Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114620
Tian Tian , Fang Liu , Li Li , Jing Wei , Kailibinuer Kayimu , Yu Fu , Huahua Jiang , Fei Kong , Rui Yang , Yuanyuan Wang , Xiaoyu Long , Jie Qiao
Infertility is an increasingly global issue, with exposure to various elements linked to female fertility; however, comprehensive studies on the effects of simultaneous exposure to multiple elements are lacking. In this research, we used a nested case-control design within a pre-pregnancy cohort, examining serum samples from 142 infertile women and 139 controls who attempted conception between 2019 and 2022. The study assessed 48 elements using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and identified key elements affecting infertility risk through advanced statistical techniques, including Elastic Net Regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR). The interaction effects of elements were further explored using Generalized Additive Models (GAM), and their impacts on time to pregnancy (TTP) were analyzed through Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. The findings reveal that higher levels of Cd are positively linked to infertility, while elements like Fe, Cs, Sb, and Y may offer protective effects. Further BKMR analysis indicated that the mixture of identified elements had a combined effect on infertility risk in a nearly linear manner, with Fe and Cd being major contributors. A notable interaction between Cd and Fe was found, where low Fe and high Cd levels were associated with a higher risk of infertility and a longer TTP. Our results suggest that Fe supplementation and reducing Cd exposure could decrease the likelihood of infertility. This study underscores the complex interactions of elemental exposures on reproductive health. These findings highlight the potential need for public health interventions to reduce Cd exposure and promote Fe supplementation for women preparing for pregnancy. Additional research is required to investigate the underlying biological mechanisms and confirm these findings across various populations.
{"title":"Association between serum elementomics of 48 elements and female fecundity: evidence from a nested case-control study in China","authors":"Tian Tian , Fang Liu , Li Li , Jing Wei , Kailibinuer Kayimu , Yu Fu , Huahua Jiang , Fei Kong , Rui Yang , Yuanyuan Wang , Xiaoyu Long , Jie Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infertility is an increasingly global issue, with exposure to various elements linked to female fertility; however, comprehensive studies on the effects of simultaneous exposure to multiple elements are lacking. In this research, we used a nested case-control design within a pre-pregnancy cohort, examining serum samples from 142 infertile women and 139 controls who attempted conception between 2019 and 2022. The study assessed 48 elements using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and identified key elements affecting infertility risk through advanced statistical techniques, including Elastic Net Regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR). The interaction effects of elements were further explored using Generalized Additive Models (GAM), and their impacts on time to pregnancy (TTP) were analyzed through Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. The findings reveal that higher levels of Cd are positively linked to infertility, while elements like Fe, Cs, Sb, and Y may offer protective effects. Further BKMR analysis indicated that the mixture of identified elements had a combined effect on infertility risk in a nearly linear manner, with Fe and Cd being major contributors. A notable interaction between Cd and Fe was found, where low Fe and high Cd levels were associated with a higher risk of infertility and a longer TTP. Our results suggest that Fe supplementation and reducing Cd exposure could decrease the likelihood of infertility. This study underscores the complex interactions of elemental exposures on reproductive health. These findings highlight the potential need for public health interventions to reduce Cd exposure and promote Fe supplementation for women preparing for pregnancy. Additional research is required to investigate the underlying biological mechanisms and confirm these findings across various populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 114620"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114621
Helena Ferreira Leal , Élise Fortin , Sarah Dorner , Dominic Frigon , Caroline Quach , Emilie Bédard
Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat, causing over 1.27 million deaths annually and linked to an additional 4.95 million. AMR transmission occurs beyond clinical settings, with wastewater serving as a sentinel of community-level spread. This study investigated how temporal changes in antimicrobial consumption (AMC) correlate with the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in wastewater, using wastewater surveillance (WS) to monitor resistance trends in Quebec, Canada.
Methodology
AMC data (January 2019–May 2023) were obtained from the Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ) under a license from IQVIA Solutions Canada Inc. Wastewater samples (September 2020–September 2022) were obtained from three WWTPs and screened for 11 ARGs, including blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaNDM, blaOXA-1/30, qnrA, qnrB, mphE, and mefA. Analyses assessed temporal and spatial associations between AMC and ARGs.
Results
Total prescriptions declined from 537 to 392 per 1000 inhabitants between 2019 and 2020 (−27 %), likely due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This shift created a contrast that allowed us to better capture the signal of AMC through the noise in wastewater composition. β-lactams, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones were the most prescribed classes. ARGs were consistently detected in all 41 samples, with macrolide resistance genes being the most abundant. Strong correlations were observed between AMC and ARG prevalence in wastewater, particularly for β-lactams and fluoroquinolones (Spearman R = 0.80 and 0.81, p < 0.05). Spatial patterns showed uniform AMC but variable ARG levels.
Conclusions
Our study highlights the correlation between AMC and ARG. WS shows promise for real-time AMR monitoring.
抗生素耐药性（AMR）是一个全球性的健康威胁，每年造成127多万人死亡，并与另外495万人有关。抗菌素耐药性的传播发生在临床环境之外，废水可作为社区层面传播的哨兵。本研究利用废水监测（WS）监测加拿大魁北克省的耐药性趋势，研究了抗菌素用量（AMC）的时间变化与废水中抗菌素耐药基因（ARGs）的流行之间的关系。c数据（2019年1月- 2023年5月）由IQVIA Solutions Canada Inc.授权，从INSPQ （Institut National de sant publiclique du qubec）获得。从3个污水处理厂获得废水样本（2020年9月- 2022年9月），筛选出11种ARGs，包括blaTEM、blaSHV、blaCTX-M、blaNDM、blaxa -1/30、qnrA、qnrB、mphE和mefA。分析评估了AMC和ARGs之间的时间和空间关联。结果2019年至2020年期间，处方总数从每1000名居民537张下降到392张（- 27%），这可能是由于COVID-19大流行的影响。这种转变形成了一种对比，使我们能够通过废水成分中的噪声更好地捕获AMC的信号。β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类和氟喹诺酮类是处方最多的类别。在所有41份样本中均检测到ARGs，其中大环内酯类耐药基因最为丰富。AMC与废水中ARG的发生率之间存在很强的相关性，尤其是β-内酰胺类和氟喹诺酮类(Spearman R = 0.80和0.81,p <；0.05)。空间格局表现为均匀的AMC，不同的ARG水平。结论sour研究强调了AMC与ARG的相关性。WS显示了实时AMR监测的前景。
{"title":"Influence of antimicrobial consumption (AMC) on the detection of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in urban wastewater","authors":"Helena Ferreira Leal , Élise Fortin , Sarah Dorner , Dominic Frigon , Caroline Quach , Emilie Bédard","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat, causing over 1.27 million deaths annually and linked to an additional 4.95 million. AMR transmission occurs beyond clinical settings, with wastewater serving as a sentinel of community-level spread. This study investigated how temporal changes in antimicrobial consumption (AMC) correlate with the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in wastewater, using wastewater surveillance (WS) to monitor resistance trends in Quebec, Canada.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>AMC data (January 2019–May 2023) were obtained from the Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ) under a license from IQVIA Solutions Canada Inc. Wastewater samples (September 2020–September 2022) were obtained from three WWTPs and screened for 11 ARGs, including <em>bla</em><sub>TEM</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>SHV</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>CTX-M</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>NDM</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>OXA-1/30</sub>, <em>qnr</em>A, <em>qnr</em>B, <em>mph</em>E, and <em>mef</em>A. Analyses assessed temporal and spatial associations between AMC and ARGs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Total prescriptions declined from 537 to 392 per 1000 inhabitants between 2019 and 2020 (−27 %), likely due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This shift created a contrast that allowed us to better capture the signal of AMC through the noise in wastewater composition. β-lactams, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones were the most prescribed classes. ARGs were consistently detected in all 41 samples, with macrolide resistance genes being the most abundant. Strong correlations were observed between AMC and ARG prevalence in wastewater, particularly for β-lactams and fluoroquinolones (Spearman <em>R</em> = 0.80 and 0.81, <em>p</em> < 0.05). Spatial patterns showed uniform AMC but variable ARG levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study highlights the correlation between AMC and ARG. WS shows promise for real-time AMR monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 114621"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114618
Camille Allam , Sophie Haenn , Emma Giraud , Zeina Awad , Jérôme Robert , Emmanuelle Cambau , Laurent Moulin , Faïza Mougari
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging pathogens causing pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases, including healthcare-related infections. Although water is one of the main infection sources, isolating NTM from water samples is rarely done due to the NTM fastidious growth and lack of a standardised method. We propose a standardised NTM detection protocol from tap water. We set a protocol for NTM cultivation, measured its repeatability (n = 20 experiments, 5 for each condition), reproducibility (n = 20, 5 for each condition), and performed an inter-laboratory comparison (n = 6) using sterile and tap water samples spiked with slowly growing (M. avium) and rapidly growing (M. chelonae) NTM, plus artificial contamination (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). We investigated water-related NTM infections using this protocol from 2014 to 2024. The protocol showed good repeatability, reproducibility, and recovery yield (range: 67–131 %) for quantifying NTM in artificial samples. The inter-laboratory agreement was 83 %. It was consistent with different growth media and temperatures. The addition of P. aeruginosa did not affect NTM recovery. We used the protocol in 12 investigations, involving 24 patients. NTM were detected in 11/12 investigations (92 %, 23 patients) with species being the same as patients’ isolates in 6/11 (55 %, 18 patients). Water was identified as a source of infection in 5/12 (42 %) investigations involving 15/24 patients (62 %) based on matching genotypes. This study provides a protocol for detecting and quantifying NTM colonies in tap water, which allows identifying the source of clinical infections. With an increase in NTM infections, using this method in mycobacteriology and in environmental laboratories could be beneficial.
{"title":"Standardised protocol for the detection and quantification of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in tap water and its application in investigating the source of NTM clinical infections","authors":"Camille Allam , Sophie Haenn , Emma Giraud , Zeina Awad , Jérôme Robert , Emmanuelle Cambau , Laurent Moulin , Faïza Mougari","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging pathogens causing pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases, including healthcare-related infections. Although water is one of the main infection sources, isolating NTM from water samples is rarely done due to the NTM fastidious growth and lack of a standardised method. We propose a standardised NTM detection protocol from tap water. We set a protocol for NTM cultivation, measured its repeatability (n = 20 experiments, 5 for each condition), reproducibility (n = 20, 5 for each condition), and performed an inter-laboratory comparison (n = 6) using sterile and tap water samples spiked with slowly growing (<em>M. avium</em>) and rapidly growing (<em>M. chelonae</em>) NTM, plus artificial contamination (<em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>). We investigated water-related NTM infections using this protocol from 2014 to 2024. The protocol showed good repeatability, reproducibility, and recovery yield (range: 67–131 %) for quantifying NTM in artificial samples. The inter-laboratory agreement was 83 %. It was consistent with different growth media and temperatures. The addition of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> did not affect NTM recovery. We used the protocol in 12 investigations, involving 24 patients. NTM were detected in 11/12 investigations (92 %, 23 patients) with species being the same as patients’ isolates in 6/11 (55 %, 18 patients). Water was identified as a source of infection in 5/12 (42 %) investigations involving 15/24 patients (62 %) based on matching genotypes. This study provides a protocol for detecting and quantifying NTM colonies in tap water, which allows identifying the source of clinical infections. With an increase in NTM infections, using this method in mycobacteriology and in environmental laboratories could be beneficial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 114618"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114617
Irene Dimitriadis , Irene Souter , Paige L. Williams , David Weller , Jennifer B. Ford , Russ Hauser , Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
Background
Phenols are a family of short-lived endocrine disrupting chemicals found in a wide range of products and have drawn significant attention because of widespread human exposure and their potential adverse effects on reproductive health. Phenols have been widely detected in several human bodily fluids, particularly in urine and blood. However, there is limited data on phenols in human ovarian follicular fluid (FF). In addition, studies suggest associations between exposure to bisphenols and measures of infertility in humans. Nevertheless, the association of FF concentrations of bisphenols and female fertility has not been investigated.
Objectives
To quantify phenols in human ovarian FF, investigate correlations of phenol concentrations between FF and urine, evaluate trends over time, and explore any associations between FF concentrations of phenols and in-vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes.
Methods
This analysis includes 143 women who enrolled in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study and underwent one IVF cycle between 2009 and 2015, with available, FF, urine and reproductive outcome data. FF concentrations of 2,4-dichloro-phenol (2,4DCP), 2,5-dichloro-phenol (2,5DCP), methyl-paraben (MPB), ethyl-paraben (EPB), propyl-paraben (PPB), butyl-paraben (BPB), bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), benzophenone-3 (BP3), triclosan (TCS) and triclorocarban (TCC) were quantified by isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Generalized linear models were used to explore the associations between FF concentrations of bisphenols (in tertiles or dichotomized) and IVF outcomes, adjusting for confounders.
Results
Detection rates varied from high (79–95 %) for MPB, PPB and BPS, to moderate (44–65 %) for BPA, BP3 and TCS, to low (1–34 %) for 2,4DCP, 2,5DCP, EPB, BPB, BPF, TCC. Correlations between FF and urine were strong for BP3 (r = 0.86), moderate for MPB (r = 0.64) and PBP (r = 0.63), and weak for BPS (r = 0.21) and BPA (r = 0.12). FF BPA concentrations significantly decreased over time, whereas FF BPS concentrations increased. Most of the examined FF phenol biomarker concentrations were not related to early IVF outcomes (endometrial thickness, total and mature (MII) oocyte yield, fertilization rates). However, significant associations between PPB and endometrial thickness, and between BP3 and MII oocyte yield were noted, without these findings translating in any effects observed on pregnancy outcomes (implantation, clinical pregnancy and live birth).
Conclusions
We observed that most phenols were detected in FF and there were some correlations with urinary concentrations. We confirmed in FF that phenols such as BPA may be declining, while exposure to new replacements such as BPS are increasing. However, no overall associations were o
{"title":"Phenol biomarker concentrations in human ovarian follicular fluid and the associations with in-vitro fertilization outcomes","authors":"Irene Dimitriadis , Irene Souter , Paige L. Williams , David Weller , Jennifer B. Ford , Russ Hauser , Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Phenols are a family of short-lived endocrine disrupting chemicals found in a wide range of products and have drawn significant attention because of widespread human exposure and their potential adverse effects on reproductive health. Phenols have been widely detected in several human bodily fluids, particularly in urine and blood. However, there is limited data on phenols in human ovarian follicular fluid (FF). In addition, studies suggest associations between exposure to bisphenols and measures of infertility in humans. Nevertheless, the association of FF concentrations of bisphenols and female fertility has not been investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To quantify phenols in human ovarian FF, investigate correlations of phenol concentrations between FF and urine, evaluate trends over time, and explore any associations between FF concentrations of phenols and <em>in-vitro</em> fertilization (IVF) outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This analysis includes 143 women who enrolled in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study and underwent one IVF cycle between 2009 and 2015, with available, FF, urine and reproductive outcome data. FF concentrations of 2,4-dichloro-phenol (2,4DCP), 2,5-dichloro-phenol (2,5DCP), methyl-paraben (MPB), ethyl-paraben (EPB), propyl-paraben (PPB), butyl-paraben (BPB), bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), benzophenone-3 (BP3), triclosan (TCS) and triclorocarban (TCC) were quantified by isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Generalized linear models were used to explore the associations between FF concentrations of bisphenols (in tertiles or dichotomized) and IVF outcomes, adjusting for confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Detection rates varied from high (79–95 %) for MPB, PPB and BPS, to moderate (44–65 %) for BPA, BP3 and TCS, to low (1–34 %) for 2,4DCP, 2,5DCP, EPB, BPB, BPF, TCC. Correlations between FF and urine were strong for BP3 (<em>r</em> = 0.86), moderate for MPB (<em>r</em> = 0.64) and PBP (<em>r</em> = 0.63), and weak for BPS (<em>r</em> = 0.21) and BPA (<em>r</em> = 0.12). FF BPA concentrations significantly decreased over time, whereas FF BPS concentrations increased. Most of the examined FF phenol biomarker concentrations were not related to early IVF outcomes (endometrial thickness, total and mature (MII) oocyte yield, fertilization rates). However, significant associations between PPB and endometrial thickness, and between BP3 and MII oocyte yield were noted, without these findings translating in any effects observed on pregnancy outcomes (implantation, clinical pregnancy and live birth).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We observed that most phenols were detected in FF and there were some correlations with urinary concentrations. We confirmed in FF that phenols such as BPA may be declining, while exposure to new replacements such as BPS are increasing. However, no overall associations were o","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 114617"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114612
Olivia P. Stoddard , Kimberly Berger , Brenda Eskenazi , Katherine Kogut , Nina T. Holland , Stephen Rauch , Kim G. Harley
Phthalates, parabens, and other phenols are present in consumer products humans use every day, including personal care products and food packaging. Exposure to these chemicals may have endocrine disrupting effects. The menstrual cycle is guided by the rise and fall of hormones, which may be disrupted by exposure to these chemicals. Urinary concentrations of metabolites of phthalates, parabens, and phenols in mothers during pregnancy and several menstrual cycle characteristics in their daughters at age 16 were examined in a predominantly Latino farmworker cohort. The association between the chemicals and each outcome was examined using logistic regression. Bayesian hierarchical modeling was used to model the chemical mixture's associations with each outcome. All models were adjusted for poverty level during pregnancy, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, and fast-food consumption at adolescent age 9. Results showed a positive association between mono (3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, propylparaben, and bisphenol-A and heavy menstrual flow. Exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenol was positively associated with short cycle length. Mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were positively associated with long cycle length. These results suggest in utero exposure to phthalates, parabens, and other phenols may be associated with abnormal menstrual cycle characteristics in adolescents.
{"title":"In utero exposure to a mixture of phthalates, parabens, and other phenols and menstrual cycle characteristics in adolescents","authors":"Olivia P. Stoddard , Kimberly Berger , Brenda Eskenazi , Katherine Kogut , Nina T. Holland , Stephen Rauch , Kim G. Harley","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phthalates, parabens, and other phenols are present in consumer products humans use every day, including personal care products and food packaging. Exposure to these chemicals may have endocrine disrupting effects. The menstrual cycle is guided by the rise and fall of hormones, which may be disrupted by exposure to these chemicals. Urinary concentrations of metabolites of phthalates, parabens, and phenols in mothers during pregnancy and several menstrual cycle characteristics in their daughters at age 16 were examined in a predominantly Latino farmworker cohort. The association between the chemicals and each outcome was examined using logistic regression. Bayesian hierarchical modeling was used to model the chemical mixture's associations with each outcome. All models were adjusted for poverty level during pregnancy, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, and fast-food consumption at adolescent age 9. Results showed a positive association between mono (3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, propylparaben, and bisphenol-A and heavy menstrual flow. Exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenol was positively associated with short cycle length. Mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were positively associated with long cycle length. These results suggest <em>in utero</em> exposure to phthalates, parabens, and other phenols may be associated with abnormal menstrual cycle characteristics in adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 114612"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114615
Patricia A. Erickson , Gabriella Andreotti , Richard V. Remigio , Mary H. Ward , Christine G. Parks , Dale P. Sandler , Paul S. Albert , Kathryn Hughes Barry , Jonathan N. Hofmann , Laura E. Beane Freeman
Carbaryl is a common carbamate insecticide in the United States (USA). Previous epidemiologic investigations, including within the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), have suggested potential associations between carbaryl use and cancer risk. The AHS is a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators in North Carolina (NC) and Iowa (IA), USA. Information on lifetime pesticide use was reported at enrollment (1993–1997) and follow-up (1999–2005). We evaluated cancer risks associated with ever- and intensity-weighted lifetime days (IWLD) of carbaryl use. Among 52,625 applicators, 8713 incident cancer cases were identified from linkages with state cancer registries through 2014 (NC) or 2017 (IA). We used Poisson regression to estimate rate ratios (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI), controlling for confounders, and evaluated lagged exposures. Approximately 51 % of applicators reported using carbaryl. Increasing IWLD of carbaryl use was associated with increased stomach cancer risk (third tertile vs. never use; RRT3 = 2.07, 95 % CI: 1.05–4.07, p-trend = 0.02), persisting when exposure was lagged by 5-years (RRT3 = 2.20, 95 % CI: 1.12–4.33). We noted elevated risks of esophageal (RR = 1.52, 95 % CI: 1.01–2.27) and tongue (RR = 1.91, 95 % CI: 0.95–3.81) cancers with ever-use. There was an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer when carbaryl exposure was lagged by 30 years (RRlag30Q4 = 1.56, 95 % CI: 1.18–2.08, p-trend = 0.002). This is the largest and most comprehensive prospective evaluation of carbaryl and cancer risk to date. We provide novel evidence of associations between carbaryl exposure and specific cancers. There is a need for additional studies to confirm these findings and to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying the observed associations.
{"title":"Carbaryl use and incident cancer in the Agricultural Health Study: an updated analysis","authors":"Patricia A. Erickson , Gabriella Andreotti , Richard V. Remigio , Mary H. Ward , Christine G. Parks , Dale P. Sandler , Paul S. Albert , Kathryn Hughes Barry , Jonathan N. Hofmann , Laura E. Beane Freeman","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbaryl is a common carbamate insecticide in the United States (USA). Previous epidemiologic investigations, including within the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), have suggested potential associations between carbaryl use and cancer risk. The AHS is a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators in North Carolina (NC) and Iowa (IA), USA. Information on lifetime pesticide use was reported at enrollment (1993–1997) and follow-up (1999–2005). We evaluated cancer risks associated with ever- and intensity-weighted lifetime days (IWLD) of carbaryl use. Among 52,625 applicators, 8713 incident cancer cases were identified from linkages with state cancer registries through 2014 (NC) or 2017 (IA). We used Poisson regression to estimate rate ratios (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI), controlling for confounders, and evaluated lagged exposures. Approximately 51 % of applicators reported using carbaryl. Increasing IWLD of carbaryl use was associated with increased stomach cancer risk (third tertile vs. never use; RR<sub>T3</sub> = 2.07, 95 % CI: 1.05–4.07<em>, p-trend</em> = 0.02), persisting when exposure was lagged by 5-years (RR<sub>T3</sub> = 2.20, 95 % CI: 1.12–4.33). We noted elevated risks of esophageal (RR = 1.52, 95 % CI: 1.01–2.27) and tongue (RR = 1.91, 95 % CI: 0.95–3.81) cancers with ever-use. There was an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer when carbaryl exposure was lagged by 30 years (RR<sub>lag30Q4</sub> = 1.56, 95 % CI: 1.18–2.08, <em>p-trend</em> = 0.002). This is the largest and most comprehensive prospective evaluation of carbaryl and cancer risk to date. We provide novel evidence of associations between carbaryl exposure and specific cancers. There is a need for additional studies to confirm these findings and to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying the observed associations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 114615"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114616
Min-Soo Kim , Abdullah Hamadeh , Jason Kowalski , Amber Yeary , Puneet Vij , Jacob Torres , David Kim , Andrea N. Edginton
Background
N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) is an active ingredient of insect repellents that are applied on skin against mosquitoes and ticks. We developed a human PBK model of DEET and 3-(diethylcarbamoyl)benzoic acid (DCBA, a primary metabolite of DEET). The PBK model was used to interpret a biomonitoring study of DEET in children.
Methods
The model was built in three steps. First, systemic models of DEET and DCBA were built and linked based on in vitro and in vivo data and in silico predictions. Second, a mechanistic dermal absorption model of DEET was developed and optimized based on in vitro permeation test (IVPT) data. Finally, the systemic model was linked to the dermal model. Predictions of the integrated model were evaluated using in vivo dermal exposure study data. This model was used to interpret urine concentrations of DEET following use of DEET containing repellents by children at a summer camp.
Results
The model (i.e., combined dermal and systemic models) whose urinary predictions were within the 2-fold range was used to simulate the time-course profile of DEET; results were compared against data from a previously published pharmacokinetic study. The estimated typical amount of applied DEET at the summer camp over 24 h was 69.0 mg with a predicted dermal bioavailability of 24.2 %.
Conclusion
A PBK model of DEET and DCBA was developed and validated in humans by integrating publicly available data. The external dose of DEET was estimated using the PBK model, and the calculated margin of exposure is above the level of concern.
n， n -二乙基-3-甲基苄胺（DEET）是一种有效的驱蚊剂，用于皮肤上防止蚊子和蜱虫。我们建立了避蚊胺和3-（二乙基氨基甲酰）苯甲酸（DCBA，避蚊胺的主要代谢物）的人PBK模型。PBK模型用于解释儿童避蚊胺的生物监测研究。方法分三步建立模型。首先，基于体外和体内数据以及计算机预测，建立并连接避蚊胺和DCBA的系统模型。其次，基于体外渗透试验（IVPT）数据，建立并优化避蚊胺皮肤吸收机理模型。最后，将系统模型与皮肤模型联系起来。综合模型的预测使用体内皮肤暴露研究数据进行评估。该模型用于解释夏令营儿童使用含有避蚊胺的驱蚊剂后尿液中的避蚊胺浓度。结果采用尿路预测值在2倍范围内的模型（即真皮和全身联合模型）模拟避蚊胺的时间过程；结果与先前发表的药代动力学研究的数据进行了比较。估计夏令营24小时内避蚊胺的典型施用量为69.0 mg，预测皮肤生物利用度为24.2%。结论通过整合公开数据，建立了避蚊胺和DCBA的PBK模型，并在人体中进行了验证。使用PBK模型估计避蚊胺的外剂量，计算出的暴露余量高于关注水平。
{"title":"A physiologically based kinetic model for quantifying human exposure to DEET","authors":"Min-Soo Kim , Abdullah Hamadeh , Jason Kowalski , Amber Yeary , Puneet Vij , Jacob Torres , David Kim , Andrea N. Edginton","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) is an active ingredient of insect repellents that are applied on skin against mosquitoes and ticks. We developed a human PBK model of DEET and 3-(diethylcarbamoyl)benzoic acid (DCBA, a primary metabolite of DEET). The PBK model was used to interpret a biomonitoring study of DEET in children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The model was built in three steps. First, systemic models of DEET and DCBA were built and linked based on <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> data and <em>in silico</em> predictions. Second, a mechanistic dermal absorption model of DEET was developed and optimized based on <em>in vitro</em> permeation test (IVPT) data. Finally, the systemic model was linked to the dermal model. Predictions of the integrated model were evaluated using <em>in vivo</em> dermal exposure study data. This model was used to interpret urine concentrations of DEET following use of DEET containing repellents by children at a summer camp.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The model (<em>i.e</em>., combined dermal and systemic models) whose urinary predictions were within the 2-fold range was used to simulate the time-course profile of DEET; results were compared against data from a previously published pharmacokinetic study. The estimated typical amount of applied DEET at the summer camp over 24 h was 69.0 mg with a predicted dermal bioavailability of 24.2 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A PBK model of DEET and DCBA was developed and validated in humans by integrating publicly available data. The external dose of DEET was estimated using the PBK model, and the calculated margin of exposure is above the level of concern.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 114616"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114613
Erin C. McCanlies , Ja Kook Gu , Claudia C. Ma , Wayne T. Sanderson , Yunin J. Ludeña-Rodriguez , Irva Hertz-Picciotto
{"title":"The effects of parental occupational exposures on autism spectrum disorder severity and skills in cognitive and adaptive domains in children with autism spectrum disorder","authors":"Erin C. McCanlies , Ja Kook Gu , Claudia C. Ma , Wayne T. Sanderson , Yunin J. Ludeña-Rodriguez , Irva Hertz-Picciotto","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114613","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 114613"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114614
Hanne Frederiksen , Holger M. Koch , Stine Müller , Margit Bistrup Fischer , Gylli Mola , Casper P. Hagen , Anders Juul , Tina Kold Jensen , Anna-Maria Andersson
Background
Di-n-hexyl phthalate (DnHxP) is one of the most potent phthalates with adverse effects on the male reproductive system. Despite a European ban on DnHxP since 2020, high urinary excretion of mono-n-hexyl phthalate (MnHxP), the major metabolite of DnHxP, has been observed in recent European human biomonitoring (HBM) studies. Sunscreen products containing the UV-filter diethylamino hydroxybenzyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB), which can be contaminated with DnHxP, were pointed out as a relevant source of exposure to DnHxP.
Objective
To study possible seasonal variation in urinary excretion of MnHxP in different Danish study populations.
Method
MnHxP was measured by LC-MS/MS in 1591 urine samples collected in 2016–2022 from pregnant women, 7-year-old children, and infants and their parents participating in three different cohort studies.
Results
Urinary MnHxP was above the limit of detection (0.04 μg/L) in 84 % and above 1 μg/L in 33 % of samples. The 7-year-old children was the study population with the highest excretion rate (97 %). The highest urinary MnHxP concentration (72.5 μg/L) exceeded the health-based guidance value (HBM-I value) of 60 μg/L.
A significantly higher urinary excretion of MnHxP was observed in the summer compared to the winter season in all study populations. 80 % of the urine samples with MnHxP concentrations > 1 μg/L were from the summer season. 40 % of Danish sunscreen products contain DHHB.
Conclusion
The marked seasonal variation with higher MnHxP excretions in the summer season supports the hypothesis that the recently unveiled DnHxP contamination of the UV-filter DHHB in sunscreen products could be driving these exposures.
{"title":"Extensive exposure to di-n-hexyl phthalate with significant seasonal variation across infants, children and adults including pregnant women in Denmark","authors":"Hanne Frederiksen , Holger M. Koch , Stine Müller , Margit Bistrup Fischer , Gylli Mola , Casper P. Hagen , Anders Juul , Tina Kold Jensen , Anna-Maria Andersson","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Di-n-hexyl phthalate (DnHxP) is one of the most potent phthalates with adverse effects on the male reproductive system. Despite a European ban on DnHxP since 2020, high urinary excretion of mono-n-hexyl phthalate (MnHxP), the major metabolite of DnHxP, has been observed in recent European human biomonitoring (HBM) studies. Sunscreen products containing the UV-filter diethylamino hydroxybenzyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB), which can be contaminated with DnHxP, were pointed out as a relevant source of exposure to DnHxP.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To study possible seasonal variation in urinary excretion of MnHxP in different Danish study populations.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>MnHxP was measured by LC-MS/MS in 1591 urine samples collected in 2016–2022 from pregnant women, 7-year-old children, and infants and their parents participating in three different cohort studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Urinary MnHxP was above the limit of detection (0.04 μg/L) in 84 % and above 1 μg/L in 33 % of samples. The 7-year-old children was the study population with the highest excretion rate (97 %). The highest urinary MnHxP concentration (72.5 μg/L) exceeded the health-based guidance value (HBM-I value) of 60 μg/L.</div><div>A significantly higher urinary excretion of MnHxP was observed in the summer compared to the winter season in all study populations. 80 % of the urine samples with MnHxP concentrations > 1 μg/L were from the summer season. 40 % of Danish sunscreen products contain DHHB.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The marked seasonal variation with higher MnHxP excretions in the summer season supports the hypothesis that the recently unveiled DnHxP contamination of the UV-filter DHHB in sunscreen products could be driving these exposures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 114614"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114607
Namita Narwal , Monica Rose Amarlapudi , Ravikant V. Vinchurkar , Manisha Behera , Sachinandan De , Raghu Hirikyathanahalli Vishweswaraiah , Anil Kumar Puniya , Rashmi Hogarehalli Mallappa , Diwas Pradhan
The present study was carried out to study the prevalence and genetic mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli strains from dairy farms. A total of 60 E. coli strains were initially isolated from 192 dairy farm samples using a selective antibiotic approach and confirmed as E. coli by PCR. Among these, 48 E. coli isolates predominantly from fecal samples were further studied. These isolates were majorly classified in phylogroup A (43.75 %) and B1 (16.66 %) and showed predominant resistance against ampicillin (60.41 %) followed by piperacillin (56.25 %), tetracycline (54.16 %), and other β-lactams such as cefotaxime (47.91 %) and cefuroxime (43.75 %). A significant portion (22.9 %) of the E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 50 % were ESBL-positive. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index ≥0.4 was exhibited by three isolates. Genotypic analysis identified resistance genes associated with β-lactams (blaCTX-M-1, 64.58 %; blaTEM, 35.41 %; blaCTX-M-9, 4.16 %), tetracycline (tetA,37.58 %; tetB, 47.91 %), trimethoprim (dfrA17, 16.66 %), aminoglycosides [aac(6′)-Ib-cr, 2.08 %] and fluoroquinolones [qnrB, 25 %; qnrS, 16.66 %; gyrB (S492N), 45.83 %; gyrA (S83L), 45.83 %; gyrA(S87L), 39.58 %; parC (S80I), 14.58 %]. E. coli isolates also showed a high frequency of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as IS26 (56.25 %), IncFIB plasmids (52.08 %), and Tn3 transposons (56.25 %). Class 1 integrons harbouring 200 and 800 bp gene cassettes were also detected in 5 E. coli isolates (10.4 %). Overall, this study highlights the high prevalence of diverse AMR genes in cattle-derived E. coli and their strong association with various MGEs. These findings emphasize the need for continuous genomic surveillance to mitigate resistance spread, particularly within and from dairy environments.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli from dairy farm environment","authors":"Namita Narwal , Monica Rose Amarlapudi , Ravikant V. Vinchurkar , Manisha Behera , Sachinandan De , Raghu Hirikyathanahalli Vishweswaraiah , Anil Kumar Puniya , Rashmi Hogarehalli Mallappa , Diwas Pradhan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study was carried out to study the prevalence and genetic mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in <em>E. coli</em> strains from dairy farms. A total of 60 <em>E. coli</em> strains were initially isolated from 192 dairy farm samples using a selective antibiotic approach and confirmed as <em>E. coli</em> by PCR. Among these, 48 <em>E. coli</em> isolates predominantly from fecal samples were further studied. These isolates were majorly classified in phylogroup A (43.75 %) and B1 (16.66 %) and showed predominant resistance against ampicillin (60.41 %) followed by piperacillin (56.25 %), tetracycline (54.16 %), and other β-lactams such as cefotaxime (47.91 %) and cefuroxime (43.75 %). A significant portion (22.9 %) of the <em>E. coli</em> isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 50 % were ESBL-positive. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index ≥0.4 was exhibited by three isolates. Genotypic analysis identified resistance genes associated with β-lactams (<em>bla</em><sub><em>CTX-M-1</em></sub>, 64.58 %; <em>bla</em><sub><em>TEM</em></sub>, 35.41 %; <em>bla</em><sub><em>CTX-M-9</em>,</sub> 4.16 %), tetracycline (<em>tet</em>A,37.58 %; <em>tet</em>B, 47.91 %), trimethoprim (<em>dfr</em>A17, 16.66 %), aminoglycosides [<em>aac(6′)-Ib-cr</em>, 2.08 %] and fluoroquinolones [<em>qnr</em>B, 25 %; <em>qnr</em>S, 16.66 %; <em>gyr</em>B (S492N), 45.83 %; <em>gyr</em>A (S83L), 45.83 %; <em>gyr</em>A(S87L), 39.58 %; <em>par</em>C (S80I), 14.58 %]. <em>E. coli</em> isolates also showed a high frequency of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as IS26 (56.25 %), IncFIB plasmids (52.08 %), and Tn3 transposons (56.25 %). Class 1 integrons harbouring 200 and 800 bp gene cassettes were also detected in 5 <em>E. coli</em> isolates (10.4 %). Overall, this study highlights the high prevalence of diverse AMR genes in cattle-derived <em>E. coli</em> and their strong association with various MGEs. These findings emphasize the need for continuous genomic surveillance to mitigate resistance spread, particularly within and from dairy environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 114607"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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