The idea of soft set was initiated by Molodstov. Soft sets have been used for decision making in dealing vague ideas. In this paper, soft sets are represented by bipartite graph. Operations on soft sets are also represented by bipartite graph.
{"title":"Representation of Soft Set and Its Operations by Bipartite Graph","authors":"Faiz Farid, M. Saeed, Muzammil Ali","doi":"10.32350/SIR.33.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/SIR.33.03","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of soft set was initiated by Molodstov. Soft sets have been used for decision making in dealing vague ideas. In this paper, soft sets are represented by bipartite graph. Operations on soft sets are also represented by bipartite graph.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125942095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adeel Ahmad, Sanagou Akram, M. F. Tabassum, A. Kausar, Nousheen Ilyas
This paper advocates Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) which evaluates the operation performance of airports using Fuzzy Simple Additive Weighting (FSAW) method. Assigned weights by decision- makers were in a linguistic form. These linguistic forms were converted into triangular fuzzy numbers. We chose three airports designated as A1, A2 and A3 and examined by four decision makers D1, D2, D3 and D4 under a fuzzy environment for performance against the chosen criteria. FSAW method gives similar decision results which shows that this method is effective, relevant and reliable for this kind of MCDM.
{"title":"Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Airport Operation Performance Using Triangular Fuzzy Numbers","authors":"Adeel Ahmad, Sanagou Akram, M. F. Tabassum, A. Kausar, Nousheen Ilyas","doi":"10.32350/SIR.33.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/SIR.33.01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper advocates Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) which evaluates the operation performance of airports using Fuzzy Simple Additive Weighting (FSAW) method. Assigned weights by decision- makers were in a linguistic form. These linguistic forms were converted into triangular fuzzy numbers. We chose three airports designated as A1, A2 and A3 and examined by four decision makers D1, D2, D3 and D4 under a fuzzy environment for performance against the chosen criteria. FSAW method gives similar decision results which shows that this method is effective, relevant and reliable for this kind of MCDM.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116159397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Saqlain, Kashaf Naz, Kashf Ghaffar, Muhammad, Naveed Jafar
In this research paper, the impact of water pH on detergent was measured by constructing a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers (IFNs) by incorporating three linguistic inputs and one output as taken by Saeed. M. et al. [1]. The inference process was carried out using MATLAB fuzzy logic toolbox and the results were compared with FLC based on fuzzy numbers. The objective of the study was the comparison of FLC based on intuitionistic and fuzzy numbers. The results showed that FLC based on IFNs is approximately the same but has more precise values. So, IFNs based FLC can be used in the Instinctive Laundry System.
{"title":"Fuzzy Logic Controller","authors":"M. Saqlain, Kashaf Naz, Kashf Ghaffar, Muhammad, Naveed Jafar","doi":"10.32350/SIR.33.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/SIR.33.02","url":null,"abstract":"In this research paper, the impact of water pH on detergent was measured by constructing a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers (IFNs) by incorporating three linguistic inputs and one output as taken by Saeed. M. et al. [1]. The inference process was carried out using MATLAB fuzzy logic toolbox and the results were compared with FLC based on fuzzy numbers. The objective of the study was the comparison of FLC based on intuitionistic and fuzzy numbers. The results showed that FLC based on IFNs is approximately the same but has more precise values. So, IFNs based FLC can be used in the Instinctive Laundry System. ","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127213527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this short paper, we study two new equilateral triangles associated with an arbitrary triangle and further generalizations.
在这篇短文中，我们研究了与任意三角形相关的两个新的等边三角形及其进一步的推广。
{"title":"Two New Equilateral Triangles Associated with a Triangle","authors":"D. Krishna","doi":"10.32350/SIR.33.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/SIR.33.04","url":null,"abstract":"In this short paper, we study two new equilateral triangles associated with an arbitrary triangle and further generalizations.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128298480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naji et al. introduced the leap Zagreb indices of a graph in 2017 which are new distance-degree-based topological indices conceived depending on the second degree of vertices. In this paper, we have defined the first and second leap reduced reciprocal Randic index and leap reduced second Zagreb index for selected wheel related graphs.
{"title":"On Leap Reduced Reciprocal Randic and Leap Reduced Second Zagreb Indices of Some Graphs","authors":"F. Dayan, M. Javaid, Muhammad Aziz ur Rehman","doi":"10.32350/SIR.32.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/SIR.32.04","url":null,"abstract":"Naji et al. introduced the leap Zagreb indices of a graph in 2017 which are new distance-degree-based topological indices conceived depending on the second degree of vertices. In this paper, we have defined the first and second leap reduced reciprocal Randic index and leap reduced second Zagreb index for selected wheel related graphs.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126976736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amna Abdul Sittar, Abdul Majeed, Abd. Rahni Mt. Piah
The B-spline curves, particularly trigonometric B-spline curves, have attained remarkable significance in the field of Computer Aided Geometric Designing (CAGD). Different researchers have developed different interpolants for shape designing using Ball, Bezier and ordinary B-spline. In this paper, quadratic trigonometric B-spline (piecewise) curve has been developed using a new basis for shape designing. The proposed method has one shape parameter which can be used to control and change the shape of objects. Different objects like flower, alphabet and vase have been designed using the proposed method. The effects of shape parameter and control points have been discussed also.
{"title":"Shape Designing Using Quadratic Trigonometric B-Spline Curves","authors":"Amna Abdul Sittar, Abdul Majeed, Abd. Rahni Mt. Piah","doi":"10.32350/SIR.32.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/SIR.32.05","url":null,"abstract":"The B-spline curves, particularly trigonometric B-spline curves, have attained remarkable significance in the field of Computer Aided Geometric Designing (CAGD). Different researchers have developed different interpolants for shape designing using Ball, Bezier and ordinary B-spline. In this paper, quadratic trigonometric B-spline (piecewise) curve has been developed using a new basis for shape designing. The proposed method has one shape parameter which can be used to control and change the shape of objects. Different objects like flower, alphabet and vase have been designed using the proposed method. The effects of shape parameter and control points have been discussed also.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130353028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rogério César dos Santos, Ana Clara Oliveira Comby, R. N. D. Silva
The famous theorem of Van Aubel for quadrilaterals postulates that if squares are built externally on the sides of any quadrilateral, then the two segments that join the opposing centers of these squares are congruent and orthogonal. Inspired by this result and also by the results of Krishna, in this article we will prove the following result of plane geometry: each octagon is associated with a parallelogram, in some cases the parallelogram in question can be degenerate at a point or a segment. This is possible because of complex numbers and basics of analytical geometry.
{"title":"A Curious Property of Octagons","authors":"Rogério César dos Santos, Ana Clara Oliveira Comby, R. N. D. Silva","doi":"10.32350/SIR.32.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/SIR.32.01","url":null,"abstract":"The famous theorem of Van Aubel for quadrilaterals postulates that if squares are built externally on the sides of any quadrilateral, then the two segments that join the opposing centers of these squares are congruent and orthogonal. Inspired by this result and also by the results of Krishna, in this article we will prove the following result of plane geometry: each octagon is associated with a parallelogram, in some cases the parallelogram in question can be degenerate at a point or a segment. This is possible because of complex numbers and basics of analytical geometry.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120957064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this article is to review the genetic basis of mulberry silkworm to understand the mystery of silk production and the silkworm’s role as a model organism. Data regarding mulberry silkworm’s genetic diversity, genetic bases of silk production, gene mapping and chromosomal properties was reviewed. Findings illustrated that genetic variability exists among mulberry silkworms of different geographical regions. Hence, it acts as an indicator of the genetic bases of silk production since it is higher in males, although sex is primarily determined by females. Studies have revealed that chromosomes in mulberry silkworm are holocentric and gene mapping provides an insight into the accurate location of silk genes on chromosomes. It is concluded that the genetic study of silkworm is useful due to its commercial and economic significance and it is the crucial need of sericulture industry to enhance its output by collecting information about superior silkworm breeds. Hence, further research should be carried out to explore the hidden facts about mulberry silkworm.
{"title":"An Insight into Genomics of Mulberry Silkworm","authors":"Maimoona Kanwal, Waqar Younus, M. Hussain","doi":"10.32350/SIR.32.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/SIR.32.02","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to review the genetic basis of mulberry silkworm to understand the mystery of silk production and the silkworm’s role as a model organism. Data regarding mulberry silkworm’s genetic diversity, genetic bases of silk production, gene mapping and chromosomal properties was reviewed. Findings illustrated that genetic variability exists among mulberry silkworms of different geographical regions. Hence, it acts as an indicator of the genetic bases of silk production since it is higher in males, although sex is primarily determined by females. Studies have revealed that chromosomes in mulberry silkworm are holocentric and gene mapping provides an insight into the accurate location of silk genes on chromosomes. It is concluded that the genetic study of silkworm is useful due to its commercial and economic significance and it is the crucial need of sericulture industry to enhance its output by collecting information about superior silkworm breeds. Hence, further research should be carried out to explore the hidden facts about mulberry silkworm.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130250616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioactive materials have received much consideration in the last couple of years because of their astounding properties in various fields. Bioactive Glasses (BGs) are utilized as part of biomedical applications, such as antibacterial materials. BGs can be delivered by means of dissolve extinguishing strategy or sol-gel technique. Bactericidal silver-doped sol-gel inferred mesoporous silica-based bioactive glasses were accounted for the first time in 2000, having the synthesis 76SiO2-19CaO-2P2O5-3Ag2O (wt%) and a mean pore width of 28 nm. Bioactive glasses doped with metallic elements such as silver, copper, zinc, cerium and gallium are the focus of this audit in which SiO2, SiO2-CaO and SiO2-CaO-P2O5 frameworks are incorporated as the parent glass creations. Run of the mill uses of mesoporous BGs doped with antibacterial particles incorporate bone tissue recovery, multifunctional earthenware coatings for orthopedic gadgets and orbital inserts, scaffolds with upgraded angiogenesis potential, osteostimulation and antibacterial properties for the treatment of various bone imperfections and also in wound recuperating.
生物活性材料由于其在各个领域的惊人性能，近年来受到了人们的广泛关注。生物活性玻璃(BGs)被用作生物医学应用的一部分，如抗菌材料。可采用溶解灭火法或溶胶-凝胶技术来释放BGs。2000年首次报道了杀菌剂掺杂银溶胶-凝胶推断的介孔硅基生物活性玻璃，合成了76SiO2-19CaO-2P2O5-3Ag2O (wt%)，平均孔径为28 nm。掺入银、铜、锌、铈和镓等金属元素的生物活性玻璃是本次审计的重点，其中SiO2、SiO2- cao和SiO2- cao - p2o5框架被纳入母玻璃创作。普通用途的掺有抗菌颗粒的介孔BGs包括骨组织修复，用于骨科器械和眶内植入的多功能陶器涂层，具有升级血管生成潜力的支架，骨刺激和抗菌特性，用于治疗各种骨缺陷和伤口恢复。
{"title":"Nature and Therapeutic Potential of Silica-based Mesoporous Bioactive Glass","authors":"M. Ikram, S. Hussain, M. Javed","doi":"10.32350/SIR.32.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/SIR.32.03","url":null,"abstract":"Bioactive materials have received much consideration in the last couple of years because of their astounding properties in various fields. Bioactive Glasses (BGs) are utilized as part of biomedical applications, such as antibacterial materials. BGs can be delivered by means of dissolve extinguishing strategy or sol-gel technique. Bactericidal silver-doped sol-gel inferred mesoporous silica-based bioactive glasses were accounted for the first time in 2000, having the synthesis 76SiO2-19CaO-2P2O5-3Ag2O (wt%) and a mean pore width of 28 nm. Bioactive glasses doped with metallic elements such as silver, copper, zinc, cerium and gallium are the focus of this audit in which SiO2, SiO2-CaO and SiO2-CaO-P2O5 frameworks are incorporated as the parent glass creations. Run of the mill uses of mesoporous BGs doped with antibacterial particles incorporate bone tissue recovery, multifunctional earthenware coatings for orthopedic gadgets and orbital inserts, scaffolds with upgraded angiogenesis potential, osteostimulation and antibacterial properties for the treatment of various bone imperfections and also in wound recuperating.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123487203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Saqlain, Sadia Fareed, Naveed Jafar, Asma Riffat, Ghulam Murtaza
Newtonian Fluid Flow Problems (NFFPs) of Stokes’ first theorem for suddenly started and suddenly stopped plate are solved by Elzaki Transform Method and the results are identical to those of Laplace Transform and Sumudu Transform. It shows that the said method is very effective due to smaller computation period. The results are verified by graphing the outcome of all the transforms and by calculating their computation period, so that NFFP can be easily solved by Elzaki Transform Method to avoid lengthy calculations.
{"title":"Comparison of Computation Period for Some Newtonian Fluid Flow Problems by Elzaki, Sumudu and Laplace Transform","authors":"Muhammad Saqlain, Sadia Fareed, Naveed Jafar, Asma Riffat, Ghulam Murtaza","doi":"10.32350/sir.31.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.31.06","url":null,"abstract":"Newtonian Fluid Flow Problems (NFFPs) of Stokes’ first theorem for suddenly started and suddenly stopped plate are solved by Elzaki Transform Method and the results are identical to those of Laplace Transform and Sumudu Transform. It shows that the said method is very effective due to smaller computation period. The results are verified by graphing the outcome of all the transforms and by calculating their computation period, so that NFFP can be easily solved by Elzaki Transform Method to avoid lengthy calculations.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122250382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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