Amal Aboelmaaty, Islam El Sayed El-Seadawy, Hazem Ahmad El-Debaky, Heba F. Hozyen, Diya A. El-Badry, Abeer M. Anwer, Tsvetan Tsvetkov, Teodora Daneva
The cryopreservation of stallion spermatozoa varies greatly between animals. Different equine semen extender supplements were invented to maximize the post-thaw semen quality. Soy lecithin is one of those additives that contain plant origin phospholipids used to replace egg yolk to minimize disease transmission. This study aimed to determine which concentrations of soy lecithin can replace egg-yolk in modified INRA-82 semen extenders for the cryopreservation of horse semen. Semen was collected from six Arabian stallions and extended with modified INRA-82 semen extender supplemented with 0.0, 1.25, 2.50, and 5.0% soya lecithin. Frozen-thawed sperm motility was measured at 0, 1, 2, and 3 h. Viability index, sperm plasma membrane integrity (SPMI), and acrosome integrity in addition to the comet assay non-fragmented DNA, head DNA, tail DNA, tail length, and tail moment were statistically analyzed. The addition of 2.5% soya lecithin had the highest post-thaw sperm motility at 0, 1, 2 h (P < 0.001) and 3 h (P < 0.0001), the optimum viability index (P < 0.0001), SPMI (P < 0.05), acrosome integrity (P < 0.0001), non-fragmented DNA (P < 0.01), DNA in the comet head (P < 0.05), minimum DNA in the comet tail (P < 0.05), shortest comet tail length (P < 0.0001), and lowest comet tail moment (P < 0.01). Soy lecithin at concentrations other than 2.5% deteriorated all post-thaw semen parameters. Soy lecithin (2.5%) can replace egg yolk in the modified INRA-82 semen extender for the cryopreservation of good-quality stallion semen.
{"title":"The optimum concentration of soya-lecithin for replacing egg yolk in INRA-82-modified semen extenders improved the cryopreserved semen quality and DNA integrity of Arabian stallions","authors":"Amal Aboelmaaty, Islam El Sayed El-Seadawy, Hazem Ahmad El-Debaky, Heba F. Hozyen, Diya A. El-Badry, Abeer M. Anwer, Tsvetan Tsvetkov, Teodora Daneva","doi":"10.31893/avr.2023019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/avr.2023019","url":null,"abstract":"The cryopreservation of stallion spermatozoa varies greatly between animals. Different equine semen extender supplements were invented to maximize the post-thaw semen quality. Soy lecithin is one of those additives that contain plant origin phospholipids used to replace egg yolk to minimize disease transmission. This study aimed to determine which concentrations of soy lecithin can replace egg-yolk in modified INRA-82 semen extenders for the cryopreservation of horse semen. Semen was collected from six Arabian stallions and extended with modified INRA-82 semen extender supplemented with 0.0, 1.25, 2.50, and 5.0% soya lecithin. Frozen-thawed sperm motility was measured at 0, 1, 2, and 3 h. Viability index, sperm plasma membrane integrity (SPMI), and acrosome integrity in addition to the comet assay non-fragmented DNA, head DNA, tail DNA, tail length, and tail moment were statistically analyzed. The addition of 2.5% soya lecithin had the highest post-thaw sperm motility at 0, 1, 2 h (P < 0.001) and 3 h (P < 0.0001), the optimum viability index (P < 0.0001), SPMI (P < 0.05), acrosome integrity (P < 0.0001), non-fragmented DNA (P < 0.01), DNA in the comet head (P < 0.05), minimum DNA in the comet tail (P < 0.05), shortest comet tail length (P < 0.0001), and lowest comet tail moment (P < 0.01). Soy lecithin at concentrations other than 2.5% deteriorated all post-thaw semen parameters. Soy lecithin (2.5%) can replace egg yolk in the modified INRA-82 semen extender for the cryopreservation of good-quality stallion semen.","PeriodicalId":13839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135923396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed A. Saleh, Nada N. A. M. Hassanine, Taha K. Taha, Amr M. A. Rashad, Mahmoud A. Sharaby
This review systematically introduces basic information on the hypothalamic pituitary-gonad axis and provides knowledge on the regulation, location, function, reproduction, gene mutations, disorders, sexual behavior, life cycle, and effect of environmental factors on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene. On the other hand, this review focused on the GnRH gene, regulations, receptor structures, and their signaling pathways, in addition to its related genes and its effect on crucial hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone. Additionally, gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone and its related peptides, such as R-Famide peptides, were found to decrease hormone secretion by working on the hypothalamic pituitary gonads axis to inhibit the biosynthesis process of gonadotropin alpha and beta subunits. Additionally, the roles of crucial hormones in reproduction and fertility, as well as the disruption, resulted from mutations. Special characteristics of several hormones and pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone were also summarized.
{"title":"Molecular regulation and genetic basis of gonadotropin-releasing hormone genes: A review","authors":"Ahmed A. Saleh, Nada N. A. M. Hassanine, Taha K. Taha, Amr M. A. Rashad, Mahmoud A. Sharaby","doi":"10.31893/avr.2023017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/avr.2023017","url":null,"abstract":"This review systematically introduces basic information on the hypothalamic pituitary-gonad axis and provides knowledge on the regulation, location, function, reproduction, gene mutations, disorders, sexual behavior, life cycle, and effect of environmental factors on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene. On the other hand, this review focused on the GnRH gene, regulations, receptor structures, and their signaling pathways, in addition to its related genes and its effect on crucial hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone. Additionally, gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone and its related peptides, such as R-Famide peptides, were found to decrease hormone secretion by working on the hypothalamic pituitary gonads axis to inhibit the biosynthesis process of gonadotropin alpha and beta subunits. Additionally, the roles of crucial hormones in reproduction and fertility, as well as the disruption, resulted from mutations. Special characteristics of several hormones and pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone were also summarized.","PeriodicalId":13839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136360622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rabia Gözde ÖZALP, Burcu ÜSTÜNER, Özge BARİ, Ahmet AKTAR, Ahmet YAVUZ, Hakan SAĞIRKAYA
Pet hayvanlarında biyoteknolojik çalışmalar son yıllarda hız kazanmaya başlamıştır. Köpeklerde başarısız yardımcı üreme teknikleriyle ilgili oluşan sorular, muhtemelen köpek türlerinin reproduktif fizyolojisine ait yetersiz bilgiden kaynaklanmaktadır. Fakat diğer taraftan pet biyolojisindeki uygulamalar, insan hastalıkları için model oluşturmaktadır. Bunun ötesinde gamet kriyopreservasyonunun gelişmesi, nesli tükenmekte olan türlerin korunması ve genetik banka oluşturulması için önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, köpek oositlerindeki düşük maturasyon oranlarına rağmen, partenogenetik aktivasyonun etkileri vitrifiye oositlerde test edildi. Köpek oositleri, Yıldırım Belediyesi Sokak Hayvanları Bakım ve Rehabilitasyon merkezinden alınan, 20 adet sağlıklı köpekten toplandı. Ovaryumların tekrarlı parçalanmasından sonra, seçilen COCs (kumulus oosit kompleksleri), 5% CO2 inkübatörde, mineral yağla kaplanmış 500 µl TCM-199 içeren dört-gözlü petrilerde, 39°C’de, 72 saat boyunca maturasyona bırakıldı. Maturasyondan sonra oositler, 0%, 10%, 20% etilen glikol içeren 50 ml PBl içinde sırasıyla, 10, 10 dakika ve 30 saniye muamele edildi. Oositler, 30 µl VS3 içeren kriyoviallere yerleştirilerek sıvı nitrojende donduruldu. Bu grubun oositleri (n=257) ‘vitrifiye oosit-VO’ olarak gruplandı. Çözdürme sonrasında, oositler ionomisinle 5 dakika ve sikloheksimid ile 3 saat muamele ederek partenogenetik aktivasyona bırakıldı. Sonrasında oositler 72 saat kültüre edilerek nükleer maturasyon değerlendirildi. Kontrol grubu olarak kullanılan oositler (n=257), ‘non vitrifiye oosit-FO’ olarak gruplandırıldı. Maturasyondan sonra, oositler direkt olarak ionomisin ve sikloheksimid ile muamele edilerek aktivasyona bırakıldı ve 72 saat kültüre edildi. Tüm oositler Hoechst33342 ile 30 dakika boyandıktan sonra nükleer maturasyon oranları mikroskopta değerlendirildi. Maturasyon oranları (MI+MII) gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı. (p>0,05). Gruplar arasında GV, GVBD, MI, ve MII oranlarında da istatistiksel fark bulunmadı (p>0,05). Maturasyon sonrasında, vitrifiye köpek oositlerinde partenogenetik aktivasyona bağlı nükleer değerlendirmeye çalışması bulunmamaktadır. Fakat bu uygulamada elde edilen düşük maturasyon oranlarının, ileri moleküler çalışmalarla açıklanması gerektiği kanısındayız.
{"title":"Partenogenetik Aktivasyonun Vitrifiye Köpek Oositleri Üzerine Etkisi","authors":"Rabia Gözde ÖZALP, Burcu ÜSTÜNER, Özge BARİ, Ahmet AKTAR, Ahmet YAVUZ, Hakan SAĞIRKAYA","doi":"10.30782/jrvm.1326864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30782/jrvm.1326864","url":null,"abstract":"Pet hayvanlarında biyoteknolojik çalışmalar son yıllarda hız kazanmaya başlamıştır. Köpeklerde başarısız yardımcı üreme teknikleriyle ilgili oluşan sorular, muhtemelen köpek türlerinin reproduktif fizyolojisine ait yetersiz bilgiden kaynaklanmaktadır. Fakat diğer taraftan pet biyolojisindeki uygulamalar, insan hastalıkları için model oluşturmaktadır. Bunun ötesinde gamet kriyopreservasyonunun gelişmesi, nesli tükenmekte olan türlerin korunması ve genetik banka oluşturulması için önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, köpek oositlerindeki düşük maturasyon oranlarına rağmen, partenogenetik aktivasyonun etkileri vitrifiye oositlerde test edildi. Köpek oositleri, Yıldırım Belediyesi Sokak Hayvanları Bakım ve Rehabilitasyon merkezinden alınan, 20 adet sağlıklı köpekten toplandı. Ovaryumların tekrarlı parçalanmasından sonra, seçilen COCs (kumulus oosit kompleksleri), 5% CO2 inkübatörde, mineral yağla kaplanmış 500 µl TCM-199 içeren dört-gözlü petrilerde, 39°C’de, 72 saat boyunca maturasyona bırakıldı. Maturasyondan sonra oositler, 0%, 10%, 20% etilen glikol içeren 50 ml PBl içinde sırasıyla, 10, 10 dakika ve 30 saniye muamele edildi. Oositler, 30 µl VS3 içeren kriyoviallere yerleştirilerek sıvı nitrojende donduruldu. Bu grubun oositleri (n=257) ‘vitrifiye oosit-VO’ olarak gruplandı. Çözdürme sonrasında, oositler ionomisinle 5 dakika ve sikloheksimid ile 3 saat muamele ederek partenogenetik aktivasyona bırakıldı. Sonrasında oositler 72 saat kültüre edilerek nükleer maturasyon değerlendirildi. Kontrol grubu olarak kullanılan oositler (n=257), ‘non vitrifiye oosit-FO’ olarak gruplandırıldı. Maturasyondan sonra, oositler direkt olarak ionomisin ve sikloheksimid ile muamele edilerek aktivasyona bırakıldı ve 72 saat kültüre edildi. Tüm oositler Hoechst33342 ile 30 dakika boyandıktan sonra nükleer maturasyon oranları mikroskopta değerlendirildi. Maturasyon oranları (MI+MII) gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı. (p&gt;0,05). Gruplar arasında GV, GVBD, MI, ve MII oranlarında da istatistiksel fark bulunmadı (p&gt;0,05). Maturasyon sonrasında, vitrifiye köpek oositlerinde partenogenetik aktivasyona bağlı nükleer değerlendirmeye çalışması bulunmamaktadır. Fakat bu uygulamada elde edilen düşük maturasyon oranlarının, ileri moleküler çalışmalarla açıklanması gerektiği kanısındayız.","PeriodicalId":13839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136360901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous semen extenders have been recommended for storing poultry semen. This study was conducted to assess a suitable extender, storage period and dilution rate for semen collected from the Horasi chicken ecotype. To accomplish the objectives, a 4 x 4 x 4 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design employing four extenders (BPSE, LAKE, CARI and garlic extract mixture), four dilution rates (1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5) and four storage periods (0, 12, 24 and 48 hours) was used. Semen samples were collected from ten Horasi cockerels using the abdominal massage technique, kept at 4°C and subsequently examined for semen motility, viability and normalcy after extension with specific diluent, each dilution rate and storage period. Sperm motility and viability were significantly (p<0.05) reduced across all extenders and dilution rates examined, while defective spermatozoa increased with storage period. The Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (BPSE) maintained high spermatozoa motility, viability, and normalcy at all dilution rates and storage periods tested, followed by the CARI and LAKE extenders, whereas the Garlic extender performed worse at all dilution rates and storage periods than the other extenders, especially at a 1:5 dilution rate and 48 hours of storage. Based on our findings, a high percentage of sperm motility, viability, and normalcy for Horasi chicken ecotype semen were observed while using BPSE at a dilution rate of 1:2, and the quality was maintained throughout the storage period tested. Thus, it is concluded that BPSE extender at a 1:2 dilution rate is a suitable extender for Horasi chicken ecotype semen.
{"title":"Effect of semen extenders, dilution rates and storage periods on spermatozoa quality of Horasi chicken ecotype","authors":"Amina Burilo, Isaac Kashoma","doi":"10.31893/avr.2023020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/avr.2023020","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous semen extenders have been recommended for storing poultry semen. This study was conducted to assess a suitable extender, storage period and dilution rate for semen collected from the Horasi chicken ecotype. To accomplish the objectives, a 4 x 4 x 4 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design employing four extenders (BPSE, LAKE, CARI and garlic extract mixture), four dilution rates (1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5) and four storage periods (0, 12, 24 and 48 hours) was used. Semen samples were collected from ten Horasi cockerels using the abdominal massage technique, kept at 4°C and subsequently examined for semen motility, viability and normalcy after extension with specific diluent, each dilution rate and storage period. Sperm motility and viability were significantly (p<0.05) reduced across all extenders and dilution rates examined, while defective spermatozoa increased with storage period. The Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (BPSE) maintained high spermatozoa motility, viability, and normalcy at all dilution rates and storage periods tested, followed by the CARI and LAKE extenders, whereas the Garlic extender performed worse at all dilution rates and storage periods than the other extenders, especially at a 1:5 dilution rate and 48 hours of storage. Based on our findings, a high percentage of sperm motility, viability, and normalcy for Horasi chicken ecotype semen were observed while using BPSE at a dilution rate of 1:2, and the quality was maintained throughout the storage period tested. Thus, it is concluded that BPSE extender at a 1:2 dilution rate is a suitable extender for Horasi chicken ecotype semen.","PeriodicalId":13839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134946451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The search for alternative ingredient options in the animal diet that have antimicrobial activity is due to many factors, such as pathogens increasing resistance and the presence of antibiotic residues in animal products consumed by humans. Therefore, there is a rising demand for natural additives that do not interfere with animal development or human health. Here, we compare studies on the use of essential oils as antimicrobial agents in broiler chicken diets. First, 90 papers were found using the key words “broilers”, “antimicrobial”, and “essential oils”. The second step was to select the papers according to the scales of Jadad and Medeiros and Stein, where six remaining researchers were selected to describe the antimicrobial activity of essential oils in response to enteric pathogens. Essential oils (EOS) have antimicrobial activity against different pathogens, such as E. coli, S. Enteritidis, S. Heidelberg and C. perfringens, and are considered alternatives to antibiotics used in animal production. The EOs that showed the greatest effectiveness were oregano essential oil (EO), cinnamaldehyde and thymol concentrates; when used together with additives such as sodium butyrate and xylanase, there was better antimicrobial action and improved animal performance. Ginger and carvacrol EOS also demonstrated antimicrobial activities, as did thymol, cinnamaldehyde and eucalyptus EO concentrates, but studies on the specific action of plant species that produce EOS for certain pathogens are still lacking; thus, the topic lacks an ongoing study addressing the addition of EOS in the feed of poultry production.
{"title":"Essential oils in broiler chicken diets as antimicrobial agents: Systematic review","authors":"Beatriz Delcarme Lima, Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira, Daniela Bernadete Rozza","doi":"10.31893/avr.2023016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/avr.2023016","url":null,"abstract":"The search for alternative ingredient options in the animal diet that have antimicrobial activity is due to many factors, such as pathogens increasing resistance and the presence of antibiotic residues in animal products consumed by humans. Therefore, there is a rising demand for natural additives that do not interfere with animal development or human health. Here, we compare studies on the use of essential oils as antimicrobial agents in broiler chicken diets. First, 90 papers were found using the key words “broilers”, “antimicrobial”, and “essential oils”. The second step was to select the papers according to the scales of Jadad and Medeiros and Stein, where six remaining researchers were selected to describe the antimicrobial activity of essential oils in response to enteric pathogens. Essential oils (EOS) have antimicrobial activity against different pathogens, such as E. coli, S. Enteritidis, S. Heidelberg and C. perfringens, and are considered alternatives to antibiotics used in animal production. The EOs that showed the greatest effectiveness were oregano essential oil (EO), cinnamaldehyde and thymol concentrates; when used together with additives such as sodium butyrate and xylanase, there was better antimicrobial action and improved animal performance. Ginger and carvacrol EOS also demonstrated antimicrobial activities, as did thymol, cinnamaldehyde and eucalyptus EO concentrates, but studies on the specific action of plant species that produce EOS for certain pathogens are still lacking; thus, the topic lacks an ongoing study addressing the addition of EOS in the feed of poultry production.","PeriodicalId":13839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"300 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134946447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saber Y. Adam, A. E. Hamza, Mohammed H. Jammaa, Hassan H. Musa, Davies M. Pfukenyi, Demin Cai, Abdelkareem A. Ahmed
The livestock sector plays a critical role in the Sudanese economy and the welfare of the whole population. Despite the sector’s significant contribution to peoples’ livelihoods, the veterinary services and education environment has always faced daunting challenges in Sudan. However, there is no literature on the challenges faced by the veterinary sector in the country. The purpose of this study was to identify and document veterinary services and education challenges and their potential solutions in Sudan. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted and hosted online on the Microsoft Forms platform. The questionnaire comprised closed questions on participants’ demographics, veterinary profession challenges and potential solutions that were distributed through social media. A total of 357 participants identified the challenges and solutions through the prioritization of 30 and 29 multiple responses, respectively. The main top challenges identified were not giving priority to the veterinary sector (57.4%), migration of veterinary professionals (55.7%), inadequate allocation of resources to the veterinary sector (53.8%), practice of veterinary medicine by nonprofessional people (52.4%), and weak leadership and management (50.4%). The leading solutions suggested included training and capacity building (76.8%), spreading the culture of animal welfare (62.7%), application of the Animal Welfare Law (62.5%), giving priority to the veterinary sector (61.6%), and improving healthcare infrastructure (61.1%). We conclude that most problems and their solutions lie within the prioritization of the veterinary profession, veterinary professional migration, allocation of resources, leadership and management, culture and application of the Animal Welfare Law. These should be accorded the highest priority for better veterinary profession outcomes.
{"title":"Veterinary medicine education and services in Sudan: Challenges and potential solutions","authors":"Saber Y. Adam, A. E. Hamza, Mohammed H. Jammaa, Hassan H. Musa, Davies M. Pfukenyi, Demin Cai, Abdelkareem A. Ahmed","doi":"10.31893/avr.2023018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/avr.2023018","url":null,"abstract":"The livestock sector plays a critical role in the Sudanese economy and the welfare of the whole population. Despite the sector’s significant contribution to peoples’ livelihoods, the veterinary services and education environment has always faced daunting challenges in Sudan. However, there is no literature on the challenges faced by the veterinary sector in the country. The purpose of this study was to identify and document veterinary services and education challenges and their potential solutions in Sudan. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted and hosted online on the Microsoft Forms platform. The questionnaire comprised closed questions on participants’ demographics, veterinary profession challenges and potential solutions that were distributed through social media. A total of 357 participants identified the challenges and solutions through the prioritization of 30 and 29 multiple responses, respectively. The main top challenges identified were not giving priority to the veterinary sector (57.4%), migration of veterinary professionals (55.7%), inadequate allocation of resources to the veterinary sector (53.8%), practice of veterinary medicine by nonprofessional people (52.4%), and weak leadership and management (50.4%). The leading solutions suggested included training and capacity building (76.8%), spreading the culture of animal welfare (62.7%), application of the Animal Welfare Law (62.5%), giving priority to the veterinary sector (61.6%), and improving healthcare infrastructure (61.1%). We conclude that most problems and their solutions lie within the prioritization of the veterinary profession, veterinary professional migration, allocation of resources, leadership and management, culture and application of the Animal Welfare Law. These should be accorded the highest priority for better veterinary profession outcomes.","PeriodicalId":13839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transforme edici büyüme faktörü alfa (TGF-α), ovaryumlarda ovositlerin olgunlaşmasında, granüloza hücrelerinin proliferasyonunda ve diferansiyasyonunda önemli roller oynayan bir büyüme faktörüdür. Bu çalışma, erişkin kedi ovaryumlarında ilk defa TGF-α’nın immunohistokimyasal yerleşiminin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Çalışmada 10 adet, evcil, erişkin kedi ovaryumu kullanıldı. Dokular %10’luk tamponlanmış nötr formol solüsyonunda tespit edildi ve rutin histolojik prosedür uygulandı. Kesitlere Crossman’ın üçlü boyaması uygulanarak ovaryumların genel histolojik yapısı ve indirekt streptavidin-biotin-peroksidaz kompleks yöntemi uygulanarak TGF-α’nın immunohistokimyasal yerleşimi incelendi. Ovaryumlarda TGF-α’ya ait pozitif boyamaların sadece granüloza hücrelerinde, teka interna hücrelerinde, folliküllerin ovositlerinde ve teka lutein hücrelerinde olduğu görüldü. Primordiyal folliküllerin ovositlerinde, büyük antral ve atretik foliküllerin granüloza hücrelerinde şiddetli immun reaksiyon gözlendi. Folliküllerin çevresini saran teka interna katmanında ve teka lutein hücrelerinde ise orta şiddetli immun reaksiyon gözlendi. Sonuç olarak, TGF-α’nın erişkin kedi ovaryumlarında parakrin ya da otokrin bir düzenleyici olarak hem folikülogeneziste hem de granüloza hücrelerinin proliferasyonunda ve differansiyasyonunda rol oynayacağı sonucuna varıldı.
{"title":"Immunohistochemical Localization of TGF-α in Cat’s (Felis Catus) Ovary","authors":"Cansel Güzin ÖZGÜDEN AKKOÇ","doi":"10.30782/jrvm.1342716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30782/jrvm.1342716","url":null,"abstract":"Transforme edici büyüme faktörü alfa (TGF-α), ovaryumlarda ovositlerin olgunlaşmasında, granüloza hücrelerinin proliferasyonunda ve diferansiyasyonunda önemli roller oynayan bir büyüme faktörüdür. Bu çalışma, erişkin kedi ovaryumlarında ilk defa TGF-α’nın immunohistokimyasal yerleşiminin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Çalışmada 10 adet, evcil, erişkin kedi ovaryumu kullanıldı. Dokular %10’luk tamponlanmış nötr formol solüsyonunda tespit edildi ve rutin histolojik prosedür uygulandı. Kesitlere Crossman’ın üçlü boyaması uygulanarak ovaryumların genel histolojik yapısı ve indirekt streptavidin-biotin-peroksidaz kompleks yöntemi uygulanarak TGF-α’nın immunohistokimyasal yerleşimi incelendi. Ovaryumlarda TGF-α’ya ait pozitif boyamaların sadece granüloza hücrelerinde, teka interna hücrelerinde, folliküllerin ovositlerinde ve teka lutein hücrelerinde olduğu görüldü. Primordiyal folliküllerin ovositlerinde, büyük antral ve atretik foliküllerin granüloza hücrelerinde şiddetli immun reaksiyon gözlendi. Folliküllerin çevresini saran teka interna katmanında ve teka lutein hücrelerinde ise orta şiddetli immun reaksiyon gözlendi. Sonuç olarak, TGF-α’nın erişkin kedi ovaryumlarında parakrin ya da otokrin bir düzenleyici olarak hem folikülogeneziste hem de granüloza hücrelerinin proliferasyonunda ve differansiyasyonunda rol oynayacağı sonucuna varıldı.","PeriodicalId":13839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"64 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134958664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The performance, egg characteristics and lipid profile of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) fed diets containing different levels of Maxigrain as a feed additive were investigated. A total of 225 (7 weeks) old Japanese quails weighing 235-248 g at the point of lay were allotted to 5 dietary treatments in a completely randomized experimental design with 5 replicates of 9 birds each. Dietary treatments for the entire 56 of days the feeding trial included: T1: 0 g of Maxigrain kg-1 diet, T2: 0.5 g Maxigrain kg-1 diet, T3: 1 g Maxigrain kg-1 diet, T4: 1.5 g Maxigrain kg-1 diet and T5: 2 g Maxigrain kg-1 diet. The results of the study showed that values for average daily feed intake, egg length, egg diameter, egg shape index, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride, albumen weight, albumen height and yolk height were not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05), while dietary treatment significantly (P < 0.05) affected the values for the average daily weight gain, egg weight, egg mass, egg yolk weight and shell thickness among the treatments with T4 and T5 having the highest values of the above variables. It was concluded that T4 and T5 treatment could be safely included in the diet for improved performance in laying quail.
研究了在饲料中添加不同水平麦麸氨酸对日本鹌鹑生产性能、蛋特性和脂质特性的影响。选用225只7周龄、体重为235 ~ 248 g的产蛋日本鹌鹑，采用完全随机试验设计，分为5个饲粮处理，每5个重复，每个重复9只。整个56 d的饲粮处理为:T1: 0 g Maxigrain kg-1饲粮，T2: 0.5 g Maxigrain kg-1饲粮，T3: 1 g Maxigrain kg-1饲粮，T4: 1.5 g Maxigrain kg-1饲粮，T5: 2 g Maxigrain kg-1饲粮。结果表明:饲粮处理对平均日采食量、蛋长、蛋直径、蛋形指数、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯、蛋白重、蛋白高和蛋黄高的影响不显著(P < 0.05)，而对平均日增重、蛋重、蛋质量、蛋氨酸和蛋氨酸的影响显著(P < 0.05)。蛋黄重和蛋壳厚度均以T4和T5处理最高。由此可见，饲粮中添加T4和T5可安全提高产蛋鹌鹑的生产性能。
{"title":"Laying performance and egg characteristics of Japanese quail fed rations containing different levels of Maxigrain as a feed additive","authors":"O. Negedu, C. Ezenwosu, A. Onyimonyi","doi":"10.31893/avr.2023015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/avr.2023015","url":null,"abstract":"The performance, egg characteristics and lipid profile of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) fed diets containing different levels of Maxigrain as a feed additive were investigated. A total of 225 (7 weeks) old Japanese quails weighing 235-248 g at the point of lay were allotted to 5 dietary treatments in a completely randomized experimental design with 5 replicates of 9 birds each. Dietary treatments for the entire 56 of days the feeding trial included: T1: 0 g of Maxigrain kg-1 diet, T2: 0.5 g Maxigrain kg-1 diet, T3: 1 g Maxigrain kg-1 diet, T4: 1.5 g Maxigrain kg-1 diet and T5: 2 g Maxigrain kg-1 diet. The results of the study showed that values for average daily feed intake, egg length, egg diameter, egg shape index, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride, albumen weight, albumen height and yolk height were not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05), while dietary treatment significantly (P < 0.05) affected the values for the average daily weight gain, egg weight, egg mass, egg yolk weight and shell thickness among the treatments with T4 and T5 having the highest values of the above variables. It was concluded that T4 and T5 treatment could be safely included in the diet for improved performance in laying quail.","PeriodicalId":13839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"262 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74147333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of kaolin on the growth performance, haematological indices and some serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens. A total of 261 ‘Anak strain’ mix sexed of day-old chicks of broiler chickens at two weeks of age were allotted to 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized experimental design with 6 replicates of 9 birds each. Dietary treatments at both the starter phase at 14 days old up to 28 days old age and treatment at the finisher phase at 28 days old up to 56 days old age included:0 g/kg ration, 5 g/kg ration, 10 g/kg ration and 15 g/kg ration. The results of the weekly feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio showed that weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio improved (P < 0.05) in favor of the treatment groups. In overall and daily performance of the birds, feed intake and weight gain were higher (P < 0.05) in the treatment group than in the control group. However, serum biochemical and haematological indices investigated among the treatments were not significant (P > 0.05). It was recommended that up to 5-15% kaolin can be safely included in rations for improved performance in broiler production.
{"title":"Impact of kaolin on growth performance, haematological and some serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens","authors":"C. Ezenwosu, M. Ogala, O. Ezeugwu","doi":"10.31893/avr.2023014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/avr.2023014","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of kaolin on the growth performance, haematological indices and some serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens. A total of 261 ‘Anak strain’ mix sexed of day-old chicks of broiler chickens at two weeks of age were allotted to 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized experimental design with 6 replicates of 9 birds each. Dietary treatments at both the starter phase at 14 days old up to 28 days old age and treatment at the finisher phase at 28 days old up to 56 days old age included:0 g/kg ration, 5 g/kg ration, 10 g/kg ration and 15 g/kg ration. The results of the weekly feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio showed that weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio improved (P < 0.05) in favor of the treatment groups. In overall and daily performance of the birds, feed intake and weight gain were higher (P < 0.05) in the treatment group than in the control group. However, serum biochemical and haematological indices investigated among the treatments were not significant (P > 0.05). It was recommended that up to 5-15% kaolin can be safely included in rations for improved performance in broiler production.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":13839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83300551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mechanical forces during mechanical milking lead to changes in teat tissue. This effect is related to the degree of adaptation of the milking machines to the physiological requirements of the lactating animals. If the milking machine settings and liners are not suitable for all lactating animals on the farm, the teat condition will deteriorate and some animals may suffer from mastitis. For this reason, the company Siliconform, Germany, sets itself the task of developing better suiting milking machines for lactating animals, as the company has been in milking technology for 50 years and has a great amount of experience with all lactating animals such as cows, sheep, goats, and camels. First, milking machines for cows “MultiLactor” and Camels “StimuLactor” were developed. After the great success of using both milking machines, the focus was on the further development of the teat liners. The name of the new liner is “Stimulor Stressless”. These new liners have unique properties that are excellent for maintaining teat health during machine milking in all lactating animals. One of its distinguishing features is the presence of a wave-shaped design of its mouthpiece, which allows it to adapt well to the different teat sizes in a herd, thus ensuring consistent milking of the entire herd. In this way, the aim of our milking technology was achieved, which is to imitate the rhythmic process of calf suckling during machine milking as much as possible.
{"title":"Importance of the new silicone liner “Stimulor® Stressless” for optimal milking performance and welfare of the lactating animals-technical report","authors":"S. Kaskous","doi":"10.31893/avr.2023011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/avr.2023011","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical forces during mechanical milking lead to changes in teat tissue. This effect is related to the degree of adaptation of the milking machines to the physiological requirements of the lactating animals. If the milking machine settings and liners are not suitable for all lactating animals on the farm, the teat condition will deteriorate and some animals may suffer from mastitis. For this reason, the company Siliconform, Germany, sets itself the task of developing better suiting milking machines for lactating animals, as the company has been in milking technology for 50 years and has a great amount of experience with all lactating animals such as cows, sheep, goats, and camels. First, milking machines for cows “MultiLactor” and Camels “StimuLactor” were developed. After the great success of using both milking machines, the focus was on the further development of the teat liners. The name of the new liner is “Stimulor Stressless”. These new liners have unique properties that are excellent for maintaining teat health during machine milking in all lactating animals. One of its distinguishing features is the presence of a wave-shaped design of its mouthpiece, which allows it to adapt well to the different teat sizes in a herd, thus ensuring consistent milking of the entire herd. In this way, the aim of our milking technology was achieved, which is to imitate the rhythmic process of calf suckling during machine milking as much as possible.","PeriodicalId":13839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77957515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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