tested with disk diffusion (vegetative forms) and agar imprint (spores) methods. After that, surface alterations were analysed using SEM, confocal microscopy and XPS techniques. Even though initial effectiveness of presented disinfection method was observed, both for cells and spores, it resulted only in a temporary inhibition of the growth of tested bacteria. Importantly, subsequent analyses revealed that this treatment did not induce any detectable alterations in the surface morphology or chemistry of the textile materials. The developed method of applying antibiotics together with ethanol mist to increase effectiveness of ethanol against spore-forming bacteria is non-destructive and preserves the original structural and chemical integrity of historical fabric. However, the method has a biostatic effect on spore-forming Bacillus, not biocidal, so the addition of tested antibiotics does not allow the desired effect to be achieved. Nevertheless, ethanol in the form of mist without additives is biocidally effective against a wide range of microorganisms.
{"title":"Penicillin and streptomycin in ethanol mist against spore-forming Bacillus bacteria isolated from surfaces of historical objects","authors":"Anna Wawrzyk , Natalia Pydyn , Dorota Rybitwa , Nel Jastrzębiowska , Lilianna Szyk-Warszyńska , Małgorzata Zimowska , Jacek Gurgul , Dagmara Zeljaś , Filip Bielec","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of ethanol mist enriched with penicillin and/or streptomycin and to examine its effects on the surface properties of model and historical textile materials from the collections of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (ABSM) in Oświęcim (Poland). <em>Bacillus</em> bacteria, which inhabited historical textile objects in the ABSM, were inoculated onto samples of textiles. Then, penicillin and/or streptomycin suspended in water or ethanol were applied in the form of mist. Sensitivity of the bacterial strains to the antibiotics was tested with disk diffusion (vegetative forms) and agar imprint (spores) methods. After that, surface alterations were analysed using SEM, confocal microscopy and XPS techniques. Even though initial effectiveness of presented disinfection method was observed, both for cells and spores, it resulted only in a temporary inhibition of the growth of tested bacteria. Importantly, subsequent analyses revealed that this treatment did not induce any detectable alterations in the surface morphology or chemistry of the textile materials. The developed method of applying antibiotics together with ethanol mist to increase effectiveness of ethanol against spore-forming bacteria is non-destructive and preserves the original structural and chemical integrity of historical fabric. However, the method has a biostatic effect on spore-forming <em>Bacillus</em>, not biocidal, so the addition of tested antibiotics does not allow the desired effect to be achieved. Nevertheless, ethanol in the form of mist without additives is biocidally effective against a wide range of microorganisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efficient nitrogen (N) removal from low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio wastewater remains a major challenge. This study evaluates the effect of sludge amendment [anaerobic (AnS) or activated sludge (AS)] on the long-term (227 days) performance of biochar-integrated vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) for the treatment of simulated low COD/N ratio (3.6 and 2) wastewater. TN removal efficiencies ranged from 30.59 to 94.97% in Phase I and 50.62–90.97% in Phase II, with the maximum removal observed in AS-inoculated CWs. Sludge addition enhanced N removal, with 26.77–50.96% of N remaining unaccounted, likely reflecting microbial transformations, gaseous emissions and other N losses. The 16S rRNA sequencing based metabarcoding approach revealed the enrichment of anammox bacteria (Candidatus Kuenenia), particularly in AS (0.016–0.021%) added CWs. The coexistence of nitrifiers (Nitrosospira, Nitrospira), heterotrophic and aerobic denitrifiers (Pseudomonas, Thauera, Bacillus), nitrate reducing bacteria (Clostridium, Enterobacter) and sulfur oxidizing bacteria (Halothiobacillus, Thiobacillus, Thiothrix) in treatment layer (sand + biochar) reflects the interplay of multiple N transformation processes in the VFCWs. Biochar facilitated microbial colonization and enhanced redox stratification, thereby supporting these processes. Overall, sludge augmentation in biochar integrated VFCWs significantly improved N removal and altered dominant N transformation pathways, offering valuable insights for optimizing CWs treating low C/N ratio wastewater.
{"title":"Long-term nitrogen removal through sludge augmentation in biochar-based constructed wetlands treating low C/N ratio wastewater","authors":"Deepti Negi , Punyasloke Bhadury , Achlesh Daverey","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient nitrogen (N) removal from low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio wastewater remains a major challenge. This study evaluates the effect of sludge amendment [anaerobic (AnS) or activated sludge (AS)] on the long-term (227 days) performance of biochar-integrated vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) for the treatment of simulated low COD/N ratio (3.6 and 2) wastewater. TN removal efficiencies ranged from 30.59 to 94.97% in Phase I and 50.62–90.97% in Phase II, with the maximum removal observed in AS-inoculated CWs. Sludge addition enhanced N removal, with 26.77–50.96% of N remaining unaccounted, likely reflecting microbial transformations, gaseous emissions and other N losses. The 16S rRNA sequencing based metabarcoding approach revealed the enrichment of anammox bacteria (<em>Candidatus Ku</em><em>e</em><em>nenia</em>), particularly in AS (0.016–0.021%) added CWs. The coexistence of nitrifiers (<em>Nitrosospira</em>, <em>Nitrospira</em>), heterotrophic and aerobic denitrifiers (<em>Pseudomonas, Thauera, Bacillus</em>), nitrate reducing bacteria (<em>Clostridium, Enterobacter</em>) and sulfur oxidizing bacteria (<em>Halothiobacillus, Thiobacillus, Thiothrix</em>) in treatment layer (sand + biochar) reflects the interplay of multiple N transformation processes in the VFCWs. Biochar facilitated microbial colonization and enhanced redox stratification, thereby supporting these processes. Overall, sludge augmentation in biochar integrated VFCWs significantly improved N removal and altered dominant N transformation pathways, offering valuable insights for optimizing CWs treating low C/N ratio wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106242
Yingte Li , Dingxun Ma , Minggang Liu , Yizhou Tu , Hongbin Chen , Xianchun Tang
This study employed synergistic ultrasound and zero-valent iron (ZVI) pretreatment to enhance waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic fermentation. Using response surface methodology (RSM) to systematically optimize the ultrasonic power, ultrasound time, and ZVI dosage, aiming to determine the optimal synergistic pretreatment conditions for enhancing subsequent anaerobic fermentation. The results indicated that pretreatment reduced the particle size of WAS, increased fractal dimension and zeta potential absolute value, and resulted in a higher specific surface area, promoting electrostatic repulsion, system stability, and microbial growth. Alpha diversity increased (as reflected by the Chao index), and functional microbiota involved in hydrolysis and acidification, such as Actinomycetota and Bacteroidota, were further enriched. Further confirmation through three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) spectroscopy and molecular weight distribution analysis of dissolved organic matter revealed that the synergistic pretreatment significantly enhanced sludge hydrolysis efficiency and released substantial biodegradable components, with a higher biological index (BIX) and lower humification index (HIX). Specific analysis demonstrated that a maximum soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) concentration of 1632.99 mg/L in the pretreated supernatant was achieved at an ultrasonic power of 1.86 W/mL, an ultrasound time of 14.10 min, and a ZVI dosage of 0.38 g/L. Furthermore, the maximum volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production (1722.65 mg COD/L) during the fermentation period was attained at an ultrasonic power of 1.78 W/mL, an ultrasound time of 14.48 min, and a ZVI dosage of 0.38 g/L. Benefit analysis suggests that this optimized process demonstrates promising application potential, offering an efficient and cost-effective strategy for sludge resource recovery.
{"title":"Synergistic ultrasound and zero-valent iron pretreatment for enhanced waste activated sludge anaerobic fermentation: Mechanism elucidation, process optimization, and benefit analysis","authors":"Yingte Li , Dingxun Ma , Minggang Liu , Yizhou Tu , Hongbin Chen , Xianchun Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed synergistic ultrasound and zero-valent iron (ZVI) pretreatment to enhance waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic fermentation. Using response surface methodology (RSM) to systematically optimize the ultrasonic power, ultrasound time, and ZVI dosage, aiming to determine the optimal synergistic pretreatment conditions for enhancing subsequent anaerobic fermentation. The results indicated that pretreatment reduced the particle size of WAS, increased fractal dimension and zeta potential absolute value, and resulted in a higher specific surface area, promoting electrostatic repulsion, system stability, and microbial growth. Alpha diversity increased (as reflected by the Chao index), and functional microbiota involved in hydrolysis and acidification, such as Actinomycetota and Bacteroidota, were further enriched. Further confirmation through three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) spectroscopy and molecular weight distribution analysis of dissolved organic matter revealed that the synergistic pretreatment significantly enhanced sludge hydrolysis efficiency and released substantial biodegradable components, with a higher biological index (BIX) and lower humification index (HIX). Specific analysis demonstrated that a maximum soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) concentration of 1632.99 mg/L in the pretreated supernatant was achieved at an ultrasonic power of 1.86 W/mL, an ultrasound time of 14.10 min, and a ZVI dosage of 0.38 g/L. Furthermore, the maximum volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production (1722.65 mg COD/L) during the fermentation period was attained at an ultrasonic power of 1.78 W/mL, an ultrasound time of 14.48 min, and a ZVI dosage of 0.38 g/L. Benefit analysis suggests that this optimized process demonstrates promising application potential, offering an efficient and cost-effective strategy for sludge resource recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106242"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106241
Jia Zhou , Weilong Xu , Zhanbo Xu , Sihan Liu , Yifan Liu , Leizhen Zhao , Shuai Zhao , Jianhang Qu , Bingjie Ni
Quorum sensing (QS) is a promising strategy to positively regulate the physiochemical properties of microbiota and consequently enhance the performance of biofilm reactor, however, its role in strengthening microbial biofilms against chloramphenicol (CAP) stress has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, an N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs)-mediated QS signaling molecule, N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), was supplemented into a biological contact oxidation reactor (BCOR) to evaluate its effect on reactor performance and microbial community under CAP shock conditions. When the influent CAP concentration increased from 20 to 50 mg/L, the addition of 0.1 μM C6-HSL enhanced the CAP removal efficiency from 84 % to 94 % in the BCOR. Meanwhile, the C6-HSL supplementation markedly stimulated the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), particularly leading to a twofold increase in polysaccharide (PS) content, which played a vital role in maintaining biofilm stability and improving tolerance to CAP stress. Metagenomic analysis further revealed that C6-HSL supplementation enriched Sphingopyxis, Hydrogenophaga, Sphingobium, the major CAP-degrading genera harboring the capO gene edcoding CAP oxidoreductase, and upregulated QS-related functional genes involved in microbial communication. These findings demonstrate that QS regulation can effectively reinforce pollutant removal under antibiotic stress, offering a potential strategy for engineering robust microbial consortia in antibiotic-contaminated wastewater treatment systems.
{"title":"Enhancement of microbial biofilms against chloramphenicol stress by AHL-driven quorum sensing","authors":"Jia Zhou , Weilong Xu , Zhanbo Xu , Sihan Liu , Yifan Liu , Leizhen Zhao , Shuai Zhao , Jianhang Qu , Bingjie Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quorum sensing (QS) is a promising strategy to positively regulate the physiochemical properties of microbiota and consequently enhance the performance of biofilm reactor, however, its role in strengthening microbial biofilms against chloramphenicol (CAP) stress has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, an N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs)-mediated QS signaling molecule, N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), was supplemented into a biological contact oxidation reactor (BCOR) to evaluate its effect on reactor performance and microbial community under CAP shock conditions. When the influent CAP concentration increased from 20 to 50 mg/L, the addition of 0.1 μM C6-HSL enhanced the CAP removal efficiency from 84 % to 94 % in the BCOR. Meanwhile, the C6-HSL supplementation markedly stimulated the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), particularly leading to a twofold increase in polysaccharide (PS) content, which played a vital role in maintaining biofilm stability and improving tolerance to CAP stress. Metagenomic analysis further revealed that C6-HSL supplementation enriched <em>Sphingopyxis</em>, <em>Hydrogenophaga, Sphingobium,</em> the major CAP-degrading genera harboring the <em>capO</em> gene edcoding CAP oxidoreductase, and upregulated QS-related functional genes involved in microbial communication. These findings demonstrate that QS regulation can effectively reinforce pollutant removal under antibiotic stress, offering a potential strategy for engineering robust microbial consortia in antibiotic-contaminated wastewater treatment systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106245
Jiankun Wang , Yumeng Fu , Jin Wu , Jin Li , Xiaoling Wang
Biofilm detachment under fluid shear stress is a critical yet poorly understood phenomenon in biomedical and environmental systems. This study develops a 2D biofilm detachment model using IB2d within the Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) framework. By discretizing the biofilm into small units composed of elastic elements and connecting them through elastic/viscoelastic components in our 2D simulations, we dynamically model fluid-structure interactions. The strain threshold fracture criterion was experimentally calibrated and used to simulate biofilm detachment. Numerical simulations in straight microchannels reveal the existence of a critical detachment modulus in elastic biofilm systems within our model, which varies depending on the initial biofilm configuration. Specifically, the critical detachment modulus of semi-circular biofilms is lower than that of rectangular biofilms, while biofilms with parallel units exhibit a lower critical detachment modulus compared to those with randomly distributed units in our setup. Mechanical analysis further demonstrates that the parallel arrangement of units optimizes the stress transmission pathway, enhancing biofilm structural integrity in flow fields within our 2D simulations. Fluid dynamics studies indicate that fluid shear forces play a decisive role in biofilm structural disruption, with complete detachment occurring within seconds at high flow rates (e.g., 97 % detachment within 3 s at uMax = 1 × 10−3 m/s). Viscoelastic analysis reveals that low-viscosity biofilms fail to effectively aggregate units, whereas high-viscosity biofilms behave similarly to those with elastic unit connections in our 2D model. This work bridges micro-mechanics and macro-detachment behavior in a two-dimensional context, offering a predictive tool for biofilm management strategies.
{"title":"Hydrodynamic modelling of biofilm detachment via the Immersed Boundary Method","authors":"Jiankun Wang , Yumeng Fu , Jin Wu , Jin Li , Xiaoling Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofilm detachment under fluid shear stress is a critical yet poorly understood phenomenon in biomedical and environmental systems. This study develops a 2D biofilm detachment model using IB2d within the Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) framework. By discretizing the biofilm into small units composed of elastic elements and connecting them through elastic/viscoelastic components in our 2D simulations, we dynamically model fluid-structure interactions. The strain threshold fracture criterion was experimentally calibrated and used to simulate biofilm detachment. Numerical simulations in straight microchannels reveal the existence of a critical detachment modulus in elastic biofilm systems within our model, which varies depending on the initial biofilm configuration. Specifically, the critical detachment modulus of semi-circular biofilms is lower than that of rectangular biofilms, while biofilms with parallel units exhibit a lower critical detachment modulus compared to those with randomly distributed units in our setup. Mechanical analysis further demonstrates that the parallel arrangement of units optimizes the stress transmission pathway, enhancing biofilm structural integrity in flow fields within our 2D simulations. Fluid dynamics studies indicate that fluid shear forces play a decisive role in biofilm structural disruption, with complete detachment occurring within seconds at high flow rates (e.g., 97 % detachment within 3 s at <em>u</em><sub><em>Max</em></sub> = 1 × 10<sup>−3</sup> m/s). Viscoelastic analysis reveals that low-viscosity biofilms fail to effectively aggregate units, whereas high-viscosity biofilms behave similarly to those with elastic unit connections in our 2D model. This work bridges micro-mechanics and macro-detachment behavior in a two-dimensional context, offering a predictive tool for biofilm management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106245"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106243
Zhimin Zhou , Shuzhuang Wu , Junchao Huang , Yuxin Chen , Yongpeng Li , Baobao Cai , Pengkang Yan , Dionisio Zaldivar-Silva , Shaojie Liu , Weiyi Lv , Bangxiao Zheng
Antibiotics increasingly occur at urban root–soil–water interfaces, yet the proximate chemical driver of any in-situ dissipation remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that phenolic root exudates establish laccase-like oxidative conditions that selectively shorten the persistence of phenolic or anilinic antibiotics. Using planted microcosms spanning a gradient in exudate phenolics, paired with complementary exudate assays with copper chelation and dephenolization, we quantified H2O2-free oxidative activity and first-order decay of tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and a recalcitrant comparator, carbamazepine. High-phenolic rhizospheres produced the strongest extracellular oxidation and yielded two-to fourfold shorter half-lives for tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole, whereas carbamazepine was unchanged. Across treatments, oxidative activity was strongly and inversely associated with half-life for the phenolic or anilinic antibiotics and a structural model linked phenolic exudation to oxidation and then to antibiotic persistence, explaining 76 % of the variance, while the same conditions coincided with lower abundances of resistance markers and higher bacterial evenness after two weeks. These findings verify the laccase-like rhizosphere mechanism and identify exudate chemistry as a practical lever for selective antibiotic dissipation and risk reduction in urban green infrastructures.
{"title":"Rhizosphere phenolics by urban plants drive laccase-like oxidative conditions and selective degradation of phenolic/anilinic antibiotics","authors":"Zhimin Zhou , Shuzhuang Wu , Junchao Huang , Yuxin Chen , Yongpeng Li , Baobao Cai , Pengkang Yan , Dionisio Zaldivar-Silva , Shaojie Liu , Weiyi Lv , Bangxiao Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotics increasingly occur at urban root–soil–water interfaces, yet the proximate chemical driver of any in-situ dissipation remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that phenolic root exudates establish laccase-like oxidative conditions that selectively shorten the persistence of phenolic or anilinic antibiotics. Using planted microcosms spanning a gradient in exudate phenolics, paired with complementary exudate assays with copper chelation and dephenolization, we quantified H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-free oxidative activity and first-order decay of tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and a recalcitrant comparator, carbamazepine. High-phenolic rhizospheres produced the strongest extracellular oxidation and yielded two-to fourfold shorter half-lives for tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole, whereas carbamazepine was unchanged. Across treatments, oxidative activity was strongly and inversely associated with half-life for the phenolic or anilinic antibiotics and a structural model linked phenolic exudation to oxidation and then to antibiotic persistence, explaining 76 % of the variance, while the same conditions coincided with lower abundances of resistance markers and higher bacterial evenness after two weeks. These findings verify the laccase-like rhizosphere mechanism and identify exudate chemistry as a practical lever for selective antibiotic dissipation and risk reduction in urban green infrastructures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106243"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106231
Guiling Zheng , Xiaoxia Hao , Binyan Hong , Dongmei Jiang , Hongxi Qian , Lin Bai
Against the backdrop of increasing concern regarding nitrogen (N) loss and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock operations, this study evaluated the efficacy of an integrated thermophilic-vermicomposting system for the treatment of pig manure. Compared with conventional thermophilic composting (AC) and single vermicomposting (V), the combined thermophilic–vermicomposting (CV) approach markedly improved compost quality. Specifically, total nitrogen (TN), germination index (GI), and humification index (HIX) increased by 27 % and 7 %, 44 % and 26 %, and 51 % and 17 %, respectively. It also promoted the abundance of functional genes involved in nitrification (amoA, amoB), denitrification (nirS, etc.), and carbon cycling (pccA, etc.). Furthermore, the CV process significantly increased ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) contents by 58.96 % and 1476 %, respectively, compared with AC, while effectively reducing carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and ammonia (NH3) emissions. These findings demonstrate that integrated thermophilic-vermicomposting is a promising strategy for sustainable livestock waste management, simultaneously improving compost maturity and reducing environmental impacts.
{"title":"Thermophilic-vermicomposting enhances nitrogen retention and reduces greenhouse gas emissions via microbial gene regulation","authors":"Guiling Zheng , Xiaoxia Hao , Binyan Hong , Dongmei Jiang , Hongxi Qian , Lin Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Against the backdrop of increasing concern regarding nitrogen (N) loss and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock operations, this study evaluated the efficacy of an integrated thermophilic-vermicomposting system for the treatment of pig manure. Compared with conventional thermophilic composting (AC) and single vermicomposting (V), the combined thermophilic–vermicomposting (CV) approach markedly improved compost quality. Specifically, total nitrogen (TN), germination index (GI), and humification index (HIX) increased by 27 % and 7 %, 44 % and 26 %, and 51 % and 17 %, respectively. It also promoted the abundance of functional genes involved in nitrification (<em>amo</em>A, <em>amo</em>B), denitrification (<em>nir</em>S, etc.), and carbon cycling (<em>pcc</em>A, etc.). Furthermore, the CV process significantly increased ammonium nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N) contents by 58.96 % and 1476 %, respectively, compared with AC, while effectively reducing carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), and ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) emissions. These findings demonstrate that integrated thermophilic-vermicomposting is a promising strategy for sustainable livestock waste management, simultaneously improving compost maturity and reducing environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106230
Reihaneh Moridshahi, Zahra Etemadifar
Cephalexin (CPX), a β-lactam antibiotic, is considered an emerging pollutant due to its incomplete removal in conventional treatment systems and its contribution to antimicrobial resistance. This study investigated a novel indigenous strain, Bacillus wiedmannii RM5, isolated from municipal activated sludge, which efficiently degraded CPX. Under optimized conditions (pH 6.5, 50 mg/L initial CPX, 60 h incubation), strain RM5 achieved 95.5 % CPX removal, as determined using OFAT and Box–Behnken design with RSM. The ddition of glucose significantly enhanced co-metabolism, leading to complete degradation within 36 h. The strain exhibited stable performance across a pH range of 6–9, temperatures of 30–45 °C, and CPX concentrations up to 400 mg/L, indicating its potential for application under real-world environmental conditions. LC–MS/MS analysis identified 13 intermediates, suggesting two concurrent enzymatic degradation pathways. These pathways involve β-lactamase-mediated ring cleavage, hydrolysis, and oxidation catalyzed by hydrolases and oxidases, leading to non-toxic mineral end products. MIC and MTT bioassays showed that, unlike untreated CPX, its degraded metabolites exhibited no antibacterial or cytotoxic activity. Bacillus wiedmannii RM5 effectively degraded CPX, amoxicillin (AMX), and ampicillin (AMP) simultaneously across diverse environmental conditions, showcasing its broad-spectrum biodegradation potential. These findings highlight Bacillus wiedmannii RM5 as a promising, safe, and effective bioremediation agent for removing β-lactam antibiotics from wastewater, offering a practical strategy to reduce pharmaceutical pollution and antibiotic resistance.
{"title":"Biodegradation and detoxification of cephalexin by Bacillus wiedmannii RM5: Pathways, optimization, and safety assessment","authors":"Reihaneh Moridshahi, Zahra Etemadifar","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cephalexin (CPX), a β-lactam antibiotic, is considered an emerging pollutant due to its incomplete removal in conventional treatment systems and its contribution to antimicrobial resistance. This study investigated a novel indigenous strain, <em>Bacillus wiedmannii RM5</em>, isolated from municipal activated sludge, which efficiently degraded CPX. Under optimized conditions (pH 6.5, 50 mg/L initial CPX, 60 h incubation), strain RM5 achieved 95.5 % CPX removal, as determined using OFAT and Box–Behnken design with RSM. The ddition of glucose significantly enhanced co-metabolism, leading to complete degradation within 36 h. The strain exhibited stable performance across a pH range of 6–9, temperatures of 30–45 °C, and CPX concentrations up to 400 mg/L, indicating its potential for application under real-world environmental conditions. LC–MS/MS analysis <strong>identified</strong> 13 intermediates, <strong>suggesting</strong> two concurrent enzymatic degradation pathways. These pathways involve β-lactamase-mediated ring cleavage, hydrolysis, and oxidation catalyzed by hydrolases and oxidases, leading to non-toxic mineral end products. MIC and MTT bioassays showed that, unlike untreated CPX, its degraded metabolites exhibited no antibacterial or cytotoxic activity. <em>Bacillus wiedmannii RM5</em> effectively degraded CPX, amoxicillin (AMX), and ampicillin (AMP) simultaneously across diverse environmental conditions, showcasing its broad-spectrum biodegradation <strong>potential</strong>. These findings highlight <em>Bacillus wiedmannii RM5</em> as a promising, safe, and effective bioremediation agent for removing β-lactam antibiotics from wastewater, offering a <strong>practical</strong> strategy to reduce pharmaceutical pollution and antibiotic resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145359648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106229
Hanqing Pan , Jia Shi , Dan Xu , Jingwei Wang , Qiao Ma
p-Chloro-m-xylenol (PCMX), a halogenated phenolic antimicrobial agent, has gained global prominence in disinfectants and personal care products. This review synthesizes current knowledge on PCMX's environmental occurrence, ecological impacts, and microbial transformation mechanisms. Environmental monitoring reveals pervasive contamination (ng/L to mg/L) across wastewater systems and surface waters, with seasonal and regional variability linked to consumption patterns and treatment inefficiencies. Ecotoxicological assessments demonstrate acute toxicity to aquatic organisms and chronic effects, such as developmental abnormalities, endocrine disruption, and neurobehavioral impairments. Emerging evidence highlights PCMX's role in promoting antibiotic resistance gene dissemination via enhanced horizontal gene transfer. Critically, microbial degradation studies identify Rhodococcus species as key degraders, employing pathways involving dechlorination to 2,6-dimethylhydroquinone or hydroxylation to 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylcatechol. Mechanistic insights reveal a flavin-dependent monooxygenase (CxyA) catalyzing initial transformation, though genetic regulation and roles of associated enzymes (e.g., CYP450) require further elucidation. This review establishes PCMX as a nonnegligible emerging contaminant, emphasizing the need for coordinated monitoring strategies, refined ecological risk assessment frameworks, and innovative bioremediation approaches to mitigate its environmental impacts.
{"title":"Environmental occurrence, ecological risks, and microbial interactions of p-chloro-m-xylenol: An emerging ubiquitous antimicrobial agent","authors":"Hanqing Pan , Jia Shi , Dan Xu , Jingwei Wang , Qiao Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>p</em>-Chloro-<em>m</em>-xylenol (PCMX), a halogenated phenolic antimicrobial agent, has gained global prominence in disinfectants and personal care products. This review synthesizes current knowledge on PCMX's environmental occurrence, ecological impacts, and microbial transformation mechanisms. Environmental monitoring reveals pervasive contamination (ng/L to mg/L) across wastewater systems and surface waters, with seasonal and regional variability linked to consumption patterns and treatment inefficiencies. Ecotoxicological assessments demonstrate acute toxicity to aquatic organisms and chronic effects, such as developmental abnormalities, endocrine disruption, and neurobehavioral impairments. Emerging evidence highlights PCMX's role in promoting antibiotic resistance gene dissemination via enhanced horizontal gene transfer. Critically, microbial degradation studies identify <em>Rhodococcus</em> species as key degraders, employing pathways involving dechlorination to 2,6-dimethylhydroquinone or hydroxylation to 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylcatechol. Mechanistic insights reveal a flavin-dependent monooxygenase (CxyA) catalyzing initial transformation, though genetic regulation and roles of associated enzymes (e.g., CYP450) require further elucidation. This review establishes PCMX as a nonnegligible emerging contaminant, emphasizing the need for coordinated monitoring strategies, refined ecological risk assessment frameworks, and innovative bioremediation approaches to mitigate its environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106229"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145325855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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