Pub Date : 2019-11-29DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i330147
B. Kruthi, H. Raghunath, M. Hamsa
Background and Objectives: Overweight and obesity are not only the biggest problem among the middle-aged but also among children, teenagers and young adults. Early detection of the factors causing obesity, in turn, helps in the prevention of its complications. The objectives of the study were to assess the various lifestyle practices among medical students and to correlate the relationship between the nutritional status and biochemical parameters. Methods: A cross-sectional - study was conducted on MBBS students studying at Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Mandya, Karnataka, India. Self-administered questionnaires were given to the students followed by the recording of their anthropometric measurements. Nutritional status was assessed using the Body Mass Index (BMI). Fasting blood sample was collected from the student and analysed the biochemical parameters. Results: Out of 325 students, 48.9% were male students and 51.1% were female students. It was found that a higher percentage of female students (53%) was on a balanced diet as compared to male students (47.2%). The daily consumption of fruits and vegetables were less amongst students of both genders. Mean values of Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C) were higher among male students as compared to female students. Mean values of few biochemical parameters like FBS, TC, TG and LDL-C were higher amongst obese students along with a corresponding decrease in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C). Conclusion: Our study showed that unhealthy dietary and lifestyle practices were associated with increased levels of various biochemical parameters and it was more common amongst male students. Increased biochemical parameters like FBS, TC, TG and LDL-C with the corresponding decrease in HDL-C is an alarming sign for increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease among the younger age group.
{"title":"Assessment of Lifestyle Practices and Nutritional Status among Undergraduate Medical Students","authors":"B. Kruthi, H. Raghunath, M. Hamsa","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i330147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i330147","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Overweight and obesity are not only the biggest problem among the middle-aged but also among children, teenagers and young adults. Early detection of the factors causing obesity, in turn, helps in the prevention of its complications. The objectives of the study were to assess the various lifestyle practices among medical students and to correlate the relationship between the nutritional status and biochemical parameters. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional - study was conducted on MBBS students studying at Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Mandya, Karnataka, India. Self-administered questionnaires were given to the students followed by the recording of their anthropometric measurements. Nutritional status was assessed using the Body Mass Index (BMI). Fasting blood sample was collected from the student and analysed the biochemical parameters. \u0000Results: Out of 325 students, 48.9% were male students and 51.1% were female students. It was found that a higher percentage of female students (53%) was on a balanced diet as compared to male students (47.2%). The daily consumption of fruits and vegetables were less amongst students of both genders. Mean values of Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C) were higher among male students as compared to female students. Mean values of few biochemical parameters like FBS, TC, TG and LDL-C were higher amongst obese students along with a corresponding decrease in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C). \u0000Conclusion: Our study showed that unhealthy dietary and lifestyle practices were associated with increased levels of various biochemical parameters and it was more common amongst male students. Increased biochemical parameters like FBS, TC, TG and LDL-C with the corresponding decrease in HDL-C is an alarming sign for increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease among the younger age group.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"81 3 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77380186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-29DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i330146
D. Romaric, C. Olivier, F. Ibrahim, Biego Godi Henri Maruis
This study, initiated in Côte d'Ivoire, aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the triple bagging system associated or not with biopesticides on the conservation of biochemical parameters, in particular its nutritional potential according to a central composite design (CCD). It was carried in Côte d'Ivoire at Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Science from March 2016 to September 2017. Shelf life, biopesticides rate and interactions between shelf life and biopesticides had a significant influence on the biochemical characteristics of maize. The polypropylene bag (control) had the highest values after eighteen (18) months of moisture storage (9.02% to 16.99%) and showed very high fibre losses (P<0.001) (5.78% to 4.28%), total sugars (2.62% to 1.30%), reducing sugars (0.47% to 0.27%), starch (75.20% to 46.10%), fat (5.51% to 3.33%), protein (8.60% to 6.87%), total carbohydrate (75.20% to 71.51%), ash (1.68% to 1.30%) and energy value (384.78% to 343.48%). Concerning the triple bagging system without biopesticides, the variation is similar to the treatments that received the biopesticides up to 9.5 months of storage before presenting values almost similar to the control bag after the 18 months of storage. While triple bagging systems with the presence of biopesticides after 18 months of storage show slight variations in moisture (9.02% to 12.47%), fibre (5.78% to 5.56%), total sugars (2.62% to 1,88%), reducing sugars (0.47% to 0.37%), starch (75.20% to 60.03%), fat (5.51% to 5.00%), protein (8.60% to 7.84%), total carbohydrates (75.20% to 72.69%), ash (1.68% to 1.50%) and energy value (384.78% to 368.93%). The results of these tests show that maize grains stored in the presence of biopesticides best retain their biochemical characteristics. Also, the results indicate that the rate of 1.01% biopesticides could be recommended for maintaining all biochemical parameters up to 18 months of storage.
{"title":"Nutritive Parameters Evolution of Maize Seeds Conserved by Triple Bagging System and Biopesticides (Lippia multiflora and Hyptis suaveolens Leaves) in Cote d’Ivoire","authors":"D. Romaric, C. Olivier, F. Ibrahim, Biego Godi Henri Maruis","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i330146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i330146","url":null,"abstract":"This study, initiated in Côte d'Ivoire, aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the triple bagging system associated or not with biopesticides on the conservation of biochemical parameters, in particular its nutritional potential according to a central composite design (CCD). It was carried in Côte d'Ivoire at Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Science from March 2016 to September 2017. Shelf life, biopesticides rate and interactions between shelf life and biopesticides had a significant influence on the biochemical characteristics of maize. The polypropylene bag (control) had the highest values after eighteen (18) months of moisture storage (9.02% to 16.99%) and showed very high fibre losses (P<0.001) (5.78% to 4.28%), total sugars (2.62% to 1.30%), reducing sugars (0.47% to 0.27%), starch (75.20% to 46.10%), fat (5.51% to 3.33%), protein (8.60% to 6.87%), total carbohydrate (75.20% to 71.51%), ash (1.68% to 1.30%) and energy value (384.78% to 343.48%). Concerning the triple bagging system without biopesticides, the variation is similar to the treatments that received the biopesticides up to 9.5 months of storage before presenting values almost similar to the control bag after the 18 months of storage. While triple bagging systems with the presence of biopesticides after 18 months of storage show slight variations in moisture (9.02% to 12.47%), fibre (5.78% to 5.56%), total sugars (2.62% to 1,88%), reducing sugars (0.47% to 0.37%), starch (75.20% to 60.03%), fat (5.51% to 5.00%), protein (8.60% to 7.84%), total carbohydrates (75.20% to 72.69%), ash (1.68% to 1.50%) and energy value (384.78% to 368.93%). The results of these tests show that maize grains stored in the presence of biopesticides best retain their biochemical characteristics. Also, the results indicate that the rate of 1.01% biopesticides could be recommended for maintaining all biochemical parameters up to 18 months of storage.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74948833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-15DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i230140
A. Kondhalkar, K. More, S. Kumar
Introduction: Preterm birth (PTB) is a major determinant of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Preterm babies are prone to serious illness or death during the neonatal period. PTB is one of the unresolved problems in clinical obstetrics and one of the greatest threats to the developing fetus, there is need to determine predictive biomarker for preterm delivery. Therefore present study aimed to assess serum levels of ceruloplasmin and Alkaline phosphatase in preterm and full-term delivery. Materials and Methods: The present study includes total 80 subjects that comprise forty women presenting with preterm onset of labor followed by delivery and forty women who delivered at term served as controls. Blood Samples from the subjects were obtained for ceruloplasmin and Alkaline phosphatase estimation, when patient was in labor. Serum ceruloplasmin and alkaline phosphatase measured spectrophotometrically. Serum ceruloplasmin was estimated by Herbert A Ravin and Henry et al. method. Serum alkaline phosphatase was estimated by Kinetic p-NPP method. Results: Serum ceruloplasmin levels were significantly increased (P<0.001) in preterm delivery as compared to full term delivery. Alkaline phosphatase levels are significantly increased in preterm delivery (p<0.001) as compared to full term delivery. Conclusion: Our study showed that elevated levels of ceruloplasmin and alkaline phosphatase may be associated with preterm delivery in asymptomatic pregnant women. The elevated ALP may be due to mild chronic subclinical infection which may be responsible for preterm delivery. Ceruloplasmin is acute phase reactant, increased due to an antioxidant defence mechanism against oxidative stress.
前言:早产(PTB)是新生儿死亡率和发病率的主要决定因素。早产儿在新生儿期容易患重病或死亡。PTB是临床产科尚未解决的问题之一，也是对胎儿发育的最大威胁之一，需要确定预测早产的生物标志物。因此，本研究旨在评估早产儿和足月分娩时血清铜蓝蛋白和碱性磷酸酶的水平。材料和方法:本研究共包括80名受试者，其中包括40名早产后分娩的妇女和40名足月分娩的妇女作为对照。当患者在分娩时，采集受试者的血液样本进行铜蓝蛋白和碱性磷酸酶的测定。分光光度法测定血清铜蓝蛋白和碱性磷酸酶。采用Herbert A Ravin和Henry等人的方法测定血清铜蓝蛋白。采用Kinetic p-NPP法测定血清碱性磷酸酶。结果:与足月分娩相比，早产儿血清铜蓝蛋白水平显著升高(P<0.001)。与足月分娩相比，早产时碱性磷酸酶水平显著升高(p<0.001)。结论:我们的研究表明，铜蓝蛋白和碱性磷酸酶水平升高可能与无症状孕妇的早产有关。ALP升高可能是由于轻度慢性亚临床感染，这可能是早产的原因。铜蓝蛋白是急性期反应物，由于抗氧化防御机制而增加。
{"title":"Ceruloplasmin and Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Preterm Delivery","authors":"A. Kondhalkar, K. More, S. Kumar","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i230140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v28i230140","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Preterm birth (PTB) is a major determinant of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Preterm babies are prone to serious illness or death during the neonatal period. PTB is one of the unresolved problems in clinical obstetrics and one of the greatest threats to the developing fetus, there is need to determine predictive biomarker for preterm delivery. Therefore present study aimed to assess serum levels of ceruloplasmin and Alkaline phosphatase in preterm and full-term delivery. \u0000Materials and Methods: The present study includes total 80 subjects that comprise forty women presenting with preterm onset of labor followed by delivery and forty women who delivered at term served as controls. Blood Samples from the subjects were obtained for ceruloplasmin and Alkaline phosphatase estimation, when patient was in labor. Serum ceruloplasmin and alkaline phosphatase measured spectrophotometrically. Serum ceruloplasmin was estimated by Herbert A Ravin and Henry et al. method. Serum alkaline phosphatase was estimated by Kinetic p-NPP method. \u0000Results: Serum ceruloplasmin levels were significantly increased (P<0.001) in preterm delivery as compared to full term delivery. Alkaline phosphatase levels are significantly increased in preterm delivery (p<0.001) as compared to full term delivery. \u0000Conclusion: Our study showed that elevated levels of ceruloplasmin and alkaline phosphatase may be associated with preterm delivery in asymptomatic pregnant women. The elevated ALP may be due to mild chronic subclinical infection which may be responsible for preterm delivery. Ceruloplasmin is acute phase reactant, increased due to an antioxidant defence mechanism against oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84803749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-26DOI: 10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/41615
Sakshi Pipriya, Namrata Kundu, Udita Tiwari
{"title":"Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Silver Nanoparticles in Extracts of Acorus calamus and Agaricus bisporus","authors":"Sakshi Pipriya, Namrata Kundu, Udita Tiwari","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/41615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/41615","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74938741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-24DOI: 10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/41796
O. Orororo, S. Asagba, N. J. Tonukari, O. Okandeji, J. Mbanugo
{"title":"Cadmium-Induced Testicular Damage in Wistar Rats: Protective Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Anthocyanins","authors":"O. Orororo, S. Asagba, N. J. Tonukari, O. Okandeji, J. Mbanugo","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/41796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/41796","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74077947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-18DOI: 10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/41684
S. Mafulul, E. Joel, Larry A. Barde, Nankang G. Lepzem
Aim: To determine the effect of pretreatment with aqueous leaf extract of Vitex doniana on the cytotoxic response of the antioxidant defence systems in the liver and kidneys of rats exposed to a mild dose of cadmium. Materials and Methods: Sixteen Male Wistar strain rats (180-220 g b.wt) were divided into four groups: Group A served as the control and rats were exposed to and maintained on a normal rat diet and tap water throughout study. Group B was maintained on a normal rat diet and then exposed to a single daily oral dose of cadmium (3 mg CdCl2/kg) in drinking water for five days. Groups C were pretreated with 200 mg/kg Vitex doniana leaf extract for fifteen days and after that received a single daily oral dose of cadmium (3 mg CdCl2/kg) in drinking water for five days. Group D was exposed to only 200 mg/kg Vitex doniana leaf extract for fifteen days. At the end of the experiment membrane lipid peroxidation, glutathione contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and cadmium content were determined in the liver and kidney samples. Results: The results showed that pretreatment with aqueous leaf extract of Vitex doniana Original Research Article Mafulul et al.; IJBCRR, 21(4): 1-10, 2018; Article no.IJBCRR.41684 2 effectively countered Cd-induced membrane lipid peroxidation, depletion of the non-enzymic antioxidants, glutathione, and induction of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase in the liver and kidney as well as effectively reduced cadmium accumulation in the liver and kidney and cadmium-induced liver tissue cell injury. The protective effect of aqueous leaf extract of Vitex doniana against Cd-induced lipid peroxidation and tissue glutathione depletion was more pronounced in the kidney than in the liver. Conclusion: The aqueous leaf extract of Vitex doniana significantly reversed Cd-induced deleterious alterations in the liver and kidney tissue of the rats. The active antioxidant principle was not determined but is presumed to be polyphenols.
{"title":"Effect of Pretreatment with Aqueous Leaf Extract of Vitex doniana on Cadmium-Induced Toxicity to Rats","authors":"S. Mafulul, E. Joel, Larry A. Barde, Nankang G. Lepzem","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/41684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/41684","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the effect of pretreatment with aqueous leaf extract of Vitex doniana on the cytotoxic response of the antioxidant defence systems in the liver and kidneys of rats exposed to a mild dose of cadmium. Materials and Methods: Sixteen Male Wistar strain rats (180-220 g b.wt) were divided into four groups: Group A served as the control and rats were exposed to and maintained on a normal rat diet and tap water throughout study. Group B was maintained on a normal rat diet and then exposed to a single daily oral dose of cadmium (3 mg CdCl2/kg) in drinking water for five days. Groups C were pretreated with 200 mg/kg Vitex doniana leaf extract for fifteen days and after that received a single daily oral dose of cadmium (3 mg CdCl2/kg) in drinking water for five days. Group D was exposed to only 200 mg/kg Vitex doniana leaf extract for fifteen days. At the end of the experiment membrane lipid peroxidation, glutathione contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and cadmium content were determined in the liver and kidney samples. Results: The results showed that pretreatment with aqueous leaf extract of Vitex doniana Original Research Article Mafulul et al.; IJBCRR, 21(4): 1-10, 2018; Article no.IJBCRR.41684 2 effectively countered Cd-induced membrane lipid peroxidation, depletion of the non-enzymic antioxidants, glutathione, and induction of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase in the liver and kidney as well as effectively reduced cadmium accumulation in the liver and kidney and cadmium-induced liver tissue cell injury. The protective effect of aqueous leaf extract of Vitex doniana against Cd-induced lipid peroxidation and tissue glutathione depletion was more pronounced in the kidney than in the liver. Conclusion: The aqueous leaf extract of Vitex doniana significantly reversed Cd-induced deleterious alterations in the liver and kidney tissue of the rats. The active antioxidant principle was not determined but is presumed to be polyphenols.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77412633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-11DOI: 10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/41307
S. Magili, I. Bwatanglang
Confounding factors such as plant species, its location and other environmental associated chemistry were reported to influence the dynamics of phytochemicals from being beneficial health-wise to metabolites that facilitate toxic induced effects. This study investigated the oral sub-acute toxicity profile of the aqueous leaf extracts (ALE) of Jatropha gossypiifolia collected from Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Generalized loss of body weight, weaknesses, dizziness, loss of appetite and restlessness were observed in the acute toxicity study with more severe effects and mortality recorded in the groups exposed to higher doses of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight. In the subacute toxicity study, the ALE following the oral administration of 240 mg/kg, 450 mg/kg and 583 mg/kg for 28 days was observed to profoundly alter the normal architecture of the liver and the kidney. The pathological lesions were observed to have disrupted the normal concentration of the serum biomarkers. The ALT concentrations were found to increases to 10.28±1.26 U/L at 250 mg/kg, 9.38±0.57 U/L at 450 mg/kg and 9.31±0.77 U/L at 583 mg/kg respectively when compared to the control (5.86±0.34 U/L). The concentrations of AST were observed to increase to 49.07±16.2 U/L at 250 mg/kg, 47.10±15.42 U/L at 450 mg/kg and 53.07±10.32 U/L at 583 mg/kg respectively when compared to the control (46.11±9.21 U/L). The activity levels of ALP further shows an increase of 379.50±11.31 U/L at 250 mg/kg, 624.90±22.46 U/L at 450 mg/kg and 662.73±28.62 U/L at 583 mg/kg respectively when compared to the control (349.97±71.70 U/L). It is evident from this study that the ALE of the J. gossypiifolia species in addition to its health benefits also contains a cocktail of toxic phytochemicals. Thereby redefined the previous conclusions that the aqueous leaf extract of J. gossypiifolia plant is entirely safe. Thus, reinforcing the importance of the uses of indigenous/site-specific experiment, having in mind that some phytochemicals are sensitive to numbers of confounding factors.
{"title":"Toxicity Study of Aqueous Leaves Extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia from Nigerian in Albino Rats: Serum Biochemistry and Histopathological Evaluation","authors":"S. Magili, I. Bwatanglang","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/41307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/41307","url":null,"abstract":"Confounding factors such as plant species, its location and other environmental associated chemistry were reported to influence the dynamics of phytochemicals from being beneficial health-wise to metabolites that facilitate toxic induced effects. This study investigated the oral sub-acute toxicity profile of the aqueous leaf extracts (ALE) of Jatropha gossypiifolia collected from Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Generalized loss of body weight, weaknesses, dizziness, loss of appetite and restlessness were observed in the acute toxicity study with more severe effects and mortality recorded in the groups exposed to higher doses of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight. In the subacute toxicity study, the ALE following the oral administration of 240 mg/kg, 450 mg/kg and 583 mg/kg for 28 days was observed to profoundly alter the normal architecture of the liver and the kidney. The pathological lesions were observed to have disrupted the normal concentration of the serum biomarkers. The ALT concentrations were found to increases to 10.28±1.26 U/L at 250 mg/kg, 9.38±0.57 U/L at 450 mg/kg and 9.31±0.77 U/L at 583 mg/kg respectively when compared to the control (5.86±0.34 U/L). The concentrations of AST were observed to increase to 49.07±16.2 U/L at 250 mg/kg, 47.10±15.42 U/L at 450 mg/kg and 53.07±10.32 U/L at 583 mg/kg respectively when compared to the control (46.11±9.21 U/L). The activity levels of ALP further shows an increase of 379.50±11.31 U/L at 250 mg/kg, 624.90±22.46 U/L at 450 mg/kg and 662.73±28.62 U/L at 583 mg/kg respectively when compared to the control (349.97±71.70 U/L). It is evident from this study that the ALE of the J. gossypiifolia species in addition to its health benefits also contains a cocktail of toxic phytochemicals. Thereby redefined the previous conclusions that the aqueous leaf extract of J. gossypiifolia plant is entirely safe. Thus, reinforcing the importance of the uses of indigenous/site-specific experiment, having in mind that some phytochemicals are sensitive to numbers of confounding factors.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88896403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-03DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2018/35257
M. Oshiobugie, O. Adediran, E. Taiwo
Background: Stroke is the second most common cause of death and disability in developed Countries. Ischemic stroke is the most common, with an estimated incidence of approximately 80%. Studies have shown that dyslipidemia, including high levels of plasma or serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and low levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is a risk factor for the progression of atherosclerosis and the development of cardiovascular disease. Attempts are being made to include the use of lipoprotein ratios to optimize the predictive capacity of lipid profile in risk evaluation. Objective: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of hepatic lipase activity on lipid profiles and lipoprotein ratios in ischemic stroke patients. Methodology: Two hundred healthy and ischemic stroke subjects were recruited in the study after obtaining informed written consent. They were divided into six groups considering age classes. Group 1-3 were control subjects (n=100) and 4-6 were ischemic stroke subjects (n=100). Weight, height, hepatic lipase activity and plasma lipid profiles were measured and lipoprotein ratios calculated using Excel software. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad prism computer software version 5.00 and SPSS version 22 software programme. Results: Hepatic lipase activity in the stroke subjects was significantly (P<0.0001) lower than control subjects (P=0.0001, 20.21 ± 0.3706 µmol/h/ml vs 30.50 ± 0.3928 µmol/h/ml). The stroke subjects had significantly (P<0.05) higher SBP, DBP and BMI compared to the control. Abnormal plasma lipid parameters were obtained in the stroke subjects compared to the control subjects. The stroke subjects had significant (P<0.0001) elevated TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, Non- HDL-C, CRI-I, CRI-II, AC, TG/HDL-C and AIP as well as lower HDL-C and HDL-C/LDL-C. LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (0R=490488439.6, 95% CI=0.078 - 3.102E+18 P=0.000) is the major risk factor for the development of ischemic stroke . Conclusion: Hepatic lipase activities were lower while higher BP, BMI and dyslipidemia were obtained in the ischemic stroke subjects.
{"title":"Hepatic Lipase Influences Plasma Lipid Profiles and Lipoprotein Ratios in Regional Hospital Patients with Ischemic Stroke","authors":"M. Oshiobugie, O. Adediran, E. Taiwo","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2018/35257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2018/35257","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stroke is the second most common cause of death and disability in developed Countries. Ischemic stroke is the most common, with an estimated incidence of approximately 80%. Studies have shown that dyslipidemia, including high levels of plasma or serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and low levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is a risk factor for the progression of atherosclerosis and the development of cardiovascular disease. Attempts are being made to include the use of lipoprotein ratios to optimize the predictive capacity of lipid profile in risk evaluation. Objective: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of hepatic lipase activity on lipid profiles and lipoprotein ratios in ischemic stroke patients. Methodology: Two hundred healthy and ischemic stroke subjects were recruited in the study after obtaining informed written consent. They were divided into six groups considering age classes. Group 1-3 were control subjects (n=100) and 4-6 were ischemic stroke subjects (n=100). Weight, height, hepatic lipase activity and plasma lipid profiles were measured and lipoprotein ratios calculated using Excel software. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad prism computer software version 5.00 and SPSS version 22 software programme. Results: Hepatic lipase activity in the stroke subjects was significantly (P<0.0001) lower than control subjects (P=0.0001, 20.21 ± 0.3706 µmol/h/ml vs 30.50 ± 0.3928 µmol/h/ml). The stroke subjects had significantly (P<0.05) higher SBP, DBP and BMI compared to the control. Abnormal plasma lipid parameters were obtained in the stroke subjects compared to the control subjects. The stroke subjects had significant (P<0.0001) elevated TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, Non- HDL-C, CRI-I, CRI-II, AC, TG/HDL-C and AIP as well as lower HDL-C and HDL-C/LDL-C. LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (0R=490488439.6, 95% CI=0.078 - 3.102E+18 P=0.000) is the major risk factor for the development of ischemic stroke . Conclusion: Hepatic lipase activities were lower while higher BP, BMI and dyslipidemia were obtained in the ischemic stroke subjects.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"76 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86449396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-30DOI: 10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/40506
Tao Jing, Huilong Xie, Meng Chen
Aims: In order to investigate the tolerance of sunflower to aniline, we measured the photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities of sunflower in aniline wastewater. Study Design: The experiment was conducted with oil sunflower No. 4 (Helianthus annuus Linn) as the experimental material. After five weeks of culture in half strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution, seedlings with uniform growth status were selected for aniline stress treatment. The concentrations of aniline stress treatment were 0, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 mg/L, respectively. Each treatment has five replicates. Leaf photosynthetic parameters were measured at fifth and tenth day after treatment under natural environmental conditions. Place and Duration of Study: Place for the study was located at Shandong Agricultural University, Taian city, Shandong, China. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. Results: Five days after stress treatment, the net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance Original Research Article Jing et al.; IJBCRR, 21(3): 1-9, 2018; Article no.IJBCRR.40506 2 (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) of sunflower showed an upward trend at the lower concentration of aniline (≦100 mg/L) and turned to a downward trend at higher concentration of aniline (≥120 mg/L). However, ten days after stress treatment, Pn, Gs and Tr of sunflower of all concentrations decreased significantly (P=.05) as compared to the control. The photochemical quenching coefficient and effective quantum yield of PS II photochemistry decreased. At the end of the ten days experiment, with the increase of aniline concentration, the photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of sunflower showed a downward trend except for intercellular CO2 concentration. The data indicated that nonstomatal limitation was responsible for the reduction of Pn. When the aniline concentration reached 180 mg/L, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) reached the highest point, which was 3.49 times and 1.78 times higher than those of the control. Conclusion: The low concentration of aniline (<120 mg/L) could promote the normal growth of sunflower in a short time. However, when the stress duration reaches a certain level, aniline will have a significant toxic effect on sunflower, thereby severely affecting the normal growth of sunflower.
{"title":"The Response of Antioxidant Enzymes and Photosynthesis Dynamics of Sunflower Exposed to Aniline Wastewater","authors":"Tao Jing, Huilong Xie, Meng Chen","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/40506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/40506","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: In order to investigate the tolerance of sunflower to aniline, we measured the photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities of sunflower in aniline wastewater. Study Design: The experiment was conducted with oil sunflower No. 4 (Helianthus annuus Linn) as the experimental material. After five weeks of culture in half strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution, seedlings with uniform growth status were selected for aniline stress treatment. The concentrations of aniline stress treatment were 0, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 mg/L, respectively. Each treatment has five replicates. Leaf photosynthetic parameters were measured at fifth and tenth day after treatment under natural environmental conditions. Place and Duration of Study: Place for the study was located at Shandong Agricultural University, Taian city, Shandong, China. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. Results: Five days after stress treatment, the net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance Original Research Article Jing et al.; IJBCRR, 21(3): 1-9, 2018; Article no.IJBCRR.40506 2 (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) of sunflower showed an upward trend at the lower concentration of aniline (≦100 mg/L) and turned to a downward trend at higher concentration of aniline (≥120 mg/L). However, ten days after stress treatment, Pn, Gs and Tr of sunflower of all concentrations decreased significantly (P=.05) as compared to the control. The photochemical quenching coefficient and effective quantum yield of PS II photochemistry decreased. At the end of the ten days experiment, with the increase of aniline concentration, the photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of sunflower showed a downward trend except for intercellular CO2 concentration. The data indicated that nonstomatal limitation was responsible for the reduction of Pn. When the aniline concentration reached 180 mg/L, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) reached the highest point, which was 3.49 times and 1.78 times higher than those of the control. Conclusion: The low concentration of aniline (<120 mg/L) could promote the normal growth of sunflower in a short time. However, when the stress duration reaches a certain level, aniline will have a significant toxic effect on sunflower, thereby severely affecting the normal growth of sunflower.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76641153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-23DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2018/37304
S. Ijioma, E. Osim, A. Nwankwo, O. Nwosu, C. Umezurike, Nnaemeka Nwawuba
Background and Aim: Ajumbise is a polyherbal formulation used in Southeast Nigeria for enhancing labour, facilitating the expulsion of retained placenta, relieving menstrual and post-delivery pains and promoting involution of the uterus. In this study, the effect of the Polyherbal formulation on body weights, relative organ weights and liver and kidney histology was evaluated. Methods: Forty rats were divided into four groups of ten rats each and were assigned daily oral administration of the extract for 28 days. While group 1 served as the control, groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered increasing doses of the extract. At the end of treatment organs were collected for histological analysis respectively. Students’s t-test at 95% level of significance was used for statistical analysis. Results: Acute toxicity study result indicated zero mortality in all groups within the 24 hours of thestudy, even at a dose of 6000 mg/kg body weight. Body weight gain was significantly lowered in all treatment groups when compared with the control group (P<0.05). Relative liver weight did not significantly differ from that of the control except for the 800 mg/kg treated group where significant elevation was observed (P< 0.05). Relative kidney weights was significantly elevated in groups treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg (P<0.05). No significant histological changes were observed between treatment groups and control except for 800 mg/kg treated group where some inflammatory cells were observed masking the features of the portal triad. The arrangement of the hepatocytes, architecture of the portal triad comprising of the bile duct, hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery and central vein were essentially normal and had neither congestions nor necrosis. Histological presentations of the kidneys in all groups were normal and did not significantly differ from control. Conclusion: We therefore conclude that Ajumbise polyherbal may be safe at low to moderate doses and at such doses does not pose any threat to the liver and kidney cells.
{"title":"Relative Organ Weights and Histological Changes in Wistar Rats Treated with a South East Nigerian Polyherbal Formulation (Ajumbise)","authors":"S. Ijioma, E. Osim, A. Nwankwo, O. Nwosu, C. Umezurike, Nnaemeka Nwawuba","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2018/37304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2018/37304","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Ajumbise is a polyherbal formulation used in Southeast Nigeria for enhancing labour, facilitating the expulsion of retained placenta, relieving menstrual and post-delivery pains and promoting involution of the uterus. In this study, the effect of the Polyherbal formulation on body weights, relative organ weights and liver and kidney histology was evaluated. Methods: Forty rats were divided into four groups of ten rats each and were assigned daily oral administration of the extract for 28 days. While group 1 served as the control, groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered increasing doses of the extract. At the end of treatment organs were collected for histological analysis respectively. Students’s t-test at 95% level of significance was used for statistical analysis. Results: Acute toxicity study result indicated zero mortality in all groups within the 24 hours of thestudy, even at a dose of 6000 mg/kg body weight. Body weight gain was significantly lowered in all treatment groups when compared with the control group (P<0.05). Relative liver weight did not significantly differ from that of the control except for the 800 mg/kg treated group where significant elevation was observed (P< 0.05). Relative kidney weights was significantly elevated in groups treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg (P<0.05). No significant histological changes were observed between treatment groups and control except for 800 mg/kg treated group where some inflammatory cells were observed masking the features of the portal triad. The arrangement of the hepatocytes, architecture of the portal triad comprising of the bile duct, hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery and central vein were essentially normal and had neither congestions nor necrosis. Histological presentations of the kidneys in all groups were normal and did not significantly differ from control. Conclusion: We therefore conclude that Ajumbise polyherbal may be safe at low to moderate doses and at such doses does not pose any threat to the liver and kidney cells.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"143 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88806953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：