Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.03
A. Oko, B. Ubi, A. Efisue
The Choice of rice varieties by farmers and the rate at which farmers in Ebonyi state go for new rice varieties at the expense of indigenous varieties have become a source of worry to scientists. We assessed the agronomic characteris- tics of 15 selected indigenous and newly introduced hybrid rice varieties in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The Rice cultivars were grown under the same conditions and screened for morpho-agronomic traits. Significant variation (P<0.05) was detected among the 20 rice varieties for all the traits evaluated. The results showed that plant height ranged between 144.01 cm in "Mass (I)" and 76.00 cm in "Chinyeugo". Cv. "E4197" had the highest value of 38±0.02 cm for panicle length and "Chin- yereugo" had the highest value of 6.3g ± 0.03 for panicle weight. Leaf area showed the highest value of 63.8cm 2 ± 0.01 in "Mass (I)". Flowering time ranged from 138 ± 0.1days in "Mass (I)" to 68 ± 0.04 days in "Chinyereugo" while "Mass (II)" and "E4077" took the shortest period of 14 days after flowering to mature. Cv. "Co-operative" had high number of seeds per panicle (139 ± 0.19). "Chinyereugo" had the highest value of 25.9g ±1.4 for 1000-grains weight. The grain of "E4314" was the longest (8.00 mm ± 0.89) of the varieties studied. The grains of "Awilo" had a grain width of 2.62mm ± 0.04, while "E4197" had the highest value for grain width of 4.1 mm. Farmers should, therefore, be critical in accepting new varieties that may not be comparably outstanding in a holistic sense, in order to preserve the integrity of the all-cherished indigenous rice varieties .
{"title":"A comparative study on local and newly introduced rice varieties in Ebonyi State of Nigeria based on selected agronomic characteristics.","authors":"A. Oko, B. Ubi, A. Efisue","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.03","url":null,"abstract":"The Choice of rice varieties by farmers and the rate at which farmers in Ebonyi state go for new rice varieties at the expense of indigenous varieties have become a source of worry to scientists. We assessed the agronomic characteris- tics of 15 selected indigenous and newly introduced hybrid rice varieties in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The Rice cultivars were grown under the same conditions and screened for morpho-agronomic traits. Significant variation (P<0.05) was detected among the 20 rice varieties for all the traits evaluated. The results showed that plant height ranged between 144.01 cm in \"Mass (I)\" and 76.00 cm in \"Chinyeugo\". Cv. \"E4197\" had the highest value of 38±0.02 cm for panicle length and \"Chin- yereugo\" had the highest value of 6.3g ± 0.03 for panicle weight. Leaf area showed the highest value of 63.8cm 2 ± 0.01 in \"Mass (I)\". Flowering time ranged from 138 ± 0.1days in \"Mass (I)\" to 68 ± 0.04 days in \"Chinyereugo\" while \"Mass (II)\" and \"E4077\" took the shortest period of 14 days after flowering to mature. Cv. \"Co-operative\" had high number of seeds per panicle (139 ± 0.19). \"Chinyereugo\" had the highest value of 25.9g ±1.4 for 1000-grains weight. The grain of \"E4314\" was the longest (8.00 mm ± 0.89) of the varieties studied. The grains of \"Awilo\" had a grain width of 2.62mm ± 0.04, while \"E4197\" had the highest value for grain width of 4.1 mm. Farmers should, therefore, be critical in accepting new varieties that may not be comparably outstanding in a holistic sense, in order to preserve the integrity of the all-cherished indigenous rice varieties .","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"3 1","pages":"11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74978143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.12
F. G. D. Carvalho, A. J. N. D. Silva, H. N. Melo, J. L. Melo
The use of domestic sewage in the agriculture is an alternative for reduction of the pollution of rivers, pres- ervation of resources hydrics and availability of water and nutritious for plants. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation with sewage effluent and rhizobia inoculation on growth parameters and macro and micronutrients contents in shoots of leguminous trees grown in an Alisol in northeastern Brazil. Irrigation with sewage effluent and rhizo- bium inoculation affected significantly the growth parameters and nodulation of L. leucocephala and M. caesalpiniaefolia. Statistically higher values of shoot dry matter and plant height were observed in leguminous trees irrigated with sewage effluent, compared to treatment with water irrigation.Sewage effluent irrigation treatment also increased significantly the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn in shoots of woody legumes studied after harvest. Inoculation with Rhizobium promoted significant increases in growth parameters and macro and micronutrients contents, only when associated with application of sewage effluent.
{"title":"Effect of Irrigation with Sewage Effluent and Rhizobia Inoculation on Growth of Tropical Tree Legumes in Northeast Brazil","authors":"F. G. D. Carvalho, A. J. N. D. Silva, H. N. Melo, J. L. Melo","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.12","url":null,"abstract":"The use of domestic sewage in the agriculture is an alternative for reduction of the pollution of rivers, pres- ervation of resources hydrics and availability of water and nutritious for plants. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation with sewage effluent and rhizobia inoculation on growth parameters and macro and micronutrients contents in shoots of leguminous trees grown in an Alisol in northeastern Brazil. Irrigation with sewage effluent and rhizo- bium inoculation affected significantly the growth parameters and nodulation of L. leucocephala and M. caesalpiniaefolia. Statistically higher values of shoot dry matter and plant height were observed in leguminous trees irrigated with sewage effluent, compared to treatment with water irrigation.Sewage effluent irrigation treatment also increased significantly the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn in shoots of woody legumes studied after harvest. Inoculation with Rhizobium promoted significant increases in growth parameters and macro and micronutrients contents, only when associated with application of sewage effluent.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"23 1","pages":"72-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81720846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.IJAF.20120204.02
L. Ibom, B. Okon
This study provides information on the growth and correlations between body traits of juveniles of two ecto- types of snail(Archachatina marginata var. saturalis (P)). Three hundred juveniles, one hundred and fifty each of the black-skinned (BS) and white-skinned (WS) ectotypes selected from a pool on the basis of active appearance and absence of injury, blister or lesion on the foot and/or shell were used for the study. The selected juveniles were grouped into two on the basis of skin (foot) colour. Each group was replicated five times with ten juveniles per group in a completely randomized design. The results of this study showed that during the juvenile phase of growth, there was progressive weight increment with significant differences (P 0.05) after week two could mean that irrespective of their pigmentation and weight at hatch, juveniles of a particular breed always grow to catch up with others within the same environment. The results also showed that growth in terms of weight gain was generally low/slow during the first few weeks of life after hatch. The reason for this could be that the juveniles eat little or no feed (concentrate and/or forage) during this stage of life. The results of estimates of association between traits showed that all evaluated traits had strong positive correlations in the two snail ec- totypes studied. The correlations between these traits were highly significant (P<0.001). The positive correlation values recorded among these traits could mean that the traits are influenced by the same genes in the same direction, and that there are direct relationships between the traits. Besides, it could be that weight increment in snails is as a result of increase in the size of corresponding traits. The high degree of correlation among traits indicates that selection for one trait will lead to improvement in the other trait. The results of this study could guide breeders in the development of stocks, and thus increase the availability of animal protein for the teeming Nigerian populace.
本文研究了两种外生螺(Archachatina marginata var. saturalis, P)幼螺的生长和体性状的相关性。300只幼鱼，根据活跃的外观和足部和/或壳上没有损伤、水疱或病变，从池中选择黑皮肤(BS)和白皮肤(WS)外型各150只。根据皮肤(脚)颜色将选定的幼鱼分为两组。在完全随机的设计中，每组重复5次，每组10只幼崽。本研究结果表明，在幼鱼生长阶段，在第2周之后，幼鱼的体重逐渐增加，差异显著(P 0.05)，这可能意味着在相同的环境中，无论其孵化时的色素沉着和体重如何，特定品种的幼鱼总是在生长中赶上其他幼鱼。结果还表明，在孵化后的最初几周内，体重增加的增长通常较低/缓慢。其原因可能是幼鱼在这一阶段很少或不吃饲料(精料和/或草料)。性状间的关联估计结果表明，所评价的性状在两种蜗牛ec型中均具有较强的正相关。这些性状之间的相关性极显著(P<0.001)。这些性状之间记录的正相关值可能说明这些性状受到同一基因在同一方向上的影响，性状之间存在直接关系。此外，蜗牛体重的增加可能是相应性状尺寸增加的结果。性状间的高度相关表明，选择一种性状会导致另一种性状的改善。这项研究的结果可以指导育种者开发种群，从而增加尼日利亚人口的动物蛋白供应。
{"title":"Evaluation of Growth and Correlations Between Body Weight and Shell Measurements of the Juveniles of Two Ectotypes of Archachatina Margi nata var. S aturalis (P) Snail","authors":"L. Ibom, B. Okon","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120204.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120204.02","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides information on the growth and correlations between body traits of juveniles of two ecto- types of snail(Archachatina marginata var. saturalis (P)). Three hundred juveniles, one hundred and fifty each of the black-skinned (BS) and white-skinned (WS) ectotypes selected from a pool on the basis of active appearance and absence of injury, blister or lesion on the foot and/or shell were used for the study. The selected juveniles were grouped into two on the basis of skin (foot) colour. Each group was replicated five times with ten juveniles per group in a completely randomized design. The results of this study showed that during the juvenile phase of growth, there was progressive weight increment with significant differences (P 0.05) after week two could mean that irrespective of their pigmentation and weight at hatch, juveniles of a particular breed always grow to catch up with others within the same environment. The results also showed that growth in terms of weight gain was generally low/slow during the first few weeks of life after hatch. The reason for this could be that the juveniles eat little or no feed (concentrate and/or forage) during this stage of life. The results of estimates of association between traits showed that all evaluated traits had strong positive correlations in the two snail ec- totypes studied. The correlations between these traits were highly significant (P<0.001). The positive correlation values recorded among these traits could mean that the traits are influenced by the same genes in the same direction, and that there are direct relationships between the traits. Besides, it could be that weight increment in snails is as a result of increase in the size of corresponding traits. The high degree of correlation among traits indicates that selection for one trait will lead to improvement in the other trait. The results of this study could guide breeders in the development of stocks, and thus increase the availability of animal protein for the teeming Nigerian populace.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"41 1","pages":"145-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86399460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.17
M. O. Egbe, J. Idoko
The economics of production and profitability of intercropped pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) geno- types with maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) were studied in two separate field experi- ments in 2007 and 2008. Each experiment was a 2 x 15 factorial set out in split plot design in three replications with the main objective of evaluating the economic potentials of recently introduced pigeonpea genotypes from International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) with a view to increasing and diversifying household income in Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. Though it depressed pigeonpea grain yields, intercropping consistently gave higher net benefits than sole cropping in the pigeonpea/maize systems. ICPL 87 gave the highest net benefits in both pigeon- pea/maize and pigeonpea/sorghum intercropping systems (N200, 082.00/ha and N110, 399.00/ha respectively). It also pro- duced the highest marginal rate of returns and returns per naira investment in the pigeonpea/maize systems. Sole pigeonpea was more remunerative than many intercropped pigeonpea with sorghum. Most of the new varieties proved superior to the Farmer's variety in both cropping systems, with consequent higher profitability. This implies potential increase in house- hold incomes and alternative farm enterprise with the adoption of any of these new varieties in the intercropping systems studied.
{"title":"Evaluation of pigeonpea genotypes for intercropping with maize and sorghum in Southern Guinea Savanna: economic benefits.","authors":"M. O. Egbe, J. Idoko","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.17","url":null,"abstract":"The economics of production and profitability of intercropped pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) geno- types with maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) were studied in two separate field experi- ments in 2007 and 2008. Each experiment was a 2 x 15 factorial set out in split plot design in three replications with the main objective of evaluating the economic potentials of recently introduced pigeonpea genotypes from International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) with a view to increasing and diversifying household income in Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. Though it depressed pigeonpea grain yields, intercropping consistently gave higher net benefits than sole cropping in the pigeonpea/maize systems. ICPL 87 gave the highest net benefits in both pigeon- pea/maize and pigeonpea/sorghum intercropping systems (N200, 082.00/ha and N110, 399.00/ha respectively). It also pro- duced the highest marginal rate of returns and returns per naira investment in the pigeonpea/maize systems. Sole pigeonpea was more remunerative than many intercropped pigeonpea with sorghum. Most of the new varieties proved superior to the Farmer's variety in both cropping systems, with consequent higher profitability. This implies potential increase in house- hold incomes and alternative farm enterprise with the adoption of any of these new varieties in the intercropping systems studied.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"63 1","pages":"108-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74793052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.IJAF.20120204.09
C. Magno, M. D. Silva, Priscilla da Silva Freitas, A. Gomes
The application of brassinosteroids has been used to protect plants from environmental stresses. An experiment was carried out for the purpose of evaluating the interaction of the spirostanic analogue of castasterone (BB16) and the imazapyr herbicide by making use of seedlings clones of Eucalyptus grandis. It was used manual sprayers for the application of BB16, and for the herbicide application was used a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer. The experiment was composed of six treatments: control; imazapyr (I) (0.750 kg ha -1 of active ingredient); BB16 in the concentrations of 0.08 (BB16(-)) and 0.16 mg L -1 (BB16(+)) applied immediately after the herbicide (I+BB16(-) and I+BB16(+), respectively) and, imazapyr applied immediately after the BB16 (BB16(-)+I and BB16(+)+I, respectively). At 18 days after the treatment application (DAT) it was verified that in the treatments I, BB16(-)+I and BB16(+)+I occurred total necrosis in terminal leaves of the apical branches. After 21 DAT, the treatment control, I+BB16(-) and I+BB16(+) expressed significative increments in height and stem diameter, in relation to other treatments. Similar behavior was verified to dry matter of the shoot and roots, at 35 DAT. When BB16 was applied before imazapyr, the deleterious effects on the variables dry matter of shoot, as well as in height and diameter of the seedlings, had been more significant than the isolated herbicide application. We found out that the application of analogue castasterona could act as a safener in seedlings of E. grandis submitted to the imazapyr action, when applied immediately after the herbicide, because these seedlings have not exhibited toxicity symptoms under this condition.
油菜素内酯的应用已被用于保护植物免受环境胁迫。以大桉(Eucalyptus grandis)幼苗无性系为材料，研究了castasterone (BB16)的螺腾类似物与除草剂imazapyr的相互作用。BB16施用采用手动喷雾器，除草剂施用采用CO2加压背负式喷雾器。试验分为6个处理:对照;imazapyr (I) (0.750 kg / ha -1活性成分);除草剂(分别为I+BB16(-)和I+BB16(+))后立即施用浓度为0.08 (BB16(-))和0.16 mg L -1 (BB16(+))的BB16，除草剂(分别为I+BB16(-)和I+BB16(+))后立即施用imazapyr(分别为BB16(-)+I和BB16(+)+I)。在施用后18 d (DAT)验证了处理I、BB16(-)+I和BB16(+)+I的顶枝顶叶发生了全坏死。21个数据后，对照处理、I+BB16(-)和I+BB16(+)相对于其他处理的茎高和茎粗均有显著增加。在35 DAT时，茎和根的干物质也有类似的表现。先施用BB16后施用imazapyr，对地上部干物质、苗高、苗径等指标的有害影响比单独施用更为显著。我们发现，在除草剂施用后立即施用类似的castasterona，可以作为一种安全剂，因为这些幼苗在这种情况下没有表现出毒性症状。
{"title":"Interaction of Imazapyr and a Brassinosteroid Analogue in Seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis","authors":"C. Magno, M. D. Silva, Priscilla da Silva Freitas, A. Gomes","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120204.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120204.09","url":null,"abstract":"The application of brassinosteroids has been used to protect plants from environmental stresses. An experiment was carried out for the purpose of evaluating the interaction of the spirostanic analogue of castasterone (BB16) and the imazapyr herbicide by making use of seedlings clones of Eucalyptus grandis. It was used manual sprayers for the application of BB16, and for the herbicide application was used a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer. The experiment was composed of six treatments: control; imazapyr (I) (0.750 kg ha -1 of active ingredient); BB16 in the concentrations of 0.08 (BB16(-)) and 0.16 mg L -1 (BB16(+)) applied immediately after the herbicide (I+BB16(-) and I+BB16(+), respectively) and, imazapyr applied immediately after the BB16 (BB16(-)+I and BB16(+)+I, respectively). At 18 days after the treatment application (DAT) it was verified that in the treatments I, BB16(-)+I and BB16(+)+I occurred total necrosis in terminal leaves of the apical branches. After 21 DAT, the treatment control, I+BB16(-) and I+BB16(+) expressed significative increments in height and stem diameter, in relation to other treatments. Similar behavior was verified to dry matter of the shoot and roots, at 35 DAT. When BB16 was applied before imazapyr, the deleterious effects on the variables dry matter of shoot, as well as in height and diameter of the seedlings, had been more significant than the isolated herbicide application. We found out that the application of analogue castasterona could act as a safener in seedlings of E. grandis submitted to the imazapyr action, when applied immediately after the herbicide, because these seedlings have not exhibited toxicity symptoms under this condition.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"146 1","pages":"180-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73302362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.09
M. Suleiman, N. Ibrahim, Q. Majeed
Plant powders prepared from five plant species were tested under constant conditions at 30 ± 2℃ and 60 - 65% r. h. for their ability to protect sorghum grains against Sitophilus zeamais in storage. Doses at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0g and 0.12g of the check (permethrin (0.6%) were applied for assessments of adult mortality, emergence and damage. Leaf powders of E. balsamifera, J. curcas and L. inermis gave the highest adult mortality (60.0 - 100%), while peel powder of C. sinensis and leaf powder of L. hastata recorded 47.50 - 82.50% adult mortality. Least adult emergence (0.00%) was observed when 2.0g of J. curcas was applied, while the highest (57.82%) was obtained from 0.5g L. hastata. All the plant powders showed sig- nificant (p < 0.05) adult mortality against S. zeamais with weevil perforation index (WPI) of < 50.00. This study was de- signed to observe the possibility of using plants parts to reduce grain damage caused by insect pests during storage.
{"title":"Control of Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch) [Coleoptera: Curculionidae] on Sorghum Using Some Plant Powders","authors":"M. Suleiman, N. Ibrahim, Q. Majeed","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.09","url":null,"abstract":"Plant powders prepared from five plant species were tested under constant conditions at 30 ± 2℃ and 60 - 65% r. h. for their ability to protect sorghum grains against Sitophilus zeamais in storage. Doses at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0g and 0.12g of the check (permethrin (0.6%) were applied for assessments of adult mortality, emergence and damage. Leaf powders of E. balsamifera, J. curcas and L. inermis gave the highest adult mortality (60.0 - 100%), while peel powder of C. sinensis and leaf powder of L. hastata recorded 47.50 - 82.50% adult mortality. Least adult emergence (0.00%) was observed when 2.0g of J. curcas was applied, while the highest (57.82%) was obtained from 0.5g L. hastata. All the plant powders showed sig- nificant (p < 0.05) adult mortality against S. zeamais with weevil perforation index (WPI) of < 50.00. This study was de- signed to observe the possibility of using plants parts to reduce grain damage caused by insect pests during storage.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"12 38 1","pages":"53-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79799418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.IJAF.20110101.04
Sang-Go Lee
s In Korea, the role of FC(Fisheries Cooperatives) in self-governance is of significance for the sustainable development of fisheries. It should be understood from the view that the FC exists for fishing management of inshore and coastal fisheries. It is coastal fisheries consisting mostly of small-scale fishermen that need collaborations of small-scale fishermen in the fishing industry. One of the reasons why the fishermen association FC should have an important role in self-governance is that the spread of self-governance and new fishing and fishery management modes nationwide is the responsibility and role of FC as a deliverer of cooperative movements. Self-governance should be connected to economic projects of FC. As a self-governance is for increased income of fishermen, the scheme should be linked to resources man- agement and raise added value of products, going beyond the establishment of biological resources management. Self-governance is a collaborative movement of fishermen, by which therefore, FC should play its part in the sustainable development of inshore and coastal fisheries. In nature, perfect fisheries self-governance is difficult, so certain government regulations such as limits on access will continue, once fisheries self-governance succeeds. However, the government should boldly reduce and transfer regulations other than the minimum management means, to expand fisheries self-governance. It is important to find cases of conflicts/disputes actively and conduct follow-up management of them in collaboration with local governments, FC, and councils of leaders. Even tasks of which excavation and coordination is completed should be checked for their implementation records on a regular basis and complemented or further adjusted, when necessary. Voluntary restructuring plans by type of inshore and coastal fisheries should be set up and upon request, assessed to promote voluntary participation in consideration of characteristics by business type for coastal fisheries re- structuring, such as collaborative support with local governments.
{"title":"Institutional Strategies and Effective Mechanism of Fisheries Self-governance in Korea","authors":"Sang-Go Lee","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20110101.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20110101.04","url":null,"abstract":"s In Korea, the role of FC(Fisheries Cooperatives) in self-governance is of significance for the sustainable development of fisheries. It should be understood from the view that the FC exists for fishing management of inshore and coastal fisheries. It is coastal fisheries consisting mostly of small-scale fishermen that need collaborations of small-scale fishermen in the fishing industry. One of the reasons why the fishermen association FC should have an important role in self-governance is that the spread of self-governance and new fishing and fishery management modes nationwide is the responsibility and role of FC as a deliverer of cooperative movements. Self-governance should be connected to economic projects of FC. As a self-governance is for increased income of fishermen, the scheme should be linked to resources man- agement and raise added value of products, going beyond the establishment of biological resources management. Self-governance is a collaborative movement of fishermen, by which therefore, FC should play its part in the sustainable development of inshore and coastal fisheries. In nature, perfect fisheries self-governance is difficult, so certain government regulations such as limits on access will continue, once fisheries self-governance succeeds. However, the government should boldly reduce and transfer regulations other than the minimum management means, to expand fisheries self-governance. It is important to find cases of conflicts/disputes actively and conduct follow-up management of them in collaboration with local governments, FC, and councils of leaders. Even tasks of which excavation and coordination is completed should be checked for their implementation records on a regular basis and complemented or further adjusted, when necessary. Voluntary restructuring plans by type of inshore and coastal fisheries should be set up and upon request, assessed to promote voluntary participation in consideration of characteristics by business type for coastal fisheries re- structuring, such as collaborative support with local governments.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"43 1","pages":"21-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74135698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-15DOI: 10.5923/J.IJAF.20120203.03
K. Nyikahadzoi, P. Pali, A. Fatunbi, L. Olarinde, J. Njuki, A. Adekunle
In sub-Saharan Africa, there is increasing interest for the adaptation and use of the innovation systems ap- proach to advance learning and development in the Agricultural Research and Development (ARD) sector. This crave is constrained by unavailability of a proven blue print that describe the paradigm shift from the linear approach and how such could function under different socio-economic, cultural and political climate. This paper uses three case studies from the Sub Saharan Africa Challenge Program (SSA CP) to accentuate approaches and strategies for the successful use of the in- novation system approach in agricultural research and development. The paper shows that the establishment of Innovation Platforms under the premise of Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D) at the grass-root uses social networks and capital to mobilize for collective action necessary to meet market demand. It also shows that the ensued itera- tive structure is suitable for dealing with policy issues that constrain value chain at district level, while the apex structure is functional in dealing with policy issues at national and regional level. This paper proposes a coordinated ARD strategy that links innovation platforms at the continental, sub-regional, national and the grass root as the best practices for comprehen- sive use of innovation system approach.
{"title":"Stakeholder participation in innovation platform and implications for Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D)","authors":"K. Nyikahadzoi, P. Pali, A. Fatunbi, L. Olarinde, J. Njuki, A. Adekunle","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120203.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120203.03","url":null,"abstract":"In sub-Saharan Africa, there is increasing interest for the adaptation and use of the innovation systems ap- proach to advance learning and development in the Agricultural Research and Development (ARD) sector. This crave is constrained by unavailability of a proven blue print that describe the paradigm shift from the linear approach and how such could function under different socio-economic, cultural and political climate. This paper uses three case studies from the Sub Saharan Africa Challenge Program (SSA CP) to accentuate approaches and strategies for the successful use of the in- novation system approach in agricultural research and development. The paper shows that the establishment of Innovation Platforms under the premise of Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D) at the grass-root uses social networks and capital to mobilize for collective action necessary to meet market demand. It also shows that the ensued itera- tive structure is suitable for dealing with policy issues that constrain value chain at district level, while the apex structure is functional in dealing with policy issues at national and regional level. This paper proposes a coordinated ARD strategy that links innovation platforms at the continental, sub-regional, national and the grass root as the best practices for comprehen- sive use of innovation system approach.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"44 1","pages":"92-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86825861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-09DOI: 10.5923/J.IJAF.20120203.07
M. Srivastava, Shashank Sharma, M. Kudrat
Carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux from soil is one of the very important components of global carbon cycle and climate change. Land use and climate are the major factors that influence the rate of CO2 efflux. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the monthly variation in rate of CO2 efflux and its correlation with soil temperature and soil moisture in agricultural lands under different crops and crop rotations in part of Indo-Gangetic plain in India. The Indo-Gangetic plain covers 13% geographical area of the country and produces 50% of the total food grain of the country. The agricultural lands are cultivated for variety of crops including, Oryza sativa (Paddy), Triticum aestivum (Wheat), Zea mays (Maize), Brassica herta (Mustard), Trifolium alexamdrinum (Barseem), Sorghum bicolor (Jowar), Sachharum officinarum (Sugarcane) and several pulses and vegetables. The average annual CO2 emission rate ranged between 0.56 g m -2 h -1 (wheat -fallow- paddy) and 0.75 g m -2 h -1 (jowar-barseem) with a mean value of 0.64 g m -2 h -1 . The standard deviation varied from 0.06 to 0.25 and the standard error varied from 0.02 to 0.03. Wheat crop combinations (wheat-fallow-paddy, wheat-fallow, wheat-maize, wheat-pulses, wheat-sugarcane, wheat-jowar, and wheat-vegetable) showed relatively lower values of average annual CO2 emission rate whereas highest emission rates were found in vegetable crops. During monsoon months the rate of CO2 emis- sion from soil was higher due to favorable moisture and temperature conditions, while in winter the same was observed minimum in all the crops. The study leads to infer that crop, crop rotation and soil temperature and moisture have significant effect on soil CO2 emission.
土壤排放的二氧化碳是全球碳循环和气候变化的重要组成部分之一。土地利用和气候是影响CO2外排速率的主要因素。本研究旨在评估印度部分印度河-恒河平原不同作物和作物轮作下农业用地CO2外排速率的月变化及其与土壤温度和土壤湿度的相关性。印度恒河平原占全国13%的地理面积，生产全国50%的粮食。农业用地种植各种作物，包括稻谷、小麦、玉米、芥菜、三叶草、高粱、甘蔗和几种豆类和蔬菜。年平均CO2排放量在0.56 g m -2 h -1(小麦-休耕-水稻)和0.75 g m -2 h -1(小麦-休耕-水稻)之间，平均值为0.64 g m -2 h -1。标准偏差为0.06 ~ 0.25，标准误差为0.02 ~ 0.03。小麦组合(小麦-休耕-稻谷、小麦-休耕、小麦-玉米、小麦-豆类、小麦-甘蔗、小麦-玉米和小麦-蔬菜)的年平均CO2排放量相对较低，而蔬菜作物的年平均CO2排放量最高。在季风月份，由于有利的湿度和温度条件，土壤的二氧化碳排放率较高，而在冬季，所有作物的二氧化碳排放率都最低。研究表明，作物、作物轮作和土壤温湿度对土壤CO2排放有显著影响。
{"title":"Effect of Crop Rotation, Soil Temperature and Soil Moisture on CO 2 Emission Rate in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India","authors":"M. Srivastava, Shashank Sharma, M. Kudrat","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120203.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120203.07","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux from soil is one of the very important components of global carbon cycle and climate change. Land use and climate are the major factors that influence the rate of CO2 efflux. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the monthly variation in rate of CO2 efflux and its correlation with soil temperature and soil moisture in agricultural lands under different crops and crop rotations in part of Indo-Gangetic plain in India. The Indo-Gangetic plain covers 13% geographical area of the country and produces 50% of the total food grain of the country. The agricultural lands are cultivated for variety of crops including, Oryza sativa (Paddy), Triticum aestivum (Wheat), Zea mays (Maize), Brassica herta (Mustard), Trifolium alexamdrinum (Barseem), Sorghum bicolor (Jowar), Sachharum officinarum (Sugarcane) and several pulses and vegetables. The average annual CO2 emission rate ranged between 0.56 g m -2 h -1 (wheat -fallow- paddy) and 0.75 g m -2 h -1 (jowar-barseem) with a mean value of 0.64 g m -2 h -1 . The standard deviation varied from 0.06 to 0.25 and the standard error varied from 0.02 to 0.03. Wheat crop combinations (wheat-fallow-paddy, wheat-fallow, wheat-maize, wheat-pulses, wheat-sugarcane, wheat-jowar, and wheat-vegetable) showed relatively lower values of average annual CO2 emission rate whereas highest emission rates were found in vegetable crops. During monsoon months the rate of CO2 emis- sion from soil was higher due to favorable moisture and temperature conditions, while in winter the same was observed minimum in all the crops. The study leads to infer that crop, crop rotation and soil temperature and moisture have significant effect on soil CO2 emission.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"30 1","pages":"117-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81888802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-09DOI: 10.5923/J.IJAF.20120203.09
A. Oliveros-Bastidas, F. A. Macias, J. M. Molinillo
The concentrations of hydroxamic acids 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA), in roots and root exudate of 1- to 6- days-old maize plants were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest concentrations of DIMBOA were found in maize root extracts and exudate when maize roots were 2 weeks old and the maize plant was approximately 15 cm in height. The highest concentrations of DIMBOA equivalents were found in root crown. The distribution of DIMBOA in different root parts (seminal roots, primary root, and crown) was also determined. DIMBOA is concentrated in the cortex of all parts of maize roots determined. The concentrations in com- plete organ of nodal roots were significantly higher than any other parts of maize roots. The results indicate that the distri- bution of DIMBOA is heterogeneous within architecture of the root. Different groups of root show different potential root exudation of DIMBOA. The level of endogenous DIMBOA directly correlates with exogenous levels. The high concentra- tions of these substances in the maize root are may be relevant in the resistance of maize varieties to subterranean pest insects.
{"title":"Variation Endogenus and Exogenous of Allelochemical 2,4-dihydroxy-7-metoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3,(4 H )-one (DIMBOA) in Root Architecture of Maize ( Zea mayz )","authors":"A. Oliveros-Bastidas, F. A. Macias, J. M. Molinillo","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120203.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120203.09","url":null,"abstract":"The concentrations of hydroxamic acids 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA), in roots and root exudate of 1- to 6- days-old maize plants were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest concentrations of DIMBOA were found in maize root extracts and exudate when maize roots were 2 weeks old and the maize plant was approximately 15 cm in height. The highest concentrations of DIMBOA equivalents were found in root crown. The distribution of DIMBOA in different root parts (seminal roots, primary root, and crown) was also determined. DIMBOA is concentrated in the cortex of all parts of maize roots determined. The concentrations in com- plete organ of nodal roots were significantly higher than any other parts of maize roots. The results indicate that the distri- bution of DIMBOA is heterogeneous within architecture of the root. Different groups of root show different potential root exudation of DIMBOA. The level of endogenous DIMBOA directly correlates with exogenous levels. The high concentra- tions of these substances in the maize root are may be relevant in the resistance of maize varieties to subterranean pest insects.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"23 1","pages":"132-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73754261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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