International Journal of Dentistry最新文献

Introduction: Orofacial clefts require multidisciplinary management and if not properly intervened can impair various functions and reduce the quality of life of the patient. Good knowledge about orofacial clefts is very important for health students to prepare for comprehensive case management. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge and awareness of Padjadjaran University health students regarding orofacial clefts.

Methods: This study used a cross-sectional method with a survey study, where the measuring instrument used was a questionnaire given online to undergraduate students of dentistry, medicine, midwifery, and nursing at Padjadjaran University with a total population of 2611 students. The sample was taken by stratified random sampling using the binomial proportion sample size formula with a minimum of 315 respondents from all study programs. The questionnaire was self-developed with 16 questions in the knowledge section and eight questions in the awareness section. This questionnaire underwent validity and reliability testing, with results exceeding the correlation coefficient value (0.361) and Cronbach's α (0.891). Data were analyzed by frequency distribution with categorization of knowledge and awareness levels, and the chi-square test with CI 95% and α = 0.05.

Results: Respondents were predominantly female (89.2%), aged 20-22 years (65.4%), and from urban areas (62.2%). The majority (52.7%) of students had good knowledge of orofacial clefts, with dental students showing the best knowledge. A total of 77.5% of respondents had good awareness, with dentistry's the highest (97.6%). Knowledge and awareness increased with age and level of study. Students who had attended orofacial clefts lectures showed better knowledge and awareness than those who had not.

Conclusion: The majority of health students had good knowledge and awareness of the orofacial clefts, increasing with semester and related course experience, with variation between courses showing differences in curriculum emphasis.

Objective: This randomized clinical trial (RCT) compares the effectiveness of ozone gel (GeliO3) and hyaluronic acid (HA) gel (Gengigel) in enhancing wound healing and reducing postoperative discomfort following free gingival graft (FGG) harvesting.

Methods: Fifty-six patients requiring FGG for mucogingival defects were randomly assigned into two groups: the ozone gel group and the HA gel group. The primary outcome was postoperative pain, assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and analgesic consumption. Secondary outcomes included wound healing, evaluated using the Landry healing index, and color match assessment. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results: Both treatment groups exhibited significant pain reduction over time (p < 0.001). Although there was no statistically significant difference between the groups, a faster decline in pain was observed in the ozone group by Day 3. Analgesic consumption was significantly lower in the ozone group on Days 2 and 3 (p = 0.042). The healing index and color match scores showed a steady improvement in both groups, with the ozone group demonstrating slightly higher values at various time points, though not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Both ozone gel and HA gel effectively enhanced post-FGG healing, reduced pain, and improved tissue esthetics. Ozone therapy showed potential advantages in early pain relief and lower analgesic dependence. These findings suggest that ozone therapy may serve as an alternative or adjunctive treatment for palatal wound management in periodontal surgery. Further research is needed to confirm its clinical superiority over HA gel.

Background and objectives: Knowledge about the effects of medications and supplements on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is imperative for orthodontists. This study aimed to assess the effects of acute and chronic stress and cannabinoid extract (CE; marijuana) injection on OTM in rats.

Materials and methods: In this animal experimental study, 220 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 22 subgroups (n = 10) in two main groups of acute and chronic stress. The rats in the acute group were evaluated over a 21-day period in the following 11 subgroups (1) no orthodontic treatment/no medication (2), orthodontic treatment/no medication (3), no orthodontic treatment/intraperitoneal CE injection (4), orthodontic treatment/CE injection (5), no orthodontic treatment/saline injection (6), orthodontic treatment/saline injection (7), no orthodontic treatment/no medication under stressful conditions (8), orthodontic treatment/no medication under stressful conditions (9), no orthodontic treatment/CE injection under stressful conditions (10), orthodontic treatment/CE injection under stressful conditions (11), no orthodontic treatment/saline injection under stressful conditions. The rats in the chronic group were studied over a 40-day period in the following 11 subgroups with the same subgroups of the acute group. All rats were then sacrificed, their maxilla was resected, and OTM, the mean number of blood vessels, osteoclasts, and Howship's lacunae, bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) ratio, and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed.

Results: OTM was significantly greater under chronic stress (0.23 ± 0.19 mm) than acute stress (0.21 ± 0.16 mm, p  < 0.001), and in rats receiving CE injection (0.29 ± 0.19 mm) compared with controls (0.20 ± 0.17 mm, p  < 0.001). The mean number of Howship's lacunae (10.74 ± 5.27 vs. 8.52 ± 6.31, p  < 0.001), osteoclasts (14.69 ± 7.53 vs. 11.06 ± 8.45, p  < 0.001), and blood vessels (12.45 ± 3.19 vs. 10.81 ± 2.69, p  < 0.001) were also significantly higher in stressed rats receiving CE. BV/TV and BMD were significantly lower in CE-treated stressed rats (BV/TV: 17.56% ± 2.20% vs. 27.79% ± 5.68%, p  < 0.001; BMD: 1.76 ± 0.39 vs. 2.54 ± 0.46 g/cm³, p  < 0.001) compared with controls. All parameters were further enhanced by orthodontic treatment.

Conclusion: Daily CE injection combined with acute and chronic stress significantly enhances OTM in rats, accompanied by increased osteoclastic activity, vascularization, and decreased bone density. Quantitative data and statistical significance provide robust evidence of these effects.

Aims: To evaluate marginal bone loss (MBL) around implants restored with platform-matched (PM) or platform-switched (PS) abutments after loading and to examine the influence of vertical soft tissue thickness (STT) and keratinized mucosa width (KMW) on MBL.

Materials and methods: In a split-mouth randomized controlled design of total 22 patients (44 implants), patients received one PM and one PS restoration in contralateral posterior mandibular sites. Standardized periapical radiographs were obtained immediately after restoration, at 3, 6, and 12 months to measure MBL. STT (thin, <2 mm vs thick, and ≥2 mm) and KMW (narrow, <2 mm vs wide, and ≥2 mm) were recorded. A linear multiple regression analysis was conducted with dependent variable (MBL) and independent variables (STT and KMW).

Results: MBL did not differ significantly between PM and PS across follow-up. In contrast, thin STT and narrow KMW were associated with greater bone loss over time. Multivariable analysis revealed that the soft tissue phenotype significantly influenced MBL, whereas the abutment design showed no significant effect (β = -0.43 for STT and β = -0.36 for KMW).

Conclusion: Establishing a STT and KMW of ≥2 mm may be beneficial for bone preservation around implants, although further long-term studies are needed for clinical practice.

Objective: The study aimed to assess occlusal force in patients with posterior crossbite using a dynamometer. Additionally, the discrepancies in force between the crossbite side and the opposite side of the arches were evaluated.

Methods: The occlusal force of 52 patients with posterior crossbite was measured and compared with that of 52 patients with normal occlusion. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to compare the force of each side. Because the data had a non-normal distribution, to compare the total occlusal force of the two groups, the Mann-Whitney test was performed. Finally, to compare the force between the two sides, using a symmetry index determined by the difference in force between the sides, the Mann-Whitney test was used.

Results: In the group of patients with crossbite, the crossbite side showed greater occlusal force than the opposite side. The total occlusal force was lower in the crossbite group than in the control group.

Conclusions: In patients with posterior crossbite, an alteration in occlusal force, characterised by a higher value on the crossbite side than on the opposite side, was observed. In addition, these patients showed lower total occlusal force compared to the control group.

Background: The temporomandibular disorder (TMD) treatment modalities range from noninvasive to surgical treatments. Diathermy is one of the noninvasive medical treatment options in which controlled high-frequency energy is applied to generate heat in body tissues to treat osteoarthritis and muscle pain. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorder (DC-TMD) Questionnaire based results of diathermy stimulation rehabilitation in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problems with no internal dislocation of the disc.

Methods: The DC-TMD questionnaire documents were uploaded to a special question evaluation software, and 47 questions (grouped in 8 categories) were automatically chosen to assess TMD-related pain, jaw mobility, and quality-of-life impact. All the patients received diathermy stimulations that were scheduled once a week for 5 weeks (T0: 1st diathermy simulation, T1: 2nd session, T2: 3rd session, T3: 4th session, Tf: 5th session). Pre and post-treatment results from 47 questions were collected at each session, and outcomes were assessed among them, using T0 as a baseline to evaluate improvements.

Results: 10 patients (8 women and 2 men) aged between 22 and 50 years were included. There was a tendency for improvement for each category, and mean scores decreased over time. However, no significant difference was found in overtime for any category except the Mandibular Functional Limitation Scale (LM), which showed significant improvement, and patients reported fewer limitations.

Conclusions: The outcomes obtained cannot be considered total recovery from problems, but according to the results, diathermy applications can be regarded as beneficial for improving TMJ-related disorders, which can increase the quality of life (QoL) of such patients.

Introduction: Periodontitis is a host-mediated inflammation associated with microbial dysbiosis which can result in loss or periodontal attachment. This is a common oral health complication in patients with kidney failure. Haemodialysis (HD) is the primary treatment modality for kidney failure. Given the increasing prevalence of kidney failure and periodontitis, understanding their associations and implications is crucial.

Objective: This scoping review explores the relationship between periodontitis and HD and examines the impact of periodontal health on clinical outcomes and oral health quality of life (QoL) in patients undergoing HD.

Methods: The review followed The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Scoping Review Methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews((PRISMA-ScR). Medline, Embase, Scopus, and grey literature were searched for peer-reviewed English-language articles up to December 2023. Data were summarised using thematic analysis.

Results: Eighty-one articles were included, with most studies conducted in Europe and Asia. The prevalence of periodontitis in HD patients ranged from 36.27% to 99.06%. Findings highlighted associations between periodontitis and increased risks of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome, and other systemic illnesses.

Conclusion: Periodontitis is highly prevalent in patients on HD and associated with adverse systemic and oral health outcomes. Limitation in current evidence are heterogeneity in case definitions and lack of longitudinal studies to provide causal inference. The review recommends standardised diagnostic criteria and longitudinal studies to guide integrated care approaches.

Aim: This review evaluates the latest studies on the effectiveness of growth factor concentrates and bone grafts (BGs) in maxillary sinus lift (MSL) procedures, emphasizing their role in bone regeneration and healing. The aim is to determine their impact on enhancing clinical outcomes by improving bone quality and accelerating the healing process.

Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases. The following keywords were employed: "PRP," "L-PRF," "CGF," "oral surgery," and "sinus lift," combined with the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR." A total of 727 studies were initially identified, of which 18 met the inclusion criteria for this review.

Results: The included studies demonstrate that the use of growth factors in conjunction with alloplastic and xenogeneic BGs significantly promotes early vascularization and has potent proangiogenic effects in vivo. Furthermore, these combinations reduce postoperative inflammation and discomfort, accelerating the healing process and enhancing tissue regeneration.

Conclusions: Although further research is necessary, current evidence suggests that autologous platelet concentrates hold promise for improving clinical outcomes in MSL procedures. They may enhance bone height and thickness, improve vascularization, and expedite postoperative healing, offering a valuable adjunct to traditional bone grafting techniques in oral surgery.

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition influenced by oxidative stress, which contributes to tissue destruction. Vitamin C, a key antioxidant, is essential for maintaining periodontal health through its role in collagen synthesis and free radical scavenging.

Objective: This study aimed to assess vitamin C levels in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) across different stages of periodontitis and explore their potential as biomarkers of disease progression.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 43 participants categorized into healthy, mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis groups according to the 2017 classification. Saliva and GCF samples were collected and analyzed for vitamin C using validated biochemical methods. Statistical analysis included Kruskal-Wallis tests and pairwise comparisons.

Results: Salivary vitamin C levels were significantly higher in healthy individuals and progressively decreased with increasing disease severity. GCF vitamin C concentrations were consistently higher than in saliva across all groups, with elevated levels in both healthy and severe periodontitis participants. However, intergroup differences in GCF levels were not statistically significant.

Conclusion: The study reveals distinct profiles of vitamin C in saliva and GCF, highlighting its local and systemic antioxidant roles. These findings suggest that vitamin C may serve as a useful biomarker in periodontal disease assessment.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) and gingival recession (GR) in Guinea-Bissau and investigate their correlation with oral hygiene practices.

Methods: Six calibrated examiners conducted intraoral examinations on individuals aged 12 years and above. A questionnaire gathered sociodemographic and oral hygiene information. NCCLs were identified through visual inspection of buccal and lingual/palatal tooth surfaces, while GR was assessed exclusively on buccal surfaces. The study adhered to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for oral health surveys.

Results: A total of 233 participants took part, with 132 (56.9%) females and 100 (43.1%) males, of whom 165 (70.8%) lived in the capital and 68 (29.2%) on the Bijagós Islands. Age groups included 12-18 years (86; 36.9%), 19-34 years (67; 28.7%), and >34 years (80; 34.3%). GR was prevalent in 94.4% of the population, and NCCLs were present in 29.4%.

Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence between the capital and the islands. The study did not find a significant association between NCCLs, GR, and oral hygiene practices. Nonetheless, both conditions showed correlations with age, gender, and treatment requirements, suggesting that individuals with GR are more predisposed to NCCLs.