Yoiner K. Lapiz-Culqui, Jegnes Benjamín Meléndez-Mori, Gerardo Mállap-Detquizán, José Jesús Tejada-Alvarado, N. C. Vilca-Valqui, Eyner Huaman-Human, M. Oliva, M. Goñas
Lilies are one of the most important, beautiful, and economically valuable flowers in the world. Lilium is regarded as a popular floral trade cut flower, so viable protocols are needed to provide seed production, multiplication, and preservation. In vitro protocols allow for rapid large-scale production and rejuvenation of planting material, but to be a commercially viable multiplication method, the procedure must allow for rapid production of viable, true-to-type plants quickly. The objective was to evaluate the in vitro production of microbulbs of five lily varieties (Lilium “Champion Diamond,” Lilium “Yellow Diamond,” Lilium “Batavus,” Lilium “Hyde Park,” and Lilium sp.) using different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 1.5, and 2.0 mg L−1 BAP) and to determine the commercial quality (flowering) of the plants grown from the seed obtained. Results from the micropropagation phase show Lilium “Batavus” and Lilium “Hyde Park” varieties had better in vitro responses, especially when grown with 1.0 and 1.5 mg L−1 BAP, respectively. Plants (of all varieties) grown from microbulbs showed positive growth and generally resulted in commercially viable flower production. Finally, the results of this study support the use of bulb scales as an alternative for obtaining vegetative seeds with high potential for lily cultivation.
{"title":"In Vitro Bulbification of Five Lily Varieties: An Effective Method to Produce Quality Seeds and Flowers","authors":"Yoiner K. Lapiz-Culqui, Jegnes Benjamín Meléndez-Mori, Gerardo Mállap-Detquizán, José Jesús Tejada-Alvarado, N. C. Vilca-Valqui, Eyner Huaman-Human, M. Oliva, M. Goñas","doi":"10.1155/2022/8775989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8775989","url":null,"abstract":"Lilies are one of the most important, beautiful, and economically valuable flowers in the world. Lilium is regarded as a popular floral trade cut flower, so viable protocols are needed to provide seed production, multiplication, and preservation. In vitro protocols allow for rapid large-scale production and rejuvenation of planting material, but to be a commercially viable multiplication method, the procedure must allow for rapid production of viable, true-to-type plants quickly. The objective was to evaluate the in vitro production of microbulbs of five lily varieties (Lilium “Champion Diamond,” Lilium “Yellow Diamond,” Lilium “Batavus,” Lilium “Hyde Park,” and Lilium sp.) using different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 1.5, and 2.0 mg L−1 BAP) and to determine the commercial quality (flowering) of the plants grown from the seed obtained. Results from the micropropagation phase show Lilium “Batavus” and Lilium “Hyde Park” varieties had better in vitro responses, especially when grown with 1.0 and 1.5 mg L−1 BAP, respectively. Plants (of all varieties) grown from microbulbs showed positive growth and generally resulted in commercially viable flower production. Finally, the results of this study support the use of bulb scales as an alternative for obtaining vegetative seeds with high potential for lily cultivation.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46231408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Darghan, Enrique Quevedo García, Sergio Esteban Gamboa Muñoz, Carlos Armando Rivera Moreno
Morphometric analyses have great potential for application in fruit crops, especially in the construction of indices that can be linked to biophysical and/or biochemical quantities of a physiological nature. For example, in peaches, it is convenient to establish quality attributes for harvest or postharvest, where usually the sigmoidal or double sigmoidal models describe the growth of some indicators. The nonlinear nature of this and other associated models sometimes makes it difficult to construct approximate growth rates, so instantaneous rates are used instead. The calculation of approximate rates in nonlinear models may be inappropriate due to aspects related to the phrase known as the “average fallacy.” In this research, different classification algorithms are applied to select the approximately linear phase present in various nonlinear models of variables or parameters used in the modeling of the growth of a crop. A 3D line model was fitted in the extracted section using the decomposition of singular values to generate a simple form of the growth rate. The application was illustrated with growth data of the equatorial and longitudinal diameters of peach fruits measured on different days after defoliation, using data from different elevations above sea level. The proposal simplifies obtaining some growth rates using nonconventional methods; in addition, it allows the comparison and adjustment of the model for the different elevations considered, which provides a novel way for the teaching of certain areas of applied mathematics in plant physiology.
{"title":"Growth Rates of Morphometric Variables in Approximately Linear Sections Using Lines in R3","authors":"A. Darghan, Enrique Quevedo García, Sergio Esteban Gamboa Muñoz, Carlos Armando Rivera Moreno","doi":"10.1155/2022/8249268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8249268","url":null,"abstract":"Morphometric analyses have great potential for application in fruit crops, especially in the construction of indices that can be linked to biophysical and/or biochemical quantities of a physiological nature. For example, in peaches, it is convenient to establish quality attributes for harvest or postharvest, where usually the sigmoidal or double sigmoidal models describe the growth of some indicators. The nonlinear nature of this and other associated models sometimes makes it difficult to construct approximate growth rates, so instantaneous rates are used instead. The calculation of approximate rates in nonlinear models may be inappropriate due to aspects related to the phrase known as the “average fallacy.” In this research, different classification algorithms are applied to select the approximately linear phase present in various nonlinear models of variables or parameters used in the modeling of the growth of a crop. A 3D line model was fitted in the extracted section using the decomposition of singular values to generate a simple form of the growth rate. The application was illustrated with growth data of the equatorial and longitudinal diameters of peach fruits measured on different days after defoliation, using data from different elevations above sea level. The proposal simplifies obtaining some growth rates using nonconventional methods; in addition, it allows the comparison and adjustment of the model for the different elevations considered, which provides a novel way for the teaching of certain areas of applied mathematics in plant physiology.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48879490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To compare the responses of two open-pollinated tomato varieties to germination parameters and shoot growth, seeds of open-pollinated tomato varieties, Mersa and Tekeze-1 were given osmopriming treatments with potassium nitrate (KNO3) in a lab setting. A completely randomized design with four replications was used. The analysis of variance revealed that both tomato varieties responded differently to priming with potassium nitrate concentrations significantly ( P < 0.05 ) for almost all measured traits. Potassium nitrate treatments also affected final germination percent (G%) and mean daily germination percent significantly ( P < 0.05 ) and germination index (GI) and shoot length (SL) ( P < 0.001 ). However, KNO3 did not have a significant effect on time for 50% germination (T50) and mean germination time (MGT). Variety Mersa showed better performance in germination percent (G%) and SL than Tekeze-1; while Tekeze-1 had shorter days for MGT and reached T50 faster than the Mersa variety. Potassium concentrations at 0.5% and 1.5% showed better germination results than the control and at 1% KNO3. The interaction of the Mersa variety with KNO3 at 1.5% and 1% resulted in the highest SL, but the Tekeze-1 variety had the highest shoot length at 0.5% KNO3 concentration, indicating that the varieties have different responses to the applied KNO3 rate. This study confirmed the possibility of enhancing seed germination through externally applied priming agents such as KNO3. Despite being a preliminary finding, this study demonstrated that tomato cultivars differ in how they react to KNO3 priming, and more research, using other tomato varieties and priming agents, is needed.
{"title":"Potassium Nitrate Priming Effect on the Germination of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum. Mill) cvs. “Mersa” and “Tekeze-1”","authors":"Addisalem Mebratu","doi":"10.1155/2022/4970107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4970107","url":null,"abstract":"To compare the responses of two open-pollinated tomato varieties to germination parameters and shoot growth, seeds of open-pollinated tomato varieties, Mersa and Tekeze-1 were given osmopriming treatments with potassium nitrate (KNO3) in a lab setting. A completely randomized design with four replications was used. The analysis of variance revealed that both tomato varieties responded differently to priming with potassium nitrate concentrations significantly (\u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ) for almost all measured traits. Potassium nitrate treatments also affected final germination percent (G%) and mean daily germination percent significantly (\u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ) and germination index (GI) and shoot length (SL) (\u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.001\u0000 \u0000 ). However, KNO3 did not have a significant effect on time for 50% germination (T50) and mean germination time (MGT). Variety Mersa showed better performance in germination percent (G%) and SL than Tekeze-1; while Tekeze-1 had shorter days for MGT and reached T50 faster than the Mersa variety. Potassium concentrations at 0.5% and 1.5% showed better germination results than the control and at 1% KNO3. The interaction of the Mersa variety with KNO3 at 1.5% and 1% resulted in the highest SL, but the Tekeze-1 variety had the highest shoot length at 0.5% KNO3 concentration, indicating that the varieties have different responses to the applied KNO3 rate. This study confirmed the possibility of enhancing seed germination through externally applied priming agents such as KNO3. Despite being a preliminary finding, this study demonstrated that tomato cultivars differ in how they react to KNO3 priming, and more research, using other tomato varieties and priming agents, is needed.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43157088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Addis Alemayehu Tassew, Gezahegn Berecha Yadessa, Adugna Debela Bote, T. K. Obso
A comprehensive examination of the physical and cup quality of Kafa Biosphere Reserve coffees was essential to identify the inherent qualities of the coffees in connection with the area’s soil physical and chemical characteristics. As a result, preliminary coffee quality data was acquired from bean physical and cup quality examination of coffees derived through a three-stage nested design combining districts (Gimbo, Gawata, and Decha), coffee production systems (forest, semiforest, and garden), and coffee processing methods (wet, semiwet, and dry). Representative soil samples were collected according to the sampling structure and analyzed following the standard procedures. Multiple factor analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis were applied to the collected data. According to the results of multiple factor analysis, the Gimbo and Decha districts are not significantly different from each other in terms of coffee quality. However, they are substantially different from the Gawata district in terms of coffee quality. Similarly, within each district, there are no clear differences in coffee production systems. However, the production systems of districts varied significantly. The coffee processing method had a pronounced effect on the overall quality and preliminary grade, physical and raw quality variables of coffee. Screen retention (14) was correlated with soil iron, but it was related negatively to boron and sodium contents. A significant and positive relationship was observed between green coffee bean moisture content and soil potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, sodium, organic carbon, silicon content, and soil pH. A positive and significant relationship between soil molybdenum and the coffee quality variable was observed across the studied districts whereas most soil micronutrients, specifically, zinc, sulfur, and manganese, were significantly and negatively related to the organoleptic qualities of the coffees. Further investigation that includes the effects of elevation is recommended in future studies.
{"title":"The Coffee Processing Method Had a More Pronounced Effect than Location and Production Systems on the Overall Quality of Kaffa Biosphere Reserve Coffees","authors":"Addis Alemayehu Tassew, Gezahegn Berecha Yadessa, Adugna Debela Bote, T. K. Obso","doi":"10.1155/2022/9913578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9913578","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive examination of the physical and cup quality of Kafa Biosphere Reserve coffees was essential to identify the inherent qualities of the coffees in connection with the area’s soil physical and chemical characteristics. As a result, preliminary coffee quality data was acquired from bean physical and cup quality examination of coffees derived through a three-stage nested design combining districts (Gimbo, Gawata, and Decha), coffee production systems (forest, semiforest, and garden), and coffee processing methods (wet, semiwet, and dry). Representative soil samples were collected according to the sampling structure and analyzed following the standard procedures. Multiple factor analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis were applied to the collected data. According to the results of multiple factor analysis, the Gimbo and Decha districts are not significantly different from each other in terms of coffee quality. However, they are substantially different from the Gawata district in terms of coffee quality. Similarly, within each district, there are no clear differences in coffee production systems. However, the production systems of districts varied significantly. The coffee processing method had a pronounced effect on the overall quality and preliminary grade, physical and raw quality variables of coffee. Screen retention (14) was correlated with soil iron, but it was related negatively to boron and sodium contents. A significant and positive relationship was observed between green coffee bean moisture content and soil potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, sodium, organic carbon, silicon content, and soil pH. A positive and significant relationship between soil molybdenum and the coffee quality variable was observed across the studied districts whereas most soil micronutrients, specifically, zinc, sulfur, and manganese, were significantly and negatively related to the organoleptic qualities of the coffees. Further investigation that includes the effects of elevation is recommended in future studies.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45948475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial wilt induced by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most damaging and widespread diseases of tomatoes in the world. Biological control with rhizobacteria is one of the efficient components of integrated pest management methods used to control the disease and enhance production. To this end, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Bacillus isolate BDUA1, and Pseudomonas isolates BBDUA2 and BDUA3) isolated from the tomato rhizosphere were evaluated for their plant growth-promoting traits using standard methods, and selected isolates were also tested for their biocontrol efficacy on tomato bacterial wilt disease under greenhouse conditions. All isolates produced cellulase and lipase, and only BDUA1 and BDUA3 produced protease and amylase. Besides, BDUA1 and BDUA2 showed phosphate solubilization and production of indole-3-acetic acid, HCN, and siderophore, while BDUA3 solubilized phosphate and produced HCN and siderophore. Our results showed that BDUA1 and BDUA2 reduced bacterial wilt incidence on the Maya variety by 51.9% and 48.5%, respectively, and on the Melkesalsa variety by 51.8% and 48.5%, respectively. Treatment of the Melkesalsa variety with BDUA1 displayed the highest height (36.91 cm), followed by treatment with BDUA2 (31.74 cm) on the same variety. BDUA1 induced the highest effect on increasing the dry weight of shoots and roots by 4.16 g and 0.59 g in the Maya variety and in the Melkesalsa variety by 3.63 g and 0.48 g, respectively. Similarly, BDUA2 had the greatest effect on increasing the dry weight of shoots and roots by 3.8 g and 0.54 g of the Maya variety and on the Melkesalsa variety by 3.12 g and 0.41 g, respectively. The overall result showed that BDUA1 and BDUA2 could be used as promising plant growth promotion and biocontrol agents for the management of tomato bacterial wilt disease provided they were validated under field conditions.
{"title":"Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Biocontrol of Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum","authors":"H. Mekonnen, M. Kibret, F. Assefa","doi":"10.1155/2022/1489637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1489637","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial wilt induced by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most damaging and widespread diseases of tomatoes in the world. Biological control with rhizobacteria is one of the efficient components of integrated pest management methods used to control the disease and enhance production. To this end, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Bacillus isolate BDUA1, and Pseudomonas isolates BBDUA2 and BDUA3) isolated from the tomato rhizosphere were evaluated for their plant growth-promoting traits using standard methods, and selected isolates were also tested for their biocontrol efficacy on tomato bacterial wilt disease under greenhouse conditions. All isolates produced cellulase and lipase, and only BDUA1 and BDUA3 produced protease and amylase. Besides, BDUA1 and BDUA2 showed phosphate solubilization and production of indole-3-acetic acid, HCN, and siderophore, while BDUA3 solubilized phosphate and produced HCN and siderophore. Our results showed that BDUA1 and BDUA2 reduced bacterial wilt incidence on the Maya variety by 51.9% and 48.5%, respectively, and on the Melkesalsa variety by 51.8% and 48.5%, respectively. Treatment of the Melkesalsa variety with BDUA1 displayed the highest height (36.91 cm), followed by treatment with BDUA2 (31.74 cm) on the same variety. BDUA1 induced the highest effect on increasing the dry weight of shoots and roots by 4.16 g and 0.59 g in the Maya variety and in the Melkesalsa variety by 3.63 g and 0.48 g, respectively. Similarly, BDUA2 had the greatest effect on increasing the dry weight of shoots and roots by 3.8 g and 0.54 g of the Maya variety and on the Melkesalsa variety by 3.12 g and 0.41 g, respectively. The overall result showed that BDUA1 and BDUA2 could be used as promising plant growth promotion and biocontrol agents for the management of tomato bacterial wilt disease provided they were validated under field conditions.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42304976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Achmad Amzeri, Kaswan Badami, Amin Zuhri, Gita Pawana, S. Suhartono, Syaiful Khoiri, Ahmad Syaiful Umam, Yudi Asmoro, Siti Rohmatin, Halimatus Sa'diyah, B. Badriyah
Melon breeding is directed at improving the quality of the fruit needed to meet consumers’ demands. The assessment of hybrid melon candidates on important characteristics (vitamin A, vitamin C, and TSS) at five maturity stages is needed to get hybrid melon varieties with good fruit quality and determine the right harvest time. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic parameters of vitamin A, vitamin C, and TSS contents of D-612 × PK-669 and PK-361 × PK-165 crossings at five stages of maturity. The study used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with eight genotypes as treatment and three replications, so there were 24 experimental units. The eight melon genotypes were G1 = D-612 × PK-669, G2 = PK-669 × D-612, G3 = D-612, G4 = PK-669, G5 = PK-361 × PK-165, G6 = PK-165 × PK-361, G7 = PK-361, and G8 = PK-165. The content of vitamin A, vitamin C, and TSS was observed at five maturity stages, namely, at 55 DAP, 60 DAP, 65 DAP, 70 DAP, and 75 DAP. The right harvest time for the eight genotypes tested was maturity stage 4 (70 DAP) because it had the highest vitamin A, vitamin C, and TSS contents compared to other maturity stages. The inheritance of vitamin A and C content was not affected by the maternal effect, while TSS was influenced by the maternal effect. The vitamin A, vitamin C, and TSS content characteristics had higher phenotypic diversity coefficients than genetic diversity coefficients, while heritability values in the broad sense for the three melon genotypic characteristics ranged from 0.613 to 0.968. Crosses of PK-165 × PK-361 can be used to assemble hybrid melon varieties that have high vitamin A, vitamin C, and TSS contents because they have positive values for heterosis and heterobeltiosis for the three characteristics.
{"title":"Assessment of Genetic Parameters for Vitamin A, Vitamin C, and TSS Content Results in Melon Line Crosses at Five Maturity Stages","authors":"Achmad Amzeri, Kaswan Badami, Amin Zuhri, Gita Pawana, S. Suhartono, Syaiful Khoiri, Ahmad Syaiful Umam, Yudi Asmoro, Siti Rohmatin, Halimatus Sa'diyah, B. Badriyah","doi":"10.1155/2022/3661952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3661952","url":null,"abstract":"Melon breeding is directed at improving the quality of the fruit needed to meet consumers’ demands. The assessment of hybrid melon candidates on important characteristics (vitamin A, vitamin C, and TSS) at five maturity stages is needed to get hybrid melon varieties with good fruit quality and determine the right harvest time. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic parameters of vitamin A, vitamin C, and TSS contents of D-612 × PK-669 and PK-361 × PK-165 crossings at five stages of maturity. The study used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with eight genotypes as treatment and three replications, so there were 24 experimental units. The eight melon genotypes were G1 = D-612 × PK-669, G2 = PK-669 × D-612, G3 = D-612, G4 = PK-669, G5 = PK-361 × PK-165, G6 = PK-165 × PK-361, G7 = PK-361, and G8 = PK-165. The content of vitamin A, vitamin C, and TSS was observed at five maturity stages, namely, at 55 DAP, 60 DAP, 65 DAP, 70 DAP, and 75 DAP. The right harvest time for the eight genotypes tested was maturity stage 4 (70 DAP) because it had the highest vitamin A, vitamin C, and TSS contents compared to other maturity stages. The inheritance of vitamin A and C content was not affected by the maternal effect, while TSS was influenced by the maternal effect. The vitamin A, vitamin C, and TSS content characteristics had higher phenotypic diversity coefficients than genetic diversity coefficients, while heritability values in the broad sense for the three melon genotypic characteristics ranged from 0.613 to 0.968. Crosses of PK-165 × PK-361 can be used to assemble hybrid melon varieties that have high vitamin A, vitamin C, and TSS contents because they have positive values for heterosis and heterobeltiosis for the three characteristics.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42037067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil enzymes ensure our food security, yet they are vulnerable to abiotic stresses. Solving the global issues of food waste by amending the Sandwich compost can be a great solution to ensure food security. Food waste Sandwich compost substrate (as soil amendment) and leachate (as seed priming solution and liquid fertilizer) were used to grow Bok Choy for 4 growing cycles, where soil pH, cation exchangeable capacity, moisture content, aggregate stability, and enzyme activity were determined. The Sandwich compost substrate amendment increased soil pH close to neutral and CEC up to 1.5-fold. Anaerobic Sandwich compost substrate-amended soil reduced soil catalase activity. Still, it steadily increased during the growing cycle. The Sandwich compost substrate amendment soil sustained the aggregate stability for 4 growing cycles. On the flip side, aggregate stability without the Sandwich compost substrate amended soil declined from the growing cycle to the next growing cycle. All variables were positively correlated except catalase activity. Henceforward, Sandwich compost substrate is recommended to improve soil quality in the aspects of pH, CEC urease activity, and dehydrogenase activity.
{"title":"Enzymatic Activities of Bok Choy (Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis) Grown Soil with the Amendment of Sandwich Compost","authors":"Chooi-Lin Phooi, E. A. Azman, Roesnita Ismail","doi":"10.1155/2022/7311957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7311957","url":null,"abstract":"Soil enzymes ensure our food security, yet they are vulnerable to abiotic stresses. Solving the global issues of food waste by amending the Sandwich compost can be a great solution to ensure food security. Food waste Sandwich compost substrate (as soil amendment) and leachate (as seed priming solution and liquid fertilizer) were used to grow Bok Choy for 4 growing cycles, where soil pH, cation exchangeable capacity, moisture content, aggregate stability, and enzyme activity were determined. The Sandwich compost substrate amendment increased soil pH close to neutral and CEC up to 1.5-fold. Anaerobic Sandwich compost substrate-amended soil reduced soil catalase activity. Still, it steadily increased during the growing cycle. The Sandwich compost substrate amendment soil sustained the aggregate stability for 4 growing cycles. On the flip side, aggregate stability without the Sandwich compost substrate amended soil declined from the growing cycle to the next growing cycle. All variables were positively correlated except catalase activity. Henceforward, Sandwich compost substrate is recommended to improve soil quality in the aspects of pH, CEC urease activity, and dehydrogenase activity.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43580595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was planned to investigate the changes in morphological and biochemical parameters of in vitro-grown potato (cultivar Cardinal and Desiree) plants under osmotic stress conditions induced by various concentrations of sorbitol, mannitol (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.10, or 0.15 M), sucrose (0, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8%), and polyethylene glycol (PEG: MW-4000: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%). Nodal segments (ca. 1.0 cm) from healthy in vitro-grown potato plantlets were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog’s medium consisting of various levels of above mentioned drought stress-inducing agents. Data was recorded on 60th day of incubation exhibited a severe reduction in most of the growth parameters at 0.10 and 0.15 M of sorbitol and mannitol, respectively, and at 5–10% PEG. Similar results were observed when the sucrose level varied from 3% except for the number of roots and plant dry weight, which exhibited an increase in increasing the sucrose level. Data collected for total soluble protein content and activity of an antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase) unveiled an overall increasing trend in osmotically stressed potato plants suggesting their major action in detoxification of active oxygen species produced under osmotic stress. Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) increased significantly in both the cultivars of potato by using osmotic stress-inducing agent in the present investigation indicating their positive role in stress alleviation. Overall results indicated that potato cultivar Desiree was more stress-tolerant than the cultivar Cardinal.
{"title":"Improvement of Polyethylene Glycol, Sorbitol, Mannitol, and Sucrose-Induced Osmotic Stress Tolerance through Modulation of the Polyamines, Proteins, and Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Potato","authors":"Z. A. Sajid, F. Aftab","doi":"10.1155/2022/5158768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5158768","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was planned to investigate the changes in morphological and biochemical parameters of in vitro-grown potato (cultivar Cardinal and Desiree) plants under osmotic stress conditions induced by various concentrations of sorbitol, mannitol (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.10, or 0.15 M), sucrose (0, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8%), and polyethylene glycol (PEG: MW-4000: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%). Nodal segments (ca. 1.0 cm) from healthy in vitro-grown potato plantlets were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog’s medium consisting of various levels of above mentioned drought stress-inducing agents. Data was recorded on 60th day of incubation exhibited a severe reduction in most of the growth parameters at 0.10 and 0.15 M of sorbitol and mannitol, respectively, and at 5–10% PEG. Similar results were observed when the sucrose level varied from 3% except for the number of roots and plant dry weight, which exhibited an increase in increasing the sucrose level. Data collected for total soluble protein content and activity of an antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase) unveiled an overall increasing trend in osmotically stressed potato plants suggesting their major action in detoxification of active oxygen species produced under osmotic stress. Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) increased significantly in both the cultivars of potato by using osmotic stress-inducing agent in the present investigation indicating their positive role in stress alleviation. Overall results indicated that potato cultivar Desiree was more stress-tolerant than the cultivar Cardinal.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41409505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a need to optimize the modus operandi of fertilizer beneath farmers’ situations, mainly its application alongside organic resources. The study is aimed at investigating the effect of combined application of NPS blended fertilizer and cattle manure on growth, yield attributes, and yield of grain amaranth. The experiments were conducted in 2020 main cropping season in 3 localities, i.e., Guraferda, Menitgoldiya, and Menitshasha woredas in Southwest Ethiopia. The treatments were consisted of four NPS blended fertilizer levels (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg·ha−1) and four cattle manure series (0, 4, 8, and 12 t·ha−1). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement and was replicated 3 times. The effects revealed that the combined efficacy of NPS blended fertilizer and cattle manure significantly affected the days to flowering, days to physiological maturity, plant height, panicle length, number of panicles per plant, weight of thousand-grain, above-ground biomass yield, and grain yield. The highest amaranth grain yield of 1264.4 kg·ha−1 was recorded with 60 kg NPS fertilizer ha−1 and 12 t cattle manure ha−1 in combination followed by 60 kg NPS fertilizer ha−1 + 8 t cattle manure ha−1. The partial budget analysis indicated that the highest price 22759 ETB ha−1 was received from 60 kg·ha−1 NPS fertilizer and 12 t·ha−1 cattle manure. The results of this study indicated that application of 60 kg·NPS ha−1 in mixture with 12 t·ha−1 cattle manure is the best combination to achieve the maximum yield in the study areas. Therefore, in light of the significant response of amaranth to organic and inorganic fertilizer, further studies aimed at promoting integrated soil fertility management and formulation of fertilizer recommendation on yearly soil and plant test bases over locations will be useful.
有必要根据农民的情况优化肥料的操作方式，主要是将其与有机资源一起使用。本研究旨在研究NPS混合肥料和牛粪联合施用对籽粒苋生长、产量特性和产量的影响。实验于2020年主要种植季节在埃塞俄比亚西南部的Guraferda、Menitgoldiya和Menitssha woredas三个地区进行。处理包括四种NPS混合肥料水平（0、20、40和60 kg·ha−1）和四个牛粪系列（0、4、8和12 t·ha−1）。实验以析因安排的随机完全块设计（RCBD）进行，并重复3次。结果表明，NPS混合肥与牛粪的组合效应显著影响开花天数、生理成熟天数、株高、穗长、单株穗数、千粒重、地上生物量产量和粮食产量。最高籽粒产量为1264.4粒 kg·ha−1记录为60 kg NPS肥料ha−1和12 t牛粪ha−1组合，然后是60 kg NPS肥料ha−1 + 8. t牛粪ha−1。部分预算分析表明，从60 kg·ha−1 NPS化肥和12 t·ha−1牛粪。本研究结果表明，60 kg·NPS ha−1与12的混合物 t·ha−1牛粪是实现研究区最大产量的最佳组合。因此，鉴于苋对有机和无机肥料的显著反应，旨在促进土壤肥力综合管理的进一步研究以及在不同地点的年度土壤和植物试验基地制定肥料建议将是有益的。
{"title":"Integrated Use of Cattle Manure and NPS Fertilizer to Improve the Yield of Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) in Southwest Ethiopia","authors":"G. Mekonnen","doi":"10.1155/2022/4729373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4729373","url":null,"abstract":"There is a need to optimize the modus operandi of fertilizer beneath farmers’ situations, mainly its application alongside organic resources. The study is aimed at investigating the effect of combined application of NPS blended fertilizer and cattle manure on growth, yield attributes, and yield of grain amaranth. The experiments were conducted in 2020 main cropping season in 3 localities, i.e., Guraferda, Menitgoldiya, and Menitshasha woredas in Southwest Ethiopia. The treatments were consisted of four NPS blended fertilizer levels (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg·ha−1) and four cattle manure series (0, 4, 8, and 12 t·ha−1). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement and was replicated 3 times. The effects revealed that the combined efficacy of NPS blended fertilizer and cattle manure significantly affected the days to flowering, days to physiological maturity, plant height, panicle length, number of panicles per plant, weight of thousand-grain, above-ground biomass yield, and grain yield. The highest amaranth grain yield of 1264.4 kg·ha−1 was recorded with 60 kg NPS fertilizer ha−1 and 12 t cattle manure ha−1 in combination followed by 60 kg NPS fertilizer ha−1 + 8 t cattle manure ha−1. The partial budget analysis indicated that the highest price 22759 ETB ha−1 was received from 60 kg·ha−1 NPS fertilizer and 12 t·ha−1 cattle manure. The results of this study indicated that application of 60 kg·NPS ha−1 in mixture with 12 t·ha−1 cattle manure is the best combination to achieve the maximum yield in the study areas. Therefore, in light of the significant response of amaranth to organic and inorganic fertilizer, further studies aimed at promoting integrated soil fertility management and formulation of fertilizer recommendation on yearly soil and plant test bases over locations will be useful.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45118779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foliar application is a popular technique to supply mineral nutrients to crops. It also enhances nutrient use efficiencies, especially under limited soil fertility or restricted environmental conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of foliar application of phosphorus (P) with potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn) on the nutrient uptake, yield, and fruit quality of pomelo. The experiments were conducted between 2018 and 2021 in three different sites of alluvial soils, including four treatments, namely, control (without foliar fertilization), FF1 (containing P, K, and Mg), FF2 (P, K, Mg, and Zn), and FF3 (Zn). The results indicated that the P, K, and Mg concentrations in leaves and fruits were significantly enhanced after the spraying of solutions FF1 and FF2 compared with the control and FF3. The application of FF1 and FF2 greatly improved the fruit quality, and the fruit yield response was as high as 4.0-5.0 t ha−1. Foliar Zn application (FF3) increased the Zn concentration in leaves, but there was no improvement in fruit Zn content, fruit quality, and yield compared to the control treatment. The results indicate that FF1 or FF2 could be used as a sustainable fertilizer strategy for pomelo trees because of its ability to improve the leaf and fruit nutrient concentration and enhance the fruit quality and productivity of pomelo.
叶面施用是一种为作物提供矿物质营养的流行技术。它还提高了养分利用效率，特别是在土壤肥力有限或环境条件有限的情况下。本研究旨在评估叶面施用磷（P）、钾（K）、镁（Mg）和锌（Zn）对柚子养分吸收、产量和果实质量的影响。实验于2018年至2021年在三个不同的冲积土场地进行，包括四个处理，即对照（无叶面施肥）、FF1（含P、K和Mg）、FF2（P、K、Mg和Zn）和FF3（Zn）。结果表明，与对照和FF3相比，施用FF1和FF2溶液后，叶片和果实中的P、K和Mg浓度显著升高。施用FF1和FF2显著改善了果实品质，果实产量响应高达4.0-5.0 t 叶面施锌（FF3）增加了叶片中的锌浓度，但与对照处理相比，果实锌含量、果实质量和产量没有改善。结果表明，FF1或FF2可以作为柚子树的可持续施肥策略，因为它能够改善柚子的叶和果实营养浓度，提高柚子的果实质量和生产力。
{"title":"Effects of Foliar Fertilization on Nutrient Uptake, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Pomelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck) Grown in the Mekong Delta Soils","authors":"Le Van Dang, Ngo Phuong Ngoc, N. N. Hung","doi":"10.1155/2022/7903796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7903796","url":null,"abstract":"Foliar application is a popular technique to supply mineral nutrients to crops. It also enhances nutrient use efficiencies, especially under limited soil fertility or restricted environmental conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of foliar application of phosphorus (P) with potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn) on the nutrient uptake, yield, and fruit quality of pomelo. The experiments were conducted between 2018 and 2021 in three different sites of alluvial soils, including four treatments, namely, control (without foliar fertilization), FF1 (containing P, K, and Mg), FF2 (P, K, Mg, and Zn), and FF3 (Zn). The results indicated that the P, K, and Mg concentrations in leaves and fruits were significantly enhanced after the spraying of solutions FF1 and FF2 compared with the control and FF3. The application of FF1 and FF2 greatly improved the fruit quality, and the fruit yield response was as high as 4.0-5.0 t ha−1. Foliar Zn application (FF3) increased the Zn concentration in leaves, but there was no improvement in fruit Zn content, fruit quality, and yield compared to the control treatment. The results indicate that FF1 or FF2 could be used as a sustainable fertilizer strategy for pomelo trees because of its ability to improve the leaf and fruit nutrient concentration and enhance the fruit quality and productivity of pomelo.","PeriodicalId":13844,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agronomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49642609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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