Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.03
V. Leth, C. Andreasen
Cirsiumarvense is a noxious perennial weed which has become an increasing problem in North European countries partly because of restriction in use of effective herbicides.Mechanical weedingislabour intensive and expensive and therefore there is a need for an additional method likebiological control. An isolate PKDK101 of the fungus Phomopsiscirsii, which is virulent to C. arvense causing stem canker and die back was chosen to test the specificity of the fungus. A series of infection trials were successively carried out on 127 plant species (incl. ssp. and var.) belonging to 16 families in greenhouses in order to encircle the host range of P. cirsii. Susceptible plant species were found only in the thistle group (Cardueae) which contained 34 species belonging to 12 genera. Susceptible species were found in thirteen of these genera. Highly susceptible species included Carduusacanthoides, Carduuspycnocephalus, Cirsiumeriophorum, Cnicusbenedictus, Galactitestomentosa, Notobasissyriaca, Silybummarianum and Tyrimnusleucographus, which showed symptoms from girdling of stem, heart rot in rosettes to death of entire plants. Mild and restricted symptoms were observed on Carduuscrispus, Carduusnutans, Cirsium echinus, Cirsiumvulgare and Cynaracardunculusvar.scolymus (artichoke) with symptoms such as restricted necrotic leaf spots and too early senescence or death of entire leaf. Eleven hosts for P. cirsii were recorded but despite the expanded range of hosts we expect that its host range will be within Cardueae.P.cirsii,poses multi-target potential against several annual and biennial weedy thistles from warmer climates. The pathogenicity of P. cirsii towards the artichoke, however, could limit its field of application especially in the Mediterranean area. The potential of P. cirsii as a control agent, in areas where artichokes are cultivated, would depend on the existence of P.cirsii resistant varieties or the existence of P.cirsiiisolates non-pathogenic to artichoke.
{"title":"The host range of Phomopsis cirsii; a potential biological control agent of Cirsium arvense.","authors":"V. Leth, C. Andreasen","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.03","url":null,"abstract":"Cirsiumarvense is a noxious perennial weed which has become an increasing problem in North European countries partly because of restriction in use of effective herbicides.Mechanical weedingislabour intensive and expensive and therefore there is a need for an additional method likebiological control. An isolate PKDK101 of the fungus Phomopsiscirsii, which is virulent to C. arvense causing stem canker and die back was chosen to test the specificity of the fungus. A series of infection trials were successively carried out on 127 plant species (incl. ssp. and var.) belonging to 16 families in greenhouses in order to encircle the host range of P. cirsii. Susceptible plant species were found only in the thistle group (Cardueae) which contained 34 species belonging to 12 genera. Susceptible species were found in thirteen of these genera. Highly susceptible species included Carduusacanthoides, Carduuspycnocephalus, Cirsiumeriophorum, Cnicusbenedictus, Galactitestomentosa, Notobasissyriaca, Silybummarianum and Tyrimnusleucographus, which showed symptoms from girdling of stem, heart rot in rosettes to death of entire plants. Mild and restricted symptoms were observed on Carduuscrispus, Carduusnutans, Cirsium echinus, Cirsiumvulgare and Cynaracardunculusvar.scolymus (artichoke) with symptoms such as restricted necrotic leaf spots and too early senescence or death of entire leaf. Eleven hosts for P. cirsii were recorded but despite the expanded range of hosts we expect that its host range will be within Cardueae.P.cirsii,poses multi-target potential against several annual and biennial weedy thistles from warmer climates. The pathogenicity of P. cirsii towards the artichoke, however, could limit its field of application especially in the Mediterranean area. The potential of P. cirsii as a control agent, in areas where artichokes are cultivated, would depend on the existence of P.cirsii resistant varieties or the existence of P.cirsiiisolates non-pathogenic to artichoke.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"10 1","pages":"279-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90513796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.04
M. T. Rabbani, A. Mirlohi, G. Saeidi, M. Sabzalian
Segregation distortion (SD) which is defined as a significant deviat ion of the observed genotypic frequencies of a locus from the expected Mendelian ratios is a common phenomenon in most mapping studies. This study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence, of the nature and level of the segregation distortion in three wide crosses of Carthamus tinctorius L. and C. oxyacanthus Bieb. using ISSR fingerprinting. Like other interspecific crosses, and since these two species have characters which could be capable of distorting segregation, we expected the segregation distortion could possibly occur. Our results showed that only one population (C4110 × Isf2) deviated fro m the expected ratio of 1:1 and the other two populations (Isf2 × C4110 and C111 × Isf2) exh ibited no distortion. Moreover, the heterogeneity chi square test over the populations indicated that the populations were homogeneous and showed no distortion. It seems that the observed distortion in population C4110 × Isf2 may be due to both genotyping errors and self-incompatib ility and, other expected distorting factors could not induce any deviations. This proportion of d istortion is the lowest range of distortion in interspecific crosses seen yet. Surprisingly, cyto-nuclear interactions could significantly increase the inherited maternal-specific markers. In addit ion, our results confirm that the two species of C. tinctorius and C. oxyacanthus have strongly close relationships and interspecific hybridizat ion between two species could directly be exploited in broadening the genetic base of safflower and improving the crop for biotic and environmental ab iotic stresses. Also, our result suggests that ISSR molecu lar markers can be an effective and promising marker system allowing for the establishment of a linkage map along with other molecular markers.
{"title":"An Evaluation of Segregation Distortion in Wide Crosses of Safflower","authors":"M. T. Rabbani, A. Mirlohi, G. Saeidi, M. Sabzalian","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.04","url":null,"abstract":"Segregation distortion (SD) which is defined as a significant deviat ion of the observed genotypic frequencies of a locus from the expected Mendelian ratios is a common phenomenon in most mapping studies. This study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence, of the nature and level of the segregation distortion in three wide crosses of Carthamus tinctorius L. and C. oxyacanthus Bieb. using ISSR fingerprinting. Like other interspecific crosses, and since these two species have characters which could be capable of distorting segregation, we expected the segregation distortion could possibly occur. Our results showed that only one population (C4110 × Isf2) deviated fro m the expected ratio of 1:1 and the other two populations (Isf2 × C4110 and C111 × Isf2) exh ibited no distortion. Moreover, the heterogeneity chi square test over the populations indicated that the populations were homogeneous and showed no distortion. It seems that the observed distortion in population C4110 × Isf2 may be due to both genotyping errors and self-incompatib ility and, other expected distorting factors could not induce any deviations. This proportion of d istortion is the lowest range of distortion in interspecific crosses seen yet. Surprisingly, cyto-nuclear interactions could significantly increase the inherited maternal-specific markers. In addit ion, our results confirm that the two species of C. tinctorius and C. oxyacanthus have strongly close relationships and interspecific hybridizat ion between two species could directly be exploited in broadening the genetic base of safflower and improving the crop for biotic and environmental ab iotic stresses. Also, our result suggests that ISSR molecu lar markers can be an effective and promising marker system allowing for the establishment of a linkage map along with other molecular markers.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"288-293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76604839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.05
A. Mansaray, A. Sundufu, A. Samura, F. B. Massaquoi, D. D. Quee, S. Fomba, M. Moseray
Reports of damage by grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus (L.) to cassava and other crops has increased in recent years. The attack on cassava is particularly threatening to the livelihood of many poor subsistence farmers in Sierra Leone. As such, an evaluation was conducted to investigate the use of host plant resistance as an alternative method of managing grasshopper rather than the sole reliance on chemicals. The experiment was laid out in a randomized co mplete block design with three rep lications. Two b locks were used (protected and unprotected) with twenty cassava varieties (Slicass 1 05-21, VT 05-02, Slicass 2, SN 05-22, Slicass 1 05-14, Slicass 2 05-17, Slicass 5, VT 05-07, SN 05-41, Slicass 1 05-05, 97/ 3202-05-04, Slicass 4, Slicass 1 05-42, SN 05-17, Slicass 1, Local, 97/ 0057-05-04, Slicass 6, 97/0057-05-01 and Slicass 2 05-13) in each block. Pest assessments was done at 3, 6, 9 and 12 Months After Planting (MAP) which co incides with the various seasons; rain, dry and dry-rainy transition periods. Significant differences were recorded in percentage incidence and severity score with respect to cassava variety and time of observation. While seven cassava varieties (Slicass 5, VT05-02, Slicass 4, 97/0057-05-04, 97/0057-05-01, slicass 6 and Slicass 1 05-21) were found to be less susceptible to Z. variegatus (L.), four varieties (Slicass 2 05-17, Slicass1 05-41, Slicass 2 05-13 and 97/005-05-04) out yielded (in terms of tuber weight and nu mber) the released varieties during the two cropping seasons. Percent incidence and severity score was relatively high at 6MAP and 9MAP. Overall, tuber weight and number were higher in the protected plot compared to the unprotected plot during the two cropping seasons. Hence, protecting cassava field fro m grasshopper infestation may increase yield, number o f tubers and invariably the production of good quality planting material that is resistance to grasshopper attack.
{"title":"Cassava Genotype Evaluation for Grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) Susceptibility in Southern Sierra Leone","authors":"A. Mansaray, A. Sundufu, A. Samura, F. B. Massaquoi, D. D. Quee, S. Fomba, M. Moseray","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.05","url":null,"abstract":"Reports of damage by grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus (L.) to cassava and other crops has increased in recent years. The attack on cassava is particularly threatening to the livelihood of many poor subsistence farmers in Sierra Leone. As such, an evaluation was conducted to investigate the use of host plant resistance as an alternative method of managing grasshopper rather than the sole reliance on chemicals. The experiment was laid out in a randomized co mplete block design with three rep lications. Two b locks were used (protected and unprotected) with twenty cassava varieties (Slicass 1 05-21, VT 05-02, Slicass 2, SN 05-22, Slicass 1 05-14, Slicass 2 05-17, Slicass 5, VT 05-07, SN 05-41, Slicass 1 05-05, 97/ 3202-05-04, Slicass 4, Slicass 1 05-42, SN 05-17, Slicass 1, Local, 97/ 0057-05-04, Slicass 6, 97/0057-05-01 and Slicass 2 05-13) in each block. Pest assessments was done at 3, 6, 9 and 12 Months After Planting (MAP) which co incides with the various seasons; rain, dry and dry-rainy transition periods. Significant differences were recorded in percentage incidence and severity score with respect to cassava variety and time of observation. While seven cassava varieties (Slicass 5, VT05-02, Slicass 4, 97/0057-05-04, 97/0057-05-01, slicass 6 and Slicass 1 05-21) were found to be less susceptible to Z. variegatus (L.), four varieties (Slicass 2 05-17, Slicass1 05-41, Slicass 2 05-13 and 97/005-05-04) out yielded (in terms of tuber weight and nu mber) the released varieties during the two cropping seasons. Percent incidence and severity score was relatively high at 6MAP and 9MAP. Overall, tuber weight and number were higher in the protected plot compared to the unprotected plot during the two cropping seasons. Hence, protecting cassava field fro m grasshopper infestation may increase yield, number o f tubers and invariably the production of good quality planting material that is resistance to grasshopper attack.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"113 1","pages":"294-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80655247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.02
C. Ezeh, C. Anyiro, N. Q. Obioma, Obioha. C. Maduagwu
The study analysed empirically the demand structure and the consumption of garri in Owerri North L.G.A. of Imo state, Nigeria and sought to determine the factors that influence the monthly budget share for garri at low, med iu m and high income levels, estimate own price, cross price and income elasticit ies of demand for garri and as well to determine the factors that influence preference for a part icular garri brand. In order to achieve this mandate, Simple random and judgmental samp ling techniques were used to select communit ies, their markets and 80 respondents. A set of pretested and structured questionnaire was used in data collection. Mu ltiple regression model, demand elasticity indicators and logit regression model were the tools of analysis adopted for th is study. The result of the mult iple regression analysis with semi log, as lead equation showed that the critical and significant determinants of monthly budget share for garri among lo w inco me consumers were household size, price of garri and monthly incomes at given levels. The comb ined effect of all the variab les explained 77.8% of the variation in the monthly budget share for garri at 1.0% risk level. The result of the mult iple regression analysis with exponential functional form as the lead equation showed the critical and significant determinants of monthly budget share for garri among the middle income consumers were nu mber of years spent in school, household size and monthly inco mes. All the variables exp lained 81.8% of the variation in the monthly budget share for garri among the middle income consumers. The result also showed that the own price elasticity of demand for garri was 0.03 while cross elasticity of demand fo r garri and fufu, samovita, yam floor and cassava floor were 2.3,1.8, 1.4 and 1.4 respectively. The inco me elasticity of demand for garri was 0.3. The logistic regression estimat ion showed that the determinants for preference of garri include price, colour perception, age and education which were statistically significant at 1.0% risk level. It was reco mmended that there is the need for all consumers in different income strata (low, mediu m and high) to patronize garri of all colours in order to act as impetus to farmers to produce more and increase their inco me.
该研究实证分析了需求结构和garri在尼日利亚伊莫州的Owerri North L.G.A.的消费，并试图确定影响garri在低、中、高收入水平的月度预算份额的因素，估计garri需求的自身价格、交叉价格和收入弹性，以及确定影响对特定garri品牌偏好的因素。为了实现这一任务，使用简单的随机和判断抽样技术来选择社区，他们的市场和80名受访者。数据收集采用一套预测的结构化问卷。本研究采用多元回归模型、需求弹性指标和logit回归模型作为分析工具。半对数多元回归分析结果表明，家庭规模、garri价格和特定水平下的月收入是影响低收入消费者每月garri预算份额的关键因素。所有变量的综合效应解释了1.0%风险水平下garri每月预算份额变化的77.8%。以指数函数形式作为主导方程的多元回归分析结果显示，中等收入消费者每月教育预算份额的关键和显著决定因素是受教育年限、家庭规模和月收入。所有变量都能解释中等收入消费者每月预算份额的81.8%的变化。garri需求的自身价格弹性为0.03，而garri与fufu、samovita、山药地板和木薯地板的交叉弹性分别为2.3、1.8、1.4和1.4。garri需求的收入弹性为0.3。logistic回归估计表明，价格、颜色感知、年龄和受教育程度是影响鸡鸡偏好的决定因素，在1.0%的风险水平上具有统计学意义。有人建议，不同收入阶层(低、中、高)的所有消费者都有必要光顾各种颜色的肉酱，以推动农民生产更多的肉酱，增加收入。
{"title":"Demand Structure and the Consumption of Garri in Owerri North Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria.","authors":"C. Ezeh, C. Anyiro, N. Q. Obioma, Obioha. C. Maduagwu","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.02","url":null,"abstract":"The study analysed empirically the demand structure and the consumption of garri in Owerri North L.G.A. of Imo state, Nigeria and sought to determine the factors that influence the monthly budget share for garri at low, med iu m and high income levels, estimate own price, cross price and income elasticit ies of demand for garri and as well to determine the factors that influence preference for a part icular garri brand. In order to achieve this mandate, Simple random and judgmental samp ling techniques were used to select communit ies, their markets and 80 respondents. A set of pretested and structured questionnaire was used in data collection. Mu ltiple regression model, demand elasticity indicators and logit regression model were the tools of analysis adopted for th is study. The result of the mult iple regression analysis with semi log, as lead equation showed that the critical and significant determinants of monthly budget share for garri among lo w inco me consumers were household size, price of garri and monthly incomes at given levels. The comb ined effect of all the variab les explained 77.8% of the variation in the monthly budget share for garri at 1.0% risk level. The result of the mult iple regression analysis with exponential functional form as the lead equation showed the critical and significant determinants of monthly budget share for garri among the middle income consumers were nu mber of years spent in school, household size and monthly inco mes. All the variables exp lained 81.8% of the variation in the monthly budget share for garri among the middle income consumers. The result also showed that the own price elasticity of demand for garri was 0.03 while cross elasticity of demand fo r garri and fufu, samovita, yam floor and cassava floor were 2.3,1.8, 1.4 and 1.4 respectively. The inco me elasticity of demand for garri was 0.3. The logistic regression estimat ion showed that the determinants for preference of garri include price, colour perception, age and education which were statistically significant at 1.0% risk level. It was reco mmended that there is the need for all consumers in different income strata (low, mediu m and high) to patronize garri of all colours in order to act as impetus to farmers to produce more and increase their inco me.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"273-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79322500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.01
O. Ilesanmi, P. Oguntunde, A. Olufayo
This study re-examined the BM N model making use of the Sig ma Plot software (based on the Levenberg - Marquardt algorithm) to generate modified versions of the BMN model that are specific for Ibadan, Kano and Onne and one version which applicable across the country, correcting some perceived shortcomings of the BMN. Records of climat ic variables (So lar radiat ion, Maximu m and Min imu m Temperature, Maximu m and M inimu m Relat ive Hu mid ity and Wind speed) were collected fro m three International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Stations in Ibadan, Kano and Onne. For Ibadan, a 36-year (1973 - 2008) record was obtained, for Kano, a 29-year (1980 - 2008) record was obtained and for Onne, a 31-year (1977 - 2006) record was obtained. Evapotranspiration rates for each of the stations were then estimated using the FAO56-PM model. ETo estimates fro m the FAO56-PM model were thereafter used to recalibrate the BM N model, generating new model constants for Ibadan, Kano, Onne and a model co mb ining the climatic characteristics of the three stations. The re-calibrated BM N model had h igher correlat ion values of 0.74, 0.79 and 0.75 for Ibadan, Onne and Kano respectively when compared with the FAO-56 model than the Original BM N model when compared with the FAO56-PM model with values of 0.7, 0.77 and 0.75 respectively for Ibadan, Onne and Kano.
{"title":"Re-examination of the BMN Model for Estimating Evapotranspiration","authors":"O. Ilesanmi, P. Oguntunde, A. Olufayo","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.01","url":null,"abstract":"This study re-examined the BM N model making use of the Sig ma Plot software (based on the Levenberg - Marquardt algorithm) to generate modified versions of the BMN model that are specific for Ibadan, Kano and Onne and one version which applicable across the country, correcting some perceived shortcomings of the BMN. Records of climat ic variables (So lar radiat ion, Maximu m and Min imu m Temperature, Maximu m and M inimu m Relat ive Hu mid ity and Wind speed) were collected fro m three International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Stations in Ibadan, Kano and Onne. For Ibadan, a 36-year (1973 - 2008) record was obtained, for Kano, a 29-year (1980 - 2008) record was obtained and for Onne, a 31-year (1977 - 2006) record was obtained. Evapotranspiration rates for each of the stations were then estimated using the FAO56-PM model. ETo estimates fro m the FAO56-PM model were thereafter used to recalibrate the BM N model, generating new model constants for Ibadan, Kano, Onne and a model co mb ining the climatic characteristics of the three stations. The re-calibrated BM N model had h igher correlat ion values of 0.74, 0.79 and 0.75 for Ibadan, Onne and Kano respectively when compared with the FAO-56 model than the Original BM N model when compared with the FAO56-PM model with values of 0.7, 0.77 and 0.75 respectively for Ibadan, Onne and Kano.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"33 1","pages":"268-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73658596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.14
T. O. Amusa, S. Jimoh
Among the key uncertainties in the sustainable management of forest for non-timber forest products (NTFPs) is the high diversity of species and paucity of information on indigenous use pattern. In designing appropriate strategies for sustainable management of non-timber forest products, therefore, it is important to identify species with high local impor- tance with the potential for sustainable and profitable extraction in a managed system. In this study, we assessed the use of two quantitative techniques including the Use-Value index (Phillips and Gentry, 1993) and Assigned-Value approach (Adeola et al., 1994), as procedures for prioritization of NTFP species in a tropical lowland rainforest ecosystem, Omo Forest Reserve (OFR), southwest Nigeria. A simple random sampling approach was employed to obtain data on the uses of NTFP species through semi-structured interview of 81 households in four communities within the reserve. Descriptively, the data were analyzed using frequency distribution, tables, chart and percentages. The Spearman correlation coefficient was em- ployed to test for relationship between the values obtained for each of the two techniques. Results obtained for both tech- niques were fairly positively correlated (ρ = 0.59; P < 0.01), suggesting a cautious interchangeable use of the techniques for the same end. Based on our findings, we posit that in evaluating forest and NTFPs for local importance and use, the end objectives of such evaluation must be critically examined in the light of the interest of the different respondents' group.
非木材林产品森林可持续管理的主要不确定因素之一是物种高度多样化和缺乏关于土著利用模式的资料。因此，在为非木材林产品的可持续管理设计适当战略时，重要的是确定在当地具有高度重要性的物种，这些物种在管理系统中具有可持续和有利可图的开采潜力。在这项研究中，我们评估了两种定量技术的使用情况，包括使用价值指数(Phillips and Gentry, 1993)和分配价值方法(Adeola et al.， 1994)，作为尼日利亚西南部热带低地雨林生态系统Omo Forest Reserve (OFR)中NTFP物种优先排序的程序。采用简单随机抽样的方法，对保护区内4个社区的81户家庭进行了半结构化访谈，获得了NTFP物种利用情况的数据。描述性地，使用频率分布、表格、图表和百分比对数据进行分析。采用斯皮尔曼相关系数来检验两种技术所得值之间的关系。两种技术得到的结果相当正相关(ρ = 0.59;P < 0.01)，提示为同一目的谨慎地互换使用这些技术。根据我们的研究结果，我们认为在评估森林和非森林保护区对当地的重要性和利用时，必须根据不同答复者群体的利益严格审查这种评估的最终目标。
{"title":"Determining the Local Importance of Non-Timber Forest Products Using Two Different Prioritization Techniques","authors":"T. O. Amusa, S. Jimoh","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.14","url":null,"abstract":"Among the key uncertainties in the sustainable management of forest for non-timber forest products (NTFPs) is the high diversity of species and paucity of information on indigenous use pattern. In designing appropriate strategies for sustainable management of non-timber forest products, therefore, it is important to identify species with high local impor- tance with the potential for sustainable and profitable extraction in a managed system. In this study, we assessed the use of two quantitative techniques including the Use-Value index (Phillips and Gentry, 1993) and Assigned-Value approach (Adeola et al., 1994), as procedures for prioritization of NTFP species in a tropical lowland rainforest ecosystem, Omo Forest Reserve (OFR), southwest Nigeria. A simple random sampling approach was employed to obtain data on the uses of NTFP species through semi-structured interview of 81 households in four communities within the reserve. Descriptively, the data were analyzed using frequency distribution, tables, chart and percentages. The Spearman correlation coefficient was em- ployed to test for relationship between the values obtained for each of the two techniques. Results obtained for both tech- niques were fairly positively correlated (ρ = 0.59; P < 0.01), suggesting a cautious interchangeable use of the techniques for the same end. Based on our findings, we posit that in evaluating forest and NTFPs for local importance and use, the end objectives of such evaluation must be critically examined in the light of the interest of the different respondents' group.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"900 1","pages":"84-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78912866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.15
O. EruolaA., J. Bellon, C. UfoegbuneG.
An on-farm yam experiment was conducted to study the effect of mulching on soil temperature and moisture regime on white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) growth and yield in Abeokuta, South-western Nigeria. Three mulching options (grass mulched, polythene mulched and unmulched) was selected and related to crop growth and yield. Grass mulch sig- nificantly (P < 0.05) lowered maximum soil temperature by 1-2℃ at 15cm depth during the thermal critical period (Janu- ary - March). This led to higher rate of emergence which accounted for 28 and 46% to the polythene mulch and the un- mulched plots respectively. Furthermore, grass mulch had tuber yield of about 4-6 tonnes ha-1 season-1 greater than the polythene mulch and the unmulched plots. Irrespective of mulching materials, it was found that mulching significantly (P< 0.05) increased tuber yield by about 6-8 tonnes ha-1 season-1 than the unmulched. The effect of grass mulch over nylon mulch on yam performance in the study was also discussed.
{"title":"Effect of Mulching on Soil Temperature and Moisture Regime on Emergence, Growth and Yield of White Yam in a Tropical Wet-and-Dry Climate","authors":"O. EruolaA., J. Bellon, C. UfoegbuneG.","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.15","url":null,"abstract":"An on-farm yam experiment was conducted to study the effect of mulching on soil temperature and moisture regime on white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) growth and yield in Abeokuta, South-western Nigeria. Three mulching options (grass mulched, polythene mulched and unmulched) was selected and related to crop growth and yield. Grass mulch sig- nificantly (P < 0.05) lowered maximum soil temperature by 1-2℃ at 15cm depth during the thermal critical period (Janu- ary - March). This led to higher rate of emergence which accounted for 28 and 46% to the polythene mulch and the un- mulched plots respectively. Furthermore, grass mulch had tuber yield of about 4-6 tonnes ha-1 season-1 greater than the polythene mulch and the unmulched plots. Irrespective of mulching materials, it was found that mulching significantly (P< 0.05) increased tuber yield by about 6-8 tonnes ha-1 season-1 than the unmulched. The effect of grass mulch over nylon mulch on yam performance in the study was also discussed.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"36 1","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88452541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.16
Atiqur Rahman, K. R. Khan, N. Krakauer, L. Roytman, F. Kogan
Weather related crop losses have always been a concern for farmers, governments, traders and policy makers for the purpose of balanced food supplies, demands, trade, and distribution of aid to nations in need. This paper discusses the utility of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-based vegetation health (VH) indices as proxies for modelling inter annual variation in Aman rice (AR) yield in Bangladesh and for early estimation. We compare annual local and hybrid AR yield with VH Indices computed for each week during 1991-2005. A strong correlation was found between AR yield and VH during the period of AR development that occurs during one/two months in advance of harvest (early October to early November). Stepwise principal components regression (PCR) was used to construct a model to estimate yield as a function of critical-period VH indices. The model reduced the yield prediction error variance by 97% and 92% compared with a prediction of average local Aman rice (LAR) and hybrid Aman rice (HAR) yield for each year respec- tively.
{"title":"Use of Remote Sensing Data for Estimation of Aman Rice Yield","authors":"Atiqur Rahman, K. R. Khan, N. Krakauer, L. Roytman, F. Kogan","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.16","url":null,"abstract":"Weather related crop losses have always been a concern for farmers, governments, traders and policy makers for the purpose of balanced food supplies, demands, trade, and distribution of aid to nations in need. This paper discusses the utility of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-based vegetation health (VH) indices as proxies for modelling inter annual variation in Aman rice (AR) yield in Bangladesh and for early estimation. We compare annual local and hybrid AR yield with VH Indices computed for each week during 1991-2005. A strong correlation was found between AR yield and VH during the period of AR development that occurs during one/two months in advance of harvest (early October to early November). Stepwise principal components regression (PCR) was used to construct a model to estimate yield as a function of critical-period VH indices. The model reduced the yield prediction error variance by 97% and 92% compared with a prediction of average local Aman rice (LAR) and hybrid Aman rice (HAR) yield for each year respec- tively.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"93 1","pages":"101-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83864228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.IJAF.20120204.10
S. Ogunjimi, A. Farinde
Comparative analysis of the precautionary measures and operational habits with the associated health problems among 240 farmers in cacao growing communities of Osun and Edo States, Nigeria was carried out. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results showed high risk exposure of cocoa farmers to toxicity and hazards of agrochemicals used on their cocoa farms. The mean knowledge score of precautionary measures in both states was low. More than 50% of the cocoa farmers in the two states were in the habits of eating, drinking and smoking during spraying. About 65% of cocoa farmers in Osun had no extension contact and training on safe handling of chemicals compared to 97.0% of the farmers in Edo state. Majority (60%) of the farmers in the two states claimed that they have health problems with the following symptoms: body itching, cough and difficulty in breathing, which often occurred during and after chemicals usage. It is concluded that cocoa farmers in Osun and Edo States in Nigeria were vulnerable to health hazards associated with the use of chemicals due inadequate knowledge of the precautionary measures and exhibition of culpable operational habits that can be controlled through effective extension education programme.
{"title":"Farmers' Knowledge Level of Precautionary Measures in Agro-Chemicals Usage on Cocoa Production in Osun and Edo States, Nigeria","authors":"S. Ogunjimi, A. Farinde","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120204.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120204.10","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative analysis of the precautionary measures and operational habits with the associated health problems among 240 farmers in cacao growing communities of Osun and Edo States, Nigeria was carried out. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results showed high risk exposure of cocoa farmers to toxicity and hazards of agrochemicals used on their cocoa farms. The mean knowledge score of precautionary measures in both states was low. More than 50% of the cocoa farmers in the two states were in the habits of eating, drinking and smoking during spraying. About 65% of cocoa farmers in Osun had no extension contact and training on safe handling of chemicals compared to 97.0% of the farmers in Edo state. Majority (60%) of the farmers in the two states claimed that they have health problems with the following symptoms: body itching, cough and difficulty in breathing, which often occurred during and after chemicals usage. It is concluded that cocoa farmers in Osun and Edo States in Nigeria were vulnerable to health hazards associated with the use of chemicals due inadequate knowledge of the precautionary measures and exhibition of culpable operational habits that can be controlled through effective extension education programme.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"75 1","pages":"186-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79615776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/j.ijaf.20120201.08
A. Ammani
Nigerian agriculture by nature is essentially traditional and subsistence. Limited access to credit facilities has been implicated as hinderance to the growth and productivity of the agricultural sector. Thus, the need arises for the provision of credit to the majority of Nigerian farmers. To increase farmers' access to credit from formal sources, the Federal Gov- ernment of Nigeria established the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSF) in 1977, with the purpose of in- creasing the level of bank credit to the agricultural sector through the provision of guarantee in respect of loans granted by any bank for agricultural purposes. This paper set out to investigate the relationship between agricultural production and formal credit supply in Nigeria. The methodology employed in the study involved the development and estimation of three simple regression models relating agricultural output with formal credit while holding other explanatory variables constant. Findings of the paper indicates that formal credit is positively and significantly related to the productivity of the crop, livestock and fishing sectors of Nigerian agriculture. Based on the findings it is recommended that government should continue to en- courage the expansion of formal credit sources to reach as much farmers as possible.
{"title":"An Investigation into the Relationship between Agricultural Production and Formal Credit Supply in Nigeria","authors":"A. Ammani","doi":"10.5923/j.ijaf.20120201.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijaf.20120201.08","url":null,"abstract":"Nigerian agriculture by nature is essentially traditional and subsistence. Limited access to credit facilities has been implicated as hinderance to the growth and productivity of the agricultural sector. Thus, the need arises for the provision of credit to the majority of Nigerian farmers. To increase farmers' access to credit from formal sources, the Federal Gov- ernment of Nigeria established the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSF) in 1977, with the purpose of in- creasing the level of bank credit to the agricultural sector through the provision of guarantee in respect of loans granted by any bank for agricultural purposes. This paper set out to investigate the relationship between agricultural production and formal credit supply in Nigeria. The methodology employed in the study involved the development and estimation of three simple regression models relating agricultural output with formal credit while holding other explanatory variables constant. Findings of the paper indicates that formal credit is positively and significantly related to the productivity of the crop, livestock and fishing sectors of Nigerian agriculture. Based on the findings it is recommended that government should continue to en- courage the expansion of formal credit sources to reach as much farmers as possible.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"46-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87294899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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