{"title":"The investigation of fuel properties of mixtures obtained by adding waste sunflower biodiesel and ethanol to euro diesel fuel","authors":"F. Aydın","doi":"10.18245/ijaet.874772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.874772","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13841,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85045797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/IJET.20.23
I. Odesanya, Joseph Femi Odesanya
A lot of neural network training algorithms on prediction exist and these algorithms are being used by researchers to solve evaluation, forecasting, clustering, function approximation etc. problems in traffic volume congestion. This study is aimed at analysing the performance of traffic congestion using some designated neural network training algorithms on traffic flow in some selected corridors within Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria. The selected corridors were Oba Adesida road, Oyemekun road and Oke Ijebu road all in Akure. The traffic flow data were collected manually with the help of field observers who monitored and record traffic movement along the corridors. To accomplish this, three common training algorithms were selected to train the traffic flow data. The data were trained using Bayesian Regularization (BR), Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) training algorithms. The outputs/performances of these training functions were evaluated by using the Mean Square Error (MSE) and Coefficient of Regression (R) to find the best training algorithms. The results show that, the Bayesian regularization algorithm, performs better with MSE of 2.37e-13 and R of 0.9999 than SCG and LM algorithms.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Traffic Congestion Using Designated Neural Network Training Algorithms","authors":"I. Odesanya, Joseph Femi Odesanya","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/IJET.20.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/IJET.20.23","url":null,"abstract":"A lot of neural network training algorithms on prediction exist and these algorithms are being used by researchers to solve evaluation, forecasting, clustering, function approximation etc. problems in traffic volume congestion. This study is aimed at analysing the performance of traffic congestion using some designated neural network training algorithms on traffic flow in some selected corridors within Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria. The selected corridors were Oba Adesida road, Oyemekun road and Oke Ijebu road all in Akure. The traffic flow data were collected manually with the help of field observers who monitored and record traffic movement along the corridors. To accomplish this, three common training algorithms were selected to train the traffic flow data. The data were trained using Bayesian Regularization (BR), Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) training algorithms. The outputs/performances of these training functions were evaluated by using the Mean Square Error (MSE) and Coefficient of Regression (R) to find the best training algorithms. The results show that, the Bayesian regularization algorithm, performs better with MSE of 2.37e-13 and R of 0.9999 than SCG and LM algorithms.","PeriodicalId":13841,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies","volume":"14 1","pages":"23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75466168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/IJET.20.9
E. Taiwo, O. Tokede, O. Sanda
Inventory of spent engine oil continuously increase and indiscriminately disposed of at auto-mechanics garages. Adsorptive separation established to be indispensable in recovery of these hydrocarbons was carried out using Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple) fruit shell – a renewable resource. In this study, clay pretreated spent engine oil was recovered in a fixed bed adsorption processes and the recovered adsorbate components determined by GC-MS analysis. The results showed African star apple fruit shell adsorbent effective in recovering n-hexane solubilized spent lubricating oil. The study concluded that using the developed African star apple fruit shell adsorbent, an agricultural waste adsorbent in the recovery of waste lubricating oil will enhance greatly the nation’s economy.
{"title":"Potentials of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) Fruit Shell Adsorbent in Recovery of Valuable Hydrocarbons for Spent Engine Oil","authors":"E. Taiwo, O. Tokede, O. Sanda","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/IJET.20.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/IJET.20.9","url":null,"abstract":"Inventory of spent engine oil continuously increase and indiscriminately disposed of at auto-mechanics garages. Adsorptive separation established to be indispensable in recovery of these hydrocarbons was carried out using Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple) fruit shell – a renewable resource. In this study, clay pretreated spent engine oil was recovered in a fixed bed adsorption processes and the recovered adsorbate components determined by GC-MS analysis. The results showed African star apple fruit shell adsorbent effective in recovering n-hexane solubilized spent lubricating oil. The study concluded that using the developed African star apple fruit shell adsorbent, an agricultural waste adsorbent in the recovery of waste lubricating oil will enhance greatly the nation’s economy.","PeriodicalId":13841,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89981896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of effects of boron additives on performance of cam mechanisms","authors":"H. Baş","doi":"10.18245/IJAET.843193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18245/IJAET.843193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13841,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies","volume":"8 1","pages":"60-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80829653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A bench-top automobile air conditioning (AAC) system using a thermostatic expansion valve was developed. The system was equipped with a coaxial internal heat exchanger (HEX) and charged with R1234yf, a new refrigerant used as an alternative to R134a. The system was tested at the compressor speeds ranging between 1000 rpm and 2600 rpm with increments of 400 rpm. For each compressor speed, the air temperatures at the evaporator and condenser inlets were concurrently changed between 30 °C and 40 °C with increments of 5 °C. The system was operated for the cases of employing and not employing the HEX, and totally 30 test runs were performed. Then, the first law of thermodynamics was applied to the system components to evaluate various steady state performance parameters. The considered parameters were the refrigerant mass flow rate, evaporating temperature, cooling capacity, compressor power, coefficient of performance (COP), condenser heat dissipation rate and discharge temperature of the compressor. It was determined that the experimental system employing the HEX yielded on average 0.8 °C lower evaporating temperature, 2.2% higher cooling capacity, 2.0% lower compressor power and 3.0% higher COP values relative to the system not employing the HEX. These findings reveal that the use of HEX causes a better system performance in terms of the cooling capacity, compressor power and COP. Consequently, the performance of R1234yf AAC systems can be improved with the use of HEX, and thus, the AAC systems using R1234yf can be more competitive with those using R134a.
{"title":"Experimental performance evaluation of an R1234yf automobile air conditioning system employing an internal heat exchanger","authors":"Umut Güngör, Murat Hoşöz","doi":"10.18245/IJAET.842426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18245/IJAET.842426","url":null,"abstract":"A bench-top automobile air conditioning (AAC) system using a thermostatic expansion valve was developed. The system was equipped with a coaxial internal heat exchanger (HEX) and charged with R1234yf, a new refrigerant used as an alternative to R134a. The system was tested at the compressor speeds ranging between 1000 rpm and 2600 rpm with increments of 400 rpm. For each compressor speed, the air temperatures at the evaporator and condenser inlets were concurrently changed between 30 °C and 40 °C with increments of 5 °C. The system was operated for the cases of employing and not employing the HEX, and totally 30 test runs were performed. Then, the first law of thermodynamics was applied to the system components to evaluate various steady state performance parameters. The considered parameters were the refrigerant mass flow rate, evaporating temperature, cooling capacity, compressor power, coefficient of performance (COP), condenser heat dissipation rate and discharge temperature of the compressor. It was determined that the experimental system employing the HEX yielded on average 0.8 °C lower evaporating temperature, 2.2% higher cooling capacity, 2.0% lower compressor power and 3.0% higher COP values relative to the system not employing the HEX. These findings reveal that the use of HEX causes a better system performance in terms of the cooling capacity, compressor power and COP. Consequently, the performance of R1234yf AAC systems can be improved with the use of HEX, and thus, the AAC systems using R1234yf can be more competitive with those using R134a.","PeriodicalId":13841,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies","volume":"14 1","pages":"50-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87074736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents to estimating studies of the torque data of the Electric Vehicle (EV) motor using Adaptive-Network Based Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS). The real-time data set of the Outer-Rotor Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (ORPMBLDC) motor which was designed and manufactured for using in ultra-light EV, was used in these estimation process. The current, the power and the motor speed parameters are defined as input variables, and the torque parameter defined as output variable. Five distinct ANFIS models were designed for torque estimation process and the performances of each model were compared. The most effective model for testing data set among the ANFIS models was anfis: 2 with 98 nodes and 36 fuzzy rules, and the worst model was anfis: 5 with 286 nodes and 125 fuzzy rules. Performance results of all designed models were presented in tables and graphs.
{"title":"Torque estimation of electric vehicle motor using adaptive-network based fuzzy inference systems","authors":"Alper Kerem","doi":"10.18245/IJAET.879754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18245/IJAET.879754","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents to estimating studies of the torque data of the Electric Vehicle (EV) motor using Adaptive-Network Based Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS). The real-time data set of the Outer-Rotor Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (ORPMBLDC) motor which was designed and manufactured for using in ultra-light EV, was used in these estimation process. The current, the power and the motor speed parameters are defined as input variables, and the torque parameter defined as output variable. Five distinct ANFIS models were designed for torque estimation process and the performances of each model were compared. The most effective model for testing data set among the ANFIS models was anfis: 2 with 98 nodes and 36 fuzzy rules, and the worst model was anfis: 5 with 286 nodes and 125 fuzzy rules. Performance results of all designed models were presented in tables and graphs.","PeriodicalId":13841,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87129908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The surface roughness of two contacting surfaces significantly influences the tribological performance of the mechanical elements. Their impression is more pronounced under the mixed elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication condition. The cam and flat follower mechanism is a typical sample in which adverse tribological conditions, including direct boundary interactions occurs. In this study, effects of surface roughness on the friction force and friction coefficient are investigated using engine oil at different test conditions in a cam follower mechanism. It is seen that decreasing roughness of the contact surfaces has a more desirable tribological performance, and decrease friction coefficient, therefore increase wear resistance.
{"title":"Investigation of effects of surface roughness on the performance of cam mechanisms","authors":"H. Baş","doi":"10.18245/IJAET.843229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18245/IJAET.843229","url":null,"abstract":"The surface roughness of two contacting surfaces significantly influences the tribological performance of the mechanical elements. Their impression is more pronounced under the mixed elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication condition. The cam and flat follower mechanism is a typical sample in which adverse tribological conditions, including direct boundary interactions occurs. In this study, effects of surface roughness on the friction force and friction coefficient are investigated using engine oil at different test conditions in a cam follower mechanism. It is seen that decreasing roughness of the contact surfaces has a more desirable tribological performance, and decrease friction coefficient, therefore increase wear resistance.","PeriodicalId":13841,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies","volume":"132 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91083355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies have been conducted on improving engine performance, reducing environmental pollution caused by vehicles, and using alternative fuels. In the study, tests are carried out in a laboratory environment to check whether the engine has reached the intended use. Testing of internal combustion engines is crucial to research and teaching, trade and environmental pollution. Depending on the purpose of the test, the type and duration of vehicle tests will vary. Automobile manufacturing companies and research units will conduct a series of scientific and long-term tests in the vehicle development process. Thanks to engine and vehicle tests under different operating conditions, the measured values such as economy, power, moment, emission are compared with performance curves. In this study, biodiesel was obtained from crude camelina sativa oil using the transesterification method. Camelina sativa biodiesel was mixed with Eurodiesel at the rate of 7% (B7), 20% (B20) and 50% (B50). Vehicle performance measurements of biodiesel-Eurodiesel blends were made on a vehicle with four-stroke, four-cylinder, Common-rail fuel system, turbocharged and water-cooled engine using a chassis dynamometer. Vehicle performance and exhaust emissions were measured at different speeds during the vehicle chassis dynamometer test. While the highest moment value was obtained at 80 km/h in B7 fuel, the maximum engine power was obtained in B7 fuel at 160 km/h. Average engine power and maximum engine torque of B100 fuel decreased by 3,28% and 10,21% compared to Eurodiesel fuel. As the rate of biodiesel increased, specific fuel consumption increased. The highest specific fuel consumption was obtained with 91,6 g/kWh in B100 fuel at 160 km/h. The average specific fuel consumption of B100 fuel increased 38,5% compared to Eurodiesel fuel. When we look at the results of exhaust emission measurements, it is seen that camelina sativa biodiesel and fuel mixture decreased CO, CO2 and HC values compared to Eurodiesel fuel, but increased NOx values.
{"title":"Investigation of the effects of camelina sativa biodiesel and eurodiesel blends on vehicle performance and emissions","authors":"Muhammed Mahmut Yildiz, A. Özçelik","doi":"10.18245/IJAET.858795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18245/IJAET.858795","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have been conducted on improving engine performance, reducing environmental pollution caused by vehicles, and using alternative fuels. In the study, tests are carried out in a laboratory environment to check whether the engine has reached the intended use. Testing of internal combustion engines is crucial to research and teaching, trade and environmental pollution. Depending on the purpose of the test, the type and duration of vehicle tests will vary. Automobile manufacturing companies and research units will conduct a series of scientific and long-term tests in the vehicle development process. Thanks to engine and vehicle tests under different operating conditions, the measured values such as economy, power, moment, emission are compared with performance curves. In this study, biodiesel was obtained from crude camelina sativa oil using the transesterification method. Camelina sativa biodiesel was mixed with Eurodiesel at the rate of 7% (B7), 20% (B20) and 50% (B50). Vehicle performance measurements of biodiesel-Eurodiesel blends were made on a vehicle with four-stroke, four-cylinder, Common-rail fuel system, turbocharged and water-cooled engine using a chassis dynamometer. Vehicle performance and exhaust emissions were measured at different speeds during the vehicle chassis dynamometer test. While the highest moment value was obtained at 80 km/h in B7 fuel, the maximum engine power was obtained in B7 fuel at 160 km/h. Average engine power and maximum engine torque of B100 fuel decreased by 3,28% and 10,21% compared to Eurodiesel fuel. As the rate of biodiesel increased, specific fuel consumption increased. The highest specific fuel consumption was obtained with 91,6 g/kWh in B100 fuel at 160 km/h. The average specific fuel consumption of B100 fuel increased 38,5% compared to Eurodiesel fuel. When we look at the results of exhaust emission measurements, it is seen that camelina sativa biodiesel and fuel mixture decreased CO, CO2 and HC values compared to Eurodiesel fuel, but increased NOx values.","PeriodicalId":13841,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74618484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chandrashekhar Vishwanadha, Abdullah Özdemir, B. Zafer
For the automotive industry, acoustic comfort is of increasing importance. Customer expectations and strong competition in the market play an important role to accelerate vehicle development activities. Although the primary function of HVAC (Heating ventilation and Air-conditioning) is thermal comfort of the occupant during ride; acoustic comfort is also important when it comes to customer satisfaction resulting in overall experience of the vehicle. Hence, prediction of cabin interior noise in the early design stage plays an important role in designing a superior quality product. In this paper, cabin interior noise levels generated by HVAC systems are predicted by using computational 1-D (one dimensional) analysis. 3-D (three dimensional) CAD geometry is designed using SOLIDWORKS and 1-D analysis is done on GT-Suite. Main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how 1-D simulation can be an aid for a duct designer by predicting the NVH characteristic of HVAC Ducts and continuing the research to shorten the product development timelines.
{"title":"Prediction of automotive HVAC duct acoustic properties via innovative simulation techniques","authors":"Chandrashekhar Vishwanadha, Abdullah Özdemir, B. Zafer","doi":"10.18245/IJAET.758142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18245/IJAET.758142","url":null,"abstract":"For the automotive industry, acoustic comfort is of increasing importance. Customer expectations and strong competition in the market play an important role to accelerate vehicle development activities. Although the primary function of HVAC (Heating ventilation and Air-conditioning) is thermal comfort of the occupant during ride; acoustic comfort is also important when it comes to customer satisfaction resulting in overall experience of the vehicle. Hence, prediction of cabin interior noise in the early design stage plays an important role in designing a superior quality product. In this paper, cabin interior noise levels generated by HVAC systems are predicted by using computational 1-D (one dimensional) analysis. 3-D (three dimensional) CAD geometry is designed using SOLIDWORKS and 1-D analysis is done on GT-Suite. Main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how 1-D simulation can be an aid for a duct designer by predicting the NVH characteristic of HVAC Ducts and continuing the research to shorten the product development timelines.","PeriodicalId":13841,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies","volume":"231 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89051637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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