International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation最新文献_第7页

BTEX degradation by the coculture of S. fonticola and M. esteraromaticum 乳香酵母与酯香酵母共培养降解BTEX的研究

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106219

Diego Hernández-Ospina , Jean Viccari- Pereira , Carlos S. Osorio-González , Richard Martel , Satinder K. Brar

The increasing demand for petroleum hydrocarbons has led to rising levels of high-risk pollutants such as Benzene-Toluene-Ethylbenzene-Xylene (BTEX) in the environment, and widely recognized for their carcinogenic nature. This study evaluates the potential tolerance and the single and multi-compound degradation of BTEX compounds by a coculture of Serratia fonticola and Microbacterium esteraromaticum. Batch treatments were conducted in synthetic media, supplemented with 30 mg L⁻¹ of benzene, xylene, toluene and ethylbenzene for a single compound degradation test and with 120 mg L⁻¹ of BTEX compounds in a 1:1:1:1 ratio (equal weight-based contributions) for a multiple compound degradation test. Coculture showed a BTEX multicompound degradation of 47 %, which is 5 % and 2 % higher degradation than the one achieved by S. fonticola and M. esteraromaticum, respectively. Degradation for single-compound shows 99 % for benzene, 85 % for ethylbenzene, 72 % for toluene, and 62 % for xylene. These findings provide new insights into bacterial coculture interactions under mixed-contaminant stress, its biodegradation performance and provide a strong basis for developing tailored bioremediation strategies in both single-compound and multi-compound degradation of BTEX. Furthermore, the glucose consumption and BTEX tolerance could serve as potential indicators for monitoring of the progress and efficacy of BTEX remediation in contaminated environments.

对石油碳氢化合物的需求不断增加，导致环境中苯-甲苯-乙苯-二甲苯（BTEX）等高风险污染物水平上升，并被广泛认为具有致癌性。本研究通过对fonticola Serratia和esteraromaticum Microbacterium的共培养，评估了BTEX化合物的潜在耐受性和单化合物和多化合物降解。在合成培养基中进行批量处理，添加30 mg L−1的苯、二甲苯、甲苯和乙苯进行单一化合物降解试验，添加120 mg L−1的BTEX化合物，以1:1:1的比例（等量贡献）进行多种化合物降解试验。共培养BTEX复合降解率为47%，分别比S. fonticola和M. esteraromatium高5%和2%。单一化合物对苯的降解率为99%，对乙苯的降解率为85%，对甲苯的降解率为72%，对二甲苯的降解率为62%。这些发现为研究混合污染物胁迫下细菌共培养的相互作用及其生物降解性能提供了新的见解，并为开发针对BTEX的单化合物和多化合物降解的生物修复策略提供了强有力的基础。葡萄糖消耗和BTEX耐受性可以作为监测污染环境中BTEX修复进展和效果的潜在指标。

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引用次数: 0

Bacillus subtilis and Halomonas meridiana isolated from saline sandy soils mediate the biodegradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics 从盐渍沙土中分离的枯草芽孢杆菌和子午线盐单胞菌介导聚氯乙烯（PVC）微塑料的生物降解

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2025-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106220

Ayesha Alam , Shafeeq Rahman , Labeeb Ali , Mohammednoor Altarawneh

Microplastics are notorious class of environmental pollutants that are added to the environment by the slow degradation of plastic infrastructure commonly used everywhere. Microplastics are small particles that tend to flow through the xylem vessels of plant roots and bioaccumulate in the plant tissues. Saline sandy soil in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is colonized by beneficial bacterial strains that exhibit plastic degradation properties. This area is of great interest for new insights; however, very little is known about microplastic-degrading microorganisms, particularly in the Middle Eastern region of the world. To fill this gap, bacterial strains isolated from hypersaline soil offer a promising and sustainable approach to mitigate microplastic pollution in the form of granular biofertilizer and liquid cell suspension in soil and soilless crop production systems. The following study entails the relative potential of Bacillus subtilis and Halomonas meridiana, identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), to mineralize plastics by forming biofilms. The study indicated the plastic biodegradation efficiency of the bacterial strains ranged from as low as 6.42 ± 5.73 % and as high as 16.95 ± 3.37 % in liquid and solid culture media, with an average of 10 % loss of polymer weight. The bacterial strains exhibited a strong ability of biofilms (optical density ≥0.3–0.5) and enzymatic activity (enzymatic units ≥0.006–0.01), confirmed by optical density spectrophotometric absorbances. Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-S) revealed the formation of minerals, oxidation, increased O/C ratios, and significant variation in the surface anatomy of plastic particles co-cultured with bacteria. The complete absence of the C-Cl peak as a result of FTIR and the highest O/C of (0.600) as a result of SEM-EDS suggested the high degradation efficiency of B. subtilis as compared to H. meridiana. These outcomes confirm the incidence of plastic degradation efficiency and biofilm formation ability of B. subtilis and H. meridiana in both the solid and liquid matrix, signifying their dual application as granular biofertilizer as well as cell suspension to minimize the traces of plastic particles in the agricultural production systems purifying the tropic level of the food chain.

微塑料是一种臭名昭著的环境污染物，它是由于世界各地普遍使用的塑料基础设施的缓慢降解而添加到环境中的。微塑料是一种倾向于通过植物根部木质部导管流动并在植物组织中生物积累的小颗粒。在阿拉伯联合酋长国（UAE）的盐渍沙土是由有益的细菌菌株，表现出塑料降解特性定植。这个领域对新见解非常感兴趣；然而，人们对微塑料降解微生物知之甚少，特别是在世界中东地区。为了填补这一空白，从高盐土壤中分离出的细菌菌株以颗粒生物肥料和液体细胞悬浮液的形式在土壤和无土作物生产系统中提供了一种有希望和可持续的方法来减轻微塑料污染。通过基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）鉴定了枯草芽孢杆菌和子叶盐单胞菌通过形成生物膜来矿化塑料的相对潜力。研究表明，菌株在液体和固体培养基中的塑料生物降解效率最低为6.42±5.73%，最高为16.95±3.37%，聚合物重量平均减少10%。光密度分光光度测定结果表明，菌株具有较强的生物成膜能力（光密度≥0.3 ~ 0.5）和酶活性（酶单位≥0.006 ~ 0.01）。扫描电镜/能量色散x射线光谱（SEM-EDS）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR-S）揭示了与细菌共培养的塑料颗粒的矿物形成、氧化、O/C比增加以及表面解剖结构的显著变化。FTIR和SEM-EDS结果显示，枯草芽孢杆菌的C- cl峰完全消失，O/C最高（0.600），表明枯草芽孢杆菌的降解效率高于子午线芽孢杆菌。这些结果证实了枯草芽孢杆菌和子午线芽孢杆菌在固体和液体基质中的塑料降解效率和生物膜形成能力，表明它们作为颗粒生物肥料和细胞悬浮液的双重应用，可以最大限度地减少农业生产系统中塑料颗粒的痕迹，净化食物链的热带水平。

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引用次数: 0

Research on the construction of degradation bacterial communities for Daqing Gulong Oilfield and their application effects 大庆古龙油田降解菌群的构建及其应用效果研究

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106218

Shuang Deng , Jiabin Wang , Wei Song , Lijuan Zhang , Di Cao , Liyang Li

Shale oil sludge, as a petroleum hydrocarbon pollutant, poses a serious threat to the environment. This study is the first to focus on the degradation of shale oil sludge from the Daqing Gulong Oilfield, aiming to establish an environmentally friendly, low-cost, and highly effective bioremediation method. This approach aims to reduce the cost of treating oil sludge, increase corporate profits, and achieve the goal of coordinated economic and environmental development. The experiment successfully constructed a composite bacterial consortium containing Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas qingdaonensis. Under laboratory conditions, the degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbons reached 91.47 %. The composite bacterial consortium can rapidly proliferate in shale oil sludge and become the dominant bacterial population, maintaining a stable microbial community structure in complex environments. In practical applications, it shows excellent degradation effects on shale oil sludge. The degradation rate of the composite bacterial strain can reach up to 59.9 % in practical applications. This research not only provides a new technical approach and bacterial resources for the remediation of shale oil sludge in the Daqing Gulong Oilfield but also holds significant theoretical and practical significance.

页岩油污泥作为一种石油烃污染物，对环境造成严重威胁。本研究首次对大庆古龙油田页岩油泥的降解进行了研究，旨在建立一种环保、低成本、高效的生物修复方法。该方法旨在降低油泥处理成本，增加企业利润，实现经济与环境协调发展的目标。实验成功构建了含钙酸不动杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和青岛假单胞菌的复合菌群。在实验室条件下，石油烃的降解率达到91.47%。复合菌群能在页岩油泥中快速增殖并成为优势菌群，在复杂环境下保持稳定的微生物群落结构。在实际应用中，对页岩油泥表现出良好的降解效果。在实际应用中，复合菌株的降解率可达59.9%。本研究不仅为大庆古龙油田页岩油污泥的修复提供了新的技术途径和细菌资源，而且具有重要的理论和现实意义。

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引用次数: 0

Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons using the wild plants Scirpus sylvaticus and Cirsium oleraceum, supported by bioaugmentation 利用野生植物林柏和卷叶卷叶修复石油烃污染土壤的生物强化研究

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106217

Katarzyna Wojtowicz , Teresa Steliga , Joanna Brzeszcz , Janusz Fyda , Tomasz Skalski , Piotr Kapusta

The research was aimed at determining the efficiency of phytoremediation supported by bioaugmentation using a microbial consortium based on autochthonous bacteria and wild plants naturally growing in an area of natural petroleum seeps (Scirpus sylvaticus and Cirsium oleraceum),transplanted for the cleanup of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. A six-month phytoremediation process resulted in a decrease in concentrations: TPH—from 4320 to 455–261 mg/kg dry mass, and PAHs—from 7.19 to 1.47–1.76 mg kg⁻¹ dry mass. The greatest reductions were observed for n-C₁₀–n-C₂₁ (91.9–99.8 %) and naphthalene (85.3–87.4 %), and the lowest for n-C₃₀–n-C₃₆ (62.0–87.3 %) and 4–6-ring PAHs (44.0–76.3 %). Intense growth of roots and shoots was found in plants from bioaugmented soils. Toxicological studies performed using biotests with varying sensitivity (Ostracodtoxkit < Microtox < MARA) and phytotoxicity test (Phytotoxkit) indicated a decrease in toxicity levels after phytoremediation supported by bioaugmentation, which correlated with the drop in TPH and PAHs contents in the treated soil. The study also evaluated the structure of the microbial community in the remediated soil. The presence of bacteria in the rhizosphere accelerated the degradation of contaminants and increased plant tolerance to adverse environmental conditions. Additionally, changes in the community of soil ciliates were assessed, showingthat functional group responses, rather than species richness alone, may serve as sensitive indicators of soil recovery and ecological stability.This study highlights the novelty and ecological relevance of combining wild-adapted plants and microbial consortia for sustainable remediation, while also demonstrating the potential of ciliates as sensitive bioindicators of soil recovery.

本研究以天然石油泄漏区（Scirpus sylvaticus和Cirsium oleeraceum）天然生长的原生细菌和野生植物为基础，利用微生物联盟移植修复碳氢化合物污染的土壤，以确定生物增强的植物修复效率。六个月的植物修复过程导致浓度下降：tph从4320降至455-261 mg/kg干质量，多环芳烃从7.19降至1.47-1.76 mg kg - 1干质量。n-C10-n-C21（91.9 ~ 99.8%）和萘（85.3 ~ 87.4%）降低幅度最大，n-C30-n-C36（62.0 ~ 87.3%）和4 - 6环多环芳烃（44.0 ~ 76.3%）降低幅度最小。在生物增强土壤中，植物的根和芽生长旺盛。使用不同灵敏度的生物试验（Ostracodtoxkit < Microtox <； MARA）和植物毒性试验（Phytotoxkit）进行的毒理学研究表明，在生物增强的支持下进行植物修复后，毒性水平有所下降，这与处理土壤中TPH和PAHs含量的下降有关。本研究还对修复土壤的微生物群落结构进行了评价。根际细菌的存在加速了污染物的降解，提高了植物对不利环境条件的耐受性。此外，对土壤纤毛虫群落的变化进行了评估，表明功能群的响应，而不是物种丰富度，可以作为土壤恢复和生态稳定的敏感指标。这项研究强调了将野生适应植物和微生物群落结合起来进行可持续修复的新颖性和生态相关性，同时也展示了纤毛虫作为土壤恢复敏感生物指标的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge: Effects of hydrothermal temperature and time on biochar properties and migration and transformation of heavy metals 污水污泥的水热炭化：水热温度和时间对生物炭性质及重金属迁移转化的影响

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106216

Siyao Hou, Han Wang, Jiameng Sun, Jing Liu, Manxu Bai, Wanli Zhang, Wanli Xing, Rundong Li

This study investigated effects of hydrothermal temperature and time on hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge (SS) in terms of biochar properties, migration and transformation of heavy metals (HMs). The surface functional groups of biochar were greatly affected by hydrothermal temperature and the stretching vibration peak intensities of hydroxyl, carboxyl and aliphatic compound declined with the increased temperature. HMs concentrations in hydrothermal liquid were sorted in the order: Mn > Zn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cu and those in biochar were Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni. HMs concentrations in biochar were much higher than those in hydrothermal liquid, indicating the significant enrichment of HMs in biochar. The enhanced hydrothermal temperature further actuated HMs enrichment in biochar to higher concentrations, but prolonging reaction time only led to slight fluctuations. The bioavailability of HMs in biochar was sorted in the order: Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb and Cr. More HMs in biochar existed in residual and oxidizable fractions of low bioavailability, indicating HTC treatment reduced the ecological risk of HMs. The hydrothermal temperature was the key factor affecting migration and transformation of HMs. Driven by high hydrothermal temperature, Zn, Ni and Mn elements in biochar transformed from water soluble, acid soluble and reducible fractions to oxidizable or residual fraction. The bioavailability of Cu element in biochar first enhanced then declined with the increasing hydrothermal temperature, but Pb and Cr elements were not sensitive to reaction condition change.

研究了水热温度和时间对污泥水热炭化（HTC）的生物炭特性、重金属迁移和转化的影响。生物炭表面官能团受水热温度影响较大，羟基、羧基和脂肪族化合物的拉伸振动峰强度随温度升高而降低。水热液中HMs浓度排序为Mn >； Zn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cu；生物炭中HMs浓度排序为Mn >； Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni。生物炭中HMs的浓度远高于热液中，说明生物炭中HMs富集显著。水热温度的提高进一步促使生物炭中HMs的富集达到更高的浓度，但延长反应时间只会引起轻微的波动。生物炭中HMs的生物利用度排序为：Mn >； Zn > Ni > Cu >； Pb和Cr。生物炭中HMs较多存在于生物利用度较低的残余部分和可氧化部分，说明HTC处理降低了HMs的生态风险。热液温度是影响溶质迁移转化的关键因素。在高温水热作用下，生物炭中的锌、镍、锰元素由水溶性、酸溶性和可还原组分转化为可氧化组分或残余组分。随着水热温度的升高，生物炭中Cu元素的生物利用度先升高后降低，而Pb和Cr元素对反应条件的变化不敏感。

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引用次数: 0

Optimized deep eutectic solvent cocktail assisted sequential pretreatment to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of Arachis hypogaea L biomass 优化深共熔混合溶剂辅助序贯预处理，提高花生生物量的酶解能力

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106207

Vidhyadevi Udayakumar, Brinda Lakshmi Anguraj

Roadblock in lignocellulose degradation via enzymatic hydrolysis is critical concern to be addressed to improve the biofuel circular economy. Sequential pretreatments followed by enzymatic hydrolysis leverages high sugar yields from lignocellulose biomass (LCB) through lignin removal and enhanced enzyme adsorption, outperforming single pretreatment methods. However, the biofuel sector continues the search for alternative greenness pretreatment techniques that combine versatile, cost effective, and environmental sustainability. This study introduces an innovative, eco-friendly synergistic pretreatment method utilising a deep eutectic solvent (DES) mixture of choline chloride, tannic acid, and glucose (ChCl: TA: Glu), together with optimized microwave irradiation (MWI) and ultrasonication, to enhance enzyme hydrolysis of groundnut shell (GNS) into fermentable sugars. Meanwhile, crucial parameters influencing ternary DES treatment - pH 6.2, temperature 65 °C, time 4.2 h and biomass loading 12 % - were predicted by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to enhance LCB hydrolysis before microwave and ultrasonic processing. MWI power and ultrasonic frequency were optimized via the One Variable At a Time (OVAT) approach, finding 300W and 50Hz as optimal for sequential treatment to minimize energy consumption and complexity. Under optimized configurations, this sequential DES-based treatment accomplished significant delignification and hemicellulose removal, resulting in the liberation of 92.89 % cellulose and improved enzymatic saccharification. RSM optimization shown substantial enhancements in sugar release, with cellulose and glucose yield escalating by 5.7 times and 17.22 times (248 mg), respectively from 1 % pretreated sample and yielded bioethanol 12.4g/100g of raw biomass. Structural transformations in GNS were validated by FTIR,XRD, SEM, TEM, DLS, EDAZ, and TGA studies.

通过酶解降解木质纤维素的障碍是改善生物燃料循环经济需要解决的关键问题。顺序预处理后的酶解通过木质素去除和增强酶吸附来利用木质纤维素生物质（LCB）的高糖产量，优于单一预处理方法。然而，生物燃料行业仍在继续寻找可替代的绿色预处理技术，这些技术结合了多功能、成本效益和环境可持续性。本研究介绍了一种创新的、环保的协同预处理方法，利用氯化胆碱、单宁酸和葡萄糖（ChCl: TA: Glu）的深度共熔溶剂（DES）混合物，结合优化的微波辐射（MWI）和超声波，促进花生壳（GNS）酶解成可发酵糖。同时，利用响应面法（RSM）预测了影响三元DES处理的关键参数——pH 6.2、温度65℃、时间4.2 h和生物质负荷12%——在微波和超声波处理前促进LCB水解。通过一次一变量（OVAT）方法对MWI功率和超声频率进行优化，发现300W和50Hz是顺序治疗的最佳选择，以最大限度地降低能耗和复杂性。在优化的配置下，这种顺序的基于des的处理完成了显著的脱木质素和半纤维素去除，导致92.89%的纤维素解放，并改善了酶糖化。RSM优化显著提高了糖的释放量，纤维素和葡萄糖的产率分别比1%的预处理样品提高了5.7倍和17.22倍（248 mg），每100g原料生物质的生物乙醇产量为12.4g。通过FTIR，XRD， SEM， TEM， DLS， EDAZ和TGA研究验证了GNS的结构转变。

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引用次数: 0

Novel eco-friendly biocides: Biotechnological sustainable solutions for cultural heritage safeguard 新型生态友好型杀菌剂：保护文化遗产的生物技术可持续解决方案

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106214

Cátia Salvador , Patrícia Gatinho , M. Rosário Martins , A. Teresa Caldeira

Biodeterioration poses a significant threat to cultural heritage, calling for sustainable and safe mitigation strategies. Conventional chemical biocides often present issues such as high toxicity, low material compatibility, and microbial resistance. In this study, conducted under the ART3mis Project, we explored the biotechnological potential of killer toxin-producing yeasts as eco-friendly antimicrobial agents for heritage conservation. Yeast strains from genera Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, and Torulaspora were molecularly identified and tested against biodeteriogenic bacteria and fungi isolated from heritage materials. Lyophilized culture extracts showed selective, strain-dependent antimicrobial activity, particularly those from S. cerevisiae 1 and 5, K. lactis 9, and K. marxianus 13. Protein fractionation indicated that high molecular weight compounds (>30 kDa), likely killer toxins, were responsible for bioactivity. Most yeast extracts and fractions exhibited negligible toxicity in Artemia franciscana assays, even at 10 mg/mL, while commercial biocides caused 100% lethality at concentrations 160–380 times lower. These findings highlight the innovative application of killer yeasts in the field of heritage preservation, offering an effective, low-toxicity alternative to conventional biocides.

生物退化对文化遗产构成重大威胁，需要制定可持续和安全的缓解战略。传统的化学杀菌剂往往存在毒性大、材料相容性低、微生物耐药等问题。在ART3mis项目下进行的这项研究中，我们探索了生产毒素的杀手酵母作为环保抗菌剂的生物技术潜力，用于文物保护。对Saccharomyces、Kluyveromyces和Torulaspora属的酵母菌进行了分子鉴定，并对从遗产材料中分离的生物净化细菌和真菌进行了分子鉴定。冻干培养提取物表现出选择性的、菌株依赖的抗菌活性，尤其是酿酒酵母1号和5号、乳酸菌9号和马氏酵母13号。蛋白质分离表明，高分子量化合物（>30 kDa），可能是杀手毒素，负责生物活性。即使在10 mg/mL的浓度下，大多数酵母提取物和馏分在Artemia franciscana试验中也表现出可以忽略不计的毒性，而商业杀菌剂在160-380倍的浓度下也能达到100%的致死率。这些发现突出了杀手酵母在文物保护领域的创新应用，为传统杀菌剂提供了一种有效、低毒的替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Superficial rock decalcification by the lichen Tephromela atra var. calcicola: what's true? 地衣对岩石表面的脱钙作用：什么是真的？

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106215

Mauro Tretiach , Sofia Ceseri , Ornella Salvadori , Francesco Princivalle , Barbara Salvadori

The thallus–substrate relationship of Tephromela atra var. calcarea was investigated to determine whether the colonisation of carbonate-rich rock can be related to a “superficial decalcification” of the substrate, as claimed by some authors. Fragments of thalli still adhering to the substrate from the TSB herbarium were embedded in epoxy resin to obtain cross-sections, which were analysed by FPA-FTIR microspectroscopy in reflection mode to acquire chemical imaging data reflecting the spatial distribution of molecular components. The cross-sections were then stained with periodic acid-Schiff, and the percentage of hyphal spread was measured in selected areas of 2 mm² at fixed distances along vertical transects from the thallus–substrate interface to the hyphal-free substrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed on additional fragments to detect any biomineralization products present. The hyphae of T. atra penetrated all calcareous substrates to a maximum depth of 0.8 mm, also piercing single calcite clasts. Hyphal spread varied greatly between substrates, with a minimum in compact limestone and a maximum in porous limestone. XRD analyses showed the presence of the biominerals whewellite and weddellite in varying amounts, and confirmed the presence of calcite in all samples, except in one occurring on Roman brick. High-resolution FTIR chemical maps showed the presence of calcite in medium/high to high concentration at the thallus–substrate interface. No evidence of calcite depletion was observed. These results do not support a significant carbonate depletion of the surface of the carbonate-rich rock colonised by T. atra, whose hyphae can actively penetrate the calcite clasts.

为了确定是否像某些作者所声称的那样，富碳酸盐岩石的定植可能与基质的“表面脱钙”有关，研究人员研究了钙区Tephromela var. calcalarea的菌体与基质的关系。将TSB植物标本馆中仍附着在底物上的菌体片段包埋在环氧树脂中获得截面，利用反射模式下的FPA-FTIR显微光谱进行分析，获得反映分子组分空间分布的化学成像数据。然后用周期性酸-希夫染色，并沿着从菌体-底物界面到无菌丝底物的垂直横断面，在固定距离的2 mm2选定区域测量菌丝扩散的百分比。对其他碎片进行x射线衍射（XRD）以检测存在的任何生物矿化产物。T. atra菌丝可穿透所有钙质基质，最大深度为0.8 mm，也可穿透单个方解石碎屑。菌丝在不同基质间的分布差别很大，在致密灰岩中最小，在多孔灰岩中最大。x射线衍射分析表明，在所有样品中都存在不同数量的生物矿物轮韦石和韦德石，并证实方解石的存在，除了在罗马砖上出现的一个。高分辨率FTIR化学图谱显示，在菌体-基质界面存在中/高至高浓度的方解石。没有观察到方解石耗竭的证据。这些结果不支持T. atra所占领的富含碳酸盐的岩石表面明显的碳酸盐枯竭，其菌丝可以主动穿透方解石碎屑。

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引用次数: 0

Sessile culture as a strategy to enhance the production of emulsifying exopolysaccharides by Glutamicibacter sp. XHA18 谷氨酰胺菌XHA18无柄培养提高乳化菌胞外多糖产量的研究

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106213

Luis Herrera-Candelario , Susana De la Rosa-García , Eugenia Zarza , Karina Guillen-Navarro , Mayra A. Alvarez-Lemus , Sergio Gómez-Cornelio

Pristine environments harbor diverse microbial communities with unique and underexplored metabolic capabilities, including the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) with bioemulsifying properties. These polymers have increasing biotechnological relevance in food, pharmaceutical, and environmental sectors. This study evaluated the effect of two contrasting growth modes—sessile and planktonic—on the production and stability of an emulsifying EPS synthesized by the halotolerant strain Glutamicibacter sp. XHA18, isolated from a pristine cenote in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Emulsifying activity and 24-h stability were assessed using the emulsification index (EI₂₄), while physicochemical parameters such as carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, agitation, and salinity were optimized in both culture systems. EPS extraction and purification protocols were designed to recovery both high- and low-molecular-weight fractions. The purified EPS was characterized by FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, and zeta potential analysis. Sessile cultivation promoted earlier and higher emulsifying activity (EI₂₄ = 62.09 % at 24 h), whereas planktonic culture required 96 h to reach comparable levels (EI₂₄ = 60.09 %). In both systems, dextrose and alkaline pH significantly enhanced EPS production, whereas high salinity impaired its emulsifying performance. EPS yield was higher under sessile conditions (2.8 g/L) than in planktonic culture (1.8 g/L). FTIR and zeta potential analysis confirmed the polysaccharidic nature and negative surface charge of the EPS, supporting its ability to form stable emulsions with various hydrophobic substrates, even under salinity levels of 5–10 %. Toxicity assays with Artemia salina and Cucumis sativus confirmed the low toxicity of the EPS, with only minor effects at elevated concentration. Genomic analysis revealed that strain XHA18 belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter but differs in G + C content and metabolic features from known species, suggesting it may represent a novel taxon. Overall, this study provides new insights into the biosynthesis and functional stability of bioemulsifying EPS under sessile conditions and highlights Glutamicibacter sp. XHA18 as a promising biotechnological resource for industrial and environmental applications.

原始环境孕育着多种微生物群落，它们具有独特的、尚未开发的代谢能力，包括具有生物乳化特性的外多糖（EPS）的产生。这些聚合物在食品、制药和环境部门具有越来越多的生物技术相关性。本研究评估了两种不同的生长模式——无根生长和浮游生长——对由墨西哥尤卡坦半岛原始天然井中分离的耐盐菌株谷氨酰胺杆菌XHA18合成的乳化EPS的产量和稳定性的影响。采用乳化指数（EI24）评估乳化活性和24小时稳定性，同时优化两种培养体系的理化参数，如碳源和氮源、pH、搅拌和盐度。EPS提取和纯化方案设计用于回收高分子量和低分子量的馏分。用FTIR、UV-Vis、SEM-EDS和zeta电位对纯化的EPS进行了表征。无底培养促进了更早和更高的乳化活性（24 h时EI24 = 62.09%），而浮游培养需要96 h才能达到相同的水平（EI24 = 60.09%）。在这两种体系中，葡萄糖和碱性pH值显著提高了EPS的产量，而高盐度则损害了其乳化性能。无根培养条件下EPS产量（2.8 g/L）高于浮游培养（1.8 g/L）。FTIR和zeta电位分析证实了EPS的多糖性质和负表面电荷，支持其与各种疏水底物形成稳定乳液的能力，即使在5 - 10%的盐度水平下也是如此。对盐蒿和黄瓜的毒性试验证实，EPS的毒性较低，浓度升高时影响较小。基因组分析表明，菌株XHA18属于谷氨酰胺菌属，但其G + C含量和代谢特征与已知物种不同，可能是一个新的分类单元。总之，本研究为固定化条件下生物乳化EPS的生物合成和功能稳定性提供了新的见解，并突出了谷氨酰胺菌XHA18是一种有前景的工业和环境应用的生物技术资源。

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引用次数: 0

Response characteristics of microbial community in soil cocontaminated with heavy metals and chlorinated hydrocarbons: A field study at a demolished electroplating plant site 重金属与氯代烃共污染土壤微生物群落响应特征——以某废弃电镀厂为例

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106211

Yaling Gou , Hongwei Pang , Naijin Wu , Ji Zhang , Xiang Li , Jiajia Wang , Lingze Zeng , Longyi Wei , Rifeng Kang , Wenxia Wei , Peizhong Li

Cocontamination by chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHs) and heavy metals (HMs) frequently occurs at electroplating plant sites. However, how these two types of pollutants interact to influence native microbial communities, and how these communities respond to such combined stress, remains unclear. In this study, the distribution of pollutants and the response characteristics of bacteria and organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB) in CH–HM-contaminated soil collected from an electroplating plant of a former auto parts manufacturing company were examined. The two pollutant types exhibited distinct vertical spatial distributions. Soil bacterial communities were affected primarily by depth, followed by soil texture and pollutant concentration. Specifically, trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, chromium (Cr), zinc, nickel, and Cr⁶⁺ levels in the soil were key factors influencing the relative abundance of bacterial phyla. Nevertheless, the abundance of OHRB (Geobacter) was more indicative of CH contamination than of HM presence. Moreover, soil bacterial functions across different depths, textures, and pollutant concentrations showed no significant differences. The bacterial network was divided into 20 modules, with cooperative (positive) interactions outnumbering competitive (negative) interactions. In total, four bacterial genera within Proteobacteria played a key role in this cocontaminated environment. These findings provide a scientific basis for developing bioremediation strategies for sites affected by CHs and HMs.

氯化碳氢化合物（CHs）和重金属（HMs）的共同污染是电镀现场经常发生的问题。然而，这两种类型的污染物如何相互作用影响原生微生物群落，以及这些群落如何应对这种综合压力，目前尚不清楚。本研究对某原汽车零部件制造企业电镀厂污染土壤中污染物的分布、细菌和有机盐呼吸细菌（OHRB）的响应特征进行了研究。两种污染物在垂直空间分布上有明显差异。土壤细菌群落主要受深度影响，其次是土壤质地和污染物浓度。土壤中三氯乙烯、氯乙烯、铬（Cr）、锌、镍和Cr6+水平是影响细菌门类相对丰度的关键因素。然而，OHRB（地杆菌）的丰度比HM的存在更能表明CH污染。土壤细菌的功能在不同深度、质地和污染物浓度下均无显著差异。细菌网络被分为20个模块，合作（积极）相互作用多于竞争（消极）相互作用。总的来说，变形菌门中的四个细菌属在这种共污染环境中发挥了关键作用。这些发现为制定生物修复策略提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0