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Proceedings Frontiers in Education 1995 25th Annual Conference. Engineering Education for the 21st Century最新文献

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Institutionalizing large scale change 使大规模变革制度化
T. Regan, P. Minderman
The ECSEL Coalition of Seven Engineering Schools is sponsored by the National Science Foundation and has as a primary mission the integration of engineering design into the curriculum. We emphasize beginning in the first year with the first course that introduces engineering. The schools are Howard University, MIT: Morgan State University, Penn State University, City College of New York, University of Washington and the University of Maryland. The ECSEL approach to freshman engineering education features new curricular materials and teaching methods and has as its objectives the following: (1) to introduce students to engineering as a discipline and as a process; (2) to introduce engineering skills, including critical thinking, negotiating, engineering graphics, and societal context; (3) to reinforce general skills such as writing and oral presentations; (4) to familiarize students with the teamwork necessary to complete most engineering tasks successfully; (5) to introduce engineering software tools such as word processing, engineering graphics (CAD), and spreadsheet calculations; and (6) to relate subsequent engineering science courses to engineering design. Students complete one or more product realization cycle(s) in a semester. They work in teams and design, manufacture and test an engineering product.
七所工程学院的ECSEL联盟是由美国国家科学基金会赞助的,其主要任务是将工程设计融入课程。我们强调从第一年的第一门课程开始介绍工程。这些学校是霍华德大学、麻省理工学院、摩根州立大学、宾夕法尼亚州立大学、纽约城市学院、华盛顿大学和马里兰大学。ECSEL大一工程教育方法的特点是新的课程材料和教学方法,其目标如下:(1)向学生介绍工程作为一门学科和一个过程;(2)引入工程技能,包括批判性思维、谈判、工程制图和社会背景;(3)加强一般技能,如写作和口头陈述;(4)使学生熟悉成功完成大多数工程任务所必需的团队合作;(5)引入文字处理、工程制图(CAD)、电子表格计算等工程软件工具;(6)将后续的工程科学课程与工程设计联系起来。学生在一个学期内完成一个或多个产品实现周期。他们在团队中工作,设计、制造和测试工程产品。
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引用次数: 2
Integration of design education, research and practice at Carnegie Mellon University: a multi-disciplinary course in wearable computer design 卡内基梅隆大学设计教育、研究与实践的整合:可穿戴计算机设计的多学科课程
Cristina H. Amon, S. Finger, D. Siewiorek, A. Smailagic
The Engineering Design Research Center (EDRC) at Carnegie Mellon University has created a two-semester design course that integrates research and education though industrially sponsored design projects. Over each of the six semesters that the course has been taught, teams of undergraduate and graduate students have designed, fabricated, and delivered a new generation of wearable computers. The Wearable Computer Design course at the EDRC is cross-disciplinary and inter-departmental, drawing students from four colleges in nine disciplines including five engineering departments (chemical engineering, civil and environmental engineering, electrical and computer engineering, mechanical engineering, and engineering and public policy), architecture, computer science, industrial administration and industrial design, The students in this course learn about design theory and practice, participate in research, and successfully deliver products to sponsors. Furthermore, the students are exposed to the complete cycle of design from concept through initial theoretical modeling and design, multi-disciplinary design tradeoffs to manufacturing, and finally to customer satisfaction and user feedback. This class also serves as a testbed for learning about the needs of a multi-disciplinary design team, for anticipating the needs of geographically-distributed design teams, for reflecting on the interplay between product design and design process, and for evaluating the design tools and design methodologies that have been developed at the EDRC. The paper describes the evolution of the Wearable Computer Design course, the integration of design education, design research and design practice in an interdepartmental course. It also describes the interplay between disciplines, between theory, practice and education, and between designers and users.
卡内基梅隆大学的工程设计研究中心(EDRC)开设了一门两学期的设计课程,通过工业赞助的设计项目将研究和教育结合起来。在这门课程讲授的六个学期中,本科生和研究生团队设计、制造并交付了新一代可穿戴计算机。电子设计学院的可穿戴式计算机设计课程是一门跨学科、跨部门的课程,招收了来自四个学院九个学科的学生,包括五个工程系(化学工程系、土木与环境工程系、电气与计算机工程系、机械工程系、工程与公共政策系)、建筑学、计算机科学、工业管理和工业设计。参与研究,并成功地将产品交付给赞助商。此外,学生将接触到完整的设计周期,从概念到最初的理论建模和设计,多学科设计权衡到制造,最后到客户满意度和用户反馈。本课程也是学习多学科设计团队需求的测试平台,用于预测地理分布的设计团队的需求,用于反思产品设计和设计过程之间的相互作用,以及评估在EDRC开发的设计工具和设计方法。本文描述了可穿戴计算机设计课程的发展历程,以及跨院系课程中设计教育、设计研究和设计实践的融合。它还描述了学科之间、理论、实践和教育之间以及设计师和用户之间的相互作用。
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引用次数: 20
Statistical analysis of students' performance in new engineering science core courses with economic and design concepts 基于经济与设计理念的新工程科学核心课程学生成绩统计分析
W. Callen, S.M. Jeter, A. Koblasz, G. Thuesen, H. Leep, H. Parsaei, T. A. Weigel, J.T. Luxhoi, C.S. Park, W. Sullivan
This paper presents the results of statistical analysis conducted on the data collected from a four-year project funded by National Science Foundation. The primary objective of this multi-year, project involving five institutions was to determine the performance of the engineering students in a core of four integrated engineering science courses featuring advanced design and economic content.
本文介绍了对美国国家科学基金资助的一个为期四年的项目所收集的数据进行统计分析的结果。这个涉及五所院校的多年项目的主要目标是确定工程专业学生在四门以先进设计和经济内容为特色的综合工程科学核心课程中的表现。
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引用次数: 0
Incorporating 3D modeling and visualization in the first year engineering curriculum 在第一年的工程课程中加入3D建模和可视化
L. Richards
We describe how 3D modeling and visualization have been incorporated into a first year engineering concepts course at the University of Virginia. Previously we eliminated the traditional engineering graphics course and integrated that material into other courses. We now introduce geometric modeling, computer aided design, and the basic ideas of visualization to our students during their first semester. In their first CAD lesson, our students learn to construct a solid model, to view it from multiple perspectives and to render it. The second lesson introduces Boolean operations; the third, working in multiple spaces, the fourth, a variety of solid modeling techniques, and the fifth annotating a model. A sixth lesson covers the fundamental ideas of rendering. Thus, we start with three dimensional thinking and emphasize the importance of modeling and visualization to the engineering design process. Students find this approach exciting, challenging, and relevant. They learn to capture their ideas as 3D models, and gain an early understanding of the role of design in engineering.
我们描述了如何将3D建模和可视化纳入弗吉尼亚大学一年级的工程概念课程。以前,我们取消了传统的工程图学课程,并将其整合到其他课程中。在第一学期,我们将向学生介绍几何建模、计算机辅助设计和可视化的基本概念。在他们的第一堂CAD课程中,我们的学生学习构建一个实体模型,从多个角度来看待它并渲染它。第二课介绍布尔运算;第三,在多个空间中工作,第四,各种实体建模技术,第五,注释一个模型。第六课涵盖了渲染的基本思想。因此,我们从三维思维开始,强调建模和可视化对工程设计过程的重要性。学生们发现这种方法令人兴奋,具有挑战性和相关性。他们学会捕捉他们的想法作为3D模型,并获得设计在工程中的作用的早期理解。
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引用次数: 5
An introduction to engineering design: teaching the engineering process through teaming and the continuous improvement philosophy 工程设计导论:通过团队合作和持续改进的理念来教授工程过程
L. Bellamy, B. McNeill, J. Balley, R. Roedel, W. Moor, I. Zwiebel, D. Laananen
Summary form only given, as follows. We describe a first year required course in engineering design, initiated at ASU in the Fall'94 semester. The organizing thread and philosophy for the course is the process of engineering, utilizing teaming and continuous improvement, based on Deming's fourteen points. Process is defined as a collection of interrelated tasks that take one from input to output in the engineering environment. The course has three components: Process Concepts, Design Laboratory, and Computer Modeling. In the concepts section, the emphasis is on a problem solving heuristic similar to the Deming Plan-Do-Check-Act process or the Boeing Seven Step problem solving process. The concepts section meets once a week for two hours in a large, multimedia classroom with a center podium and tables for teams of four students. The capacity of the concepts class is 120 students. The design laboratory component of the class has two main portions: (1) A Mechanical Dissection and Reassembly of an Artifact, in which the reassembly process is developed, documented, and evaluated using community volunteers for testing, and (2) An Artifact Design for Reproducible Performance in which an object is designed, constructed, and evaluated. In the Fall '94 semester students dissected a telephone for the reassembly process and constructed a mouse trap powered model airplane launcher for the artifact design process. In the computer modeling component of the course, students learn how to develop models conceptually and then evaluate these models with Excel spreadsheets and TKSolver. Nine different computer models are generated and evaluated in this portion of the course, which meets in a computer classroom which contains approximately 25 computers. The class combines active learning and technology enhanced education. More details of the course content and the assessment and evaluation of the student performance will be described in the talk.
仅给出摘要形式,如下。我们描述了一门工程设计的第一年必修课,在亚利桑那州立大学94年秋季学期开始。本课程的组织思路和理念是基于戴明十四点的工程过程,利用团队合作和持续改进。过程被定义为工程环境中从输入到输出的相互关联的任务的集合。本课程有三个组成部分:过程概念、设计实验室和计算机建模。在概念部分,重点是解决问题的启发式方法,类似于戴明计划-执行-检查-行动过程或波音七步问题解决过程。概念课每周一次,每次两小时,在一个大的多媒体教室里上课,教室中央有一个讲台和供四名学生组成的小组使用的桌子。概念课的容量是120名学生。本课程的设计实验室部分有两个主要部分:(1)人工制品的机械解剖和重组,其中重组过程是由社区志愿者开发、记录和评估的;(2)可重复性能的人工制品设计,其中设计、构建和评估一个对象。在1994年秋季学期,学生剖析了一个电话的重组过程,并构建了一个鼠夹动力模型飞机发射器的工件设计过程。在本课程的计算机建模部分,学生将学习如何从概念上开发模型,然后使用Excel电子表格和TKSolver对这些模型进行评估。在这部分课程中,将生成并评估九种不同的计算机模型,课程在包含大约25台计算机的计算机教室中进行。该课程结合了主动学习和技术强化教育。更多关于课程内容和学生表现评估的细节将在讲座中介绍。
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引用次数: 2
Freshmen can do rigorous open-ended design 大一新生可以做严格的开放式设计
R. McConnell, W. Venable, A. Stiller
The College of Engineering at West Virginia University is experimenting with a new approach to freshmen engineering courses. These courses are based on engineering design projects, but the focus is on integrating math and science course material into the design project. Thus, to do the design, students are asked to utilize math and science principles from their courses via models for the design object. The results of the student designs indicate that mathematically rigorous and scientifically sound designs can be accomplished by freshmen students. Many of the freshmen designs rival upper class designs for similar projects.
西弗吉尼亚大学(West Virginia University)工程学院正在试验一种针对大一新生的工程课程的新方法。这些课程以工程设计项目为基础,但重点是将数学和科学课程材料融入设计项目。因此,在进行设计时,要求学生通过设计对象的模型来利用他们课程中的数学和科学原理。学生设计的结果表明,大一学生可以完成数学严谨、科学合理的设计。许多大一新生的设计可以与高年级学生的设计相媲美。
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引用次数: 7
Systems model for learning 学习系统模型
P. Buriak, B. McNurlen, J. Harper
Develops a model of learning that differs greatly from traditional or intuitive models. This hard system is specifically designed for the context of problem-solving/higher-order thinking, rather than automatic learning. Research in educational psychology and cognitive science provides the basis for the model. Learning is the integration of new knowledge/behaviors into a framework, and subsequently recalling what is relevant in the appropriate situation. To understand learning, we must consider how new information is received and the stages through which new information is processed as it progresses from immediate sensory experience to long-term storage. It is also important to understand how novices and experts organize, analyze or encode, and then retrieve necessary information. In this particular case, engineering students are the novices and engineering educators are the experts. Teaching consists of organizing, planning, delivering and evaluating the content of the subject area. Teaching problem-solving in science requires a deep understanding of the subject matter, as well as an appreciation of the characteristics of the students, of presentation skills, and of evaluation techniques. This study presents a soft systems model for the craft of teaching, and develops a hard systems model for the science of learning.
开发一种与传统或直觉模型大不相同的学习模型。这个硬系统是专门为解决问题/高阶思考而设计的,而不是自动学习。教育心理学和认知科学的研究为该模型提供了基础。学习是将新的知识/行为整合到一个框架中,然后在适当的情况下回忆起相关的内容。为了理解学习,我们必须考虑新信息是如何被接收的,以及新信息从即时感官体验到长期存储的过程中被处理的各个阶段。了解新手和专家如何组织、分析或编码,然后检索必要的信息也很重要。在这种特殊情况下,工程专业的学生是新手,而工程教育工作者是专家。教学包括组织、计划、传递和评估学科领域的内容。在科学教学中解决问题需要对主题有深刻的理解,也需要对学生的特点、表达技巧和评价技巧有深刻的理解。本研究提出了教学工艺的软系统模型,并开发了学习科学的硬系统模型。
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引用次数: 4
Hierarchical microcontext technology and graph environment PYTHAGORAS 层次微上下文技术与图形环境PYTHAGORAS
V. V. Prokhorov
The research is devoted to a micro context approach to computer technology education and to engineering of languages and software. The main idea for education is to study at first not a large multiparadigm language (such as Pascal or Logo), but the set of orthogonal microlanguages. Then to decompose any development task into micro contexts; each of them can best be supported with its specific micro sub language and to input and to interpret such multilevel specification in composite media. This has to include a set of independent components; each serves a specific kind of work with a specific primitive microlanguage (editing, compiling, interpreting, etc.). We propose always preparing a large language when studying a hierarchy of micro sub languages. The approach is assisted by the PYTHAGORAS media. Characteristic features of the PYTHAGORAS are microlanguage technology support, and an inclination to a "game style" based work.
本研究致力于将微环境方法应用于计算机技术教育和语言与软件工程。教育的主要思想是首先学习的不是大型的多范式语言(如Pascal或Logo),而是一组正交的微语言。然后将任何开发任务分解为微观环境;它们中的每一个都可以用其特定的微子语言得到最好的支持,并在复合媒体中输入和解释这种多层规范。这必须包含一组独立的组件;每一个都使用一种特定的原始微语言(编辑、编译、解释等)来完成一种特定的工作。我们建议在研究微子语言的层次结构时,总是准备一个大语言。该方法由毕达哥拉斯媒体辅助。PYTHAGORAS的特点是支持微语言技术,并倾向于基于“游戏风格”的工作。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancement of intuitive reasoning through precision teaching and simulations 通过精确的教学和模拟,提高学生的直觉推理能力
E. Thomas, J. Marr, N. Walker
We have studied how performance on the E&M (Electricity and Magnetism) portion of an Introductory Physics course may be enhanced by the careful choice of the exercises that the students perform. Exercises and homework problems are of two types; direct problems involve little more than the entry of numbers into a basic equation; and indirect problems requiring a solution strategy involving various subgoals which must be identified and achieved. By concentrating first on the development of basic skills through the technique of precision teaching and the use of simple direct problems, we show significant long term performance improvement, particularly among students at risk. We further examine how computer simulations can enhance intuitive reasoning and how the choice of a structured set of homework problems enhanced performance.
我们已经研究了如何通过仔细选择学生所做的练习来提高物理导论课程中电磁学部分的成绩。练习和家庭作业问题有两种类型;直接问题只不过是把数字输入一个基本方程;间接的问题需要一个解决策略,包括必须确定和实现的各种子目标。通过精确的教学技术和简单的直接问题的使用,我们首先专注于基本技能的发展,我们显示出显著的长期表现改善,特别是在有风险的学生中。我们进一步研究了计算机模拟如何增强直观推理,以及选择一组结构化的家庭作业问题如何提高成绩。
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引用次数: 6
Improving student information system design through evaluation and selection of an appropriate CASE tool 通过评估和选择合适的CASE工具来改进学生信息系统的设计
M. Wallace, J. A. Crow
Most undergraduate information Systems courses use some sort of Computer-Aided Systems and Software Engineering (CASE) tool to help the System Designers (cadets) graphically depict the proposed System under construction. Currently, at the United States Military Academy, we are in the process of identifying, evaluating and selecting an appropriate CASE tool for use by our Computer Science Engineering Sequence cadets. The cadets who will use the CASE tool are seniors completing a capstone design project with a local client. They have become system designers who must build an Information System to meet the needs of their client. The cadets only have 2 semesters to learn how to use a CASE tool and apply it to their system design using the six phases of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The current CASE tool available to them is very robust and non user-friendly. As a result, little value is currently gained from the use of this CASE tool. That is why it is vital that a new user friendly CASE tool is acquired. We have developed a ten step method that will evaluate and select the most user friendly and cost efficient CASE tool for the cadets, which will ultimately improve present and future information System Designs. This method can take up to ten months from developing a initial scoring criterion to the final selection and procurement of a meaningful CASE tool.
大多数本科信息系统课程使用某种计算机辅助系统和软件工程(CASE)工具来帮助系统设计师(学员)以图形方式描述正在构建的拟议系统。目前,在美国军事学院,我们正在识别、评估和选择一个合适的CASE工具,以供我们的计算机科学工程序列学员使用。将使用CASE工具的学员是与当地客户一起完成顶点设计项目的高年级学生。他们已经成为系统设计师,必须建立一个信息系统来满足客户的需求。学员们只有两个学期的时间来学习如何使用CASE工具,并通过系统开发生命周期(SDLC)的六个阶段将其应用到他们的系统设计中。目前可供他们使用的CASE工具非常健壮,而且不方便用户使用。因此,目前从使用这个CASE工具中获得的价值很少。这就是为什么获得一个新的用户友好的CASE工具是至关重要的。我们已经开发了一个十步方法,将评估和选择最友好的用户和成本效益的案例工具的学员,这将最终改善当前和未来的信息系统设计。从开发一个初始的评分标准到最终选择和采购一个有意义的CASE工具,这种方法可能需要长达10个月的时间。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Proceedings Frontiers in Education 1995 25th Annual Conference. Engineering Education for the 21st Century
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