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Proceedings Frontiers in Education 1995 25th Annual Conference. Engineering Education for the 21st Century最新文献

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Teaching about values and engineering: the American electric utility industry as a case study 价值与工程的教学:以美国电力事业为个案研究
R. Hirsh
Engineering students are often forced to take courses in the humanities and social sciences. Even so, they rarely learn how to bridge the gap between the technical and nontechnical world. As a result, they usually fail to understand the significance of values in the every-day functioning of their craft. This paper describes a class module designed for the SUCCEED program at Georgia Tech that seeks to remedy this failure. It employs a case study of the American electric utility industry to demonstrate how power company managers-usually trained as engineers-adopted a value system based on growth in electricity consumption and big new technology. For decades, the public and utility regulators shared that value system, but when the energy crisis struck in the 1970s, the public and regulators adopted low-growth and environmentally-conscious values that conflicted with those held by managers. Ultimately, managers lost control over the industry. Today's turmoil in the utility industry can be explained partly by the changing value systems. Telling the story in the course module should alert engineering students to the importance of values and the social fabric as they practice their profession.
工科学生经常被迫选修人文和社会科学的课程。即便如此,他们也很少学会如何弥合技术和非技术世界之间的鸿沟。因此,他们通常不能理解价值观在他们的日常工作中的重要性。本文介绍了为佐治亚理工学院的SUCCEED项目设计的一个课程模块,旨在弥补这一缺陷。它以美国电力行业为例,展示了电力公司的管理者——通常是工程师——是如何采用一种基于电力消费增长和大型新技术的价值体系的。几十年来,公众和公用事业监管机构分享了这种价值体系,但当20世纪70年代能源危机爆发时,公众和监管机构采用了与管理者持有的低增长和环保意识相冲突的价值观。最终,管理者失去了对行业的控制。今天公用事业行业的动荡,部分可以用价值体系的变化来解释。在课程模块中讲故事应该提醒工程专业的学生在实践他们的专业时,价值观和社会结构的重要性。
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引用次数: 2
Utilization of active and cooperative learning in EE courses: three classes and the results 主动合作学习在情感表达课程中的运用:三节课及效果
K. Watson
Educational researchers confirmed that active learning strategies will result in more retention of subject matter and a deeper comprehension of the concepts covered in a class. In part this is due to the fact that these strategies require that the learner assume more responsibility, during class, for the learning environment. In conjunction with active learning, much interest has been focused on cooperative learning strategies, which require that the students operate in a more cooperative, or team, mode versus the more traditional competitive modes. In this paper three electrical engineering courses at Texas A&M University which incorporated various active and cooperative learning strategies are presented. The information does not deepen the already present research on these strategies. However, it does present detailed examples of the assignments made which utilized active and cooperative learning, the adaptations in student grading procedures which were made, the attitudes of the students during the courses, and a brief follow-up on the students a year after the courses.
教育研究人员证实,积极的学习策略将导致更多的主题内容的保留和更深的理解所涵盖的概念在课堂上。部分原因是这些策略要求学习者在课堂上对学习环境承担更多的责任。与主动学习相结合,合作学习策略引起了人们的极大兴趣,它要求学生以更合作或团队的方式进行学习,而不是以更传统的竞争模式进行学习。本文介绍了得克萨斯农工大学的三门电子工程课程,这些课程采用了多种主动合作学习策略。这些信息并没有加深目前对这些策略的研究。然而,它确实提供了使用主动和合作学习的作业的详细例子,所做的学生评分程序的调整,学生在课程中的态度,以及课程结束一年后对学生的简短随访。
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引用次数: 26
Fluids transport competition-an integration of quality management and technical skill 流体运输竞争——质量管理与技术技能的结合
R. Knecht
A first year engineering design sequence provides an opportunity to combine technical and team skills to successfully resolve open-ended problems. These problems provide students with a unique opportunity to develop management and communications skills to sell their technical ideas. The purpose of the quality management project is to modify this project-based curriculum with an emphasis on quality management. Quality management encompasses an organization and procedures to provide a product and service that respond to the needs of the customer. A survey of students' perceptions of quality management tied characteristics of educational and student quality to business quality. The benefit was a creative and exciting laboratory which simulated today's decision-making environments.
第一年的工程设计课程提供了一个结合技术和团队技能来成功解决开放式问题的机会。这些问题为学生提供了一个独特的机会来发展管理和沟通技巧,以推销他们的技术理念。质量管理项目的目的是修改以项目为基础的课程,强调质量管理。质量管理包括提供满足顾客需求的产品和服务的组织和程序。一项关于学生对质量管理的看法的调查将教育和学生质量的特点与企业质量联系起来。这样做的好处是建立了一个创造性的、令人兴奋的实验室,模拟了当今的决策环境。
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引用次数: 0
Polytechnic University's paradigm for graduate manufacturing engineering education 理工大学制造工程研究生教育的范例
C. Hoover
The paper describes Polytechnic University's Graduate Program in Manufacturing Engineering. We have developed a manufacturing engineering program focused on generally applicable methods that serves the needs of students, industry and the university effectively. The experimental approach we advocate and teach is portable, broadly applicable, inexpensive to implement and well-tuned to producing increased productivity and profitability in military and commercial firms alike. Our approach concentrates on methods that increase profitability and competitiveness by improving quality, cycle-time, design and production. The program is offered full-time and part-time. Full-time students can obtain the M.S. degree in one year. Because the methods we teach are generally applicable they are portable. They are equally applicable in defense and commercial manufacturing and contribute strongly to developing the "dual-use" capability sought by the APRA/TRP program. Within the University the program is cost-effective helps to prepare students to work in the industrial environment, and helps to develop fruitful relationships with industry.
本文介绍了工业大学制造工程研究生课程。我们开发了一个制造工程项目,专注于普遍适用的方法,有效地满足学生、工业和大学的需求。我们提倡和教授的实验方法是可移植的,广泛适用的,实施成本低廉,并且能够很好地提高军事和商业公司的生产力和盈利能力。我们的方法集中于通过改进质量、周期、设计和生产来提高盈利能力和竞争力的方法。该课程分为全日制和非全日制。全日制学生可以在一年内获得硕士学位。因为我们教的方法是普遍适用的,所以它们是可移植的。它们同样适用于国防和商业制造,并为发展APRA/TRP计划所寻求的“两用”能力做出了巨大贡献。在大学内,该计划具有成本效益,有助于为学生在工业环境中工作做好准备,并有助于与工业界建立富有成效的关系。
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引用次数: 1
Using the World Wide Web to teach biological engineering 利用万维网教授生物工程
S. Blanchard, Scott A. Hale
Two courses, BAE235: Engineering Biology (http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/bae/courses/bae235/) and BAE465: Biomedical Engineering Applications (http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/-bae/courses/bae465/), in the Biological Engineering curriculum of the Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department at North Carolina State University have made extensive use of the World Wide Web (1) to distribute course materials to students, (2) to obtain supplementary information from throughout the world, and (3) to provide a vehicle for multimedia student projects. Hot links were provided from the syllabus to the instructional objectives for the topics covered in each course. The "Engineering Biology" course also had links to homework assignments, to supplementary materials e.g. the Human Genome Project, and to instructional objectives for each lab. An e-mailer was provided to allow BAE235 students to send anonymous feedback to the instructors. Students in "Biomedical Engineering Applications" were given homework assignments which involved using the World Wide Web to find the home pages of other biological and biomedical engineering programs and to find examples of topics they were studying in class. In addition, the BAE465 students worked in groups to produce electronic term projects. Each group made an on-line presentation of its project to the class at the end of the term. These projects will form the basis for an introductory electronic textbook on biomedical engineering which will be available to the global community. BAE465 projects have also been linked to relevant topics in the syllabus for BAE235.
两门课程,BAE235:工程生物学(http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/bae/courses/bae235/)和BAE465;北卡罗莱纳州立大学生物与农业工程系生物工程课程中的生物医学工程应用(http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/-bae/courses/bae465/)广泛使用万维网(1)向学生分发课程材料,(2)从世界各地获取补充信息,(3)为学生的多媒体项目提供工具。提供了从教学大纲到每门课程所涵盖主题的教学目标的热点链接。“工程生物学”课程还与家庭作业、补充材料(如人类基因组计划)以及每个实验室的教学目标相关联。BAE235的学生可以通过电子邮件向老师发送匿名反馈。“生物医学工程应用”的学生被布置了家庭作业,其中包括使用万维网找到其他生物和生物医学工程项目的主页,并找到他们在课堂上学习的主题示例。此外,BAE465的学生们以小组为单位制作电子学期项目。每个小组都在学期结束时向全班做了一个关于其项目的在线报告。这些项目将构成向全球提供的生物医学工程入门电子教科书的基础。BAE465项目也与BAE235教学大纲中的相关主题相关联。
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引用次数: 13
Student peer evaluations using the analytic hierarchy process method 采用层次分析法对学生进行同伴评价
L. Frair
Employment of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assess the contributions of engineering student team members is described. The students perform this assessment as well as the instructor. The assessments are correlated with the individual team role assignments to making a final determination of the contribution of the individual to the team effort. Using this evaluation technique appears to provide candid student peer input for evaluations. AHP can be characterized as a multi-criteria decision technique in which qualitative factors are of prime of importance. A model of the problem is developed using a hierarchical representation. At the top of the hierarchy is the overall goal or prime objective one is seeking to fulfil. The succeeding lower levels then represent the progressive decomposition of the problem. The knowledgeable parties complete a pair-wise comparison of all entries in each level relative to each of the entries in the next higher level of the hierarchy. The composition of these judgments fixes the relative priority of the entities at the lowest level relative to achieving the top-most objective. A description of AHP for teams within a production engineering class is described. First, the lack of success with traditional student questionnaires to assess team performance is described, followed by a description of what appear to be more meaningful results when AHP is used. Finally, several complicating factors associated with this experiment, some tentative conclusions and a recommendation for continued investigation of the use of AHP for student evaluations are described.
运用层次分析法(AHP)评估工程学生团队成员的贡献。学生和老师一样进行评估。评估与个人团队角色分配相关联,以最终确定个人对团队工作的贡献。使用这种评估技术似乎为评估提供了坦率的学生同伴输入。层次分析法是一种多准则决策技术,其中定性因素是最重要的。该问题的模型是使用分层表示来开发的。在层次结构的顶端是一个人寻求实现的总体目标或主要目标。随后的较低级别代表了问题的逐步分解。知识渊博的各方完成每一层中的所有条目相对于层次结构的下一层中的每个条目的成对比较。这些判断的构成将主体相对于实现最高目标的相对优先级固定在最低水平。描述了在生产工程类中对团队使用AHP的描述。首先,描述了传统学生问卷评估团队绩效的不足,然后描述了使用AHP时似乎更有意义的结果。最后,介绍了与本实验相关的几个复杂因素,一些初步结论和对继续调查使用AHP进行学生评估的建议。
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引用次数: 20
The first telecommunications engineering undergraduate program at Mexico 墨西哥第一个电信工程本科项目
A. Herrera, J. Reyes
In Mexico, there were, until 1992, twelve engineering schools offering communication courses in areas of speciality in bachelor programs of different names. However, many private and public companies have shown insufficient human resources in this area. Meanwhile, the development of telecommunications has been growing exponentially in this country. Also in 1992, the Engineering School of the National Autonomous University of Mexico introduced a new undergraduate program in telecommunications engineering, the first one in Mexico. Small changes have been made in 1995 to follow international requirements, with the purpose of obtaining accreditation by other countries, especially by the other NAFTA countries. We present some characteristics of the program.
在墨西哥,直到1992年,有12所工程学校提供不同名称的学士学位专业领域的通信课程。然而,许多私营和上市公司在这方面的人力资源不足。与此同时,电信的发展在这个国家呈指数级增长。同样在1992年,墨西哥国立自治大学工程学院开设了一个新的电信工程本科课程,这是墨西哥的第一个。1995年根据国际要求作了一些小改动,目的是获得其他国家,特别是其他北美自由贸易协定国家的认可。我们提出了该方案的一些特点。
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引用次数: 0
Centralized use of laboratory equipment for engineering education at SUT 中山科技大学工程教育实验室设备的集中使用
V. Mangclaviraj, S. Sujitjorn, A. Intrachun
Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) is a newly established state university in Thailand. It is aimed at being the first fully autonomous one in the country. SUT's management principle of centralized and shared responsibilities is implemented at the Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment (CSTE), such that centralized utilization of laboratory equipment can be achieved. This paper describes the organizational arrangement of the center and its management of laboratories for engineering education. Finally, a manufacturing process laboratory set up for 750 engineering students, and a fundamental electrical engineering laboratory set up for 500 non-electrical engineering students are exemplified, with managerial aspects emphasized.
Suranaree University of Technology (SUT)是泰国一所新成立的国立大学。它的目标是成为该国第一个完全自主的汽车。科技装备中心实行集中责任共担的管理原则,实现实验室设备的集中利用。本文介绍了工程教育实验室中心的组织安排及其管理。最后,以面向750名工科学生的制造工艺实验室和面向500名非电气专业学生的基础电气工程实验室为例,强调了管理方面的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Incorporating study skills in a freshman engineering course 将学习技巧融入大一工程课程
A. Stiller, W. Venable, R. McConnell
Freshman engineering at West Virginia University is being revised. Our long standing commitment to design projects is retained, but goals are changing to include greater use of mathematics and computers and emphasis on college survival skills. Survival skills am divided into two areas: personal study habits and group study. A poll was taken of seniors, asking how much time they had spent on freshman courses. The same survey was given to the freshmen. The results were presented to the freshmen. Students wrote a schedule of classes and amusement time and the remaining time was discussed. We tried to help students decide how to use time efficiently. We reviewed the study habits of successful people, and note taking and homework exercises were discussed. Teaching styles, the utility of "old tests", preparation for tests, and test taking skills were reviewed. The engineering reliance on team work was discussed. Students were organized into study groups, and group study sessions were planned. The group concept as reinforced by the faculty throughout the course. Math homework was assigned to be done by the groups. Quizzes were given where the grade depends upon the group score. At this point, the results are primarily anecdotal. They appear to show the value of group study. Simple instruction in study skills by itself did nor produce the same success which was accomplished by the group activities m e conclude that reaching "how to study" is not as effective as teaching group study. Thus the focus should not be on simply teaching study skill but rather in teaching group study habits and enforcing this group activity.
西弗吉尼亚大学的大一工程专业正在进行修订。我们长期以来一直致力于设计项目,但目标正在改变,包括更多地使用数学和计算机,并强调大学生存技能。生存技能分为两个方面:个人学习习惯和小组学习。在高年级学生中进行了一项调查,询问他们在大一课程上花了多少时间。对新生进行了同样的调查。结果呈现给新生。学生们写下了上课和娱乐时间的时间表,并讨论了剩余的时间。我们试图帮助学生决定如何有效地利用时间。我们回顾了成功人士的学习习惯,并讨论了笔记和家庭作业。回顾了教学风格、“旧考试”的应用、考试准备和应试技巧。讨论了工程对团队工作的依赖。学生们被组织成学习小组,并计划小组学习。在整个课程中,团队概念得到了教师的强化。数学作业是由小组来完成的。小测验的分数取决于小组的分数。在这一点上,结果主要是轶事。他们似乎显示了小组学习的价值。简单的学习技巧指导本身并不能产生小组活动所取得的同样的成功。我的结论是,达到“如何学习”不如教小组学习有效。因此,重点不应该是简单地教授学习技巧,而应该是教授小组学习习惯并加强这种小组活动。
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引用次数: 5
Integrating composition in math, science and engineering courses 整合数学、科学和工程课程中的作文
V. M. Johnson
Most mathematics, science and engineering classrooms rarely give students opportunities to write other than traditional note-taking and laboratory report-writing. New ways of writing in these classrooms should be investigated and, if appropriate with learning objectives, implemented. This research focuses specifically on the possibility of integrating writing-to-learn assignments into an undergraduate physics course. 63 undergraduate physics students were involved in this study. 50 males and 13 females participated. There were 2 Asians, 2 African-Americans, 49 Caucasians, 2 Hispanics, 2 Indians, and 6 who did not indicate ethnicity. 13 majors were also represented. The students were given a list of studying techniques and asked to mark which ones they currently used and which ones they do not use but would use if it was proven beneficial. The students were asked to choose among drawing diagrams, reading the text, rewriting concepts in their own words, study groups and working problems. Of the current techniques surveyed, writing was the least used but was the most likely to be used if they were convinced of its benefits.
大多数数学、科学和工程教室很少给学生写作的机会,除了传统的记笔记和写实验报告。在这些课堂上,应该研究新的写作方式,如果符合学习目标,应该实施。本研究特别关注在本科物理课程中整合写作学习作业的可能性。本研究共涉及63名物理系本科生。50名男性和13名女性参与了研究。2名亚洲人,2名非裔美国人,49名高加索人,2名西班牙人,2名印度人,6名未注明种族。13个专业也有代表。学生们拿到了一份学习技巧的清单,并被要求标出哪些是他们目前使用的,哪些是他们不使用的,但如果证明是有益的,他们会使用。学生们被要求在绘制图表、阅读课文、用自己的话重写概念、学习小组和解决问题之间进行选择。在目前被调查的技术中,写作是使用最少的,但如果他们确信它的好处,它是最有可能被使用的。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Proceedings Frontiers in Education 1995 25th Annual Conference. Engineering Education for the 21st Century
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