Wesley France, J. Norsworthy, T. Roberts, J. Ross, T. Barber, E. Gbur
Off-target movement of dicamba has been blamed for damaging millions of hectares of soybean in the United States since registration of the herbicide for use in dicamba-resistant cotton and soybean. Understanding the effect of a low dose of dicamba on non-dicamba-resistant soybean across multiple cultivars, growth stages, and planting dates could help producers better understand the implication of current management practices on yield loss from dicamba in fields where non-dicamba-resistant soybean are grown. A field experiment was conducted in 2019 in Fayetteville and Stuttgart, Arkansas, to evaluate the impact of planting date on response of soybean to a low dose of dicamba. The hypothesis of the planting date experiment was that soybean injury and yield loss will differ depending on planting date and dicamba application timing. Additionally, an experiment was conducted in 2018 and 2019 in Fayetteville to assess whether cultivars differ in sensitivity to dicamba. The hypothesis of the cultivar experiment was that genetic differences of soybean cultivars will allow for differential tolerance to dicamba. In the cultivar experiment, “Eagle DrewSoy” was identified as having enhanced tolerance to dicamba based on reduced injury (47% at R1 and 26% at V3) over both experimental years and locations. Soybean height in this experiment was affected only by application timing. In the planting date experiment, planting after mid-June resulted in reduced yields from dicamba injury. Dicamba exposure reduced yield at the July planting date (61% reduction from nontreated) more severely when compared to dicamba-treated plots of other planting dates (94% average relative yield among other planting dates), indicating that the negative effects of dicamba are increasingly deleterious for soybean planted later in the growing season. Maximum injury manifestation was generally delayed at later planting dates, indicating that dicamba may have been metabolized more slowly.
{"title":"Effect of Cultivar and Planting Date on Soybean Response to Dicamba","authors":"Wesley France, J. Norsworthy, T. Roberts, J. Ross, T. Barber, E. Gbur","doi":"10.1155/2022/9479650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9479650","url":null,"abstract":"Off-target movement of dicamba has been blamed for damaging millions of hectares of soybean in the United States since registration of the herbicide for use in dicamba-resistant cotton and soybean. Understanding the effect of a low dose of dicamba on non-dicamba-resistant soybean across multiple cultivars, growth stages, and planting dates could help producers better understand the implication of current management practices on yield loss from dicamba in fields where non-dicamba-resistant soybean are grown. A field experiment was conducted in 2019 in Fayetteville and Stuttgart, Arkansas, to evaluate the impact of planting date on response of soybean to a low dose of dicamba. The hypothesis of the planting date experiment was that soybean injury and yield loss will differ depending on planting date and dicamba application timing. Additionally, an experiment was conducted in 2018 and 2019 in Fayetteville to assess whether cultivars differ in sensitivity to dicamba. The hypothesis of the cultivar experiment was that genetic differences of soybean cultivars will allow for differential tolerance to dicamba. In the cultivar experiment, “Eagle DrewSoy” was identified as having enhanced tolerance to dicamba based on reduced injury (47% at R1 and 26% at V3) over both experimental years and locations. Soybean height in this experiment was affected only by application timing. In the planting date experiment, planting after mid-June resulted in reduced yields from dicamba injury. Dicamba exposure reduced yield at the July planting date (61% reduction from nontreated) more severely when compared to dicamba-treated plots of other planting dates (94% average relative yield among other planting dates), indicating that the negative effects of dicamba are increasingly deleterious for soybean planted later in the growing season. Maximum injury manifestation was generally delayed at later planting dates, indicating that dicamba may have been metabolized more slowly.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48552007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wesley France, J. Norsworthy, T. Roberts, J. Ross, T. Barber, E. Gbur
With the release of the dicamba-resistant crop technology and subsequent increase in dicamba off-target movement to non-dicamba-resistant crops, discovering means of mitigating yield loss through studying dicamba injury to soybean and interactions with factors such as irrigation regime and fertilization would prove beneficial. Field experiments were conducted in 2019 in Fayetteville and Colt, Arkansas, to evaluate the effect of irrigation regime to non-dicamba-resistant soybean that was injured by dicamba at a low dose at multiple timings. Another experiment was conducted in Fayetteville in 2019 and 2020 evaluating the impact of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilization on soybean recovery following injury by dicamba at multiple reproductive stages. Visible injury in both experiments was affected by application timing. Soybean yield components were impacted by dicamba applications within the irrigation regime experiment, and yields were decreased by dicamba applications; however, soybean yield was higher from branches than from the mainstem in dicamba-treated compared to nontreated plants. In the fertilization experiment, soybean treated with a low dose of dicamba that received N fertilization tended to have reduced biomass compared to treatments receiving no fertilizer or K alone, with greatest biomass reduction tending to occur among treatments receiving both N and K. Total grain yield was not affected by either irrigation regime or fertilization. While an increase in yield due to neither irrigation nor fertilization was observed, these results may help improve understanding of the effect of low-dose dicamba on soybean and aid producers making management decisions.
{"title":"Effect of Irrigation Regime and Fertilization on Recovery of Dicamba Injured Soybean","authors":"Wesley France, J. Norsworthy, T. Roberts, J. Ross, T. Barber, E. Gbur","doi":"10.1155/2022/6589317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6589317","url":null,"abstract":"With the release of the dicamba-resistant crop technology and subsequent increase in dicamba off-target movement to non-dicamba-resistant crops, discovering means of mitigating yield loss through studying dicamba injury to soybean and interactions with factors such as irrigation regime and fertilization would prove beneficial. Field experiments were conducted in 2019 in Fayetteville and Colt, Arkansas, to evaluate the effect of irrigation regime to non-dicamba-resistant soybean that was injured by dicamba at a low dose at multiple timings. Another experiment was conducted in Fayetteville in 2019 and 2020 evaluating the impact of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilization on soybean recovery following injury by dicamba at multiple reproductive stages. Visible injury in both experiments was affected by application timing. Soybean yield components were impacted by dicamba applications within the irrigation regime experiment, and yields were decreased by dicamba applications; however, soybean yield was higher from branches than from the mainstem in dicamba-treated compared to nontreated plants. In the fertilization experiment, soybean treated with a low dose of dicamba that received N fertilization tended to have reduced biomass compared to treatments receiving no fertilizer or K alone, with greatest biomass reduction tending to occur among treatments receiving both N and K. Total grain yield was not affected by either irrigation regime or fertilization. While an increase in yield due to neither irrigation nor fertilization was observed, these results may help improve understanding of the effect of low-dose dicamba on soybean and aid producers making management decisions.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46163885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Field bindweed is the major weed problem for tef producers across the central highlands of Ethiopia. Herbicide application alone or coupled with once or twice hand weeding for field bindweed control is difficult due to its biological features, labor-intensive, and time-consuming. The field trial was carried out at Debre Zeit from 2020 to 2021 cropping seasons to investigate different postemergence herbicides against the grass and broadleaf weeds, in general, and field bindweed in particular, in tef farming, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. As a result, we could see that the herbicide combination had no visible effect on durum wheat’s overall performance, which makes us recommend it for the control of field bindweed. In the sequential application, a wide spectrum of herbicides (Musket Power OD 460, Pallas 45 OD, and Sekator OD 375) were applied at tillering stage, and other selective herbicides (Derby 175 SC and 2,4-diamine salt 720 g/L 720 g/L) were applied at the heading stage, and the last nonselective herbicide (Roundup) was applied at physiological maturity of tef when the Convolvulus arvensis was regrowth naturally/latecomer weed. All postemergency herbicide treatments reduced significantly both broadleaf and grass weeds, in general, and C. arvensis infestation, in particular, when compared to the weedy control. Of these, Musket Power OD 460 at tillering stage integrated with 2,4-diamine salt 720 g/L at the heading stage was more effective than other herbicides for eliminating all weeds and C. arvensis in particular throughout the crop life. This weed management option resulted in considerably enhanced weed control efficiency and weed killing potential, reduced weed dry biomass and yield loss, improved grain yield, and economic benefit with an acceptable marginal rate of return for tef growers.
田间旋花是埃塞俄比亚中部高地tef生产者面临的主要杂草问题。单用除草剂或配合一次或两次手除草，由于其生物学特性、劳动强度大、耗时长，在田间防治中存在一定难度。田间试验于2020 - 2021种植季在Debre Zeit进行，采用3个重复的随机完全区组设计，研究不同的出苗期除草剂对tef种植中的禾草和阔叶杂草，特别是田间花叶草的防治效果。结果表明，该除草剂组合对硬粒小麦的综合性能无明显影响，可推荐用于田间结花的防治。在序施过程中，分蘖期施用广谱除草剂(Musket Power OD 460、Pallas 45 OD和Sekator OD 375)，抽穗期施用选择性除草剂(Derby 175 SC和2,4-二胺盐720 g/L 720 g/L)，最后一种非选择性除草剂(Roundup)在旋花属自然再生/后生杂草的tef生理成熟期施用。与杂草对照相比，所有紧急后除草剂处理均显著减少了阔叶杂草和禾草杂草，特别是木蠹的侵染。其中，在分蘖期与抽穗期2,4-二胺盐720 g/L混用的Musket Power OD 460除草剂在整个作物生命周期内对所有杂草的清除效果都优于其他除草剂。这种杂草管理方案大大提高了杂草控制效率和杂草杀灭潜力，减少了杂草干生物量和产量损失，提高了粮食产量，并为玉米种植者带来了可接受的边际回报率。
{"title":"Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) Control in Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) through Various Herbicide Combinations","authors":"Gebrekidan Feleke, Dereje Chala, Bizuwork Tafes","doi":"10.1155/2022/4752030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4752030","url":null,"abstract":"Field bindweed is the major weed problem for tef producers across the central highlands of Ethiopia. Herbicide application alone or coupled with once or twice hand weeding for field bindweed control is difficult due to its biological features, labor-intensive, and time-consuming. The field trial was carried out at Debre Zeit from 2020 to 2021 cropping seasons to investigate different postemergence herbicides against the grass and broadleaf weeds, in general, and field bindweed in particular, in tef farming, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. As a result, we could see that the herbicide combination had no visible effect on durum wheat’s overall performance, which makes us recommend it for the control of field bindweed. In the sequential application, a wide spectrum of herbicides (Musket Power OD 460, Pallas 45 OD, and Sekator OD 375) were applied at tillering stage, and other selective herbicides (Derby 175 SC and 2,4-diamine salt 720 g/L 720 g/L) were applied at the heading stage, and the last nonselective herbicide (Roundup) was applied at physiological maturity of tef when the Convolvulus arvensis was regrowth naturally/latecomer weed. All postemergency herbicide treatments reduced significantly both broadleaf and grass weeds, in general, and C. arvensis infestation, in particular, when compared to the weedy control. Of these, Musket Power OD 460 at tillering stage integrated with 2,4-diamine salt 720 g/L at the heading stage was more effective than other herbicides for eliminating all weeds and C. arvensis in particular throughout the crop life. This weed management option resulted in considerably enhanced weed control efficiency and weed killing potential, reduced weed dry biomass and yield loss, improved grain yield, and economic benefit with an acceptable marginal rate of return for tef growers.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46767699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The production and productivity of malt barley are limited using disease-susceptible and low-yielding varieties. Study was focused on identifying and selecting the best performed and adapted malt barley variety/varieties for yield and yield-related traits. We evaluated six improved malt barley varieties using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study was conducted for 2 years (2019 and 2020 cropping season) at Lay Gayint district. The combined analysis showed highly significant differences ( P < 0.01 ) among varieties, years, and their interactions in all traits. The highest yield (31.54 qt·ha−1) was obtained from variety Holker. The correlation coefficient analysis showed a significant and very strong positive association of grain yield with number of effective tillers ( r = 0.953 ∗ ∗ ), spike length ( r = 0.973 ∗ ∗ ), and strong positive association with thousand seed weight ( r = 0.739 ∗ ∗ ) with a medium positive association with seed per spike ( 0.554 ∗ ∗ ). In principal component analysis, PC1 was dominated by traits that had a greater effect on yield. A variety of Holker could be recommended in the study areas and other similar agro-ecologies. Farmers lost a lot of quintals of yield by lack of new technologies, by addressing more adapted improved production technology increased average yield.
{"title":"Evaluation of Malt Barley (Hordeum distichon L.) Varieties for Yield and Agronomic Traits in South Gondar, Ethiopia","authors":"Tiringo Yilak Alemayehu, A. Momina","doi":"10.1155/2022/8447294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8447294","url":null,"abstract":"The production and productivity of malt barley are limited using disease-susceptible and low-yielding varieties. Study was focused on identifying and selecting the best performed and adapted malt barley variety/varieties for yield and yield-related traits. We evaluated six improved malt barley varieties using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study was conducted for 2 years (2019 and 2020 cropping season) at Lay Gayint district. The combined analysis showed highly significant differences (\u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.01\u0000 \u0000 ) among varieties, years, and their interactions in all traits. The highest yield (31.54 qt·ha−1) was obtained from variety Holker. The correlation coefficient analysis showed a significant and very strong positive association of grain yield with number of effective tillers (\u0000 \u0000 r\u0000 =\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 0.953\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ∗\u0000 ∗\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ), spike length (\u0000 \u0000 r\u0000 =\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 0.973\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ∗\u0000 ∗\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ), and strong positive association with thousand seed weight (\u0000 \u0000 r\u0000 =\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 0.739\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ∗\u0000 ∗\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ) with a medium positive association with seed per spike (\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 0.554\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ∗\u0000 ∗\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ). In principal component analysis, PC1 was dominated by traits that had a greater effect on yield. A variety of Holker could be recommended in the study areas and other similar agro-ecologies. Farmers lost a lot of quintals of yield by lack of new technologies, by addressing more adapted improved production technology increased average yield.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49107598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drought and high temperature are among the major factors limiting maize productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. An increase in temperature above 30°C reduces yield by 1% under optimal rain-fed conditions. Approaches that improve performance under drought and high temperatures are essential to sustain productivity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of improved maize varieties released for lowland areas and to select better-performing varieties to address climate-crosscutting issues. Eight lowland maize varieties at two locations for two years were tested by using a randomized complete block design during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences ( p < 0.05 ) between varieties for all the studied variables over years across locations. The interaction of locations with varieties was nonsignificant for grain yield, cob length, and cob number. The mean grain yield indicated that the variety Melkassa-6Q is a high yielder compared to others with 3284 kg grain yield per hectare. This variety had a 35% yield advantage over the check. The variety is, therefore, highly recommended in the study areas.
{"title":"Evaluation of Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties in Selected Lowland Areas of Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Tariku Simion Dojamo, Selamawit Markos Takiso, Melese Lema Tessema","doi":"10.1155/2022/9690792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9690792","url":null,"abstract":"Drought and high temperature are among the major factors limiting maize productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. An increase in temperature above 30°C reduces yield by 1% under optimal rain-fed conditions. Approaches that improve performance under drought and high temperatures are essential to sustain productivity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of improved maize varieties released for lowland areas and to select better-performing varieties to address climate-crosscutting issues. Eight lowland maize varieties at two locations for two years were tested by using a randomized complete block design during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ) between varieties for all the studied variables over years across locations. The interaction of locations with varieties was nonsignificant for grain yield, cob length, and cob number. The mean grain yield indicated that the variety Melkassa-6Q is a high yielder compared to others with 3284 kg grain yield per hectare. This variety had a 35% yield advantage over the check. The variety is, therefore, highly recommended in the study areas.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42735066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melaku Fisseha Teferi, B. Tesfaye, Abraham Woldemichael, Adugna Debella
Field experiments were conducted at Adami Tulu, Ethiopia, for two successive dry seasons to investigate how nitrogen levels and deficit irrigation affect the yield and its related components, and the protein content of snap beans. The treatments were deficit irrigation with three levels (50, 75, and 100% ETc) and application of nitrogen with four levels (0, 46, 92, and 138 kg·N·ha−1), which were set up as split-plot arrangement, with irrigation being as the main plot and nitrogen levels as subplot, replicated thrice. Results showed that the pod yield had a substantial impact ( p < 0.01 ) on the interaction between the two factors; i.e., interaction of 100% ETc and 92 kg nitrogen levels per hectare recorded the highest pod yield (22.69 t·ha−1), but treatment combinations of 50% ETc and no nitrogen application produced the lowest amount of overall pod yield (6.922 tons per hectare). However, the results showed that the application of 75% ETc in combination with 92 kg nitrogen per hectare recorded the highest protein concentration (17.718%) but statistically equivalent to 138 kg nitrogen per hectare combined with the same deficit irrigation level, while the lowest protein concentration (12.24%) was recorded at 50 ETc combined with no fertilizer. Hence, the use of 75% ETc along with 92 kg nitrogen levels per hectare could be optimal in balancing quality and pod output of green beans at Adami Tulu and surrounding areas.
{"title":"Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Response to Deficit Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer and Relationships between Yield, Yield Component, and Protein Content","authors":"Melaku Fisseha Teferi, B. Tesfaye, Abraham Woldemichael, Adugna Debella","doi":"10.1155/2022/4148983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4148983","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted at Adami Tulu, Ethiopia, for two successive dry seasons to investigate how nitrogen levels and deficit irrigation affect the yield and its related components, and the protein content of snap beans. The treatments were deficit irrigation with three levels (50, 75, and 100% ETc) and application of nitrogen with four levels (0, 46, 92, and 138 kg·N·ha−1), which were set up as split-plot arrangement, with irrigation being as the main plot and nitrogen levels as subplot, replicated thrice. Results showed that the pod yield had a substantial impact (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.01\u0000 \u0000 ) on the interaction between the two factors; i.e., interaction of 100% ETc and 92 kg nitrogen levels per hectare recorded the highest pod yield (22.69 t·ha−1), but treatment combinations of 50% ETc and no nitrogen application produced the lowest amount of overall pod yield (6.922 tons per hectare). However, the results showed that the application of 75% ETc in combination with 92 kg nitrogen per hectare recorded the highest protein concentration (17.718%) but statistically equivalent to 138 kg nitrogen per hectare combined with the same deficit irrigation level, while the lowest protein concentration (12.24%) was recorded at 50 ETc combined with no fertilizer. Hence, the use of 75% ETc along with 92 kg nitrogen levels per hectare could be optimal in balancing quality and pod output of green beans at Adami Tulu and surrounding areas.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48047234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important tuber crop that is highly affected by poor soil fertility and nutrient disparities. Nutrient depletion due to intensive monocropping and poor soil management practices is a serious problem in Ethiopia, including in northwestern areas. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in the East Gojjam zone of northwestern Ethiopia to evaluate the influence of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer rates on potato tuber production. Three phosphorus levels (0, 34.5, and 69 kg/ha−1) and four potassium levels (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg/ha−1) were set out in a factorial arrangement and replicated three times using a randomized complete block design. Data on growth and quality parameters, as well as plant tissue analysis results, were collected. According to the results, the main effects of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer rates statistically affected growth components. The combined effects of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers had a significant influence on quality components (tuber size distribution). Similarly, the interaction effects of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer rates gave the highest response in all nutrient use efficiency parameters. The combined application of 34.5 kg P2O5 and 200 kg K2O fertilizers resulted in the highest medium (28.32 ton/ha−1) and large-sized (20.0 ton/ha−1) tuber yields. The interaction effect of 34.5 kg P2O5 with 100 kg K2O ha−1 yielded the highest agronomic and recovery efficiency values. Hence, a combination of 34.5 kg P2O5 ha−1 and 200 kg K2O ha−1 fertilizer rates can be recommended for the optimal production of potato in the northwestern area.
{"title":"Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Growth and Quality as Influenced by Inorganic Fertilizer Rates in Northwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Yohannes Gelaye, Melkamu Alemayehu, Dereje Ademe","doi":"10.1155/2022/9476021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9476021","url":null,"abstract":"Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important tuber crop that is highly affected by poor soil fertility and nutrient disparities. Nutrient depletion due to intensive monocropping and poor soil management practices is a serious problem in Ethiopia, including in northwestern areas. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in the East Gojjam zone of northwestern Ethiopia to evaluate the influence of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer rates on potato tuber production. Three phosphorus levels (0, 34.5, and 69 kg/ha−1) and four potassium levels (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg/ha−1) were set out in a factorial arrangement and replicated three times using a randomized complete block design. Data on growth and quality parameters, as well as plant tissue analysis results, were collected. According to the results, the main effects of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer rates statistically affected growth components. The combined effects of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers had a significant influence on quality components (tuber size distribution). Similarly, the interaction effects of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer rates gave the highest response in all nutrient use efficiency parameters. The combined application of 34.5 kg P2O5 and 200 kg K2O fertilizers resulted in the highest medium (28.32 ton/ha−1) and large-sized (20.0 ton/ha−1) tuber yields. The interaction effect of 34.5 kg P2O5 with 100 kg K2O ha−1 yielded the highest agronomic and recovery efficiency values. Hence, a combination of 34.5 kg P2O5 ha−1 and 200 kg K2O ha−1 fertilizer rates can be recommended for the optimal production of potato in the northwestern area.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47106550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zerihun B. Tufa, G. Diriba-Shiferaw, T. Balemi, Kassu Tadesse
Wheat productivity can be increased by applying nitrogen (N) in the form of chemical fertilizers. However, owning to the high prices, chemical fertilizers are unaffordable to resource-poor farmers in Ethiopia. The use of N-efficient cultivars rather makes an alternative option for sustainable wheat production. Six bread and six durum wheat cultivars were thus evaluated under low N (1 g·pot−1) and optimum N (5 g·pot−1) in six replications. The pot-based treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design in the lathe house at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center. Results showed that the number of effective tillers (NET), spike length (SL), total dry biomass yield (TBY), grain yield (GY), NDVI values, total N uptake (TNUP), N utilization efficiency (NUtE), N uptake efficiency (NUpE), N use efficiency (NUE), grain, and straw N uptakes were significantly influenced by wheat cultivars and N levels. Under low N, Hidase and Kingbird gave significantly higher GY, whereas Danda’a and Hidase gave significantly higher GY under optimum N. Under low N, Hidase, Kingbird, and Lemu were identified as the most N-efficient, while Ude, Landrace, and Utuba identified as N-inefficient based on multicriterion performance (GY, TBY, SL, NET, TNUP, NHI, NUpE, NUtE, and NUE). Under optimum N, Danda’a, Shorima, Hidase, and Lemu were identified as the most responsive, while Ude, Landrace, and Kingbird identified as nonresponsive to N application. In conclusion, Kingbird is recommended for low N input, while Danda’a and Shorima are recommended for N input intensive, and Hidase and Lemu are recommended for both low and high N input intensive wheat production.
{"title":"Improved Bread and Durum Wheat Cultivars Showed Contrasting Performances in N-Efficiency and N-Responsiveness","authors":"Zerihun B. Tufa, G. Diriba-Shiferaw, T. Balemi, Kassu Tadesse","doi":"10.1155/2022/4906239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4906239","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat productivity can be increased by applying nitrogen (N) in the form of chemical fertilizers. However, owning to the high prices, chemical fertilizers are unaffordable to resource-poor farmers in Ethiopia. The use of N-efficient cultivars rather makes an alternative option for sustainable wheat production. Six bread and six durum wheat cultivars were thus evaluated under low N (1 g·pot−1) and optimum N (5 g·pot−1) in six replications. The pot-based treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design in the lathe house at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center. Results showed that the number of effective tillers (NET), spike length (SL), total dry biomass yield (TBY), grain yield (GY), NDVI values, total N uptake (TNUP), N utilization efficiency (NUtE), N uptake efficiency (NUpE), N use efficiency (NUE), grain, and straw N uptakes were significantly influenced by wheat cultivars and N levels. Under low N, Hidase and Kingbird gave significantly higher GY, whereas Danda’a and Hidase gave significantly higher GY under optimum N. Under low N, Hidase, Kingbird, and Lemu were identified as the most N-efficient, while Ude, Landrace, and Utuba identified as N-inefficient based on multicriterion performance (GY, TBY, SL, NET, TNUP, NHI, NUpE, NUtE, and NUE). Under optimum N, Danda’a, Shorima, Hidase, and Lemu were identified as the most responsive, while Ude, Landrace, and Kingbird identified as nonresponsive to N application. In conclusion, Kingbird is recommended for low N input, while Danda’a and Shorima are recommended for N input intensive, and Hidase and Lemu are recommended for both low and high N input intensive wheat production.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46641312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sahur, A. Yassi, E. Syam'un, F. Ulfa, A. Bahrun, F. Djufry, N. Widiayani
The present study was initiated to determine whether isolates from soil and roots of paddy plants can affect the paddy plant’s growth and productivity. The study was conducted to answer the question, “Can paddy rice be grown when the NPK doze is reduced?” This study aims to apply the methanotroph bacteria on the growth and production of lowland rice. The research field was carried out in the rice fields of Amparita Village, TelluLimpoe District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, South Sulawesi. This research was conducted from June to September 2020. The plants were arranged in a split plot Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), the main plot, namely, the NPK fertilizer dosage treatment (P) with 4 treatments, namely, without NPK fertilizer, 75 g/plot, 150 g/plot, and 360 g/plot. The subplots were methanotroph bacteria application with 4 treatments, namely: without bacteria, 106 CFU per ml of methanotroph, 107 CFU per ml of methanotroph, and 108 CFU per ml of methanotroph. The results showed that there was an interaction between the NPK fertilizer and methanotrophic bacteria. The best results were obtained on the combination of 360 g per plot of NPK fertilizer and methanotrophic bacteria with 106 CFU per ml on the observation of plant height (111.17 cm), and the combination of NPK fertilizer 0 g per plot and methanotrophic bacteria with 0 CFU per ml on the observation of fresh weight of grain was the highest (70.44 g), whereas the combination of NPK fertilizer treatment 360 g/plot and bacteria methanotroph 0 CFU per ml on the observation of dry weight of grain was 43.89 g. NPK fertilizer 360 g/plot and bacteria methanotroph 106 CFU per ml at an observation weight of 100 grains was the highest number (3.53 g).
{"title":"Effect of Methanotroph Bacteria Isolated from Paddy Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.) on Growth and Yield Components of Rice","authors":"A. Sahur, A. Yassi, E. Syam'un, F. Ulfa, A. Bahrun, F. Djufry, N. Widiayani","doi":"10.1155/2022/9639326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9639326","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was initiated to determine whether isolates from soil and roots of paddy plants can affect the paddy plant’s growth and productivity. The study was conducted to answer the question, “Can paddy rice be grown when the NPK doze is reduced?” This study aims to apply the methanotroph bacteria on the growth and production of lowland rice. The research field was carried out in the rice fields of Amparita Village, TelluLimpoe District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, South Sulawesi. This research was conducted from June to September 2020. The plants were arranged in a split plot Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), the main plot, namely, the NPK fertilizer dosage treatment (P) with 4 treatments, namely, without NPK fertilizer, 75 g/plot, 150 g/plot, and 360 g/plot. The subplots were methanotroph bacteria application with 4 treatments, namely: without bacteria, 106 CFU per ml of methanotroph, 107 CFU per ml of methanotroph, and 108 CFU per ml of methanotroph. The results showed that there was an interaction between the NPK fertilizer and methanotrophic bacteria. The best results were obtained on the combination of 360 g per plot of NPK fertilizer and methanotrophic bacteria with 106 CFU per ml on the observation of plant height (111.17 cm), and the combination of NPK fertilizer 0 g per plot and methanotrophic bacteria with 0 CFU per ml on the observation of fresh weight of grain was the highest (70.44 g), whereas the combination of NPK fertilizer treatment 360 g/plot and bacteria methanotroph 0 CFU per ml on the observation of dry weight of grain was 43.89 g. NPK fertilizer 360 g/plot and bacteria methanotroph 106 CFU per ml at an observation weight of 100 grains was the highest number (3.53 g).","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43445767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mulisa Faji, Gezahagn Kebede, Fekede Feyissa, K. Mohammed, Gezahagn Mengistu
Storage duration and seed treatments before storage are important factors responsible for retaining seed longevity. Hence, germination of tagasaste seed in the laboratory or nursery has been difficult and problematic without seed treatment, and yet, there is no information about the tagasaste seed longevity after treatment. Thus, this research was carried out to investigate the longevity of tagasaste seed after seed treatment for optimum germination percentage. The tagasaste seed was collected from the field of Holetta Agricultural Research Centre and treated monthly from March 2016 through February 2017. The germination test for the treated seed was done in the month of March for three consecutive years (2017, 2018, and 2019). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The data were analyzed using the SAS software, and the least significant difference was employed for mean separation. The germination percentage was not significantly P > 0.05 different within the months of the first, second, and third years of storage durations. While, the germination percentage of the seed stored after treatment for one, two, and three years was nonsignificant P > 0.05 . Therefore, the treated seed of tagasaste can be stored under the ambient conditions of a tropical highland environment for about three years without significant loss in germination percentage. However, the study should be conducted for more years to know the effect of storage duration on seed viability of tagasaste after seed treatment.
{"title":"Seed Longevity of Tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis) after Seed Treatment Using Boiling Water as Affected by Storage Durations","authors":"Mulisa Faji, Gezahagn Kebede, Fekede Feyissa, K. Mohammed, Gezahagn Mengistu","doi":"10.1155/2022/1316022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1316022","url":null,"abstract":"Storage duration and seed treatments before storage are important factors responsible for retaining seed longevity. Hence, germination of tagasaste seed in the laboratory or nursery has been difficult and problematic without seed treatment, and yet, there is no information about the tagasaste seed longevity after treatment. Thus, this research was carried out to investigate the longevity of tagasaste seed after seed treatment for optimum germination percentage. The tagasaste seed was collected from the field of Holetta Agricultural Research Centre and treated monthly from March 2016 through February 2017. The germination test for the treated seed was done in the month of March for three consecutive years (2017, 2018, and 2019). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The data were analyzed using the SAS software, and the least significant difference was employed for mean separation. The germination percentage was not significantly \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 >\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 different within the months of the first, second, and third years of storage durations. While, the germination percentage of the seed stored after treatment for one, two, and three years was nonsignificant \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 >\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 . Therefore, the treated seed of tagasaste can be stored under the ambient conditions of a tropical highland environment for about three years without significant loss in germination percentage. However, the study should be conducted for more years to know the effect of storage duration on seed viability of tagasaste after seed treatment.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47397078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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