Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0502005
A. Ahuchaogu, Okonkwo Joseph Chukwu, A. Obike, C. E. Igara, N. I. Chidi, J. O. Echeme
Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a method of obtaining pure water from water containing a salt, as in desalination [1]. It is a water purification technology that uses a semi permeable membrane to remove ions, molecules and larger particles from drinking water. In reverse osmosis, an applied pressure is used to overcome osmotic pressure, a colligative property that is driven by chemical potential differences of the solvent, a thermodynamic parameter.
{"title":"Reverse Osmosis Technology, its Applications and Nano-Enabled Membrane","authors":"A. Ahuchaogu, Okonkwo Joseph Chukwu, A. Obike, C. E. Igara, N. I. Chidi, J. O. Echeme","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0502005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0502005","url":null,"abstract":"Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a method of obtaining pure water from water containing a salt, as in desalination [1]. It is a water purification technology that uses a semi permeable membrane to remove ions, molecules and larger particles from drinking water. In reverse osmosis, an applied pressure is used to overcome osmotic pressure, a colligative property that is driven by chemical potential differences of the solvent, a thermodynamic parameter.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86204368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0505001
M. A. Ullah, Arshad Ali, M. Aslam, Ataullah, B. Lal
Drinking water is essential necessitate for daily life as there is dearth of water in many parts globally. Water quality ought to be such that it can be used by persons for drinking purpose. There are already plenty of solar units present in the market that can do reclamation process, as the available desalinization solar units clean the water safe to drink In desalination process the removal of salt and other minerals from the water is carried out to make it suitable for human consumption and industrial use. Reverse Osmosis (RO) is the one and only one regularly used domestic filtration system that removes even all the impurities. RO is required if the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) exceeds a certain value. The main objective of this project is to use the sun as source of energy through solar desalinization technique which cleans water for drinking purpose and installed three or four desalinization solar units at village level that operates on solar power. This study showed that 88 liters saline water provided the maximum drinkable water at the adjustment@6 liters/hr/panel at Arid Zone Research Institute, UmerKot. The performance of desalinization solar units installed at Goth Nawab Ji Dhani (Umerkot) using brackish water having 14.45 dSm salts removed the toxic salts through solar desalinization technique and reduced it to 0.15 dSm. Water having so minute salts is fit for drinking purpose. This system creates awareness to the local communities.
饮用水是日常生活的必需品，因为全球许多地区缺水。水质应能供人饮用。市场上已经有很多太阳能装置可以进行回收处理，因为可用的脱盐太阳能装置可以清洁水，使其安全饮用。在脱盐过程中，从水中去除盐和其他矿物质，使其适合人类消费和工业用途。反渗透(RO)是唯一一种经常使用的家用过滤系统，可以去除所有杂质。如果总溶解固体(TDS)超过一定值，则需要RO。该项目的主要目标是利用太阳能作为能源，通过太阳能脱盐技术来清洁饮用水，并在村庄一级安装三到四个脱盐太阳能装置，利用太阳能发电。本研究表明，在UmerKot干旱区研究所的adjustment@6升/小时/面板上，88升盐水提供了最大的饮用水。安装在Goth Nawab Ji Dhani (Umerkot)的脱盐太阳能装置的性能使用14.45 dSm盐的微咸水通过太阳能脱盐技术去除有毒盐并将其降低到0.15 dSm。含有如此微量盐的水适合饮用。这个系统提高了当地社区的意识。
{"title":"Reclamation of Saline Water through Solar Desalinization Process under Arid/Semi-Arid of Thar at Umerkot District, Sindh, Pakistan","authors":"M. A. Ullah, Arshad Ali, M. Aslam, Ataullah, B. Lal","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0505001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0505001","url":null,"abstract":"Drinking water is essential necessitate for daily life as there is dearth of water in many parts globally. Water quality ought to be such that it can be used by persons for drinking purpose. There are already plenty of solar units present in the market that can do reclamation process, as the available desalinization solar units clean the water safe to drink In desalination process the removal of salt and other minerals from the water is carried out to make it suitable for human consumption and industrial use. Reverse Osmosis (RO) is the one and only one regularly used domestic filtration system that removes even all the impurities. RO is required if the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) exceeds a certain value. The main objective of this project is to use the sun as source of energy through solar desalinization technique which cleans water for drinking purpose and installed three or four desalinization solar units at village level that operates on solar power. This study showed that 88 liters saline water provided the maximum drinkable water at the adjustment@6 liters/hr/panel at Arid Zone Research Institute, UmerKot. The performance of desalinization solar units installed at Goth Nawab Ji Dhani (Umerkot) using brackish water having 14.45 dSm salts removed the toxic salts through solar desalinization technique and reduced it to 0.15 dSm. Water having so minute salts is fit for drinking purpose. This system creates awareness to the local communities.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"65 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88988622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0506004
S. Shrestha
The adsorption of the bio-sorbent of the chemically activated sawdust (CASD) with concentrated sulfuric acid 1:1 (w/v) was carried out for studying the removable kinetics of Fe (II) ions from industrial wastewater and the applicability of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms was tested. The adsorption kinetics of the Fe (II) ions onto the CASD was studied using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and second order kinetics equations. Result shows that the optimum pH for Fe (II) adsorption onto the CASD was found to be 4 and the adsorption efficiency was found to be about 99 % and the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 116 mg/g. These results showed that the CASD may be an attractive alternative for treatment of the industrial wastewater contaminated by Fe (II) ions.
{"title":"Investigation on the Removal of Fe (II) from Wastewater onto Chemically Activated Sawdust","authors":"S. Shrestha","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0506004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0506004","url":null,"abstract":"The adsorption of the bio-sorbent of the chemically activated sawdust (CASD) with concentrated sulfuric acid 1:1 (w/v) was carried out for studying the removable kinetics of Fe (II) ions from industrial wastewater and the applicability of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms was tested. The adsorption kinetics of the Fe (II) ions onto the CASD was studied using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and second order kinetics equations. Result shows that the optimum pH for Fe (II) adsorption onto the CASD was found to be 4 and the adsorption efficiency was found to be about 99 % and the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 116 mg/g. These results showed that the CASD may be an attractive alternative for treatment of the industrial wastewater contaminated by Fe (II) ions.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"20-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84337829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0504005
M. A. Shibdawa, O. Ushie, E. Ogah, Longbap B.D
Yogurt is a fermented milk product consumed by large segments of our population either as a part of diet or as a refreshing beverage. It is a nutritiously balanced food containing almost all the nutrients present in milk but in a more assimilable form. It is obtained by lactic acid fermentation of milk through the action of Streptococcus thermophilus and lactobacillus bulgaricus (Adolfessonet al., 2004). It is more nutritious than many other fermented milk products because it contains a high level of milk solids in addition to nutrients developed during the fermentation process and its sensory attributes have a large effect on consumer acceptability (Sant – eve et al., 2008). Yoghurt whether produced from raw milk or fabricated milk, still has similar physical, chemical, sensory and microbiological properties. These properties are essential and must be preserved during storage. The chemical composition and microbiological quality of yoghurt has been reported by several workers Saint – eveet al., 2008; Yagygin and Kinc 1980; Dayisoylu, 1993; McGregor and white, 1986. Yoghurt is one of the oldest fermented milk products known. Fermentation of milk involves the action microorganisms, principally the lactic acid bacteria. These microorganisms sour the milk by converting the milk sugar lactose to lactic acid (Kagan, 1985). Yoghurt gels are built of dusters of aggregated case in particles formed as a result of gradual fermentation of lactose by lactic acid bacteria (Horine, 1999, 2003).
酸奶是一种发酵的奶制品，我们的大部分人要么作为饮食的一部分，要么作为提神饮料。它是一种营养均衡的食物，含有牛奶中几乎所有的营养成分，但以一种更容易吸收的形式存在。它是通过嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌的作用对牛奶进行乳酸发酵得到的(Adolfessonet al.， 2004)。它比许多其他发酵乳制品更有营养，因为除了发酵过程中产生的营养物质外，它还含有高水平的乳固体，其感官属性对消费者的接受程度有很大影响(Sant - eve等人，2008)。酸奶无论是用原料奶还是加工奶生产的，都具有相似的物理、化学、感官和微生物特性。这些属性是必不可少的，在储存过程中必须保存。酸奶的化学成分和微生物质量已被一些工作者Saint - eveet al.， 2008;Yagygin and king 1980;Dayisoylu, 1993;麦格雷戈和怀特，1986。酸奶是已知的最古老的发酵乳制品之一。牛奶的发酵涉及微生物的活动，主要是乳酸菌。这些微生物通过将牛奶中的乳糖转化为乳酸而使牛奶变酸(Kagan, 1985)。酸奶凝胶是由乳酸菌逐渐发酵乳糖而形成的颗粒中聚集的微粒构成的(Horine, 1999,2003)。
{"title":"Physiochemical Analysis of Local (Fulani) Yoghurt Syrup Sold in Bauchi Metropolis","authors":"M. A. Shibdawa, O. Ushie, E. Ogah, Longbap B.D","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0504005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0504005","url":null,"abstract":"Yogurt is a fermented milk product consumed by large segments of our population either as a part of diet or as a refreshing beverage. It is a nutritiously balanced food containing almost all the nutrients present in milk but in a more assimilable form. It is obtained by lactic acid fermentation of milk through the action of Streptococcus thermophilus and lactobacillus bulgaricus (Adolfessonet al., 2004). It is more nutritious than many other fermented milk products because it contains a high level of milk solids in addition to nutrients developed during the fermentation process and its sensory attributes have a large effect on consumer acceptability (Sant – eve et al., 2008). Yoghurt whether produced from raw milk or fabricated milk, still has similar physical, chemical, sensory and microbiological properties. These properties are essential and must be preserved during storage. The chemical composition and microbiological quality of yoghurt has been reported by several workers Saint – eveet al., 2008; Yagygin and Kinc 1980; Dayisoylu, 1993; McGregor and white, 1986. Yoghurt is one of the oldest fermented milk products known. Fermentation of milk involves the action microorganisms, principally the lactic acid bacteria. These microorganisms sour the milk by converting the milk sugar lactose to lactic acid (Kagan, 1985). Yoghurt gels are built of dusters of aggregated case in particles formed as a result of gradual fermentation of lactose by lactic acid bacteria (Horine, 1999, 2003).","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"17-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88189565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0501001
Sunil jayant Kulkarni
Solid waste treatment is becoming major area of concern for ecological balance. The solid waste, if biodegradable can be treated satisfactorily by using various aerobic and anaerobic methods [1-4]. Also methods like digestion, composting, vermicomposting and anaerobic digestion are used for solid waste according to the composition of the waste and the requirement [5]. The waste from electronic industry can be reused and recycled. Plastic waste is one form of the solid waste which is increasingly becoming cause of concern. The reuse and recycling of the plastic is best option. Plastic can also be used in road construction [6-10]. The current paper focuses on specific plastic waste, plastic bags. A plastic bag, polybag, or pouch is a type of container made of thin, flexible, plastic film, nonwoven fabric, or plastic textile. Plastic bags are used for containing and transporting goods such as foods, produce, powders, ice, magazines, chemicals, and waste. It is a common form of packaging. It is most popular packing material. The environmental problems due to plastic are very serious. The no biodegradable nature of the plastic material is major concern. They clog water drainage. The irresponsible disposal of the plastic bags is considered one of the reasons for calamities like flooding.
{"title":"Plastic Bags- Review on Problems and Remedies","authors":"Sunil jayant Kulkarni","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0501001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0501001","url":null,"abstract":"Solid waste treatment is becoming major area of concern for ecological balance. The solid waste, if biodegradable can be treated satisfactorily by using various aerobic and anaerobic methods [1-4]. Also methods like digestion, composting, vermicomposting and anaerobic digestion are used for solid waste according to the composition of the waste and the requirement [5]. The waste from electronic industry can be reused and recycled. Plastic waste is one form of the solid waste which is increasingly becoming cause of concern. The reuse and recycling of the plastic is best option. Plastic can also be used in road construction [6-10]. The current paper focuses on specific plastic waste, plastic bags. A plastic bag, polybag, or pouch is a type of container made of thin, flexible, plastic film, nonwoven fabric, or plastic textile. Plastic bags are used for containing and transporting goods such as foods, produce, powders, ice, magazines, chemicals, and waste. It is a common form of packaging. It is most popular packing material. The environmental problems due to plastic are very serious. The no biodegradable nature of the plastic material is major concern. They clog water drainage. The irresponsible disposal of the plastic bags is considered one of the reasons for calamities like flooding.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88043295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0504001
K. Senthilkannan
Bis 2 Amino Pyridinium Maleate (B2APM) crystals are NLO in nature and are grown by solution growth method, since NLO materials are widely used for number of variety of applications such as ease of fabricating, high stability and wide range of transparency of light; they are pro posed to be grown as the titled specimen. The single XRD data confirms that this crystal is having a as 21.760 Å, b as 23.555 Å, c as 5.626 Å, α = β = γ = 90o and the crystal is orthorhombic in nature, Fdd2 is the space group of Bis 2 Amino Pyridinium Maleate crystals. Structure is the combination of 2C5H7N2+.C4H2O4-.
{"title":"Influx of Bis 2 Amino Pyridinium Maleate with Ccl 4","authors":"K. Senthilkannan","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0504001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0504001","url":null,"abstract":"Bis 2 Amino Pyridinium Maleate (B2APM) crystals are NLO in nature and are grown by solution growth method, since NLO materials are widely used for number of variety of applications such as ease of fabricating, high stability and wide range of transparency of light; they are pro posed to be grown as the titled specimen. The single XRD data confirms that this crystal is having a as 21.760 Å, b as 23.555 Å, c as 5.626 Å, α = β = γ = 90o and the crystal is orthorhombic in nature, Fdd2 is the space group of Bis 2 Amino Pyridinium Maleate crystals. Structure is the combination of 2C5H7N2+.C4H2O4-.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79047240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0507005
Sameena Rasheed, A. Dwivedi, M. U. Khan
Demi-macrocycles have additional sterochemical constrains resulting from the cyclic nature, which depend up on several factors such as macrocyclic ring size, 1-13 number and nature of chelate rings formed on co-ordination influence position of donor and central metal ion Zn(II) provides a number of coordination compounds because of its affinity towards different types of ligands and flexible coordination number ranging from two to eight the filled and shall does not offer crystal field stabilization on Zn(II) in this synthesis Zn(II) complex shows octahedral geometry demi-macrocyclic systems in a template reaction Zn(II) complex has a vitro, antibacterial activities. Zn(II) functions as an antioxidant. It is essential for protein synthesis.
{"title":"Synthesis, Spectral Study of Demi-macrocycles of Ligand N2O2 with Zn (II) Ion","authors":"Sameena Rasheed, A. Dwivedi, M. U. Khan","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0507005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0507005","url":null,"abstract":"Demi-macrocycles have additional sterochemical constrains resulting from the cyclic nature, which depend up on several factors such as macrocyclic ring size, 1-13 number and nature of chelate rings formed on co-ordination influence position of donor and central metal ion Zn(II) provides a number of coordination compounds because of its affinity towards different types of ligands and flexible coordination number ranging from two to eight the filled and shall does not offer crystal field stabilization on Zn(II) in this synthesis Zn(II) complex shows octahedral geometry demi-macrocyclic systems in a template reaction Zn(II) complex has a vitro, antibacterial activities. Zn(II) functions as an antioxidant. It is essential for protein synthesis.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"63 1","pages":"24-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88893132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0501002
K. Trivedi, M. U. Khan, A. Dwivedi
The investigated 3-methyl-2-butanone, is a aliphatic ketone, shows the phenomenon of tautomerism at equilibrium and exhibited a variety of chemical reactions with different oxidizing reagents such as SeO2 [1] , NBSA 2 , acid-bromate 3 , [Fe (CN) 4] [3-4] etc. The study of such reaction is of great significance and of interest because of its vast implication in understanding the nature of chemical processes involved.
{"title":"Kinetic and Mechanistic Study of Oxidation of 3-Methyl-2-Butanone by Isoquinolinium Bromochromate","authors":"K. Trivedi, M. U. Khan, A. Dwivedi","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0501002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0501002","url":null,"abstract":"The investigated 3-methyl-2-butanone, is a aliphatic ketone, shows the phenomenon of tautomerism at equilibrium and exhibited a variety of chemical reactions with different oxidizing reagents such as SeO2 [1] , NBSA 2 , acid-bromate 3 , [Fe (CN) 4] [3-4] etc. The study of such reaction is of great significance and of interest because of its vast implication in understanding the nature of chemical processes involved.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"4-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80013446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0505005
N. Surma, T. P.N., G. Ijuo
Low temperature pyroylsis of polyethylene terepthalate (PET) was studied by adapting a pressure cooking pot of height 30.00 cm with an lnternal diameter of 31.50 cm. The pyrolysis reaction was done using fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst. The gases evolved during the pyrolysis reaction were collected in tedlar bags and analysis was done using a Buck 530 gas chromatogram. The pyrolysis reaction with fresh fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst at 150 C and 250 C using catalyst / sample ratio of 1:8 showed aliphatic hydrocarbons in the range of C1 – C10 with a total concentration of 485.8220 and 100.2732 ppm respectively. The corresponding values obtained at 150 C and 250 C using catalyst/sample ratio of 1:16 were 157.3500 and 84.1590 ppm respectively. The pyrolysis reaction with spent FCC catalyst at 150 C and 250 C using catalyst/sample ratio of 1:8 gave the following total concentrations 91.6869 and 81.6393 ppm respectively. The corresponding values obtained at 150 C and 250 C using catalyst/sample ratio of 1:16 were 210.2899 and 123.7272 ppm respectively. Fuel gases, gasoline range products and other organic gases were obtained even when the reaction took place at lower temperatures thereby minimizing the cost of energy.
{"title":"Low Temperature Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate","authors":"N. Surma, T. P.N., G. Ijuo","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0505005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0505005","url":null,"abstract":"Low temperature pyroylsis of polyethylene terepthalate (PET) was studied by adapting a pressure cooking pot of height 30.00 cm with an lnternal diameter of 31.50 cm. The pyrolysis reaction was done using fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst. The gases evolved during the pyrolysis reaction were collected in tedlar bags and analysis was done using a Buck 530 gas chromatogram. The pyrolysis reaction with fresh fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst at 150 C and 250 C using catalyst / sample ratio of 1:8 showed aliphatic hydrocarbons in the range of C1 – C10 with a total concentration of 485.8220 and 100.2732 ppm respectively. The corresponding values obtained at 150 C and 250 C using catalyst/sample ratio of 1:16 were 157.3500 and 84.1590 ppm respectively. The pyrolysis reaction with spent FCC catalyst at 150 C and 250 C using catalyst/sample ratio of 1:8 gave the following total concentrations 91.6869 and 81.6393 ppm respectively. The corresponding values obtained at 150 C and 250 C using catalyst/sample ratio of 1:16 were 210.2899 and 123.7272 ppm respectively. Fuel gases, gasoline range products and other organic gases were obtained even when the reaction took place at lower temperatures thereby minimizing the cost of energy.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85848484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2349-0403.0505002
K. Senthilkannan
Bis 2 Amino Pyridinium Maleate (B2APM) crystals are NLO in nature and are grown by solution growth method, since NLO materials are widely used for number of variety of applications such as ease of fabricating, high stability and wide range of transparency of light; they are proposed to be grown as the titled specimen. The single XRD data confirms that this crystal is having a as 21.760 Å, b as 23.555 Å, c as 5.626 Å, α = β = γ = 90o and the crystal is orthorhombic in nature, Fdd2 is the space group of Bis 2 Amino Pyri dinium Maleate crystals. Structure is the combination of 2C5H7N2+.C4H2O4-.
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