International journal of hygiene and environmental health最新文献_第5页

Sewer misconnection: Recommendations for increasing sewer connections in low-income urban communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh 下水道误接：关于增加孟加拉国达卡低收入城市社区下水道连接的建议

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114707

Mahbub-Ul Alam , Md Assaduzzaman Rahat , Md Eayashen , Shahpara Nawaz , Nishantika Neeher , Kazy Farhat Tabassum , Barbara Evans , Paul Hutchings

In Dhaka, Bangladesh, sewer misconnections persist despite sewer infrastructure expansion by the Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA). This mixed-method cross-sectional study aimed to develop targeted, evidence-based interventions to increase sewer connections in urban communities. We surveyed 384 households and conducted 10 in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions across five DWASA zones. Using the Risks, Attitudes, Norms, Abilities, and Self-regulation (RANAS) framework, we identified key psychological factors influencing sewer connection behaviours. Building on these insights, we mapped psychological factors to Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs) to develop tailored interventions. Households those were not-connected to sewer exhibited significantly lower awareness of sanitation-related health risks, less confidence in navigating connection procedures, and weaker perceptions of the social benefits of sewer linkage. Qualitative findings revealed widespread dissatisfaction with dysfunctional drainage systems, high connection costs, inadequate maintenance support from DWASA, and bureaucratic delays as significant barriers. These results highlight a complex interplay of psychological, financial, and administrative challenges limiting sewer uptake. Based on these insights, we propose a comprehensive intervention package integrating health education to improve risk awareness, community role models to shift social norms, practical technical guidance to simplify connection processes, and income-adjusted financial incentives to ease economic burdens. The study emphasises the urgent need for integrated, multi-sectoral strategies that address behavioural, structural, and economic barriers simultaneously. Implementing these interventions reduces sewer misconnections, an often-overlooked source of environmental contamination and public health risk, and would advance equitable and sustainable sanitation in rapidly urbanising cities like Dhaka.

在孟加拉国的达卡，尽管达卡供水和污水管理局（DWASA）扩建了下水道基础设施，但下水道连接错误仍然存在。这项混合方法横断面研究旨在制定有针对性的、以证据为基础的干预措施，以增加城市社区的下水道连接。我们调查了384户家庭，在五个DWASA区域进行了10次深度访谈和2次焦点小组讨论。利用风险、态度、规范、能力和自我调节（RANAS）框架，我们确定了影响下水道连接行为的关键心理因素。基于这些见解，我们将心理因素映射到行为改变技术（bct）中，以开发量身定制的干预措施。未连接下水道的家庭对与卫生有关的健康风险的认识明显较低，对使用连接程序的信心较低，对下水道连接的社会效益的认识较弱。定性调查结果显示，人们普遍对排水系统功能失调、连接成本高、DWASA的维护支持不足以及官僚主义延误感到不满。这些结果突出了限制下水道吸收的心理、财务和行政挑战的复杂相互作用。基于这些见解，我们提出了一套综合干预方案，包括提高风险意识的健康教育、改变社会规范的社区榜样、简化连接流程的实用技术指导以及减轻经济负担的收入调整财政激励。该研究强调，迫切需要制定综合的多部门战略，同时解决行为、结构和经济障碍。实施这些干预措施可以减少下水道误接，这是一个经常被忽视的环境污染和公共健康风险来源，并将促进达卡等快速城市化城市的公平和可持续卫生。

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引用次数: 0

Household resilience and adaptation strategies for enhancing access to energy, water, and food during droughts and floods: A qualitative study 在干旱和洪水期间加强获得能源、水和食物的家庭复原力和适应战略：一项定性研究。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114705

Emily A. Ogutu , Hemali H. Oza , Monique Beun , Reinilde Eppinga , Richard Muga , Matthew C. Freeman

Background

Climate change driven disruptions, like droughts and floods, disrupt access to water, food, and energy systems, and disproportionately affect vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding local impacts and adaptation gaps can inform strategies to enhance household and community resilience.

Objectives

This qualitative study explored household resilience to droughts and floods among arid and semi-arid lands (ASAL) and non-ASAL regions across five counties in Kenya, examined local resilience practices, determined impact on gender, and identified opportunities for evidence-based interventions.

Methods

We conducted 44 key informant interviews and 60 focus group discussions with men and women in Bungoma, Homa Bay, Isiolo, Samburu, and Siaya counties. We used a thematic analysis approach, and coded data using MAXQDA 2024.

Results

Droughts and floods disrupted access to energy, water, healthcare, sanitation, and food markets; reduced agricultural productivity; and worsened food insecurity and health, especially for women and children. Planning, coping and recovery strategies were limited, for energy, safe water, and nutritious food. Barriers included a lack of early warning systems, restrictive gender norms, infrastructure challenges, and limited awareness.

Discussion

This study highlighted the impact of droughts and floods on essential services, and the disproportionate burden on women and children. Limited preparedness, coping and recovery strategies existed for energy, water, and food systems. Barriers included resource constraints, limited awareness, and restrictive gender norms. Addressing these challenges requires strengthening early warning systems, expanding access to clean energy and water, promoting adaptive food practices, and integrating gender equity and water-energy-food nexus thinking into community-driven, policy-supported interventions.

背景：气候变化导致的灾害，如干旱和洪水，破坏了对水、粮食和能源系统的获取，对低收入和中等收入国家的弱势群体造成了不成比例的影响。了解当地影响和适应差距可以为提高家庭和社区抵御能力的战略提供信息。目的：本定性研究探讨了肯尼亚五个县干旱和半干旱地区（ASAL）和非ASAL地区的家庭抗旱抗洪能力，检查了当地抗旱实践，确定了对性别的影响，并确定了循证干预措施的机会。方法：我们在Bungoma、Homa Bay、Isiolo、Samburu和Siaya县对男性和女性进行了44次关键信息者访谈和60次焦点小组讨论。我们使用主题分析方法，并使用MAXQDA 2024编码数据。结果：干旱和洪水破坏了能源、水、医疗保健、卫生设施和食品市场的获取；农业生产力下降；粮食不安全和健康状况恶化，尤其是对妇女和儿童而言。在能源、安全饮用水和营养食品方面，规划、应对和恢复策略都是有限的。障碍包括缺乏早期预警系统、限制性的性别规范、基础设施方面的挑战以及意识有限。讨论：这项研究强调了干旱和洪水对基本服务的影响，以及对妇女和儿童的不成比例的负担。能源、水和粮食系统的准备、应对和恢复策略有限。障碍包括资源限制、意识有限和限制性的性别规范。应对这些挑战需要加强预警系统，扩大清洁能源和水的获取，促进适应性粮食做法，并将性别平等和水-能源-粮食关系思想纳入社区驱动和政策支持的干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

Regulatory framework of phthalates and two common alternatives: A review of the European Union legislation 邻苯二甲酸酯和两种常见替代品的监管框架：对欧盟立法的审查。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114704

Lucia Palandri , Marco Monti , Maria Rosaria Scasserra , Camilla Lugli , Marco Fasano , Laura Lucaccioni , Elena Righi

Background

Globalized supply chains make it harder to regulate hazardous chemicals in products. These include some phthalates with reproductive and developmental toxicity that maybe found in a variety of products. The European Union (EU) was among the first economies to implement policies to limit their use, yet vulnerable populations (children, pregnant women) are exposed to restricted phthalates. Phthalates’ regulation varies significantly by product or chemical compound, but literature lacks systematization of current EU legislation.

Methods

We examined EU regulatory framework for 19 major phthalates (DMP, DEP, DPrP, DiPrP, DMOEP, DBP, DiBP, DPeP, DiPeP, BBP, DHxP, DCHP, DHpP, DEHP, DHNUP, DPHP, DnOP, DiNP, DiDP) and 2 substitutes (DINCH, DEHTP). We reviewed official institutional websites and regulatory agencies to assess uses and bans in food contact materials (FCMs), toys and childcare articles, cosmetics, and medical devices.

Results

The European Chemical Agency (ECHA) is the main authority supervising chemical use in the EU and regulates phthalates mainly through the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation. Most reviewed phthalates are severely restricted in FCMs. Phthalates classified as toxic for reproduction are limited in toys and childcare articles above 0.1% by weight; they are banned in cosmetics and restricted in medical devices.

Conclusions

The EU has reduced exposure to phthalates through stringent regulations, effectively protecting newborns and infants. However, gaps remain, as many everyday items may still represent sources of exposure. Ongoing regulatory revisions and international cooperation are essential to ensure safer cross-border commerce and international compliance, to further reduce phthalate exposure and protect public health.

背景：全球化的供应链使得管理产品中的危险化学品变得更加困难。其中包括一些具有生殖和发育毒性的邻苯二甲酸盐，可能在各种产品中发现。欧洲联盟（欧盟）是最早实施限制其使用政策的经济体之一，但弱势群体（儿童、孕妇）暴露于受限制的邻苯二甲酸盐。邻苯二甲酸酯的监管因产品或化合物而异，但文献缺乏当前欧盟立法的系统化。方法：研究了欧盟19种主要邻苯二甲酸酯（DMP、DEP、DPrP、DiPrP、DMOEP、DBP、DiBP、DPeP、DiPeP、BBP、DHxP、DCHP、DHpP、DEHP、DHNUP、DPHP、DnOP、DiNP、DiDP）和2种代用物（DINCH、DEHTP）的监管框架。我们审查了官方机构网站和监管机构，以评估食品接触材料（fcm）、玩具和儿童保育用品、化妆品和医疗器械的使用和禁令。结果：欧洲化学品管理局（ECHA）是欧盟监管化学品使用的主要机构，主要通过化学品注册、评估、授权和限制（REACH）法规对邻苯二甲酸盐进行监管。大多数综述的邻苯二甲酸盐在fcm中受到严格限制。被列为生殖毒性的邻苯二甲酸盐，在玩具及儿童保育用品中，按重量计含量不得超过0.1%；它们在化妆品中被禁止使用，在医疗器械中被限制使用。结论：欧盟通过严格的法规减少了邻苯二甲酸盐的暴露，有效地保护了新生儿和婴儿。然而，差距仍然存在，因为许多日常用品可能仍然是暴露源。正在进行的监管修订和国际合作对于确保更安全的跨境贸易和国际遵守、进一步减少邻苯二甲酸盐接触和保护公众健康至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Determinants of human hair mercury, blood mercury, blood selenium, and plasma omega-3 fatty acid levels within northern Canada 加拿大北部地区人类头发汞、血汞、血硒和血浆omega-3脂肪酸水平的决定因素。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114703

Sara Packull-McCormick , Mylène Ratelle , Mallory Drysdale , Michael M. Borghese , Michèle Bouchard , Ken D. Stark , Mary Gamberg , Heidi Swanson , Kelly Skinner , Brian D. Laird

To address community concerns within northern Canada, human biomonitoring projects measured concentrations of environmental contaminants and nutrients in human biological samples from the Dehcho and Sahtú regions of the Northwest Territories and Old Crow, Yukon. Hair and blood samples were analyzed for total mercury, blood was analyzed for selenium, and plasma was analyzed for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Demographic and dietary characteristics associated with concentrations of these biomarkers, within and between the northern Canadian regions sampled, were assessed.

Spearman correlations between biomarker concentrations were calculated, geometric mean biomarker concentrations were compared across strata of participant characteristics (stratified by region), and associations were further examined in multivariable models. Participant age and consumption of at least one species of fish and waterfowl were associated with mercury (adjusted R² = 0.26 for hair mercury) and EPA + DHA (adjusted R² = 0.33) biomarker concentrations in the final models. Region and consumption of several fish species as well as caribou livers and kidneys were associated with blood selenium concentrations in the final model (adjusted R² = 0.32). Mercury and EPA + DHA biomarker concentrations were moderately/strongly correlated across all three regions (r_s = 0.36 to 0.65) while correlations with selenium were inconsistent (r_s = 0.04 to 0.28). These findings provide information on the demographic/dietary factors that may be associated with mercury, selenium, and EPA + DHA biomarker concentrations in the northern study regions and highlight the need to consider the nutritional benefits of traditional foods while seeking to understand and reduce the risks of contaminant exposure.

为了解决加拿大北部社区关注的问题，人类生物监测项目测量了西北地区Dehcho和Sahtú地区以及育空地区Old Crow的人类生物样本中环境污染物和营养素的浓度。分析头发和血液样本的总汞含量，分析血液中的硒含量，分析血浆中的二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）含量。评估了加拿大北部取样地区内部和之间与这些生物标志物浓度相关的人口统计学和饮食特征。计算了生物标志物浓度之间的Spearman相关性，比较了参与者特征各层（按地区分层）的几何平均生物标志物浓度，并在多变量模型中进一步检验了相关性。在最终模型中，参与者的年龄和至少一种鱼类和水禽的摄入量与汞（毛发汞校正R2 = 0.26）和EPA + DHA（校正R2 = 0.33）生物标志物浓度相关。在最终模型中，地区和食用几种鱼类以及驯鹿肝脏和肾脏与血硒浓度相关（调整后的R2 = 0.32）。汞和EPA + DHA生物标志物浓度在所有三个区域中呈中等/强相关（rs = 0.36 ~ 0.65），而与硒的相关性不一致（rs = 0.04 ~ 0.28）。这些发现提供了北部研究地区可能与汞、硒和EPA + DHA生物标志物浓度相关的人口统计学/饮食因素的信息，并强调了在寻求了解和降低污染物暴露风险的同时考虑传统食品营养益处的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Does peer learning improve local government capacity to improve sanitation? A contribution analysis in rural Mozambique 同侪学习是否能提高地方政府改善卫生设施的能力？莫桑比克农村地区的贡献分析。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114701

Jamie Myers , Énio Tembe , Paul Hutchings , Jamie Bartram , Barbara Evans

Strengthening local government capacity to improve sanitation and other basic services is a challenge in many low resource countries. There is growing interest in peer learning as a mechanism to spread successful practices and increase local government performance in the settings. However, few studies have investigated if peer learning leads to changes in practices and improved results. The study aims to identify and evaluate the causal linkages between peer learning activities and any changes to participants capacity, local government practices and increases in sanitation coverage in rural districts. Contribution Analysis, a theory-based evaluation approach, was used to design a longitudinal study investigating outputs, outcomes and impacts of two peer learning workshops between Open Defecation Free (ODF) Districts and non-ODF Districts in Mozambique alongside the enablers and barriers to change. The research draws on a survey of 66 participants directly after the workshops and 29 semi-structured follow-up interviews nine months later. We found that despite broader structural challenges that hinder progress in sanitation service provision, the workshops enabled the spread of knowledge of good practices (outputs) some of which were replicated (outcomes). There is evidence that these replicated practices accelerated progress towards ODF status (impact) in some districts. We demonstrate that under the right conditions peer learning can nurture local learning, improve knowledge, spread frugal practices and lead to incremental improvements in local government performance. We therefore recommend it be integrated into broader programmes to maximise benefits.

加强地方政府改善环境卫生和其他基本服务的能力是许多资源匮乏国家面临的挑战。人们对同侪学习越来越感兴趣，认为这是一种传播成功实践和提高地方政府绩效的机制。然而，很少有研究调查同伴学习是否会导致实践的改变和结果的改善。该研究旨在确定和评估同伴学习活动与参与者能力、地方政府做法和农村地区卫生设施覆盖率增加的任何变化之间的因果关系。贡献分析是一种基于理论的评估方法，用于设计一项纵向研究，调查莫桑比克无露天排便区和非露天排便区之间两次同伴学习研讨会的产出、结果和影响，以及变革的推动因素和障碍。该研究在研讨会结束后对66名参与者进行了直接调查，并在9个月后对29名参与者进行了半结构化的后续访谈。我们发现，尽管更广泛的结构性挑战阻碍了卫生服务提供的进展，但讲习班使良好做法的知识得以传播（产出），其中一些做法得到了复制（成果）。有证据表明，这些重复的做法加速了在一些地区实现ODF地位（影响）的进展。我们证明，在适当的条件下，同伴学习可以促进地方学习，提高知识，传播节俭做法，并导致地方政府绩效的逐步改善。因此，我们建议将其纳入更广泛的方案，以实现效益最大化。

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引用次数: 0

Metal and dust exposure in workers from the metal recycling industry in Sweden: cross-sectional GreenMetalWaste study 瑞典金属回收行业工人的金属和粉尘暴露：绿色金属废物的横断面研究。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114694

Anja Stajnko , Michael Levi , Malin Engfeldt , Robert Linder , Mats Leeman , Else Åkerberg Krook , Eva Assarsson , Henrik Enquist , Camilla Dahlqvist , Åsa Ek , Karin Lovén , Theo Bodin , Anastasiia Snigireva , Karin Grahn , Maria Kippler , Gunilla Rydenstrand , Evana Amir Taher , Gunilla Runström Eden , Bodil Björ , Helen Bertilsson , Eva Dock

The green transition relies on metals, requiring increased metal recovery from waste. However, exposure risks among metal recycling workers are poorly understood. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess dust and metal exposure among 139 recycling workers from 13 Swedish metal recycling companies and 90 controls. We documented work practices through observations and questionnaires and assessed dust and metal exposures using a combination of individual air sampling (inhalable (ID) and respirable dust) and biomonitoring (blood and pre-/post-shift urine). ICP-MS was used to measure 39 metals in air, 47 in blood, and 42 in urine. Thirty-two % of the workers were involved in the recycling of e-waste. At most workplaces, dust control was insufficient, respiratory protective equipment was rarely or incorrectly used, and hygienic routines were inadequate. This was reflected in 6.2 times higher ID levels in recycling workers; 14 % exceeded the 5 mg/m³ exposure limit for ID, and some also exceeded limits for Pb, Cu, As, Cd, and Sb. Workers had elevated blood and/or urine levels of Pb, Hg, Al, Sb, Fe and Mn with known human toxicity, and of Y, Lu, In, Ga, W, and Te with limited or unknown toxicity. Furthermore, observed were also co-exposure patterns for those metals. Inhalation was the likely primary exposure route for Pb, Sb, Y, In, and Te. In conclusion, Swedish recycling workers were exposed to elevated levels of dust and metals, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring of both known and emerging metals.

绿色转型依赖于金属，需要从废物中增加金属回收。然而，人们对金属回收工人的暴露风险知之甚少。我们进行了一项横断面研究，以评估来自13家瑞典金属回收公司的139名回收工人和90名对照者的粉尘和金属暴露情况。我们通过观察和问卷调查记录了工作实践，并使用个人空气采样（可吸入（ID）和可呼吸粉尘）和生物监测（血液和轮班前/下班后尿液）的组合来评估粉尘和金属暴露。ICP-MS测定了空气中的39种金属、血液中的47种金属和尿液中的42种金属。32%的工人参与了电子垃圾的回收。在大多数工作场所，粉尘控制不足，呼吸防护设备很少使用或不正确使用，卫生规程不足。这反映在回收工人的ID水平高出6.2倍；14%的工人的碘含量超过5毫克/立方米的暴露限值，一些工人的铅、铜、砷、镉和锑含量也超过限值。工人血液和/或尿液中的铅、汞、铝、锑、铁和锰含量升高，具有已知的人体毒性，Y、Lu、In、Ga、W和Te含量升高，毒性有限或未知。此外，还观察到这些金属的共同暴露模式。吸入可能是Pb、Sb、Y、In和Te的主要暴露途径。综上所述，瑞典回收工人接触到的粉尘和金属含量升高，这突出表明需要对已知金属和新出现的金属进行持续监测。

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引用次数: 0

Racial differences in the associations between prenatal exposure to environmental phenol mixtures and preterm birth 产前暴露于环境苯酚混合物与早产之间的种族差异。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114700

Michael S. Bloom , Meghana Varde , Roy R. Gerona , Karina Ky , Radek Abarca , Victor Y. Fujimoto , Roger B. Newman

We conducted a prospective study of differences in the associations between prenatal urinary environmental phenols (EPs) and preterm birth (PTB) among non-Hispanic white (NHW, n = 153) and non-Hispanic Black (n = 139) mothers. Pregnant participants provided a urine sample between 18 and 22 weeks gestation and self-reported race and ethnicity. We determined urinary levels of methyl- (MePb), ethyl-, propyl-, and butyl parabens, benzophenones 1 (BP-1) and 3, triclosan (TCS), and bisphenols A and S (BPS) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Dose-response associations were characterized between the mixture of urinary EPs and PTB using Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), adjusted for covariates. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between individual EPs, log-transformed and scaled to the interquartile range, as predictors of PTB. We found a non-linear association between the mixture of urinary EPs and PTB using BKMR; a higher probability of PTB was associated with the 60th to 80th percentiles of a urinary EPs mixture relative to the 50th percentile among NHB participants, but not NHW participants. BP-3 and TCS were the most important mixture components. In contrast, higher urinary BP-1 (odds ratio (OR) = 0.62; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.38–1.01) and BPS (OR = 0.09; 95 %CI: 0.03–0.25), considered as individual predictors, were associated with lower odds of PTB, and the associations for urinary MePb and PTB differed among NHB (OR = 0.53; 95 %CI: 0.25–1.16) and NHW (OR = 0.97; 95 %CI: 0.66–1.42). Our results suggest that prenatal exposure to a mixture of EPs was associated with a higher risk of PTB among NHB participants, but not for individual EPs.

我们对非西班牙裔白人（NHW, n = 153）和非西班牙裔黑人（n = 139）母亲产前尿环境酚（EPs）与早产（PTB）之间相关性的差异进行了一项前瞻性研究。怀孕的参与者提供了怀孕18至22周的尿液样本，并自我报告了种族和民族。我们使用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定了尿中甲基- (MePb)、乙基-、丙基-和丁基对羟基苯甲酸酯、二苯甲酮1 （BP-1）和3、三氯生（TCS）和双酚A和S （BPS）的水平。使用贝叶斯核机回归（BKMR）对尿EPs和PTB混合物的剂量-反应相关性进行了表征，并对协变量进行了调整。使用逻辑回归来估计个体EPs之间的关联，对数转换和缩放到四分位数范围，作为PTB的预测因子。我们通过BKMR发现尿EPs与PTB的混合呈非线性关联；在NHB参与者中，尿EPs混合物的第60至80百分位数与第50百分位数相比，PTB的可能性更高，但在NHW参与者中则没有。BP-3和TCS是最重要的混合成分。相比之下，较高的尿BP-1(优势比(OR) = 0.62；95%可信区间（CI）： 0.38-1.01)和BPS （OR = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.03-0.25）被认为是个体预测因子，与PTB的发生率较低相关，并且尿MePb和PTB的相关性在NHB （OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.25-1.16）和NHW （OR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.66-1.42）之间存在差异。我们的研究结果表明，产前暴露于EPs混合物与NHB参与者中PTB的高风险相关，但与个体EPs无关。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of anthropogenic inputs on microbial risks and resistance genes in a riverine environment 人为输入对河流环境中微生物风险和抗性基因的影响。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114699

Guadalupe Ortiz-López , Ayixon Sánchez-Reyes , Alexis Téllez-Galván , Víctor H. Bustamante , Luz Breton-Deval

Rivers face significant anthropogenic pressures due to diverse water discharges, which alter microbial community structures and may facilitate the dissemination of potentially pathogenic microorganisms and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). This study used metagenomic analysis to characterize microbial and viral communities, determine antibiotic resistance profiles, and evaluate potential public health risks associated with different discharges sources. Water samples were collected from agricultural, hospital, untreated domestic wastewater, treated wastewater, and environmental inputs. Results revealed that hospital wastewater (HW) had microbial genera associated with the wastewater treatment plant; however, we were able to isolate a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella aerogenes, Enterobacter spp. and Staphylococcus spp. Untreated domestic wastewater (UW) was dominated by species such as Arcobacter cryaerophilus, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter lwoffii, while treated wastewater (TW) showed the presence of Arcobacter cryaerophilus, Aeromonas caviae, Prevotella copri, Arcobacter butzleri, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas stutzeri. Regarding ARGs, HW contributed significantly to ARGs diversity, particularly genes conferring resistance to critical antibiotics such as meropenem and vancomycin. TW exhibits the highest ARG diversity, including genes for broad-spectrum resistance to aminoglycosides, penicillins, and cephalosporins, suggesting cumulative contamination from multiple sources. These findings emphasize the importance of advancing efforts to tackle this challenge in wastewater treatment practices and stricter regulations to mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance and pathogenic microorganisms in aquatic environments.

由于不同的水排放，河流面临着巨大的人为压力，这改变了微生物群落结构，并可能促进潜在病原微生物和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的传播。本研究使用宏基因组分析来表征微生物和病毒群落，确定抗生素耐药性概况，并评估与不同排放源相关的潜在公共卫生风险。从农业、医院、未经处理的生活废水、处理过的废水和环境投入物中收集水样。结果表明：医院污水（HW）中存在与污水处理厂相关的微生物属；未经处理的生活污水（UW）中以嗜冷弧菌、约氏不动杆菌、大肠杆菌和伊氏不动杆菌为主，而处理后的生活污水（TW）中则存在嗜冷弧菌、鱼子鱼气单胞菌、copri普雷沃氏菌、butzleri弧菌、约氏不动杆菌、大肠杆菌和stutzeri假单胞菌。就ARGs而言，HW对ARGs的多样性有显著贡献，特别是对美罗培南和万古霉素等关键抗生素产生耐药性的基因。TW表现出最高的ARG多样性，包括对氨基糖苷类、青霉素类和头孢菌素的广谱耐药基因，表明来自多种来源的累积污染。这些发现强调了在废水处理实践中推进应对这一挑战的重要性，并强调了更严格的法规以减轻抗生素耐药性和水生环境中病原微生物的传播。

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引用次数: 0

Estimating the half-life of Ethylenethiourea from the urine of garlic farmers in northern Thailand: Characterizing the optimal window for biomonitoring to improve exposure assessment 估计泰国北部大蒜农民尿液中乙烯乙硫脲的半衰期：表征生物监测改善暴露评估的最佳窗口。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114696

Navin Martin , Kanittharin Tipubon , Yutti Amornlertwatana , Rangsan Watcharakawin , Gabrielle Hines , Grace E. Lee , Priya E. D'Souza , Volha Yakimavets , P. Barry Ryan , Dana Boyd Barr , Churdsak Jaikang , Parinya Panuwet

Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates (EBDCs) such as maneb and mancozeb are a widely used class of fungicides essential to the protection of economically valuable crops and are believed to pose significant health risks to farmworkers. Ethylenethiourea (ETU) is a reliable biomarker of exposure to EBDC; however, currently information on the biological half-life of ETU is sparse, which has led to potential misclassification in exposure assessment. In this study, we address these limitations by evaluating the excretion profile and urinary half-life of ETU in farmworkers who applied EBDC fungicides during garlic cultivation in northern Thailand. Eleven farmers were recruited to participate in this study. Each participant was asked to self-collect their urine immediately after fungicide application and up to 28 h post-application. The participants provided 5–10 samples for subsequent analysis of ETU using solid-supported liquid extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed a mean ETU half-life of 7.9 h (95 % CI: 3.7–12.1 h) using unadjusted ETU concentrations and 16.1 h (95 % CI: 10.6–21.5 h) using creatinine-corrected ETU concentrations. Based on the observed range of T_max values, we proposed an optimal time window of 3–16 h for use in biomonitoring, allowing for more accurate EBDC exposure estimates. The findings of this study provide important data that may improve exposure assessment of farmworkers exposed to EBDCs via biomonitoring of urinary ETU concentrations, ultimately informing more effective public health policies and interventions in agricultural safety.

乙二硫代氨基甲酸乙酯（ebdc），如马锰和代森锰锌，是广泛使用的一类杀菌剂，对保护具有经济价值的作物至关重要，据信对农场工人的健康构成重大风险。乙烯硫脲（ETU）是EBDC暴露的可靠生物标志物；然而，目前关于ETU生物半衰期的信息很少，这可能导致暴露评估中的错误分类。在这项研究中，我们通过评估在泰国北部种植大蒜期间使用EBDC杀菌剂的农场工人的排泄概况和尿中ETU的半衰期来解决这些局限性。本研究共招募了11位农民。每位参与者被要求在施用杀菌剂后立即和施用后28小时自行收集尿液。参与者提供了5-10份样品，用于后续使用固支液萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法分析ETU。结果显示，未调整ETU浓度时，ETU的平均半衰期为7.9 h (95% CI: 3.7-12.1 h)；使用肌酐校正后的ETU浓度时，平均半衰期为16.1 h （95% CI: 10.6-21.5 h）。根据观察到的Tmax值范围，我们提出了用于生物监测的最佳时间窗口为3-16小时，从而可以更准确地估计EBDC暴露。本研究的发现提供了重要的数据，可以通过对尿液中ETU浓度的生物监测来改进对暴露于ebdc的农场工人的暴露评估，最终为更有效的公共卫生政策和农业安全干预提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Bioaerosols from outdoor wastewater treatment facilities: dispersal behavior, exposure risks and protection strategies 来自室外污水处理设施的生物气溶胶：扩散行为、暴露风险和保护策略。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114702

Jingyun Ge , Tong Gao , Huili Li , Zhongcai Lun , Changren Yan , Caixia Li , Yanjie Wang , Lin Li

Bioaerosols released into the atmosphere from wastewater treatment processes can contaminate the surrounding air environment and threaten the health of people living in the vicinity of wastewater treatment plant. Bioaerosols had migratory properties and are easily diffused and spread in the air. This paper investigated the escape characteristics of bioaerosols from outdoor wastewater treatment facilities, simulated their dispersion using Gaussian plume model, and assessed the risk of exposure via the inhalation route. The results showed that the fugitive concentrations of airborne bacterial aerosols range from 58 to 1218 CFU/m³ and fungal aerosols range from 0 to 79 CFU/m³. Bacterial aerosols showed seasonal variations with high concentration in autumn and low value in winter. Coarse particle (>2.1 μm) dominated the bioaerosols detected, accounting for more than 70 % of all detections. The concentration of bioaerosols accumulated to the highest level within a range of 90 m. After that, it decreased as the diffusion distance increases. When the diffusion distance reached 3,000 m, the concentrations of both bacterial aerosols and fungal aerosols were lower than 5 CFU/m³. The exposure risk of bioaerosols was the highest within a range of 100 m, with the HQ ranging from 0.000 to 0.104. As the diffusion distance increases, the exposure risk was lower than 0.02 at a distance of 500 m, and it drops to as low as 0.001 at a distance of 3000 m. The non-carcinogenic health risk of bioaerosols from wastewater treatment facilities to workers operating wastewater treatment plants and neighboring residents was low and negligible.

废水处理过程释放到大气中的生物气溶胶会污染周围的空气环境，威胁污水处理厂附近居民的健康。生物气溶胶具有迁移特性，极易在空气中扩散扩散。研究了室外污水处理设施中生物气溶胶的逸出特性，采用高斯羽流模型模拟了生物气溶胶的扩散，并评估了吸入途径的暴露风险。结果表明，空气中细菌气溶胶的逸散浓度为58 ~ 1218 CFU/m3，真菌气溶胶的逸散浓度为0 ~ 79 CFU/m3。细菌气溶胶呈秋季浓度高、冬季浓度低的季节变化特征。粗颗粒（>2.1 μm）占检测总量的70%以上；生物气溶胶浓度在90 m范围内累积到最高水平。之后随着扩散距离的增加而减小。当扩散距离达到3000 m时，细菌气溶胶和真菌气溶胶的浓度均低于5 CFU/m3。生物气溶胶的暴露风险在100 m范围内最高，HQ值在0.000 ~ 0.104之间。随着扩散距离的增加，在500 m距离处暴露风险小于0.02，在3000 m距离处暴露风险降至0.001。来自污水处理设施的生物气溶胶对污水处理厂的工人和邻近居民的非致癌健康风险很低，可以忽略不计。

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引用次数: 0