Abstract This article aims to analyze the evolution of the Common Ground notion in theoretical and sociocognitive fields. Some recent studies from psychology, cognitive sciences, and socio-linguistics have enriched the traditional formulations on CG by analyzing various factors related to the nature of mental processes. It emerged that CG is a dynamic entity where sources of different nature interact in a complex way during the communication process. On the other hand, contemporary clinical investigations on CG and aphasia seem to overlook the multiple and dynamic factors involved in the communication between patients and ordinary speakers. Although most experimental studies prove that any form of knowledge can, in principle, support communication with aphasic patients, it seems that they focus their attention only on an isolated aspect of the situational or past context. A general theory that explains how personal, cultural, or perceptual knowledge jointly mediates the understanding of texts produced by aphasic patients is missing. This work does not intend to offer such a theory. Instead, it has the less ambitious purpose of highlighting the current limitations related to the practice of breaking down and analyzing isolated features of the CG. Highlighting these limitations is essential in pushing aphasiology research towards introducing more complex models of CG adhering to the reality of the facts.
{"title":"Towards an extended notion of Common Ground in aphasiology","authors":"Roberto Graci","doi":"10.1515/ip-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article aims to analyze the evolution of the Common Ground notion in theoretical and sociocognitive fields. Some recent studies from psychology, cognitive sciences, and socio-linguistics have enriched the traditional formulations on CG by analyzing various factors related to the nature of mental processes. It emerged that CG is a dynamic entity where sources of different nature interact in a complex way during the communication process. On the other hand, contemporary clinical investigations on CG and aphasia seem to overlook the multiple and dynamic factors involved in the communication between patients and ordinary speakers. Although most experimental studies prove that any form of knowledge can, in principle, support communication with aphasic patients, it seems that they focus their attention only on an isolated aspect of the situational or past context. A general theory that explains how personal, cultural, or perceptual knowledge jointly mediates the understanding of texts produced by aphasic patients is missing. This work does not intend to offer such a theory. Instead, it has the less ambitious purpose of highlighting the current limitations related to the practice of breaking down and analyzing isolated features of the CG. Highlighting these limitations is essential in pushing aphasiology research towards introducing more complex models of CG adhering to the reality of the facts.","PeriodicalId":13669,"journal":{"name":"Intercultural Pragmatics","volume":"20 1","pages":"29 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44522637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the current debate on the lying-misleading distinction, many theorists distinguish between lying as insincere assertion and misleading through conveying an untruthful implicature. There is growing empirical evidence that average speakers count untruthful implicatures as cases of lying. What matters for them is the (degree) of commitment to an untruthful implicature. Since untruthful conversational implicatures may arise with non-assertions, and untruthful presuppositions are also judged as lying, a realistic conception of lying should aim at a definition of lying that it is able to cover these possibilities. Such a conception, which supports traditional assumptions about the semantics-pragmatics distinction, leads to a commitment-based definition of lying, as recently proposed by a number of authors.
{"title":"On commitment to untruthful implicatures","authors":"J. Meibauer","doi":"10.1515/ip-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the current debate on the lying-misleading distinction, many theorists distinguish between lying as insincere assertion and misleading through conveying an untruthful implicature. There is growing empirical evidence that average speakers count untruthful implicatures as cases of lying. What matters for them is the (degree) of commitment to an untruthful implicature. Since untruthful conversational implicatures may arise with non-assertions, and untruthful presuppositions are also judged as lying, a realistic conception of lying should aim at a definition of lying that it is able to cover these possibilities. Such a conception, which supports traditional assumptions about the semantics-pragmatics distinction, leads to a commitment-based definition of lying, as recently proposed by a number of authors.","PeriodicalId":13669,"journal":{"name":"Intercultural Pragmatics","volume":"20 1","pages":"75 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43636969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the past decade, the field of family language policy has broadened its scopeand turned its attention to diverse family configurations in versatile sociolinguistic contexts.The current study contributes to this endeavor by focusing on two single-parent families wholive in Finland and who strive to support Russian as a family language. Applying nexusanalysis as an epistemological stance and as an analytical lens, the study takes an emicperspective on family language policy. Furthermore, it examines how family language policy ismanifested and negotiated during mother-child play and what discoursesshape it. The findings reveal two contrasting ways in which family language policy ismanifested and negotiated in the families. Confident family language policy in one of thefamilies is informed by the mother’s historical body (i.e., prior experience of raising childrenbilingually), while in the other family, discourse in place represented by divergent languageideologies plays a significant role in shaping family language policy and is connected withhesitant decisions about language use in the family.
{"title":"Karin Aijmer and Diana Lewis: Contrastive Analysis of Discourse-pragmatic Aspects of Linguistic Genre","authors":"Weiqian Liu, Yina Wang","doi":"10.1515/ip-2022-5006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2022-5006","url":null,"abstract":"During the past decade, the field of family language policy has broadened its scopeand turned its attention to diverse family configurations in versatile sociolinguistic contexts.The current study contributes to this endeavor by focusing on two single-parent families wholive in Finland and who strive to support Russian as a family language. Applying nexusanalysis as an epistemological stance and as an analytical lens, the study takes an emicperspective on family language policy. Furthermore, it examines how family language policy ismanifested and negotiated during mother-child play and what discoursesshape it. The findings reveal two contrasting ways in which family language policy ismanifested and negotiated in the families. Confident family language policy in one of thefamilies is informed by the mother’s historical body (i.e., prior experience of raising childrenbilingually), while in the other family, discourse in place represented by divergent languageideologies plays a significant role in shaping family language policy and is connected withhesitant decisions about language use in the family.","PeriodicalId":13669,"journal":{"name":"Intercultural Pragmatics","volume":"19 1","pages":"653 - 659"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66811224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We introduce a framework for studying repair initiation in the face of miscommunication. Our aim is to seed development of models that both predict when conversational repair is a likely communicative strategy and explain why interlocutors would not engage in repair in the face of conversational difficulty. We identify three factors as critical to the predictability of repair: (i) the extent to which a misalignment is (un)recognized by participants (ignorance); (ii) the significance of misalignment relative to some cluster of goals (cost of misalignment); and (iii) the significance of engaging in repair relative to some cluster of goals (cost of repair). We offer a simple method for graphically depicting relevant aspects of communicative situations and exemplify the framework with examples of non-repaired miscommunication before discussing its applicability to different empirical domains.
{"title":"“We’re running out of fuel!”: When does miscommunication go unrepaired?","authors":"Chi-Hé Elder, David Beaver","doi":"10.1515/ip-2022-5001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2022-5001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We introduce a framework for studying repair initiation in the face of miscommunication. Our aim is to seed development of models that both predict when conversational repair is a likely communicative strategy and explain why interlocutors would not engage in repair in the face of conversational difficulty. We identify three factors as critical to the predictability of repair: (i) the extent to which a misalignment is (un)recognized by participants (ignorance); (ii) the significance of misalignment relative to some cluster of goals (cost of misalignment); and (iii) the significance of engaging in repair relative to some cluster of goals (cost of repair). We offer a simple method for graphically depicting relevant aspects of communicative situations and exemplify the framework with examples of non-repaired miscommunication before discussing its applicability to different empirical domains.","PeriodicalId":13669,"journal":{"name":"Intercultural Pragmatics","volume":"19 1","pages":"541 - 570"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49176036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The present study is a perception study that investigates how French L1 speakers evaluate the speech produced by advanced French Lx users that deviates from the pragmatic norms of the local community. More specifically, this exploratory study investigates how conventional expressions that displayed pragmalinguistic or sociopragmatic deviances affected the raters’ (N = 62) evaluation of perceived communicative effectiveness and perceived likeability of the speakers in imagined intercultural encounters. Results from the study revealed that deviances were generally judged more severely on both evaluative dimensions than the target conventional expressions. Interestingly, however, findings also showed that deviances that partly included the pragmalinguistic or sociopragmatic resources preferred by target community members were evaluated positively. Methodological recommendations to pursue this new line of inquiry in the field of intercultural pragmatics are also discussed.
{"title":"Interlocutors’ judgment of Lx conventional expressions: An exploratory study","authors":"Suzie Beaulieu, F. Lundell, Javier Bejarano","doi":"10.1515/ip-2022-5003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2022-5003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study is a perception study that investigates how French L1 speakers evaluate the speech produced by advanced French Lx users that deviates from the pragmatic norms of the local community. More specifically, this exploratory study investigates how conventional expressions that displayed pragmalinguistic or sociopragmatic deviances affected the raters’ (N = 62) evaluation of perceived communicative effectiveness and perceived likeability of the speakers in imagined intercultural encounters. Results from the study revealed that deviances were generally judged more severely on both evaluative dimensions than the target conventional expressions. Interestingly, however, findings also showed that deviances that partly included the pragmalinguistic or sociopragmatic resources preferred by target community members were evaluated positively. Methodological recommendations to pursue this new line of inquiry in the field of intercultural pragmatics are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":13669,"journal":{"name":"Intercultural Pragmatics","volume":"19 1","pages":"597 - 620"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41559472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study examines how non-target-like formulaic expressions used by advanced second language (L2) speakers of German are perceived by first language (L1) German business professionals in an intercultural workplace setting. By using an experimental design, we explore how L1 business professionals (N = 84) perceive the appropriateness and acceptability of the non-target-like expressions as well as how they perceive the communicative competence of the writer in two conditions: one in which the writer is explicitly described as an L2 user of German (intercultural condition), and one in which the writer is not (German condition). Moreover, by first establishing recurrent unconventionalities when L2 users create their own formulaic expressions (i.e., misspellings, grammatical errors, pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic infelicities), we examine the effect of the type of unconventionality. Our experimental stimuli are based on authentic student responses to situations in an intercultural workplace setting which were elicited through a written discourse completion task. Our results indicate that in both conditions expressions containing a grammatical error are judged as least acceptable, followed by those with a pragmatic infelicity. Ratings were significantly higher in the intercultural condition, suggesting tolerance of the L1 professionals towards non-target-like expressions of L2 users.
{"title":"“The message is clear”: An L1 business perspective on non-target-like formulaic expressions in L2 German","authors":"Griet Boone, Nicolas Ruytenbeek, S. Decock","doi":"10.1515/ip-2022-5002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2022-5002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examines how non-target-like formulaic expressions used by advanced second language (L2) speakers of German are perceived by first language (L1) German business professionals in an intercultural workplace setting. By using an experimental design, we explore how L1 business professionals (N = 84) perceive the appropriateness and acceptability of the non-target-like expressions as well as how they perceive the communicative competence of the writer in two conditions: one in which the writer is explicitly described as an L2 user of German (intercultural condition), and one in which the writer is not (German condition). Moreover, by first establishing recurrent unconventionalities when L2 users create their own formulaic expressions (i.e., misspellings, grammatical errors, pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic infelicities), we examine the effect of the type of unconventionality. Our experimental stimuli are based on authentic student responses to situations in an intercultural workplace setting which were elicited through a written discourse completion task. Our results indicate that in both conditions expressions containing a grammatical error are judged as least acceptable, followed by those with a pragmatic infelicity. Ratings were significantly higher in the intercultural condition, suggesting tolerance of the L1 professionals towards non-target-like expressions of L2 users.","PeriodicalId":13669,"journal":{"name":"Intercultural Pragmatics","volume":"19 1","pages":"571 - 595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44929067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Despite speech act theory being very influential in pragmatics, the notion of what constitutes a speech act in languages other than English has not received the attention it deserves in the literature. After a brief outline of traditional speech act theory, this paper problematizes the use of English speech act labels by comparing English and Japanese conceptualizations of ‘apologies’ and ‘thanks’. The notion of indebtedness and the norm of reciprocity are then discussed, arguing that they can help revealing similarities between ‘apologies’ and ‘thanks’ in Japanese that are not observed in English. The second part of the paper is empirical in nature and adopts a corpus-assisted approach. The Japanese expression su(m)imasen [sorry], usually signaled as apologetic, is used as key word in two web corpora of written Japanese for retrieving metapragmatic comments and naturally occurring exchanges where su(m)imasen is framed as an expression of gratitude – a function English apologies do not serve. Finally, the paper proposes the notion of pragmatic space to investigate ‘apologies’ and ‘thanks’ as neighboring speech acts that overlap to different degrees and present different prototypical features in Japanese and English. The analysis reveals that the acritical use of English speech act labels is not suitable for describing ‘apologies’ and ‘thanks’ in Japanese.
{"title":"“Sorry for your consideration”: The (in)adequacy of English speech act labels in describing ‘apologies’ and ‘thanks’ in Japanese","authors":"Eugenia Diegoli","doi":"10.1515/ip-2022-5004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2022-5004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite speech act theory being very influential in pragmatics, the notion of what constitutes a speech act in languages other than English has not received the attention it deserves in the literature. After a brief outline of traditional speech act theory, this paper problematizes the use of English speech act labels by comparing English and Japanese conceptualizations of ‘apologies’ and ‘thanks’. The notion of indebtedness and the norm of reciprocity are then discussed, arguing that they can help revealing similarities between ‘apologies’ and ‘thanks’ in Japanese that are not observed in English. The second part of the paper is empirical in nature and adopts a corpus-assisted approach. The Japanese expression su(m)imasen [sorry], usually signaled as apologetic, is used as key word in two web corpora of written Japanese for retrieving metapragmatic comments and naturally occurring exchanges where su(m)imasen is framed as an expression of gratitude – a function English apologies do not serve. Finally, the paper proposes the notion of pragmatic space to investigate ‘apologies’ and ‘thanks’ as neighboring speech acts that overlap to different degrees and present different prototypical features in Japanese and English. The analysis reveals that the acritical use of English speech act labels is not suitable for describing ‘apologies’ and ‘thanks’ in Japanese.","PeriodicalId":13669,"journal":{"name":"Intercultural Pragmatics","volume":"19 1","pages":"621 - 645"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46177587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Christoph Rühlemann: Corpus Linguistics for Pragmatics: A guide for research","authors":"Guichao Zhang","doi":"10.1515/ip-2022-4006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2022-4006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13669,"journal":{"name":"Intercultural Pragmatics","volume":"19 1","pages":"537 - 540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48210184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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