Pub Date : 2023-10-28DOI: 10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p7
Mawaddh Maghrabi, Nawal Al-Ghamdi
Accordingly, the current study aimed to identify the relationship between twenty-first century skills and psychological quality of life among female students at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah. To achieve its purpose; It relied on the descriptive correlational approach, as the study was applied to a sample of (214) undergraduate students at King Abdulaziz University, and the measures of the twenty-first century skills and the quality of psychological life were prepared by the researcher, after verifying their psychometric characteristics, which came to a high degree. The study found the following results: There is a positive correlation, statistically significant, between the skills of the twenty-first century and the quality of psychological life among a sample of female students at King Abdulaziz University. The results concluded that the level of all twenty-first century skills (learning and creativity skills - digital culture skills - life and work skills) is available to female students at King Abdulaziz University at an advanced or high level. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in the degrees of twenty-first century skills among a sample of female students at King Abdul Aziz University, due to the effect of the specialization variable. There are also statistically significant differences in the scores of twenty-first century skills among a sample of female students at King Abdulaziz University due to the impact of the current general assessment variable, in favor of female students whose assessment is high. Also, there are no statistically significant differences in the degrees of the quality of psychological life among a sample of female students at King Abdulaziz University due to the effect of the variable of specialization. Finally, there are statistically significant differences in the degrees of psychological quality of life among a sample of female students at King Abdulaziz University, due to the effect of the current general assessment variable.
{"title":"Twenty-First Century Skills and Their Relationship to The Quality of Psychological Life Among a Sample of Students at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah","authors":"Mawaddh Maghrabi, Nawal Al-Ghamdi","doi":"10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p7","url":null,"abstract":"Accordingly, the current study aimed to identify the relationship between twenty-first century skills and psychological quality of life among female students at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah. To achieve its purpose; It relied on the descriptive correlational approach, as the study was applied to a sample of (214) undergraduate students at King Abdulaziz University, and the measures of the twenty-first century skills and the quality of psychological life were prepared by the researcher, after verifying their psychometric characteristics, which came to a high degree. The study found the following results: There is a positive correlation, statistically significant, between the skills of the twenty-first century and the quality of psychological life among a sample of female students at King Abdulaziz University. The results concluded that the level of all twenty-first century skills (learning and creativity skills - digital culture skills - life and work skills) is available to female students at King Abdulaziz University at an advanced or high level. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in the degrees of twenty-first century skills among a sample of female students at King Abdul Aziz University, due to the effect of the specialization variable. There are also statistically significant differences in the scores of twenty-first century skills among a sample of female students at King Abdulaziz University due to the impact of the current general assessment variable, in favor of female students whose assessment is high. Also, there are no statistically significant differences in the degrees of the quality of psychological life among a sample of female students at King Abdulaziz University due to the effect of the variable of specialization. Finally, there are statistically significant differences in the degrees of psychological quality of life among a sample of female students at King Abdulaziz University, due to the effect of the current general assessment variable.","PeriodicalId":13846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Scientific Research and Development","volume":"86 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136232721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p6
Wadima Al Dhaheri
What is not disputed is that language is the most prominent means of communication between different linguistic groups. Since all linguistic groups meet in the element of language, and among those languages is the Arabic language, which has a communicative system that makes it maintain an important place among the languages of the world, it is replete with its vocabulary that is truly capable of encompassing new and old meanings, and the Holy Qur’an has attested to this; By becoming aware of the vocabulary of the words of the Lord of the Worlds. Computational linguistics emerged as a result of the boom in computer science and artificial intelligence research that was primarily aimed at imitating and simulating the motor and mental processes practiced by advanced organisms such as humans. This ambiguity referred to has been termed in Arabic as ambiguity, and it is matched by the clear meaning that cannot be read beyond any interpretation, and it is the safest of ambiguity. This is what I present in this paper through investigation and understanding in this regard.
{"title":"Computerizing The Security of Ambiguity in Morphological Semantics","authors":"Wadima Al Dhaheri","doi":"10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p6","url":null,"abstract":"What is not disputed is that language is the most prominent means of communication between different linguistic groups. Since all linguistic groups meet in the element of language, and among those languages is the Arabic language, which has a communicative system that makes it maintain an important place among the languages of the world, it is replete with its vocabulary that is truly capable of encompassing new and old meanings, and the Holy Qur’an has attested to this; By becoming aware of the vocabulary of the words of the Lord of the Worlds. Computational linguistics emerged as a result of the boom in computer science and artificial intelligence research that was primarily aimed at imitating and simulating the motor and mental processes practiced by advanced organisms such as humans. This ambiguity referred to has been termed in Arabic as ambiguity, and it is matched by the clear meaning that cannot be read beyond any interpretation, and it is the safest of ambiguity. This is what I present in this paper through investigation and understanding in this regard.","PeriodicalId":13846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Scientific Research and Development","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p3
Soufiane Laachiri
This article reflects on an infinitely more revealing experience that has happened "out of space", repeating the fears and anxieties that usually occur when confronted with Verginia Wolf, but this time at Victoria Train Station in London, a historical place that increases chances of understanding stories and histories, within its spaces, an ‘unblushing’ controversy between the self and the other has been lit. As one of the five 'subalturns' in an aggressive decolonial confrontation with a French orientalist, representing an already established demagogic way of thinking that assumes monopoly of reason against presumably five 'lackeys' representing mystery, fantasy, margin, and mental stagnation, the most worthy occasion comes to understand Khalid Amine's philosophies, ideas and his epistemological preoccupations. In deed, Amine's central philosophy of " figurative identity" is full of limitless significance that logically explains the natural harmony amongst identities and cultures beyond the complexities of ethnic, cultural, and political differences. With Amine’s capacity of realising the real purposes of theatre, our capacity of binding the spaces and knitting the psychological borders go beyond the busyness of the theatrical scene at Victoria Station and the differences of the characters involved,thus concluding that ‘Furja’ ‘performance’ is that interaction between the self and the other that leads implicitly and explicitly to a continuity of ‘feedback-schleife’ to use Amin’s terms, thus constructing an everchanging identity able to comprehend the world and contribute to the diversity of human cultural wealth.
{"title":"Fugitive Identity in London’s Victoria Station When Khalid Amine Frames the Road to Seniority Through a Cross-cultural Performance","authors":"Soufiane Laachiri","doi":"10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p3","url":null,"abstract":"This article reflects on an infinitely more revealing experience that has happened \"out of space\", repeating the fears and anxieties that usually occur when confronted with Verginia Wolf, but this time at Victoria Train Station in London, a historical place that increases chances of understanding stories and histories, within its spaces, an ‘unblushing’ controversy between the self and the other has been lit. As one of the five 'subalturns' in an aggressive decolonial confrontation with a French orientalist, representing an already established demagogic way of thinking that assumes monopoly of reason against presumably five 'lackeys' representing mystery, fantasy, margin, and mental stagnation, the most worthy occasion comes to understand Khalid Amine's philosophies, ideas and his epistemological preoccupations. In deed, Amine's central philosophy of \" figurative identity\" is full of limitless significance that logically explains the natural harmony amongst identities and cultures beyond the complexities of ethnic, cultural, and political differences. With Amine’s capacity of realising the real purposes of theatre, our capacity of binding the spaces and knitting the psychological borders go beyond the busyness of the theatrical scene at Victoria Station and the differences of the characters involved,thus concluding that ‘Furja’ ‘performance’ is that interaction between the self and the other that leads implicitly and explicitly to a continuity of ‘feedback-schleife’ to use Amin’s terms, thus constructing an everchanging identity able to comprehend the world and contribute to the diversity of human cultural wealth.","PeriodicalId":13846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Scientific Research and Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p4
Abdulmuhsen Almutairi
The importance of the topic lies in knocking on the door of a few of its ways and trying to open its closures and explain its origins, and the danger of entering this door without knowledge, and in some of it is a fabrication against the Book of God that needs responses; The objectives of the research will be to clarify the foundations and rules governing this science, to differentiate between acceptable and rejected in this section and to explain their reasons, and to respond to those who opened this door wide. Synonymous and does it exist in the language and in the Qur'an? And if there is, is it necessary for synonyms to fully match the meaning? And if it does not mean a complete match, then how do you control the linguistic differences in the meanings of synonyms? The most important results came in a statement that synonymy is one of the linguistic phenomena of high importance and lofty rhetoric in the Arabic language. Where the meaning - in most cases - exceeds the meaning of other words, and the origin of words is that they are not synonymous, especially in the Holy Qur’an. Weakness prevails over what some contemporaries alone used in differentiating between the meanings of Quranic synonyms.
{"title":"The Difference in the Synonymous Meanings of the Holy Quran Between the Inhibitors and the Gallant","authors":"Abdulmuhsen Almutairi","doi":"10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p4","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of the topic lies in knocking on the door of a few of its ways and trying to open its closures and explain its origins, and the danger of entering this door without knowledge, and in some of it is a fabrication against the Book of God that needs responses; The objectives of the research will be to clarify the foundations and rules governing this science, to differentiate between acceptable and rejected in this section and to explain their reasons, and to respond to those who opened this door wide. Synonymous and does it exist in the language and in the Qur'an? And if there is, is it necessary for synonyms to fully match the meaning? And if it does not mean a complete match, then how do you control the linguistic differences in the meanings of synonyms? The most important results came in a statement that synonymy is one of the linguistic phenomena of high importance and lofty rhetoric in the Arabic language. Where the meaning - in most cases - exceeds the meaning of other words, and the origin of words is that they are not synonymous, especially in the Holy Qur’an. Weakness prevails over what some contemporaries alone used in differentiating between the meanings of Quranic synonyms.","PeriodicalId":13846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Scientific Research and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p5
Mohamed Mohsen, Moftah Hussain, Khalid Mustafa, Mohammed Mostafa
Biomedical optics has emerged as a dynamic field encompassing a range of optical devices and technologies, including light sources, lasers, sensors, optical fibers, and optical processing principles. Its impact on medical engineering and clinical applications has been profound, leading to advancements in laboratory practices, optical fibers, biosensing, imaging, radiation grading, absorption spectroscopy, and polarization sensing. This article examines the historical progression of biomedical optics, highlighting its contributions to medical imaging and diagnosis. It focuses particularly on computed tomography, fluorescence imaging, optical molecular imaging, spectroscopy, near-infrared tomography, and optical coherence techniques. Biomedical optics' development has transformed medical science by enabling non-invasive diagnosis, improving treatment planning, and enabling specific therapy. The positive outcomes of these advancements underscore the significance of biomedical optics in promoting progress in the field of medicine. The paper discusses optical technologies and their clinical implications, including spectroscopy, near-infrared tomography, optical coherence tomography, computed tomography, fluorescence imaging, and molecular imaging.
{"title":"Advancements in Optical Technologies for Medical Imaging and Diagnosis","authors":"Mohamed Mohsen, Moftah Hussain, Khalid Mustafa, Mohammed Mostafa","doi":"10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p5","url":null,"abstract":"Biomedical optics has emerged as a dynamic field encompassing a range of optical devices and technologies, including light sources, lasers, sensors, optical fibers, and optical processing principles. Its impact on medical engineering and clinical applications has been profound, leading to advancements in laboratory practices, optical fibers, biosensing, imaging, radiation grading, absorption spectroscopy, and polarization sensing. This article examines the historical progression of biomedical optics, highlighting its contributions to medical imaging and diagnosis. It focuses particularly on computed tomography, fluorescence imaging, optical molecular imaging, spectroscopy, near-infrared tomography, and optical coherence techniques. Biomedical optics' development has transformed medical science by enabling non-invasive diagnosis, improving treatment planning, and enabling specific therapy. The positive outcomes of these advancements underscore the significance of biomedical optics in promoting progress in the field of medicine. The paper discusses optical technologies and their clinical implications, including spectroscopy, near-infrared tomography, optical coherence tomography, computed tomography, fluorescence imaging, and molecular imaging.","PeriodicalId":13846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Scientific Research and Development","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p1
Mozah AlKaabi
This study aims to show the interpretive thought of the masters of rhetoric, especially when explaining the summary, based on their interpretive pauses for time in Qur’anic texts in particular and linguistic contexts in general regarding the adverbial situation such as expressing the future in the past and vice versa. The study also embodies a condensed rhetorical interpretive document par excellence, taken from The Bride of Weddings and Al-Mutawil and Al-Awal to explain Al-Khatib Al-Qazwini’s summary as a model in the chapter on attribution and restriction by condition, to embody a model of rhetorical thought towards linguistic structures, their timing, and the elaboration of their meanings. It also attempts to highlight the method used in interpretation based on an assumption and its rebuttal or starting from the conclusion to the premise or vice versa, due to what distinguished the masters of the commentators of summary in terms of organized logic and philosophical thought, for which their counterparts - the owners of the literary rhetorical school - have always held them accountable for the stagnation and backwardness of rhetoric. In this study, there is proof and response to what is common among specialists in the study of linguistics in the West, that the Semitic languages, including Arabic, lack the indication of time with their verbs. Arabic has only two verbs, either completed or unfinished - from their point of view - as it does not care about the forms of the three verbs and their branches. This study, even if it is not specialized in temporal actions, nevertheless talks about time in multiple forms to prove and support that the language was able to embody time with words such as forenoon, sunrise, dawn, early morning, and morning, despite the difficulty in distinguishing between these times in many cases. In other languages, except with sentences and structures, it is not natural for a people to reach a sense of time and then have their words devoid of indication of the feeling in various places.
本研究旨在展示修辞学大师在古兰经文本中对时间停顿的解释思想，特别是在解释摘要时的解释思想，以及在一般语言语境中对状语情况的解释思想，例如用过去来表示将来，反之则用过去来表示将来。本研究还以《婚礼的新娘》和《Al-Mutawil and Al-Awal》为例，精辟地阐释了Al-Khatib Al-Qazwini在归因和条件限制一章中的总结，作为一种范例，体现了一种对语言结构、时间和意义阐述的修辞思维模式。它还试图强调基于假设及其反驳或从结论到前提或反之亦然的解释方法，因为总结评论家的大师在组织逻辑和哲学思想方面表现出色，而他们的同行-文学修辞学派的所有者-一直认为他们对修辞的停滞和落后负责。在这项研究中，有证据和回应在西方语言学研究专家中普遍存在的问题，即闪族语言，包括阿拉伯语，在动词中缺乏时间指示。阿拉伯语只有两个动词，从他们的观点来看，要么是完成的，要么是未完成的，因为它不关心这三个动词及其分支的形式。这项研究，即使不是专门研究时间行为，也以多种形式讨论了时间，以证明和支持语言能够用诸如forenoon, sunrise, dawn, early morning和morning这样的词来体现时间，尽管在许多情况下很难区分这些时间。在其他语言中，除了句子和结构之外，一个民族达到时间感，然后在各个地方的语言中缺乏对这种感觉的指示，这是不自然的。
{"title":"Interpretation Levels in the Heritage of Rhetorical Thought","authors":"Mozah AlKaabi","doi":"10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p1","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to show the interpretive thought of the masters of rhetoric, especially when explaining the summary, based on their interpretive pauses for time in Qur’anic texts in particular and linguistic contexts in general regarding the adverbial situation such as expressing the future in the past and vice versa. The study also embodies a condensed rhetorical interpretive document par excellence, taken from The Bride of Weddings and Al-Mutawil and Al-Awal to explain Al-Khatib Al-Qazwini’s summary as a model in the chapter on attribution and restriction by condition, to embody a model of rhetorical thought towards linguistic structures, their timing, and the elaboration of their meanings. It also attempts to highlight the method used in interpretation based on an assumption and its rebuttal or starting from the conclusion to the premise or vice versa, due to what distinguished the masters of the commentators of summary in terms of organized logic and philosophical thought, for which their counterparts - the owners of the literary rhetorical school - have always held them accountable for the stagnation and backwardness of rhetoric. In this study, there is proof and response to what is common among specialists in the study of linguistics in the West, that the Semitic languages, including Arabic, lack the indication of time with their verbs. Arabic has only two verbs, either completed or unfinished - from their point of view - as it does not care about the forms of the three verbs and their branches. This study, even if it is not specialized in temporal actions, nevertheless talks about time in multiple forms to prove and support that the language was able to embody time with words such as forenoon, sunrise, dawn, early morning, and morning, despite the difficulty in distinguishing between these times in many cases. In other languages, except with sentences and structures, it is not natural for a people to reach a sense of time and then have their words devoid of indication of the feeling in various places.","PeriodicalId":13846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Scientific Research and Development","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135963112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p2
Heba Emam, Nabila Shehata, Hussein Mohamed, Sayed Ahmed
In this section, we will discuss how the creation of a waste science, it will be including the classification of waste clarification some of important Definitions. The scientific basis for waste management plus the current situation of waste management in Fayoum governance (infrastructure, equipment, workers) As an example of Egypt's existing waste management problem and try to find solutions. In addition, it sheds light on some Important applications to benefit from plastic waste to produce fuel. In recent years the burdens that waste puts on the environment have been widely publicised. To address the earth's dwindling resources and the growing mountains of waste many countries have introduced statutory waste minimization and recovery targets. The general public is generally more concerned with the effects that waste has on the environment. Whereas waste managers and planners need to consider the financial costs of collection, processing, and disposal.
{"title":"Introduction to the Wasteology and the Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Management System in Fayoum Governorate","authors":"Heba Emam, Nabila Shehata, Hussein Mohamed, Sayed Ahmed","doi":"10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n10p2","url":null,"abstract":"In this section, we will discuss how the creation of a waste science, it will be including the classification of waste clarification some of important Definitions. The scientific basis for waste management plus the current situation of waste management in Fayoum governance (infrastructure, equipment, workers) As an example of Egypt's existing waste management problem and try to find solutions. In addition, it sheds light on some Important applications to benefit from plastic waste to produce fuel. In recent years the burdens that waste puts on the environment have been widely publicised. To address the earth's dwindling resources and the growing mountains of waste many countries have introduced statutory waste minimization and recovery targets. The general public is generally more concerned with the effects that waste has on the environment. Whereas waste managers and planners need to consider the financial costs of collection, processing, and disposal.","PeriodicalId":13846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Scientific Research and Development","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135923627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n9p4
Sarah Attia
Introduction: Describing the US wars in Vietnam and Iraq, many critics assert the similarity between US decision making in both wars. The critics of U.S. administration often link between Iraq and Vietnam, charging George W. Bush and his policy makers that they had rejected the lessons of Vietnam War 1965–73 and involved the country in a similar kind of conflict. Purpose: This study aims to draw parallels between Iraq and Vietnam wars which mainly center on the role of misinformation and deception in the run-up to the two wars, the political and military problems that the United States confronted in each case, and the ebbing of public support in the face of two similarly draining conflicts. Study questions: The study raises many substantive questions concerning the two wars: How did America become involved in Vietnam? How did it launch war in Iraq? What were the main motivations in both wars? What were their main aims? Did the decision makers in George W. Bush’s administration learn the lessons of Vietnam or they repeated the same mistakes? Methodology/Approach: The study depends on the analytical and comparative approaches to analyze thoroughly how USA became involved in Vietnam and Iraq, its motivations, and its aims, trying to find satisfying answers to the questions it raised.
在描述美国在越南和伊拉克的战争时，许多评论家断言美国在这两场战争中的决策是相似的。美国政府的批评者经常把伊拉克和越南联系在一起，指责乔治·w·布什(George W. Bush)和他的决策者拒绝从1965年至1973年的越南战争中吸取教训，把美国卷入了一场类似的冲突。目的:本研究的目的是在伊拉克战争和越南战争之间建立相似之处，主要集中在两场战争的准备阶段的错误信息和欺骗的作用，美国在每种情况下面临的政治和军事问题，以及面对两场类似的消耗冲突时公众支持的消退。研究问题:该研究提出了许多关于这两场战争的实质性问题:美国是如何卷入越南战争的?它是如何发动伊拉克战争的?两场战争的主要动机是什么?他们的主要目的是什么?乔治•w•布什(George W. Bush)政府的决策者是吸取了越南战争的教训，还是重复了同样的错误?方法/方法:该研究依赖于分析和比较的方法来彻底分析美国是如何卷入越南和伊拉克的，它的动机，它的目的，试图找到令人满意的答案，它提出的问题。
{"title":"The Illogical Logics of America’s Wars in the Middle East: Vietnam and Iraq","authors":"Sarah Attia","doi":"10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n9p4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n9p4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Describing the US wars in Vietnam and Iraq, many critics assert the similarity between US decision making in both wars. The critics of U.S. administration often link between Iraq and Vietnam, charging George W. Bush and his policy makers that they had rejected the lessons of Vietnam War 1965–73 and involved the country in a similar kind of conflict. Purpose: This study aims to draw parallels between Iraq and Vietnam wars which mainly center on the role of misinformation and deception in the run-up to the two wars, the political and military problems that the United States confronted in each case, and the ebbing of public support in the face of two similarly draining conflicts. Study questions: The study raises many substantive questions concerning the two wars: How did America become involved in Vietnam? How did it launch war in Iraq? What were the main motivations in both wars? What were their main aims? Did the decision makers in George W. Bush’s administration learn the lessons of Vietnam or they repeated the same mistakes? Methodology/Approach: The study depends on the analytical and comparative approaches to analyze thoroughly how USA became involved in Vietnam and Iraq, its motivations, and its aims, trying to find satisfying answers to the questions it raised.","PeriodicalId":13846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Scientific Research and Development","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n9p8
Aleem Abdelrahim
The aim of the research is to identify the availability of ethical leadership dimensions (integrity-justice, role clarity, and ethical orientation). Taking the administrative staff at Najran University as a sample for the study. Where the research used the analytical and descriptive method, depending on the questionnaire as a tool for the study, and through the study method and its tools, the research reached a number of results, the most important of which are: The dimensions of moral leadership are available to the members of the academic leaders at Najran University from the point of view of the administrators working therein to a high degree, as the value of the general arithmetic mean for all dimensions was (3.9). That the most dimensions of ethical leadership are available to members of the academic leaders at the University of Najran from the point of view of the administrators working in it is the dimension of integrity, where the value of the arithmetic mean was (3.94), followed by the dimension of moral orientation, where the value of the arithmetic mean was(3.92), then after the clarification of the role in the third order, where the value of the arithmetic mean was (3.91), and the least dimensions available to the members of the academic leaders at Najran University from the point of view of the administrators working in it was the dimension of justice, where the value of the arithmetic mean was (3.84), The availability of a high degree of organizational loyalty among the administrative staff at the University of Najran from the point of view of the research sample, where the value of the general arithmetic mean was (4.03), which expresses a high degree, and the presence of a statistically significant effect of the level of moral leadership on the level of organizational loyalty among administrators working at the University Najran at level (0.01), as well as for all dimensions of moral leadership (integrity - justice - clarity of role - moral orientation). Which confirms the validity of the research hypotheses. In light of the results, the research recommends paying attention to spreading the concept and culture of ethical leadership in all institutions operating in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in general, and colleges and universities in particular, paying attention to providing an appropriate work environment for workers and providing all their needs in order to raise their morale and achieve the highest possible level of performance and increase their belonging and loyalty to a place their work.
{"title":"The Role of Ethical Leadership in Creating Organizational Loyalty among Employees: A Case Study of The Administrative Staff at Najran University","authors":"Aleem Abdelrahim","doi":"10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n9p8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n9p8","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research is to identify the availability of ethical leadership dimensions (integrity-justice, role clarity, and ethical orientation). Taking the administrative staff at Najran University as a sample for the study. Where the research used the analytical and descriptive method, depending on the questionnaire as a tool for the study, and through the study method and its tools, the research reached a number of results, the most important of which are: The dimensions of moral leadership are available to the members of the academic leaders at Najran University from the point of view of the administrators working therein to a high degree, as the value of the general arithmetic mean for all dimensions was (3.9). That the most dimensions of ethical leadership are available to members of the academic leaders at the University of Najran from the point of view of the administrators working in it is the dimension of integrity, where the value of the arithmetic mean was (3.94), followed by the dimension of moral orientation, where the value of the arithmetic mean was(3.92), then after the clarification of the role in the third order, where the value of the arithmetic mean was (3.91), and the least dimensions available to the members of the academic leaders at Najran University from the point of view of the administrators working in it was the dimension of justice, where the value of the arithmetic mean was (3.84), The availability of a high degree of organizational loyalty among the administrative staff at the University of Najran from the point of view of the research sample, where the value of the general arithmetic mean was (4.03), which expresses a high degree, and the presence of a statistically significant effect of the level of moral leadership on the level of organizational loyalty among administrators working at the University Najran at level (0.01), as well as for all dimensions of moral leadership (integrity - justice - clarity of role - moral orientation). Which confirms the validity of the research hypotheses. In light of the results, the research recommends paying attention to spreading the concept and culture of ethical leadership in all institutions operating in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in general, and colleges and universities in particular, paying attention to providing an appropriate work environment for workers and providing all their needs in order to raise their morale and achieve the highest possible level of performance and increase their belonging and loyalty to a place their work.","PeriodicalId":13846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Scientific Research and Development","volume":"218 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n9p2
Omar Abdalla, Ibrahim Ighneiwa
The cost of extracting conventional energy is increasing and conventional energy itself is becoming very scarce and research indicates an increase in pollution, and it also shows that the depletion of conventional energy sources is inevitable. All that means there is a dire need for an alternative type of energy, that is clean, easy to install and cost effective and that is Photovoltaic (PV) energy, which is available in abundance in the study area of research, in which unreliable conventional energy is used, is usually out of power for more than 12 hours a day and this shortage in power affects many sectors in the city, such as hospitals, schools, farms and basic facilities and even the refrigerators of the dead, whose bodies have been decomposed due to power shortage. This paper studies the power situation in the town area, on latitude (31.53) and longitude (23.54), and finds an alternative renewable energy source, namely PV, and designs a reliable PV system that would compensate for the usual conventional power shortage suffered by Tobruk City. Two load scenarios are considered, one is the required load in which only the essential electric devices are involved and the other is optional in which some extra electric households are added. It is believed that this power solution would not only guarantee the availability of power for the town area, but it also saves money in the long run and saves the environment since it is a clean that is easy to install and maintain.
{"title":"Compensation of Low Current by Photoelectric Methods","authors":"Omar Abdalla, Ibrahim Ighneiwa","doi":"10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n9p2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n9p2","url":null,"abstract":"The cost of extracting conventional energy is increasing and conventional energy itself is becoming very scarce and research indicates an increase in pollution, and it also shows that the depletion of conventional energy sources is inevitable. All that means there is a dire need for an alternative type of energy, that is clean, easy to install and cost effective and that is Photovoltaic (PV) energy, which is available in abundance in the study area of research, in which unreliable conventional energy is used, is usually out of power for more than 12 hours a day and this shortage in power affects many sectors in the city, such as hospitals, schools, farms and basic facilities and even the refrigerators of the dead, whose bodies have been decomposed due to power shortage. This paper studies the power situation in the town area, on latitude (31.53) and longitude (23.54), and finds an alternative renewable energy source, namely PV, and designs a reliable PV system that would compensate for the usual conventional power shortage suffered by Tobruk City. Two load scenarios are considered, one is the required load in which only the essential electric devices are involved and the other is optional in which some extra electric households are added. It is believed that this power solution would not only guarantee the availability of power for the town area, but it also saves money in the long run and saves the environment since it is a clean that is easy to install and maintain.","PeriodicalId":13846,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Scientific Research and Development","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135031715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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