Pub Date : 2020-03-23DOI: 10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2034
Ryan Jenkins, M. Ivantysynova
Pressure compensated vane pumps are an excellent solution for supplying hydraulic power with minimal waste in many automotive applications. An electrohydraulic pressure compensation control system for an automatic transmission supply that promises improved pressure response times over the baseline architecture is discussed. Suggested valve specifications are determined through calculations based on available data and refined via a validated simulation model of the proposed system. Two controller designs are formulated and compared: a basic PI control law and a cascaded model following controller including a nonlinear feedback linearization component. Simulations of the proposed system for a given duty cycle reveal that the nonlinear controller provides only minor improvements over a basic PI control law and is thus not an economical solution.
{"title":"An Electrohydraulic Pressure Compensation Control System for an Automotive Vane Pump Application","authors":"Ryan Jenkins, M. Ivantysynova","doi":"10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2034","url":null,"abstract":"Pressure compensated vane pumps are an excellent solution for supplying hydraulic power with minimal waste in many automotive applications. An electrohydraulic pressure compensation control system for an automatic transmission supply that promises improved pressure response times over the baseline architecture is discussed. Suggested valve specifications are determined through calculations based on available data and refined via a validated simulation model of the proposed system. Two controller designs are formulated and compared: a basic PI control law and a cascaded model following controller including a nonlinear feedback linearization component. Simulations of the proposed system for a given duty cycle reveal that the nonlinear controller provides only minor improvements over a basic PI control law and is thus not an economical solution.","PeriodicalId":13977,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fluid Power","volume":"1 1","pages":"353–374-353–374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45431676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-16DOI: 10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2033
Essam Elsaed, M. Abdelaziz, N. Mahmoud
A unique method of improving energy efficiency in fluid power systems is called digital flow control. In this paper, binary coding control is utilized. Although this scheme is characterized by a small package size and low energy consumption, it is influenced by higher pressure peaks and larger transient uncertainty than are other coding schemes, e.g., Fibonacci coding and pulse number modulation, consequently resulting in poor tracking accuracy. This issue can be solved by introducing a delay in the signal opening/ closing of the previous or subsequent valve, thus providing sufficient time for state alteration and valve processes. In a metering-in velocity control circuit, a feedforward neural network controller was used to create artificial delays according to the pressure difference over the digital flow control unit (DFCU) valves. The delayed signal samples fed to the controller were acquired through the genetic algorithm method, and the analysis was performed with MATLAB software.
{"title":"Using a Neural Network to Minimize Pressure Spikes for Binary-coded Digital Flow Control Units","authors":"Essam Elsaed, M. Abdelaziz, N. Mahmoud","doi":"10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2033","url":null,"abstract":"A unique method of improving energy efficiency in fluid power systems is called digital flow control. In this paper, binary coding control is utilized. Although this scheme is characterized by a small package size and low energy consumption, it is influenced by higher pressure peaks and larger transient uncertainty than are other coding schemes, e.g., Fibonacci coding and pulse number modulation, consequently resulting in poor tracking accuracy. \u0000This issue can be solved by introducing a delay in the signal opening/ closing of the previous or subsequent valve, thus providing sufficient time for state alteration and valve processes. In a metering-in velocity control circuit, a feedforward neural network controller was used to create artificial delays according to the pressure difference over the digital flow control unit (DFCU) valves. The delayed signal samples fed to the controller were acquired through the genetic algorithm method, and the analysis was performed with MATLAB software.","PeriodicalId":13977,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fluid Power","volume":"1 1","pages":"323–352-323–352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44388323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-09DOI: 10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2031
Abdallah A. Chehade, Farid Breidi, Keith Pate, J. Lumkes
Valve characteristics are an essential part of digital hydraulics. The on/off solenoid valves utilized on many of these systems can significantly affect the performance. Various factors can affect the speed of the valves causing them to experience various delays, which impact the overall performance of hydraulic systems. This work presents the development of an adaptive statistical based thresholding real-time valve delay model for digital Pump/Motors. The proposed method actively measures the valve delays in real-time and adapts the threshold of the system with the goal of improving the overall efficiency and performance of the system. This work builds on previous work by evaluating an alternative method used to detect valve delays in real-time. The method used here is a shift detection method for the pressure signals that utilizes domain knowledge and the system’s historical statistical behavior. This allows the model to be used over a large range of operating conditions, since the model can learn patterns and adapt to various operating conditions using domain knowledge and statistical behavior. A hydraulic circuit was built to measure the delay time experienced from the time the signal is sent to the valve to the time that the valve opens. Experiments were conducted on a three piston in-line digital pump/motor with 2 valves per cylinder, at low and high pressure ports, for a total of six valves. Two high frequency pressure transducers were used in this circuit to measure and analyze the differential pressure on the low and high pressure side of the on/off valves, as well as three in-cylinder pressure transducers. Data over 60 cycles was acquired to analyze the model against real time valve delays. The results show that the algorithm was successful in adapting the threshold for real time valve delays and accurately measuring the valve delays.
{"title":"Data-driven Adaptive Thresholding Model for Real-time Valve Delay Estimation in Digital Pump/Motors","authors":"Abdallah A. Chehade, Farid Breidi, Keith Pate, J. Lumkes","doi":"10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2031","url":null,"abstract":"Valve characteristics are an essential part of digital hydraulics. The on/off solenoid valves utilized on many of these systems can significantly affect the performance. Various factors can affect the speed of the valves causing them to experience various delays, which impact the overall performance of hydraulic systems. This work presents the development of an adaptive statistical based thresholding real-time valve delay model for digital Pump/Motors. The proposed method actively measures the valve delays in real-time and adapts the threshold of the system with the goal of improving the overall efficiency and performance of the system. This work builds on previous work by evaluating an alternative method used to detect valve delays in real-time. The method used here is a shift detection method for the pressure signals that utilizes domain knowledge and the system’s historical statistical behavior. This allows the model to be used over a large range of operating conditions, since the model can learn patterns and adapt to various operating conditions using domain knowledge and statistical behavior. A hydraulic circuit was built to measure the delay time experienced from the time the signal is sent to the valve to the time that the valve opens. Experiments were conducted on a three piston in-line digital pump/motor with 2 valves per cylinder, at low and high pressure ports, for a total of six valves. Two high frequency pressure transducers were used in this circuit to measure and analyze the differential pressure on the low and high pressure side of the on/off valves, as well as three in-cylinder pressure transducers. Data over 60 cycles was acquired to analyze the model against real time valve delays. The results show that the algorithm was successful in adapting the threshold for real time valve delays and accurately measuring the valve delays.","PeriodicalId":13977,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fluid Power","volume":"1 1","pages":"271–294-271–294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45763302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-09DOI: 10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2032
N. Pedersen, P. Johansen, Lasse Schmidt, R. Scheidl, T. Andersen
This paper concerns control of a digital direct hydraulic cylinder drive (D-DHCD) and is a novel concept with the potential to become the future solution for energy efficient hydraulic drives. The concept relies on direct control of a differential cylinder by a single hydraulic pump/motor unit connected to each cylinder inlet/outlet. The pump/motor unit in this research uses the digital displacement technology and comprises of numerous individually digital controlled pressure chambers, such that the ratio of active (motoring, pumping or idling) chambers determines the machine power throughput. This feature reduces energy losses to a minimum, since the inactive (idling) chambers has very low losses. A single DDM may provide individually load control for several cylinders without excessive throttling due to various load sizes. Successful implementation of the concept relies on proper control of the DDM, which demands a dynamical model that allows for system analysis and controller synthesis. This is a challenging task, due to the highly non-smooth machine behavior, comprising both non-linear continuous and discrete elements. This paper presents the first feedback control strategy for a D-DHCD concept, based on a discrete dynamical approximation and investigates the control performance in a mathematical simulation model representing the physical system.
{"title":"Control and Performance Analysis of a Digital Direct Hydraulic Cylinder Drive","authors":"N. Pedersen, P. Johansen, Lasse Schmidt, R. Scheidl, T. Andersen","doi":"10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2032","url":null,"abstract":"This paper concerns control of a digital direct hydraulic cylinder drive (D-DHCD) and is a novel concept with the potential to become the future solution for energy efficient hydraulic drives. The concept relies on direct control of a differential cylinder by a single hydraulic pump/motor unit connected to each cylinder inlet/outlet. The pump/motor unit in this research uses the digital displacement technology and comprises of numerous individually digital controlled pressure chambers, such that the ratio of active (motoring, pumping or idling) chambers determines the machine power throughput. This feature reduces energy losses to a minimum, since the inactive (idling) chambers has very low losses. A single DDM may provide individually load control for several cylinders without excessive throttling due to various load sizes. Successful implementation of the concept relies on proper control of the DDM, which demands a dynamical model that allows for system analysis and controller synthesis. This is a challenging task, due to the highly non-smooth machine behavior, comprising both non-linear continuous and discrete elements. This paper presents the first feedback control strategy for a D-DHCD concept, based on a discrete dynamical approximation and investigates the control performance in a mathematical simulation model representing the physical system.","PeriodicalId":13977,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fluid Power","volume":"20 1","pages":"295–322-295–322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45437421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transmitted Power of Piping and Wiring in Hydraulic, Pneumatic, and Electric Drive Systems","authors":"T. Kazama","doi":"10.5739/jfpsij.13.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5739/jfpsij.13.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13977,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fluid Power","volume":"13 1","pages":"9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71148200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Tracking Control for Hydraulic Direct-drive System","authors":"J. Shimizu, T. Otani, K. Hashimoto, A. Takanishi","doi":"10.5739/jfpsij.13.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5739/jfpsij.13.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13977,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fluid Power","volume":"13 1","pages":"17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71148173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Shimooka, Yusuke Hane, T. Akagi, S. Dohta, W. Kobayashi, T. Shinohara, Y. Matsui
{"title":"Development and Attitude Control of Washable Portable Rehabilitation Device for Wrist without Position Sensor","authors":"S. Shimooka, Yusuke Hane, T. Akagi, S. Dohta, W. Kobayashi, T. Shinohara, Y. Matsui","doi":"10.5739/jfpsij.13.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5739/jfpsij.13.25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13977,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fluid Power","volume":"13 1","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71148186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-25DOI: 10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2025
Ashkan A. Darbani, L. Shang, Jeremy Beale, M. Ivantysynova
The slipper/swashplate interface, as one of the three main lubricating interfaces in swashplate type axial piston machine, serves both a sealing function and a bearing function while dissipating energy into heat due to viscous friction. The sealing function prevents the fluid in the displacement chamber from leaking out through the gap to the case, and the bearing function prevents the slipper from contacting to the swashplate. The challenge of the conventional slipper/swashplate lubricating interface design is to rely on the tribological pairing self-adaptive wearing process to find a slipper surface profile that fulfills the bearing function. However, the resulted slipper surface profile from uncontrollable wearing process is not necessarily able to achieve good energy efficiency. This article proposes a novel slipper design approach that overcomes this challenge by adding a quadratic spline curvature to the slipper running surface which eliminates the wear while keeping good efficiency. A fully-coupled fluid-structure and thermal interaction model is used to simulate the performance of the slipper/swashplate interface. A computationally inexpensive optimization scheme is used to find the desired slipper design. This article presents the simulation methodology, the optimization scheme, the full factorial simulation study results, and the optimized slipper running surface.
{"title":"Slipper Surface Geometry Optimization of the Slipper/Swashplate Interface of Swashplate-Type Axial Piston Machines","authors":"Ashkan A. Darbani, L. Shang, Jeremy Beale, M. Ivantysynova","doi":"10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2025","url":null,"abstract":"The slipper/swashplate interface, as one of the three main lubricating interfaces in swashplate type axial piston machine, serves both a sealing function and a bearing function while dissipating energy into heat due to viscous friction. The sealing function prevents the fluid in the displacement chamber from leaking out through the gap to the case, and the bearing function prevents the slipper from contacting to the swashplate. The challenge of the conventional slipper/swashplate lubricating interface design is to rely on the tribological pairing self-adaptive wearing process to find a slipper surface profile that fulfills the bearing function. However, the resulted slipper surface profile from uncontrollable wearing process is not necessarily able to achieve good energy efficiency. This article proposes a novel slipper design approach that overcomes this challenge by adding a quadratic spline curvature to the slipper running surface which eliminates the wear while keeping good efficiency. A fully-coupled fluid-structure and thermal interaction model is used to simulate the performance of the slipper/swashplate interface. A computationally inexpensive optimization scheme is used to find the desired slipper design. This article presents the simulation methodology, the optimization scheme, the full factorial simulation study results, and the optimized slipper running surface.","PeriodicalId":13977,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fluid Power","volume":"1 1","pages":"245–270-245–270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48916546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-20DOI: 10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2024
Beau Johnson, H. Bartlett, M. Goldfarb
This paper describes a new design for a constant-fluid-volume, also known as a symmetrical, hydraulic cylinder. In contrast to the two fluid volume chambers of a typical hydraulic cylinder, the constant-fluid-volume cylinder contains five potential fluid chambers. Relative to three and four chamber designs, both previously described in the engineering literature, the five chamber design enables a minimum-diameter solution with a simpler porting implementation. Following a general description of the five-chamber design and its motivation, a five-chamber cylinder prototype is described and presented. Experimental results are presented comparing some behavioral characteristics of the fivechamber cylinder to a double-rod cylinder, and to two variations of single-rod implementations. Finally, a minimum-diameter five-chamber cylinder variant is described, and its geometric characteristics compared to equivalent doublerod and four-chamber cylinder implementations.
{"title":"Design and Characterization of a Five-Chamber Constant-Volume Hydraulic Actuator","authors":"Beau Johnson, H. Bartlett, M. Goldfarb","doi":"10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2024","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new design for a constant-fluid-volume, also known as a symmetrical, hydraulic cylinder. In contrast to the two fluid volume chambers of a typical hydraulic cylinder, the constant-fluid-volume cylinder contains five potential fluid chambers. Relative to three and four chamber designs, both previously described in the engineering literature, the five chamber design enables a minimum-diameter solution with a simpler porting implementation. Following a general description of the five-chamber design and its motivation, a five-chamber cylinder prototype is described and presented. Experimental results are presented comparing some behavioral characteristics of the fivechamber cylinder to a double-rod cylinder, and to two variations of single-rod implementations. Finally, a minimum-diameter five-chamber cylinder variant is described, and its geometric characteristics compared to equivalent doublerod and four-chamber cylinder implementations.","PeriodicalId":13977,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fluid Power","volume":"1 1","pages":"225–244-225–244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45010396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-20DOI: 10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2023
L. Gorodilov
A new property of self-oscillating single-acting hydro-impact systems is considered in this paper – an ability to make strikes in forward and backward directions in presence of two limiters of striker movement without structural changes in device. Mathematical models are presented for system, which includes a flow rate source, a control valve, an impact unit (body frame, striker and spring), an energy accumulator and two limiters. Program for system operational modes (op-modes) simulation is developed and dynamics of specific typical device is numerically investigated. Theoretical oscillograms of its dynamic characteristics and dependencies of integral characteristics on source and impact device parameters are analyzed. At low flow rate multiimpact self-oscillating cycles are obtained, in which the nature of dynamics phenomenon repeats after several striker-limiters interactions. Increase of flow rate leads to single-impact working mode with forward direction of striker movement, then to transition to double-impact mode with forward and backward directions and, further, to single-impact mode with backward direction. Transition boundary points, in which system op-modes changes, are found. Results of this paper can be applied in development of reversible hydro-impact devices (with impacts in forward and backward directions) for mining and construction engineering.
{"title":"Analysis of Self-oscillating Single-acting Hydro-impact System Operational Modes with Two Limiters of Striker Movement","authors":"L. Gorodilov","doi":"10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2023","url":null,"abstract":"A new property of self-oscillating single-acting hydro-impact systems is considered in this paper – an ability to make strikes in forward and backward directions in presence of two limiters of striker movement without structural changes in device. Mathematical models are presented for system, which includes a flow rate source, a control valve, an impact unit (body frame, striker and spring), an energy accumulator and two limiters. Program for system operational modes (op-modes) simulation is developed and dynamics of specific typical device is numerically investigated. Theoretical oscillograms of its dynamic characteristics and dependencies of integral characteristics on source and impact device parameters are analyzed. At low flow rate multiimpact self-oscillating cycles are obtained, in which the nature of dynamics phenomenon repeats after several striker-limiters interactions. Increase of flow rate leads to single-impact working mode with forward direction of striker movement, then to transition to double-impact mode with forward and backward directions and, further, to single-impact mode with backward direction. Transition boundary points, in which system op-modes changes, are found. Results of this paper can be applied in development of reversible hydro-impact devices (with impacts in forward and backward directions) for mining and construction engineering.","PeriodicalId":13977,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fluid Power","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45053275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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