International journal of hygiene and environmental health最新文献

{"title":"Serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) concentrations and anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels following COVID-19 vaccination: A cross-sectional study in three communities with elevated PFAS exposure","authors":"Sarah Rhea ,&nbsp;David Collier ,&nbsp;Michael Cuffney ,&nbsp;C. Suzanne Lea ,&nbsp;Nadine Kotlarz ,&nbsp;Jane A. Hoppin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are associated with reduced vaccine immune response, though most observational studies have found no link to COVID-19 vaccine response. Residents of North Carolina's Cape Fear River Basin have elevated serum PFAS levels. We investigated the cross-sectional association between serum PFAS and anti-Spike SARS-CoV-2 IgG (anti-S IgG) levels among COVID-19-vaccinated adults (N = 330) from three communities of the GenX Exposure Study with elevated PFAS. Eligibility criteria included no prior COVID-19 diagnosis and receipt of ≥2 COVID-19 vaccinations, the most recent within 180 days of data collection (June–November 2021). Serum PFAS (liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry) and anti-S IgG (AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Assay) were measured. For five PFAS with &gt;85 % sample detection, we built general linear models of log-transformed PFAS and anti-S IgG for each community, adjusting for age, sex, and days since last vaccination. Most participants were mid-aged, female, and White. COVID-19 vaccination patterns (i.e., doses, manufacturer) and anti-S IgG levels varied by community. Modest positive and negative estimates of PFAS−anti-S IgG relationships were observed across communities and PFAS. One community (Lower Cape Fear River region) had the largest, and only statistically significant, estimate: 0.31 % (95 % CI: 0.07 %–0.56 %) increase in anti-S IgG per 1 % increase in PFHpS (PFAS with lowest median concentration). We observed no consistent evidence linking higher serum PFAS to lower COVID-19 vaccine response, aligning with prior studies. Assessing PFAS exposure and COVID-19 vaccine response in observational studies is challenging. Longitudinal studies with serial antibody measurements, and vaccine type considerations, might provide additional insight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 114755"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146127687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of wild birds as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance: Implications for roof-harvested rainwater safety","authors":"Mira Cooper-Beknazarova ,&nbsp;Ben van den Akker ,&nbsp;Barbara Drigo ,&nbsp;Kirstin Ross ,&nbsp;Harriet Whiley ,&nbsp;Craig R. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review investigates the role of wild birds as reservoirs and vectors of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes, and the implications for human health via contamination of harvested rainwater. A systematic literature review revealed that urban-adapted birds, especially gulls and pigeons, frequently carry clinically relevant antimicrobial-resistant bacteria including Carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), multidrug-resistant <em>Escherichia coli</em>, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing <em>E. coli</em>, and methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) as well as colistin and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) resistance genes. Due to urbanisation, these birds often forage in contaminated urban environments such as landfills, sewage sites and waste deposits, which increases their exposure to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes raising concerns about their increasing role in the environmental dissemination of AMR. Roof-harvested rainwater, a growing alternative water source amid climate change and water scarcity, can be contaminated by bird droppings containing antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes. Despite its widespread use, harvested rainwater remains largely unregulated, presenting a public health risk. The findings from this review highlights the need for increased monitoring, targeted research, and improved risk management strategies to address AMR transmission from birds to humans via environmental pathways such as harvested rainwater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 114743"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wastewater reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium and H2S by using TiO2 films deposited by spin coating or magnetron sputtering","authors":"Luz A. Rincón-Barón ,&nbsp;Luis A. Cañón-Tafur ,&nbsp;María P. Forero-Carvajal ,&nbsp;Laura G. Ramírez-Alemán ,&nbsp;Luis C. Jiménez-Borrego ,&nbsp;Lucia A. Díaz-Ariza ,&nbsp;Augusto E. Mejía-Gómez ,&nbsp;Camilo Velez ,&nbsp;Ana K. Carrascal-Camacho ,&nbsp;Claudia M. Rivera-Hoyos ,&nbsp;Aura M. Pedroza-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salmonellosis is one of the most common infectious diseases transmitted by contaminated food or water. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium is associated with an increase in the incidence of invasive salmonellosis, acquired through contaminated products or water. Therefore, wastewater treatment is crucial for reducing the risk of infection, especially when this water is to be used or reused in agro-industrial sectors without proper treatment. This research studied TiO₂ film photocatalysis deposited by spin coating and magnetron sputtering for the simultaneous reduction of <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium and H₂S in wastewater. The TiO₂ films produced by spin coating and annealed at 550 °C exhibit aggregate-dominated growth, generating heterogeneous and clustered surfaces, with the anatase phase (bandwidth 3.14 eV) as the predominant crystalline structure; while the films deposited by magnetron sputtering showed a dense and uniform morphology, associated with the columnar growth typical of this technique, with good adhesion to the porous biochar substrate. At 200 °C, a mixture of anatase–rutile phases with a bandwidth of 3.21 eV occurred. Results showed that both types of TiO₂ films reduced more than 79 ± 2 % of bacteria and generated qualitative changes in H₂S production by the colonies and reducing more than 78 ± 2 % of the H₂S responsible for unpleasant odours. These results suggest that the photocatalysis process with both kinds of TiO₂ films could serve as a complementary treatment to conventional wastewater treatment technologies, favouring the production of water free of <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium and reusable in activities that do not involve direct human consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 114738"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential metabolic profiles by training fire exposure in female firefighters","authors":"Tuo Liu ,&nbsp;James Hollister ,&nbsp;Krystal J. Kern ,&nbsp;Michelle Valenti ,&nbsp;Shawn C. Beitel ,&nbsp;John J. Gulotta ,&nbsp;Sara A. Jahnke ,&nbsp;Heather Buren ,&nbsp;John Haseney ,&nbsp;Brian O'Neill ,&nbsp;Caitlin St Clair ,&nbsp;Yiwen Liu ,&nbsp;Frank von Hippel ,&nbsp;Catherine E. Mullins ,&nbsp;Douglas I. Walker ,&nbsp;Jaclyn M. Goodrich ,&nbsp;Jefferey L. Burgess ,&nbsp;Melissa A. Furlong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Female firefighters face elevated risks for cancer and reproductive disorders, but the underlying metabolic mechanisms remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to identify urinary metabolites and metabolic processes associated with training fire exposure among female municipal firefighters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>High-resolution metabolomics (HRM) was conducted on urine samples collected before and after live-fire training from female firefighters enrolled in the Fire Fighter Cancer Cohort Study. Linear mixed-effects models, adjusting for age, education, and Hispanic ethnicity, were used to identify differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) with false discovery rate correction. Functional enrichment analysis (FEA) via metabolite-set enrichment analysis (MSEA) from MetaboAnalyst was performed to identify enriched metabolic processes. A stratified analysis examined the influence of fire types on post-fire metabolic profiles.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One hundred female firefighters donated a total of 200 urine samples (100 pre-, 100 post-fire). HRM was performed in four modes including HILIC(+), HILIC(−), C18(+), and C18(−). We identified 200, 300, 280, and 306 metabolites and 10, 9, 23, and 19 post-training fire DEMs from the four modes, respectively. FEA highlighted enrichment of glycerophospholipid metabolism (p &lt; 0.05). Stratified analysis identified 11 DEMs by fire type with greater changes observed following burn room/tower exposures compared to flashover fires.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Training fire exposure induced widespread metabolic alterations in female firefighters, particularly in pathways related to oxidative stress and cell damage. These findings suggest potential biological pathways linking repeated fire exposure to chronic inflammation and disease risk. Burn room/tower burn exercises elicited more pronounced metabolic shifts than flashover fires.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 114746"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential over-adjustment bias in cohort studies of air pollution and health: A methodological study","authors":"Han Luo ,&nbsp;Yinyan Gao ,&nbsp;Weijia Xu ,&nbsp;Hui Sun ,&nbsp;Irene Xinyin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Confounder adjustment is essential in causal inference studies; however, over-adjustment—excessive statistical adjustment—can bias causal effect estimation. This issue is prevalent in environmental health impact studies but has not received sufficient attention. This study aimed to investigate current practices regarding over-adjustment in studies examining long-term air pollution exposure and health outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched PubMed from January 2021 to October 2023 for cohort studies published in high-impact journals that investigated long-term ambient air pollution exposure (including ambient fine particulate, carbon monoxide, compounds, oxynitride, ozone, sulfur dioxide) and health outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted relevant information. Potential over-adjustment was identified based on the Modified Disjunctive Cause Criterion. Descriptive analyses were performed on all data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 175 studies were included. Only 26 (14.9%) employed directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) for variable selection. More than half of the studies (122, 69.7%) exhibited potential over-adjustment; of these, 120 (68.6%) adjusted for mediators and 2 (1.1%) adjusted for both mediators and colliders. The most commonly adjusted mediators were Body Mass Index (98, 56.0%) and hypertension (25, 14.3%). Studies that applied DAGs demonstrated a significantly lower proportion of over-adjustment (42.3% vs 74.5%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A considerable proportion of cohort studies on air pollution and health exhibit potential over-adjustment, with a few employing DAGs for confounder selection to mitigate this issue. We emphasize the importance of avoiding potential over-adjustment and advocate for the proper use of DAGs in accordance with established methodological guidelines to reduce the risk of over-adjustment and improve the validity of future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 114758"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146168396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining the external exposome of newborns from La Palma Island, Spain: characteristics of realistic mixtures and its role on Precision Public Health","authors":"Ángelo Santana del Pino ,&nbsp;María Del Pino Quintana-Montesdeoca ,&nbsp;Katherine Simbaña-Rivera ,&nbsp;Manuel Zumbado ,&nbsp;Octavio P. Luzardo ,&nbsp;Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández ,&nbsp;Raúl Cabrera-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Maira del Pino Almeida-González ,&nbsp;Luis D. Boada","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The exposome framework provides an integrative perspective to characterize real-life exposures beyond single-chemical assessments. However, evidence on perinatal exposomes in non-urban populations is limited, particularly regarding pollutant mixtures and their contribution to adverse birth outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study including 471 neonates from La Palma (Spain). A total of 106 pollutants were quantified in cord blood using validated methods. Exposures encompassed essential elements, toxic metals, prioritized pollutants, emerging elements, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), grouped into seven categories. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, correlation matrices, principal component analysis (PCA), and network visualization, stratified by sex, birthweight, and maternal smoking.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Essential elements (Se, Zn, Cu, Mn) were detected in all samples, whereas emerging rare earth elements showed lower prevalence. PCA highlighted distinct exposure profiles, with PAHs and OCPs explaining the highest variance. Maternal smoking strongly influenced clustering: small for gestational age neonates from smoking mothers displayed a specific mixture of PAHs, OCPs, low-chlorinated PCBs, and Pb, contrasting with neonates of appropriate or large for gestational age. Network analyses revealed four main pollutant clusters, diverging from the seven predefined chemical groups and reflecting real-world mixtures shaped by common sources. Emerging pollutants, including rare earth elements and metals from electronic waste, formed a separate cluster.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Exposome-based approaches can characterize neonatal exposure mixtures, reveal modifiable patterns, and inform targeted interventions within Precision Public Health. These findings underscore the need to mitigate maternal smoking and address emerging contaminant exposures in perinatal populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 114761"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in lung function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide across wildfire seasons in the wildland firefighter exposure and health effect (WFFEHE) study","authors":"Chieh-Ming Wu ,&nbsp;Kathleen Clark ,&nbsp;Olorunfemi Adetona ,&nbsp;Kathleen Navarro DuBose ,&nbsp;Corey Butler ,&nbsp;Alejandra Ramirez-Cardenas ,&nbsp;James Odei ,&nbsp;Molly West ,&nbsp;Christa Hale","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Long-term pulmonary effects of wildland firefighting are unclear even though lung function declines have been observed following wildfire season and firefighting shift.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Spirometry and airway inflammation indicated as fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured among 152 wildland firefighters (WFFs) at the beginning (pre-season, April &amp; May) and end (post-season, September &amp; October) of the 2018 and/or 2019 wildfire seasons and among 19 WFFs at across 3 days of firefighting during a 2019 mid-season wildfire deployment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall peak expiratory flow (PEF) and percent of predicted PEF (PEF%) significantly decreased across fire season when 2018 and 2019 measurements were combined (−0.15 ± 0.07 L/s, <em>p</em> = 0.04; −1.87 ± 0.71%, <em>p</em> = 0.01; respectively), more so due to 2018 declines. PEF% and percent of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%) significantly improved between 2018 post-season and 2019 pre-season (i.e., off-season) (3.08 ± 1.26%, <em>p</em> = 0.02; 0.99 ± 0.41%, <em>p</em> = 0.02; respectively). FVC and FVC% significantly decreased across a firefighting shift on the first day of wildfire deployment (−0.12 ± 0.03 L, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01; −2.35 ± 0.64%, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). FeNO significantly decreased across the 2018 and 2019 fire seasons (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and significantly increased during the off-season (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). FeNO also showed statistically significant cross-shift decreases on the second day of wildfire deployment (−3.50 ± 0.95 ppm, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Seasonal wildland firefighting were associated with decreases in lung function and FeNO as well as increases in respiratory symptom score in this cohort. While lung function recovered during the off-season among the WFFs, the results suggest a need for longer-term studies to determine the impact of chronic wildland firefighting on pulmonary health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 114729"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational PBDE concentrations and functional connectivity in adolescents: The HOME Study","authors":"Jonathan Dudley ,&nbsp;Kimberly Yolton ,&nbsp;Alex D. Edmondson ,&nbsp;Yingying Xu ,&nbsp;Aimin Chen ,&nbsp;Jeffrey R. Strawn ,&nbsp;Joseph M. Braun ,&nbsp;Andreas Sjodin ,&nbsp;Bruce P. Lanphear ,&nbsp;Kim M. Cecil","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gestational polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) exposure is linked with adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in children, but scientists do not fully understand how these flame retardants damage the developing brain.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We estimated the association of gestational PBDE serum concentrations and intrinsic functional connectivity in 143 adolescents from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort enrolling from 2003 to 2006.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We measured maternal serum concentrations of five PBDE congeners and created a summary variable (∑₅BDE) during pregnancy. At age 12 years, we acquired high resolution anatomical and resting state functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging to examine the relationship between gestational concentrations and intrinsic functional connectivity, adjusting for covariates. We assessed behaviors, mental health symptoms, and executive function using self- and caregiver-reports. We examined whether functional connectivity patterns mediated the observed associations between gestational PBDE concentrations and neurobehavioral outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher gestational BDE-153 serum concentrations were associated with higher local correlation in the left inferior lateral occipital cortex. Higher gestational PBDE serum concentrations (BDE-28, -47, −99, −100, and the ∑₅BDE) were associated with reduced global correlation in the primary visual cortex. Seed-to-voxel connectivity patterns showed significant mediation for associations between ∑₅BDE and neurobehavioral outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Higher gestational PBDE serum concentrations were associated with diminished connectivity in the primary visual cortex. Connectivity patterns also mediated the relationship between gestational ∑₅BDE concentrations and neurobehavioral outcomes at age 12. These findings suggest that gestational PBDE exposure alters how the brain processes visual information across global networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 114745"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between exposure to environmental pollutants, metabolic syndrome risk, and obesity-related anthropometric indices","authors":"Iman Al-Saleh ,&nbsp;Rola Elkhatib ,&nbsp;Reem Alswayeh ,&nbsp;Reem Al-Rouqi ,&nbsp;Mawadah Baali ,&nbsp;Yara Aljerayed ,&nbsp;Sophia S. De Padua ,&nbsp;Hissah Alnuwaysir ,&nbsp;Ghada Hussein ,&nbsp;Habiba Sultana ,&nbsp;Naveed Yousaf ,&nbsp;Abass Waqar ,&nbsp;Khalid Alhusayn ,&nbsp;Shoaib Khan ,&nbsp;Amber Shammama ,&nbsp;Abdullah Aldowaish ,&nbsp;Fadiah Alkattabi ,&nbsp;Ghadah Almansour ,&nbsp;Gamal Mohamed ,&nbsp;Edward Devol","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental pollutants—including heavy metals, phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (assessed via urinary 1-hydroxypyrene), and volatile organic compounds (assessed via benzene metabolites)—have been linked to metabolic dysfunction. Yet, population-based evidence across age groups remains limited. This study examined associations between exposure to multiple pollutants and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, focusing on novel obesity-related anthropometric indices that capture subtle metabolic alterations. Originally designed as a case–control study, it was analyzed cross-sectionally among 536 participants aged ≥10 years at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Biomarkers of metals, phthalates, BPA, PAHs, and benzene were quantified in blood and urine. MetS components and advanced anthropometric indices—A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), Conicity Index (CI), Waist-Triglyceride Index (WTI), Body Roundness Index, Visceral Adiposity Index, Lipid Accumulation Product, and Cardiometabolic Index—were evaluated using multivariable logistic and linear regression adjusted for relevant covariates, with percent change expressing relative change in outcomes per ln-unit increase in pollutant concentration. In adults (≥18 years), no pollutant was significantly associated with MetS; however, blood cadmium was linked to higher WHtR (+2.4 %) and CI (+1.1 %) and lower fasting glucose (−3.1 %), while mercury increased fasting glucose (+1.7 %), ABSI (+0.6 %), and CI (+0.6 %). Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene was positively associated with ABSI and CI (∼+0.9 %), and the cumulative blood-metal index increased ABSI (+1.9 %) and CI (+2.1 %). In children (&lt;18 years), arsenic increased systolic pressure (+1.2 %), whereas lead and DEHP metabolites showed inverse associations with diastolic pressure, triglycerides, and central adiposity indices. Metals exerted stronger effects in adults, whereas phthalate-related associations appeared inverse in children, underscoring age- and matrix-dependent exposure–response differences and the value of advanced anthropometric indices for detecting early pollutant-related metabolic alterations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 114720"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145703666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organophosphate pesticide metabolite concentrations in a pregnancy cohort: daily variability, and predictors of exposure","authors":"Lyndsay Caton ,&nbsp;Susan MacPherson ,&nbsp;Tye E. Arbuckle ,&nbsp;Mark Walker ,&nbsp;Mandy Fisher","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organophosphates (OP) are commonly used agricultural pesticides. In 2009–2010, 80 pregnant women were recruited from Ottawa, Canada for the Plastics and Personal-care Product use in Pregnancy (P4) Study. A subset (n = 25) collected multiple spot urines (up to 10 each; total n = 431) over two 24-h periods in early pregnancy - one weekday and weekend day - while logging their food consumption beginning 24 h prior to the first urine void and continuing through the following 24-h urine collection period. Urine samples (n = 431 samples) were analyzed for six dialkyl OP metabolites, dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), dimethylphosphate (DMP), diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP), and diethylphosphate (DEP). This is the first study to look at within day variability of OP pesticide metabolites. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC's) were highest for DMP on weekend days (0.82) and lowest for DEDTP (0.35). Using a single spot urine to predict high urinary concentrations compared to the geometric mean of the participant's remaining samples for that day showed median sensitivities ranging from 67 to 87 % (weekday) and 73–81 % (weekend). This study was underpowered to see clear group differences; however molar sum dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolite concentrations over the 24 h weekday collection period increased or remained stable in urine samples collected &gt;6–12 h post-consumption of most food groups. We encourage future research with a larger sample size and more diverse participants, with a focus on OPs that are increasing or remaining stable over time including DEP and metabolites of pyrethroids, and neonicotinoids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 114716"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}