Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.20
A. Güncan, Şaziye Karayar, Yunus Emre Altunç
Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Mediterranean flour moth, is a major pest of stored food products, causing significant economic losses. Understanding the life history and population dynamics of E. kuehniella is crucial for developing effective pest management strategies and improving the sustainability of the food industry. In this study, we conducted an age-stage, two-sex life table analysis of E. kuehniella reared on maize and oat flours. The aim of the study was to compare the demographic parameters of the E. kuehniella populations reared on the two different types of flour including maize in laboratory conditions at 26 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% R.H., and a 16:8 (light: dark) photoperiod. Our findings suggest that while the flour type had a minor effect, there was no significant impact on the developmental time, survival rate, fecundity, and population growth rate of E. kuehniella. However, adult female longevity was significantly longer in the maize flour group compared to the oat flour group. The pre-adult survival rate was higher in the maize flour group (83%) than the oat flour group (72%). Additionally, our results indicate that fecundity of the E. kuehniella was slightly higher on oat flour than on maize flour, while the population growth rate was similar on both flours. Our results demonstrated that the larvae fed with maize flour consumed a significantly higher amount of flour (394 mg) than those fed with oat flour (278 mg). Furthermore, after 120 days of simulation the population growth projection of E. kuehniella was twice as high in oat flour compared to maize flour. These findings suggest that both maize and oat flours are susceptible to E. kuehniella infestation, which has important implications for the development of effective pest management strategies and the sustainability of the food industry.
{"title":"Comparative life history and demographic parameters of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on maize and oat flours","authors":"A. Güncan, Şaziye Karayar, Yunus Emre Altunç","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.20","url":null,"abstract":"Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Mediterranean flour moth, is a major pest of stored food products, causing significant economic losses. Understanding the life history and population dynamics of E. kuehniella is crucial for developing effective pest management strategies and improving the sustainability of the food industry. In this study, we conducted an age-stage, two-sex life table analysis of E. kuehniella reared on maize and oat flours. The aim of the study was to compare the demographic parameters of the E. kuehniella populations reared on the two different types of flour including maize in laboratory conditions at 26 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% R.H., and a 16:8 (light: dark) photoperiod. Our findings suggest that while the flour type had a minor effect, there was no significant impact on the developmental time, survival rate, fecundity, and population growth rate of E. kuehniella. However, adult female longevity was significantly longer in the maize flour group compared to the oat flour group. The pre-adult survival rate was higher in the maize flour group (83%) than the oat flour group (72%). Additionally, our results indicate that fecundity of the E. kuehniella was slightly higher on oat flour than on maize flour, while the population growth rate was similar on both flours. Our results demonstrated that the larvae fed with maize flour consumed a significantly higher amount of flour (394 mg) than those fed with oat flour (278 mg). Furthermore, after 120 days of simulation the population growth projection of E. kuehniella was twice as high in oat flour compared to maize flour. These findings suggest that both maize and oat flours are susceptible to E. kuehniella infestation, which has important implications for the development of effective pest management strategies and the sustainability of the food industry.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81212830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.12
Ç. Kaya, T. Sarıyer, Esra Şahi̇n
Giant Snowdrop (Galanthus elwesii Hook) is a species of snowdrop belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family. In this study, the deformation rates of the bulbs was calculated as % (percent). For sterilization G. elwesii bulbs were sterilized at different concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 %) of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 minutes. The bulbs were rinsed with sterile distilled water 3 times for 5 minutes and then transferred to the MS medium. Contamination rates in MS nutrient medium were determined as percent (%) after 7 days. Deformation was not observed in the bulbs sterilized with 1 and 3% sodium hypochlorite solution however 100% contamination was detected. The most effective surface sterilization was obtained by soaking in 9-11% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5 and 10 minutes. As the sodium hypochlorite concentration and the application time increased, the surface sterilization of the bulbs increased, but the deformation rate of the scaly leaves of the bulbs increased due to this increase.
{"title":"Determination of effective surface sterilization protocol in in vitro tissue culture for Giant Snowdrop (Galanthus elwesii Hook) bulbs","authors":"Ç. Kaya, T. Sarıyer, Esra Şahi̇n","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Giant Snowdrop (Galanthus elwesii Hook) is a species of snowdrop belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family. In this study, the deformation rates of the bulbs was calculated as % (percent). For sterilization G. elwesii bulbs were sterilized at different concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 %) of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 minutes. The bulbs were rinsed with sterile distilled water 3 times for 5 minutes and then transferred to the MS medium. Contamination rates in MS nutrient medium were determined as percent (%) after 7 days. Deformation was not observed in the bulbs sterilized with 1 and 3% sodium hypochlorite solution however 100% contamination was detected. The most effective surface sterilization was obtained by soaking in 9-11% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5 and 10 minutes. As the sodium hypochlorite concentration and the application time increased, the surface sterilization of the bulbs increased, but the deformation rate of the scaly leaves of the bulbs increased due to this increase.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87665624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The potential of cotton genotypes to form buds, flowers and bolls is not sufficient to achieve cotton seed yield targets. Despite global warming buds, flowers and bolls that mature in cotton plants must be successfully transformed into products. However, this is related to the generative tolerance of the genotype to high temperature. In study aims to scan the negative effects of high temperature stress on the generative development on cotton varieties registered in Turkey in the last 10 years. The experiment was established in the GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center trial field in 2020, with 4 blocks according to the Augmented design. Six standards (Tamcot Spnhix, SJU86, AGC208, ST468, ST474, Carmen) and 88 cotton varieties registered in Turkey National Variety List were used as trial material. In this study, high temperature pollen vitality stress index (HTPVSI) and high temperature shedding stress index (HTSSI) properties were investigated. According to the results of the experiments we conducted, it was determined that the HTPVSI values ranged between 0.17-1.26, the HTPVSI averages of the standards were 1.17, and the HTPVSI averages of the genotypes were 0.99. It has been determined that HTSSI values vary between 0.30-1.71. It was determined that the mean HTSSI values of the standards were 0.89 and the genotypes were 1.00. It was determined that there was a wide variation among the genotypes screened for generatively high temperature stress. Using HTSSI and HTPVSI features is recommended as a selection criterion since it is an important trait for screening genotypes in terms of tolerance or sensitivity to generative high temperature stress in cotton plants. In our study, the results were not similar to each other in terms of HTPVSI and HTSSI traits, due to the low share of flower shedding after applying HTSP (High Temperature Shock Practice: 96 hours of uninterrupted exposure to high temperature during generative periods) in the shedding rate. When the examined HTSSI and HTPVSI traits were examined together, no cotton genotypes were found to be generatively tolerant. In terms of sensitivity of genotypes to high temperature, 18 cotton genotypes were found in the medium tolerant group and 25 cotton genotypes were found in the sensitive group.
{"title":"Investigation of generative high temperature tolerances of some cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties","authors":"Yusuf Güzel DEMİRAY, Remzi EKİNCİ, Adem BARDAK","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of cotton genotypes to form buds, flowers and bolls is not sufficient to achieve cotton seed yield targets. Despite global warming buds, flowers and bolls that mature in cotton plants must be successfully transformed into products. However, this is related to the generative tolerance of the genotype to high temperature. In study aims to scan the negative effects of high temperature stress on the generative development on cotton varieties registered in Turkey in the last 10 years. The experiment was established in the GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center trial field in 2020, with 4 blocks according to the Augmented design. Six standards (Tamcot Spnhix, SJU86, AGC208, ST468, ST474, Carmen) and 88 cotton varieties registered in Turkey National Variety List were used as trial material. In this study, high temperature pollen vitality stress index (HTPVSI) and high temperature shedding stress index (HTSSI) properties were investigated. According to the results of the experiments we conducted, it was determined that the HTPVSI values ranged between 0.17-1.26, the HTPVSI averages of the standards were 1.17, and the HTPVSI averages of the genotypes were 0.99. It has been determined that HTSSI values vary between 0.30-1.71. It was determined that the mean HTSSI values of the standards were 0.89 and the genotypes were 1.00. It was determined that there was a wide variation among the genotypes screened for generatively high temperature stress. Using HTSSI and HTPVSI features is recommended as a selection criterion since it is an important trait for screening genotypes in terms of tolerance or sensitivity to generative high temperature stress in cotton plants. In our study, the results were not similar to each other in terms of HTPVSI and HTSSI traits, due to the low share of flower shedding after applying HTSP (High Temperature Shock Practice: 96 hours of uninterrupted exposure to high temperature during generative periods) in the shedding rate. When the examined HTSSI and HTPVSI traits were examined together, no cotton genotypes were found to be generatively tolerant. In terms of sensitivity of genotypes to high temperature, 18 cotton genotypes were found in the medium tolerant group and 25 cotton genotypes were found in the sensitive group.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134999367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human has interfered with nature in many different ways and tried to benefit from it since the dawn of time. Especially during and after the Industrial Revolution, human pressure on nature exploded. Due to this increasing pressure, global warming and climate change have occurred, resulting in events such as landslides, floods, and droughts. In this study, CORINE land cover data were used to determine the temporal variation of land use/cover (1990-2018) in the basin of Kesis Stream. CORINE land use/cover data, which was created for periods of ten and six years (1990-2000-2006-2012-2018), was processed through geographic information systems (GIS) and presented with various figures, graphics, and tables. Accordingly, the discontinuous urban fabrics in the basin covered an area of 1.09 km2 in the 1990-2000 period, while they covered an area of 1.35 km2 with a partial increase in 2018. The basin is mainly covered with forest and agricultural fields. While the forest lands (1990-code; 311, 312, 313, 324) covered an area of 410.29 km2 in 1990, they gradually increased to 446.39 km2 in 2018. While the agricultural lands covered an area of 368.04 km2 in 1990 (code-1990; 211, 212, 242, 242), they decreased to an area of 326.85 km2 in 2018 a significant decrease. According to these results, it can be asserted that the morphological structure of the basin, with steep and deep valleys has restricted adverse human activities and reduced forest destruction in the last 28 years with the implementation of nature protection laws.
{"title":"Determining the temporal and spatial variation of the land cover according to CORINE(1990-2018) in the basin of Kesis Stream (Southern Türkiye)","authors":"Fatih Karaosmanoglu","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Human has interfered with nature in many different ways and tried to benefit from it since the dawn of time. Especially during and after the Industrial Revolution, human pressure on nature exploded. Due to this increasing pressure, global warming and climate change have occurred, resulting in events such as landslides, floods, and droughts. In this study, CORINE land cover data were used to determine the temporal variation of land use/cover (1990-2018) in the basin of Kesis Stream. CORINE land use/cover data, which was created for periods of ten and six years (1990-2000-2006-2012-2018), was processed through geographic information systems (GIS) and presented with various figures, graphics, and tables. Accordingly, the discontinuous urban fabrics in the basin covered an area of 1.09 km2 in the 1990-2000 period, while they covered an area of 1.35 km2 with a partial increase in 2018. The basin is mainly covered with forest and agricultural fields. While the forest lands (1990-code; 311, 312, 313, 324) covered an area of 410.29 km2 in 1990, they gradually increased to 446.39 km2 in 2018. While the agricultural lands covered an area of 368.04 km2 in 1990 (code-1990; 211, 212, 242, 242), they decreased to an area of 326.85 km2 in 2018 a significant decrease. According to these results, it can be asserted that the morphological structure of the basin, with steep and deep valleys has restricted adverse human activities and reduced forest destruction in the last 28 years with the implementation of nature protection laws.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86947031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.18
Polat İpek, M. Baran, Reşit Yıldız, A. Hatipoğlu
This study was carried out to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Arum dioscoridis (AD) leaf extract and to investigate the cytotoxic and antipathogenic effects of them. The plant material had a reducing and stabilizing effect on the synthesized nanomaterial. During the plant-mediated synthesis of nanomaterials, no substances that would cause environmental pollution were used. For the structural characterization of AD-AgNPs, Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Electron Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Zetasizer analyses were performed. The produced AgNPs showed maximum surface plasmon resonance at 431.67 nm and had mostly spherical morphology. The zeta potential value of the nanomaterial was -9.76 mV and the average powder crystal size was 31.48 nm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (mg/L) of AD-AgNPs on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were 0.25, 2.00, 0.125, 4.00, and 1.00, respectively. After 24 and 48 hours of application by MTT [3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromid] assay, the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50: μg/mL) of AD-AgNPs on human colon adenocarcinoma cell (CACO-2), human breast cancer cell (MCF-7), glioblastoma multiforme cell (T98-G), and healthy human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) lines were determined as 2.977, 2.801, 5.694, 4.392; 2.115, 2.300, 2.612, 4.091, respectively.
{"title":"Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Arum dioscoridis plant leaf aqueous extract: anticancer and antimicrobial properties","authors":"Polat İpek, M. Baran, Reşit Yıldız, A. Hatipoğlu","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Arum dioscoridis (AD) leaf extract and to investigate the cytotoxic and antipathogenic effects of them. The plant material had a reducing and stabilizing effect on the synthesized nanomaterial. During the plant-mediated synthesis of nanomaterials, no substances that would cause environmental pollution were used. For the structural characterization of AD-AgNPs, Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Electron Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Zetasizer analyses were performed. The produced AgNPs showed maximum surface plasmon resonance at 431.67 nm and had mostly spherical morphology. The zeta potential value of the nanomaterial was -9.76 mV and the average powder crystal size was 31.48 nm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (mg/L) of AD-AgNPs on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were 0.25, 2.00, 0.125, 4.00, and 1.00, respectively. After 24 and 48 hours of application by MTT [3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromid] assay, the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50: μg/mL) of AD-AgNPs on human colon adenocarcinoma cell (CACO-2), human breast cancer cell (MCF-7), glioblastoma multiforme cell (T98-G), and healthy human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) lines were determined as 2.977, 2.801, 5.694, 4.392; 2.115, 2.300, 2.612, 4.091, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85925790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A laboratory experiment was conducted at constant temperatures of 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, 35, 38, and 41℃ to identify the response of six radish cultivars with different root sizes and colors to high-temperature stress during germination, emergence, and early seedling growth stage. Also, the optimal temperature was determined by calculating the relationship between seedling length and temperature via a polynomial regression model. The results showed that no seed germination was detected at 41℃, while emergence and seedling growth were not observed at 38℃ and above. Similar germination percentages, mean germination time, and germination index were obtained between 20℃ and 35℃. The root length reduced at 32℃ and it was more sensitive to high temperatures than shoots because the root/shoot length ratio showed a decreasing trend by increasing temperatures and longer root length was recorded at lower temperatures than 32℃. There were genotypic variations among radish cultivars for temperatures and ‘Kırmızı İnci’, ‘Beyaz İnci’, and ‘Siyah İnci’ produced a better performance than the others under high temperatures. The regression analysis predicted the optimal temperatures as 21.5℃ and 22.6℃ for root and shoot length, respectively. This study indicates that high temperatures inhibited seedling growth rather than seed germination performance of radishes.
{"title":"The sensitivity of radish cultivars to high temperatures during germination and seedling growth stages","authors":"Gamze Kaya","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"A laboratory experiment was conducted at constant temperatures of 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, 35, 38, and 41℃ to identify the response of six radish cultivars with different root sizes and colors to high-temperature stress during germination, emergence, and early seedling growth stage. Also, the optimal temperature was determined by calculating the relationship between seedling length and temperature via a polynomial regression model. The results showed that no seed germination was detected at 41℃, while emergence and seedling growth were not observed at 38℃ and above. Similar germination percentages, mean germination time, and germination index were obtained between 20℃ and 35℃. The root length reduced at 32℃ and it was more sensitive to high temperatures than shoots because the root/shoot length ratio showed a decreasing trend by increasing temperatures and longer root length was recorded at lower temperatures than 32℃. There were genotypic variations among radish cultivars for temperatures and ‘Kırmızı İnci’, ‘Beyaz İnci’, and ‘Siyah İnci’ produced a better performance than the others under high temperatures. The regression analysis predicted the optimal temperatures as 21.5℃ and 22.6℃ for root and shoot length, respectively. This study indicates that high temperatures inhibited seedling growth rather than seed germination performance of radishes.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"141 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77230572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.19
Sıla Sözgen, S. Takaç
Agri-food processing waste and by-products are important to be valued in an integral unit to the main process. This study focused on showing the potential valorization of apple pomace as substrate towards valuable products by a biotechnological mean. Apple pomace was fermented by B.subtilis at 37 °C, 150 rpm, and 72 h. Reducing sugars, total phenol content and α-amylase activity were followed throughout the fermentation. The results showed that B.subtilis assimilated apple pomace sugars and stimulated the release of sugars into the medium during fermentation. α-amylase activity detected in the medium also indicated the degradation of pomace by B. subtilis. However, the total phenol content was found to be low. The α-amylase activity at 24th h was 29.6% higher when the fermentation initiated with a former fermentation medium than that of started with the inoculum based on agar and liquid incubation media. Overall results showed –for the first time- that apple pomace can be valued towards α-amylase activity, reducing sugar and total phenol content by the activity of B.subtilis cells.
{"title":"Biotechnological potential of apple pomace for value-added products","authors":"Sıla Sözgen, S. Takaç","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"Agri-food processing waste and by-products are important to be valued in an integral unit to the main process. This study focused on showing the potential valorization of apple pomace as substrate towards valuable products by a biotechnological mean. Apple pomace was fermented by B.subtilis at 37 °C, 150 rpm, and 72 h. Reducing sugars, total phenol content and α-amylase activity were followed throughout the fermentation. The results showed that B.subtilis assimilated apple pomace sugars and stimulated the release of sugars into the medium during fermentation. α-amylase activity detected in the medium also indicated the degradation of pomace by B. subtilis. However, the total phenol content was found to be low. The α-amylase activity at 24th h was 29.6% higher when the fermentation initiated with a former fermentation medium than that of started with the inoculum based on agar and liquid incubation media. Overall results showed –for the first time- that apple pomace can be valued towards α-amylase activity, reducing sugar and total phenol content by the activity of B.subtilis cells.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73348258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.15
O. Alabi, Godbless Friday Safugha
This study evaluated technical efficiency of agroforestry production technology among smallholder farmers in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted. A total sample size of 120 smallholder agroforestry farmers was used. Primary data were collected with the aid of structured and well-designed questionnaire. Analytical tools used were: descriptive statistics, farm budgeting techniques, financial analysis, stochastic production frontier model, and principal component model. About 85% of agroforestry farmers were male, while 15% were female. Also, 87.50% of agroforestry farmers were less than 50 years of age. The mean age was 45 years. Furthermore, 85% of agroforestry farmers had formal education and were literate. The household sizes were large with mean value of 6 members per household. The agroforestry systems practiced include: alley farming, shelterbelts, wind breaks, home gardens, api-silviculture, aqua-forestry, retaining tree on farm land, taungya systems, farmed parkland, and silvo-pasture. The result of the farm budgetary technique show that agroforestry farming was profitable among the smallholder farmers in the study area. The result of the maximum likelihood estimates shows that the significant factors influencing output of agroforestry production technology were: seed input (P<0.05), farm size input (P<0.01), fertilizer input (P<0.10), labour input (P<0.10), and chemical input (P<0.01). The significant factors influencing technical inefficiency of agroforestry production technology were: gender (P<0.10), marital status (P<0.01), education level (P<0.01), experience in agroforestry production (P<0.01) and size of households (P<0.10). The average technical efficiency score obtained by the smallholder agroforestry farmers was 40.18%. The constraints facing agroforestry farmers include: lack of training and capacity building, inadequate extension officers, lack of improved seeds, lack of credit facilities, lack of fertilizers, and lack of agroforestry tree seedlings. The study recommends that agroforestry tree seedlings should be made available to farmers, credit facilities should be provided for easy access to agroforestry production technologies, extension officers should be employed, and improved seeds, fertilizers should be provided for increased productivity.
{"title":"Technical efficiency of agroforestry production technology among smallholder farmers in Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Alabi, Godbless Friday Safugha","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated technical efficiency of agroforestry production technology among smallholder farmers in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted. A total sample size of 120 smallholder agroforestry farmers was used. Primary data were collected with the aid of structured and well-designed questionnaire. Analytical tools used were: descriptive statistics, farm budgeting techniques, financial analysis, stochastic production frontier model, and principal component model. About 85% of agroforestry farmers were male, while 15% were female. Also, 87.50% of agroforestry farmers were less than 50 years of age. The mean age was 45 years. Furthermore, 85% of agroforestry farmers had formal education and were literate. The household sizes were large with mean value of 6 members per household. The agroforestry systems practiced include: alley farming, shelterbelts, wind breaks, home gardens, api-silviculture, aqua-forestry, retaining tree on farm land, taungya systems, farmed parkland, and silvo-pasture. The result of the farm budgetary technique show that agroforestry farming was profitable among the smallholder farmers in the study area. The result of the maximum likelihood estimates shows that the significant factors influencing output of agroforestry production technology were: seed input (P<0.05), farm size input (P<0.01), fertilizer input (P<0.10), labour input (P<0.10), and chemical input (P<0.01). The significant factors influencing technical inefficiency of agroforestry production technology were: gender (P<0.10), marital status (P<0.01), education level (P<0.01), experience in agroforestry production (P<0.01) and size of households (P<0.10). The average technical efficiency score obtained by the smallholder agroforestry farmers was 40.18%. The constraints facing agroforestry farmers include: lack of training and capacity building, inadequate extension officers, lack of improved seeds, lack of credit facilities, lack of fertilizers, and lack of agroforestry tree seedlings. The study recommends that agroforestry tree seedlings should be made available to farmers, credit facilities should be provided for easy access to agroforestry production technologies, extension officers should be employed, and improved seeds, fertilizers should be provided for increased productivity.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74055638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.22
Hanifi Yağmur, M. Yaşar
In plant production, determining the suitable varieties suitable for the location and choosing the varieties with the best performance are among the top priorities. Biplot analysis has become widespread in recent years as an important statistical technique for plant breeders and those working in agricultural research. This study was carried out according to Randomized Complete Block Design with 18 upcountry and 2 abroad registered varieties in Muş location in 2022 year. Yield and quality components were investigated. According to the results of variance analysis, it was determined that there were statistically significant differences at the level of 1% among the varieties in terms of all the traits examined. According to the average data obtained in the study; bifurcation varied between (%) 5.4-17.8, leaf yield 13.54-24.28 t ha-1, root yield 73.42-93.57 t ha-1, biological yield 90.29-118.26 t ha-1, sugar content (%) 16.2-19.0, plant juice purity 82.39- 88.10%, dry matter (%) 16.4-20.1, α-amino N (mg 100g-1) 0.0405-0.0498 and ash (%) varied between 2.49-3.35. According to the results of the research, in terms of root yield, G10 no and G14 no varieties came to the fore in terms of the most stable and examined traits. G12 no variety came to the fore in terms of sugar yield and G19 no variety in terms of sugar content. When the average data of all examined traits are evaluated together, G10, G11 and G14 no varieties are considered as the most stable varieties. However, varieties with high root yield, sugar content and sugar yield are the primary preferences of growers in sugar beet production. When all the data of the varieties used in the research are evaluated together; G2, G4, G8, G10, G11, G12, G14, G15 and G19 no varieties can be recommended for Muş ecological conditions. However, it was concluded that the study should be carried out in the following years for more decisive recommendations.
在植物生产中，确定适合地理位置的适宜品种，选择性能最好的品种是重中之重。双图分析作为一种重要的统计技术，近年来在植物育种和农业研究中得到广泛应用。本研究采用随机完整块设计，于2022年选取穆乌伊地区18个国内注册品种和2个国外注册品种。研究了收率和质量的组成部分。方差分析结果表明，各品种间各性状在1%水平上存在显著的统计学差异。根据研究中获得的平均数据;分岔在(%)5.4 ~ 17.8之间，叶产量13.54 ~ 24.28 t ha-1，根产量73.42 ~ 93.57 t ha-1，生物产量90.29 ~ 118.26 t ha-1，糖含量16.2 ~ 19.0，汁纯度82.39 ~ 88.10%，干物质(%)16.4 ~ 20.1，α-氨基氮(mg 100g-1) 0.0405 ~ 0.0498，灰分(%)2.49 ~ 3.35。从研究结果来看，在根系产量方面，G10号和G14号品种是最稳定和最受检验的性状。G12在糖产量方面没有品种，G19在糖含量方面没有品种。综合评价各性状的平均值，认为G10、G11和G14为最稳定的品种。然而，高根产量、高含糖量和高糖产量的品种是种植者在甜菜生产中的首选。当研究中使用的所有品种的数据一起评估时;G2、G4、G8、G10、G11、G12、G14、G15和G19不适合木壤生态条件推荐品种。不过，会议的结论是，这项研究应在今后几年内进行，以便提出更有决定性的建议。
{"title":"Investigation of yield and quality parameters of some sugar beet varieties in Muş ecological conditions","authors":"Hanifi Yağmur, M. Yaşar","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.22","url":null,"abstract":"In plant production, determining the suitable varieties suitable for the location and choosing the varieties with the best performance are among the top priorities. Biplot analysis has become widespread in recent years as an important statistical technique for plant breeders and those working in agricultural research. This study was carried out according to Randomized Complete Block Design with 18 upcountry and 2 abroad registered varieties in Muş location in 2022 year. Yield and quality components were investigated. According to the results of variance analysis, it was determined that there were statistically significant differences at the level of 1% among the varieties in terms of all the traits examined. According to the average data obtained in the study; bifurcation varied between (%) 5.4-17.8, leaf yield 13.54-24.28 t ha-1, root yield 73.42-93.57 t ha-1, biological yield 90.29-118.26 t ha-1, sugar content (%) 16.2-19.0, plant juice purity 82.39- 88.10%, dry matter (%) 16.4-20.1, α-amino N (mg 100g-1) 0.0405-0.0498 and ash (%) varied between 2.49-3.35. According to the results of the research, in terms of root yield, G10 no and G14 no varieties came to the fore in terms of the most stable and examined traits. G12 no variety came to the fore in terms of sugar yield and G19 no variety in terms of sugar content. When the average data of all examined traits are evaluated together, G10, G11 and G14 no varieties are considered as the most stable varieties. However, varieties with high root yield, sugar content and sugar yield are the primary preferences of growers in sugar beet production. When all the data of the varieties used in the research are evaluated together; G2, G4, G8, G10, G11, G12, G14, G15 and G19 no varieties can be recommended for Muş ecological conditions. However, it was concluded that the study should be carried out in the following years for more decisive recommendations.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87908376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.17
N. Sezgin, Saidou Kinda, U. Temelli, Nazan Sezgi̇n
Soil pollution refers to the contamination of soil by harmful substances that can have adverse effects on plant and animal life, it also negative affects the health-being of humans. The sources of soil pollution include industrial activities, agricultural practices, mining and transportation activities. The contaminants in soil can include heavy metals, pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, petroleum products, and other chemicals. These contaminants can seep into the soil and accumulate over time, making the soil unsuitable for agriculture or other uses. Heavy metals are a significant concern in soil pollution due to their persistency and potential harm for living organisms. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate metal contamination in soil using ecological risk indices to protect human health. This assessment can help identify potential risks and enable effective management of contaminated sites. This study aimed to assess of the metal pollution levels, including Arsenic (As), Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn), in soil samples from Karabuk using various ecological risk indices. These indices included the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), contamination degree (Cd), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk (PERI). Furthermore, statistical techniques such as correlation and factor analysis were employed to determine the underlying sources responsible for these metals. Based on the results of the Cd, PLI, and PERI, it was found that the soil at T7 exhibited a very high degree of contamination, was moderately to highly polluted, and posed a moderate ecological risk, respectively. The results of the pollution indices suggest that the sources of pollution in the Karabuk soil samples are anthropogenic, meaning they are a result of human activities like industrial processes and improper waste disposal.
{"title":"Pollution indices assessment of metal concentrations in Karabuk soil samples","authors":"N. Sezgin, Saidou Kinda, U. Temelli, Nazan Sezgi̇n","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"Soil pollution refers to the contamination of soil by harmful substances that can have adverse effects on plant and animal life, it also negative affects the health-being of humans. The sources of soil pollution include industrial activities, agricultural practices, mining and transportation activities. The contaminants in soil can include heavy metals, pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, petroleum products, and other chemicals. These contaminants can seep into the soil and accumulate over time, making the soil unsuitable for agriculture or other uses. Heavy metals are a significant concern in soil pollution due to their persistency and potential harm for living organisms. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate metal contamination in soil using ecological risk indices to protect human health. This assessment can help identify potential risks and enable effective management of contaminated sites. This study aimed to assess of the metal pollution levels, including Arsenic (As), Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn), in soil samples from Karabuk using various ecological risk indices. These indices included the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), contamination degree (Cd), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk (PERI). Furthermore, statistical techniques such as correlation and factor analysis were employed to determine the underlying sources responsible for these metals. Based on the results of the Cd, PLI, and PERI, it was found that the soil at T7 exhibited a very high degree of contamination, was moderately to highly polluted, and posed a moderate ecological risk, respectively. The results of the pollution indices suggest that the sources of pollution in the Karabuk soil samples are anthropogenic, meaning they are a result of human activities like industrial processes and improper waste disposal.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86542438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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