Ayodele Kamaldeen Raji, Idris Abiodun Aremu, A. W. Asaju-Gbolagade, K. Gbolagade
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) subsist on network of huge numbers of hubs that are distributed in unfriendly environments used for habitat monitoring and to observe changes in phenomena. These hubs are susceptible to faults such as energy exhaustion, hardware glitches, communication link errors, malicious attacks, which may lead to errors in message delivery. However, these systems are typically utilized to convey vital information in remote places. Thus, efficient error identification and correction is thereby required in order to maintain the accuracy of the received message. This paper aimed at designing high speed reverse converter for effective error control codes using Redundant Residue Number System in order to enhance the accuracy of messages delivered for real-time WSNs. In order to attain a greater error correction, a reverse converter which was based on Mixed Radix Conversion was designed for the moduli set {2n+1-1, 2n, 2n-1}. In addition to this moduli, an extra redundant moduli set{2n+1+3, 22n - 3} is also designed for higher correctness. For correction and identification of corrupted values in the original data, maximum likelihood was used. The results obtained show that the suggested moduli set offers low energy utilization and consistency of the received message in real time WSNs.
{"title":"Effective Error Control Scheme in Real-Time Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Ayodele Kamaldeen Raji, Idris Abiodun Aremu, A. W. Asaju-Gbolagade, K. Gbolagade","doi":"10.32350/sir.52.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.52.02","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) subsist on network of huge numbers of hubs that are distributed in unfriendly environments used for habitat monitoring and to observe changes in phenomena. These hubs are susceptible to faults such as energy exhaustion, hardware glitches, communication link errors, malicious attacks, which may lead to errors in message delivery. However, these systems are typically utilized to convey vital information in remote places. Thus, efficient error identification and correction is thereby required in order to maintain the accuracy of the received message. This paper aimed at designing high speed reverse converter for effective error control codes using Redundant Residue Number System in order to enhance the accuracy of messages delivered for real-time WSNs. In order to attain a greater error correction, a reverse converter which was based on Mixed Radix Conversion was designed for the moduli set {2n+1-1, 2n, 2n-1}. In addition to this moduli, an extra redundant moduli set{2n+1+3, 22n - 3} is also designed for higher correctness. For correction and identification of corrupted values in the original data, maximum likelihood was used. The results obtained show that the suggested moduli set offers low energy utilization and consistency of the received message in real time WSNs.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":"208 1-2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120935048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dyslipidemia and its high prevalence in patients of hypertension and other non-communicable diseases is increasing. The aim of current study was to highlight the dyslipidemia in apparently healthy population by lipid profiling in Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. 150 individuals apparently healthy and with no previous records of hyperlipidemia were recruited. Blood plasma samples were collected aseptically from healthy individuals for determination of lipid profile. Blood plasma samples were collected aseptically. Total cholesterol (TC) levels High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, Triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined. The 150 healthy subjects were between 20-70 years. Mean plasma levels of TC was 166.4 ±28.45 mg/dl, HDL-C was 48.34 ±8.79 mg/dl, 48.34 ±8.79 mg/dl, LDL-C was 87.42 ±29.82 mg/dl and TG were 151 ±65.92 mg/dl. TC and HDL-C levels were desirable and better. The level of LDL-C level below 100 mg/dl. The triglyceride level was recorded above upper limit. There is a need to investigate the problem of dyslipidemia at the community level. The high TC level in healthy population is an alarming situation and could be used to predict future complications associated with it.
{"title":"Dyslipidemia in Apparently Healthy Population of Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan","authors":"N. Muhammad, Shamsher Ullah, S. Safi","doi":"10.32350/sir.51.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.51.05","url":null,"abstract":"Dyslipidemia and its high prevalence in patients of hypertension and other non-communicable diseases is increasing. The aim of current study was to highlight the dyslipidemia in apparently healthy population by lipid profiling in Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. 150 individuals apparently healthy and with no previous records of hyperlipidemia were recruited. Blood plasma samples were collected aseptically from healthy individuals for determination of lipid profile. Blood plasma samples were collected aseptically. Total cholesterol (TC) levels High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, Triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined. The 150 healthy subjects were between 20-70 years. Mean plasma levels of TC was 166.4 ±28.45 mg/dl, HDL-C was 48.34 ±8.79 mg/dl, 48.34 ±8.79 mg/dl, LDL-C was 87.42 ±29.82 mg/dl and TG were 151 ±65.92 mg/dl. TC and HDL-C levels were desirable and better. The level of LDL-C level below 100 mg/dl. The triglyceride level was recorded above upper limit. There is a need to investigate the problem of dyslipidemia at the community level. The high TC level in healthy population is an alarming situation and could be used to predict future complications associated with it.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114968780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.32350/SIR/2020/44/1281
Abaid ur Rehman Virk
A topological index (TI) is a number that is helpful in predicting the properties of chemical compounds. We can estimate the physical and chemical properties of several chemical compounds. In this study, we compute Zagreb polynomials and the redefined Zagreb indices for chemical compounds used in the treatment of COVID-19 namely remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and theaflavin.
{"title":"Zagreb Polynomials and Redefined Zagreb Indices for Chemical Structures Helpful in the Treatment of COVID-19","authors":"Abaid ur Rehman Virk","doi":"10.32350/SIR/2020/44/1281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/SIR/2020/44/1281","url":null,"abstract":"A topological index (TI) is a number that is helpful in predicting the properties of chemical compounds. We can estimate the physical and chemical properties of several chemical compounds. In this study, we compute Zagreb polynomials and the redefined Zagreb indices for chemical compounds used in the treatment of COVID-19 namely remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and theaflavin.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124990936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Khalifa, M. Saeed, Muhammad Kamran Aslam, Asad Mehmood, S. Alodhaibi
Mass Media is the 3rd largest emerging industry of Pakistan. It involves so many decision making in regard to selection of shows, anchors, lighting and technical equipment. The problem becomes ambiguous as most of the channel owners are investors and seldom know about the complications and technicalities of this industry. Solutions given by fuzzy structures in different areas has provoked us to find their applications in the nexus of Mass Media. In this paper, we will present two problems which harnesses fuzzy soft set techniques and algorithm to come in to play for solving mass media decision making problem.
{"title":"Decision Making in Mass Media Using Fuzzy Soft Sets","authors":"H. Khalifa, M. Saeed, Muhammad Kamran Aslam, Asad Mehmood, S. Alodhaibi","doi":"10.32350/sir.42.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.42.05","url":null,"abstract":"Mass Media is the 3rd largest emerging industry of Pakistan. It involves so many decision making in regard to selection of shows, anchors, lighting and technical equipment. The problem becomes ambiguous as most of the channel owners are investors and seldom know about the complications and technicalities of this industry. Solutions given by fuzzy structures in different areas has provoked us to find their applications in the nexus of Mass Media. In this paper, we will present two problems which harnesses fuzzy soft set techniques and algorithm to come in to play for solving mass media decision making problem.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122911101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a powerful displaying, investigation and computational device, graph theory is widely used in biological mathematics to deal with various biology problems. In the field of microbiology, graphs can communicate the sub-atomic structure. Where cell, quality or protein can be indicated as a vertex, and the associate component can be viewed as an edge. Thusly, the biological activity characteristic can be measured via topological index computing in the comparing graphs. In this article, we for the most part concentrate some topological lists for the Corona virus graph. At first,we give a general type of M-polynomial. From the M-polynomial, we recoup some well-known degree-based topological lists, for example, First and Second Zagreb Indices, Second Modified Zagreb Index, Randic´ Index, General Randic´ Index, Symmetric Division Index, Harmonic Index, Inverse Sum Index, Augmented Zagreb Index. Our results are extensions of many existing results.
{"title":"Analysis of COVID-19 by Means of Graph Theory","authors":"Abaid ur Rehman Virik, Iqra Malik","doi":"10.32350/sir.42.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.42.04","url":null,"abstract":"As a powerful displaying, investigation and computational device, graph theory is widely used in biological mathematics to deal with various biology problems. In the field of microbiology, graphs can communicate the sub-atomic structure. Where cell, quality or protein can be indicated as a vertex, and the associate component can be viewed as an edge. Thusly, the biological activity characteristic can be measured via topological index computing in the comparing graphs. In this article, we for the most part concentrate some topological lists for the Corona virus graph. At first,we give a general type of M-polynomial. From the M-polynomial, we recoup some well-known degree-based topological lists, for example, First and Second Zagreb Indices, Second Modified Zagreb Index, Randic´ Index, General Randic´ Index, Symmetric Division Index, Harmonic Index, Inverse Sum Index, Augmented Zagreb Index. Our results are extensions of many existing results.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":"1202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134061812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-08DOI: 10.32350/sir/2020/42/977
M. Waqas
Lead halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention as optoelectronic materials because these materials have high photovoltaic conversion efficiency. The current study is based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). This theory was used to calculate the structural, optical, and electronic properties of the lead halide perovskites CsPbX3 (X = Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I)) compounds . In order to calculate the above mentioned properties of cubic perovskites CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I), Full Potential Linear Augmented Plane Wave (FP-LAPW) method was implemented in conjunction with DFT utilizing LDA, GGA-PBE and mBJ approximations. A good agreement was found between experimentally measured values and theoretically calculated lattice constants. These compounds have a direct and wide band gap located at the point of R-symmetry, while the band gap decreases from ‘Cl’ to ‘I’ down the group. The densities of electrons revealed a strong ionic bond between Cs and halides and a strong covalent bond between ‘Pb’ and (Cl, Br, and I). The dielectric functions (reflectivity, refractive indices, absorption coefficients), optical conductivities (real and imaginary part) and other optical properties indicated that these compounds have novel energy harvester applications. The modeling of these perovskite compounds shows that they have high absorption power and direct band gaps in visible ultraviolet range and it also shows that these compounds have potential applications in solar cells.
{"title":"First-Principle Study of the Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Cubic Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaic System","authors":"M. Waqas","doi":"10.32350/sir/2020/42/977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir/2020/42/977","url":null,"abstract":"Lead halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention as optoelectronic materials because these materials have high photovoltaic conversion efficiency. The current study is based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). This theory was used to calculate the structural, optical, and electronic properties of the lead halide perovskites CsPbX3 (X = Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I)) compounds . In order to calculate the above mentioned properties of cubic perovskites CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I), Full Potential Linear Augmented Plane Wave (FP-LAPW) method was implemented in conjunction with DFT utilizing LDA, GGA-PBE and mBJ approximations. A good agreement was found between experimentally measured values and theoretically calculated lattice constants. These compounds have a direct and wide band gap located at the point of R-symmetry, while the band gap decreases from ‘Cl’ to ‘I’ down the group. The densities of electrons revealed a strong ionic bond between Cs and halides and a strong covalent bond between ‘Pb’ and (Cl, Br, and I). The dielectric functions (reflectivity, refractive indices, absorption coefficients), optical conductivities (real and imaginary part) and other optical properties indicated that these compounds have novel energy harvester applications. The modeling of these perovskite compounds shows that they have high absorption power and direct band gaps in visible ultraviolet range and it also shows that these compounds have potential applications in solar cells.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131821695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Saeed, S. Naseer, S. Hussain, Muhammad Iqbal
Cassia fistula is widely utilized in conventional medicines against various diseases. The plant possesses diverse pharmacological characteristics including anti-tussive, hepatoprotective, anti-pyretic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-microbial, anti-itching, anti-ulcer, anti-epileptic, anti-fertility and wound healing characteristics. Its leaves and bark are used to treat skin diseases,while its roots are useful as diuretic and are used to treat tubercular glands, cardiac disorders, and ulcer. Its fruit pulp is used as a mild laxative in numerous stomach problems. Its flowers are used to treat leprosy, abdominal problems and fever and its seeds possess anti-pyretic, cooling and laxativeproperties. The plant isan important source of tannins, glycosides and flavonoides, linoleic, oleic, stearic and carbohydrates. Its leaves contain glycosides, free rhein, sennosides A and B, isofavoneoxalic acidsandoxyanthraquinones derivatives,while the stem bark contains lepeol, hexacosanol, tannins and B-sitosterol. The pulp is composed of carbohydrate, arginine, protein, leucine and flavonid-3-ol-subordinates. Its pods contain astringent matter, fistulic acids, glutten matter and kaempferol,whereas its seeds are rich in malvalic acid, sterculic acid and vernolic oil. Moreover, aurantimide, ceryl alcohol, kaempferol, anthraquinonees, bianthroquonones and glycosides basic oils are present in the flower.
{"title":"Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Effects of Cassia Fistula","authors":"Muhammad Saeed, S. Naseer, S. Hussain, Muhammad Iqbal","doi":"10.32350/sir.41.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.41.05","url":null,"abstract":"Cassia fistula is widely utilized in conventional medicines against various diseases. The plant possesses diverse pharmacological characteristics including anti-tussive, hepatoprotective, anti-pyretic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-microbial, anti-itching, anti-ulcer, anti-epileptic, anti-fertility and wound healing characteristics. Its leaves and bark are used to treat skin diseases,while its roots are useful as diuretic and are used to treat tubercular glands, cardiac disorders, and ulcer. Its fruit pulp is used as a mild laxative in numerous stomach problems. Its flowers are used to treat leprosy, abdominal problems and fever and its seeds possess anti-pyretic, cooling and laxativeproperties. The plant isan important source of tannins, glycosides and flavonoides, linoleic, oleic, stearic and carbohydrates. Its leaves contain glycosides, free rhein, sennosides A and B, isofavoneoxalic acidsandoxyanthraquinones derivatives,while the stem bark contains lepeol, hexacosanol, tannins and B-sitosterol. The pulp is composed of carbohydrate, arginine, protein, leucine and flavonid-3-ol-subordinates. Its pods contain astringent matter, fistulic acids, glutten matter and kaempferol,whereas its seeds are rich in malvalic acid, sterculic acid and vernolic oil. Moreover, aurantimide, ceryl alcohol, kaempferol, anthraquinonees, bianthroquonones and glycosides basic oils are present in the flower.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128051049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Naveed Jafar, M. Saqlain, Aasia Mansoob, Asma Riffat
These days, Google Map is used to find any location and/or to define the route to any given place. Its accuracy is up to 30 meters but if neutrosophic numbers are used, it gives more accuracy. To check the implementation of neutrosophic numbers in Google Map, a system is developed based on Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) using neutrosophic numbers to find the gas station which is nearest, less parking car units and with few traffic signals on the way. In this way, it takes less time to reach the available gas station. This system enables the driver to find a fuel station with more accuracy. We took five linguistic inputs including distance, gas availability, parking car unit, amount of gas, and the number of traffic signals to get one output, that is, time. We assigned different neutrosophic soft sets to each linguistic input. FLC inference was designed using 108 rules based on if-then statements to select time to reach the gas station. The results were verified by MATLAB’s Fuzzy Logic Toolbox.
{"title":"The Best Way to Access Gas Stations using Fuzzy Logic Controller in a Neutrosophic Environment","authors":"Muhammad Naveed Jafar, M. Saqlain, Aasia Mansoob, Asma Riffat","doi":"10.32350/sir.41.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.41.03","url":null,"abstract":"These days, Google Map is used to find any location and/or to define the route to any given place. Its accuracy is up to 30 meters but if neutrosophic numbers are used, it gives more accuracy. To check the implementation of neutrosophic numbers in Google Map, a system is developed based on Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) using neutrosophic numbers to find the gas station which is nearest, less parking car units and with few traffic signals on the way. In this way, it takes less time to reach the available gas station. This system enables the driver to find a fuel station with more accuracy. We took five linguistic inputs including distance, gas availability, parking car unit, amount of gas, and the number of traffic signals to get one output, that is, time. We assigned different neutrosophic soft sets to each linguistic input. FLC inference was designed using 108 rules based on if-then statements to select time to reach the gas station. The results were verified by MATLAB’s Fuzzy Logic Toolbox.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124037223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, semi-analytical solutions of time-fractional Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equations are obtained by using a novel variational technique. The method is based on the coupling of Laplace Transform Method (LTM) with Variational Iteration Method (VIM) and it was implemented on regular and modified KdV equations of fractional order in Caputo sense. Correction functionals were used in general Lagrange multipliers with optimality conditions via variational theory. The implementation of this method to non-linear fractional differential equations is quite easy in comparison with other existing methods.
{"title":"Semi-Analytical Solutions of Time-Fractional KdV and Modified KdV Equations","authors":"M. Arshad, J. Iqbal","doi":"10.32350/sir.34.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.34.04","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, semi-analytical solutions of time-fractional Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equations are obtained by using a novel variational technique. The method is based on the coupling of Laplace Transform Method (LTM) with Variational Iteration Method (VIM) and it was implemented on regular and modified KdV equations of fractional order in Caputo sense. Correction functionals were used in general Lagrange multipliers with optimality conditions via variational theory. The implementation of this method to non-linear fractional differential equations is quite easy in comparison with other existing methods.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132160971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ajwad, Abdullah, Muhammad Usman, Shakir Ahmad, U. Ilyas, Abdul Waqar Akhtar, B. Zahid
In this research, fine and coarse aggregates present in the concrete were replaced with steel dust and shred-like steel fibres respectively in different ratios and the effect of their replacement on the properties of concrete was studied. Eight batches of concrete were mixed, each with the mix proportion of 1:2:4 and water- cement ratio of 0.52. Batch A was of normal concrete. In batches B, C, and D, 5%, 10%, and 15% of sand was replaced with steel dust, respectively. In batches, E, F, and G, 2%, 5%, and 8% of coarse aggregates were replaced with steel fibres. In the last batch H, 5% of sand and 5% of coarse aggregates were replaced with steel fines and steel fibres, respectively. British as well as American standards were followed during the research. Slump test was performed in the fresh state of each mix to find the effect of these replacements on its workability. 12 cubes of 150mm × 150mm × 150mm for compressive strength test and 12 cylinders of 150mm diameter and 300mm height for tensile strength test were made for each batch to check their strength after every 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. It was found that the workability of fresh concrete decreases while the density of fresh as well as hardened concrete increases with these replacements. They also result in an increase in initial compressive strength and a decrease in final compressive strength as compared to those of normal concrete. As far as tensile strength is concerned, an increase in initial as well as final strength was observed.
{"title":"Enhancing Concrete Properties by Adding Shred-like Steel Fibres and Steel Dust","authors":"A. Ajwad, Abdullah, Muhammad Usman, Shakir Ahmad, U. Ilyas, Abdul Waqar Akhtar, B. Zahid","doi":"10.32350/SIR.33.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/SIR.33.05","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, fine and coarse aggregates present in the concrete were replaced with steel dust and shred-like steel fibres respectively in different ratios and the effect of their replacement on the properties of concrete was studied. Eight batches of concrete were mixed, each with the mix proportion of 1:2:4 and water- cement ratio of 0.52. Batch A was of normal concrete. In batches B, C, and D, 5%, 10%, and 15% of sand was replaced with steel dust, respectively. In batches, E, F, and G, 2%, 5%, and 8% of coarse aggregates were replaced with steel fibres. In the last batch H, 5% of sand and 5% of coarse aggregates were replaced with steel fines and steel fibres, respectively. British as well as American standards were followed during the research. Slump test was performed in the fresh state of each mix to find the effect of these replacements on its workability. 12 cubes of 150mm × 150mm × 150mm for compressive strength test and 12 cylinders of 150mm diameter and 300mm height for tensile strength test were made for each batch to check their strength after every 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. It was found that the workability of fresh concrete decreases while the density of fresh as well as hardened concrete increases with these replacements. They also result in an increase in initial compressive strength and a decrease in final compressive strength as compared to those of normal concrete. As far as tensile strength is concerned, an increase in initial as well as final strength was observed.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127137969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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