Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114429
Federico Andrade-Rivas , Arnold Ikedichi Okpani , Diego I. Lucumí , Maria D. Castillo , Mohammad Ehsanul Karim
Purpose
Household air pollution is one of the leading causes of death and disease globally. Emerging evidence of elevated risk of neonatal death has been reported in Africa and South Asia. However, evidence on the extent of the problem in Latin America is limited despite the persistent use of highly polluting cooking fuels. We assessed whether the use of high-polluting household cooking fuels increases the risk of neonatal death compared to low-polluting fuels in Colombia.
Methods
We used cross-sectional data from the 2005–2015 Colombian Demographic Health Survey and performed a survey-featured multivariate logistic regression. We selected adjustment covariates based on a causal diagram, addressed missing data through multiple imputation, and conducted several sensitivity analysis, such as propensity score matching.
Result
We found evidence suggesting an increased risk of neonatal death in households using high-polluting fuels (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 0.91, 2.39). The sensitivity analyses were consistent with the main analysis.
Conclusion
We observed increased odds of neonatal death associated with using high-polluting household cooking fuels compared to low-polluting fuels, although this association was not statistically significant. This study contributes evidence to a region where the issue is not yet a priority and should be included in national-level discussions and interventions that impact cooking fuel use patterns.
{"title":"Epidemiological insights into neonatal deaths: The role of cooking fuel pollution in Colombia","authors":"Federico Andrade-Rivas , Arnold Ikedichi Okpani , Diego I. Lucumí , Maria D. Castillo , Mohammad Ehsanul Karim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Household air pollution is one of the leading causes of death and disease globally. Emerging evidence of elevated risk of neonatal death has been reported in Africa and South Asia. However, evidence on the extent of the problem in Latin America is limited despite the persistent use of highly polluting cooking fuels. We assessed whether the use of high-polluting household cooking fuels increases the risk of neonatal death compared to low-polluting fuels in Colombia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used cross-sectional data from the 2005–2015 Colombian Demographic Health Survey and performed a survey-featured multivariate logistic regression. We selected adjustment covariates based on a causal diagram, addressed missing data through multiple imputation, and conducted several sensitivity analysis, such as propensity score matching.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>We found evidence suggesting an increased risk of neonatal death in households using high-polluting fuels (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 0.91, 2.39). The sensitivity analyses were consistent with the main analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We observed increased odds of neonatal death associated with using high-polluting household cooking fuels compared to low-polluting fuels, although this association was not statistically significant. This study contributes evidence to a region where the issue is not yet a priority and should be included in national-level discussions and interventions that impact cooking fuel use patterns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 114429"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S143846392400110X/pdfft?md5=9a658a4fe051c393a8e2b177baaf2d64&pid=1-s2.0-S143846392400110X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114428
R. Di Staso , D. Wollschläger , M. Blettner , E. Gianicolo
Background
On September 1976, due to the explosion of an ammonia-washing column at the petrochemical plant in Manfredonia (Italy), 39 tonnes of arsenic were released into the atmosphere, contaminating the plants and the neighbourhoods close to it. The aim of this study is to present the results of a 45-year follow up of exposed workers with a focus on residential exposure.
Methods
We contacted Italian General Registries Offices and updated the vital status of persons involved in the clean-up activities following the disaster. The outcome of interest was the overall and cause-specific mortality. An accelerated failure time (AFT) approach was used when appropriate to model the risk of mortality.
Results
1772 workers contributing 67,743 person years were considered in the analysis. For overall mortality, results of the age-adjusted AFT model show an accelerator factor of 0.89 (95%CI 0.80–0.99) among contract workers, which means a shortening of survival in comparison to the reference category (plastic area workers). When accounting for latency greater than 20 years, higher mortality rates for lung cancer were observed among workers residing in Manfredonia.
Discussion
An increased risk of mortality among workers who were more exposed to arsenic during the clean-up activities has been observed. In fact, a loss of 5 years of life among more exposed workers was calculated. Furthermore, the mortality rates of residents in Manfredonia were higher than those of workers residing elsewhere.
{"title":"Mortality risk associated to arsenic exposure after a major disaster. Results from the Manfredonia occupational cohort study 1976–2021","authors":"R. Di Staso , D. Wollschläger , M. Blettner , E. Gianicolo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>On September 1976, due to the explosion of an ammonia-washing column at the petrochemical plant in Manfredonia (Italy), 39 tonnes of arsenic were released into the atmosphere, contaminating the plants and the neighbourhoods close to it. The aim of this study is to present the results of a 45-year follow up of exposed workers with a focus on residential exposure.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We contacted Italian General Registries Offices and updated the vital status of persons involved in the clean-up activities following the disaster. The outcome of interest was the overall and cause-specific mortality. An accelerated failure time (AFT) approach was used when appropriate to model the risk of mortality.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>1772 workers contributing 67,743 person years were considered in the analysis. For overall mortality, results of the age-adjusted AFT model show an accelerator factor of 0.89 (95%CI 0.80–0.99) among contract workers, which means a shortening of survival in comparison to the reference category (plastic area workers). When accounting for latency greater than 20 years, higher mortality rates for lung cancer were observed among workers residing in Manfredonia.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>An increased risk of mortality among workers who were more exposed to arsenic during the clean-up activities has been observed. In fact, a loss of 5 years of life among more exposed workers was calculated. Furthermore, the mortality rates of residents in Manfredonia were higher than those of workers residing elsewhere.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 114428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463924001093/pdfft?md5=00da5237136ef1c1406f4c44c862133e&pid=1-s2.0-S1438463924001093-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141736589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114423
Damian Rolbiecki , Łukasz Paukszto , Katarzyna Krawczyk , Ewa Korzeniewska , Jakub Sawicki , Monika Harnisz
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem that gives serious cause for concern. Hospital wastewater (HWW) is an important link between the clinical setting and the natural environment, and an escape route for pathogens that cause hospital infections, including urinary tract infections (UTI). Bacteria of the genera Escherichia and Klebsiella are common etiological factors of UTI, especially in children, and they can cause short-term infections, as well as chronic conditions. ESBL-producing Escherichia and Klebsiella have also emerged as potential indicators for estimating the burden of antimicrobial resistance under environmental conditions and the spread of AMR between clinical settings and the natural environment. In this study, whole-genome sequencing and the nanopore technology were used to analyze the complete genomes of ESBL-producing E.coli and Klebsiella spp. and the HWW metagenome, and to characterize the mechanisms of AMR. The similarities and differences in the encoded mechanisms of AMR in clinical isolates (causing UTI) and environmental strains (isolated from HWW and the HWW metagenome) were analyzed. Special attention was paid to the genetic context and the mobility of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to determine the common sources and potential transmission of these genes. The results of this study suggest that the spread of drug resistance from healthcare facilities via HWW is not limited to the direct transmission of resistant clonal lines that are typically found in the clinical setting, but it also involves the indirect transfer of mobile elements carrying ARGs between bacteria colonizing various environments. Hospital wastewater could offer a supportive environment for plasmid evolution through the insertion of new ARGs, including typical chromosomal regions. These results indicate that interlined environments (hospital patients – HWW) should be closely monitored to evaluate the potential transmission routes of drug resistance in bacteria.
抗菌药耐药性(AMR)是一个令人严重关切的全球性问题。医院废水(HWW)是连接临床环境和自然环境的重要纽带,也是导致医院感染(包括尿路感染)的病原体的逃逸通道。埃希氏菌属和克雷伯氏菌属细菌是尿路感染(尤其是儿童尿路感染)的常见病原体,它们既可引起短期感染,也可导致慢性病。产 ESBL 的埃希氏菌和克雷伯氏菌也已成为估计环境条件下抗菌药耐药性负担以及 AMR 在临床环境和自然环境之间传播的潜在指标。本研究采用全基因组测序和纳米孔技术分析了产ESBL大肠杆菌和克雷伯氏菌的全基因组以及HWW元基因组,并对AMR的机制进行了描述。分析了临床分离菌株(导致UTI)和环境菌株(从HWW和HWW元基因组中分离)AMR编码机制的异同。研究特别关注了抗生素耐药基因(ARGs)的遗传背景和流动性,以确定这些基因的共同来源和潜在传播途径。这项研究的结果表明,耐药性通过医院污水从医疗机构传播并不局限于通常在临床环境中发现的耐药性克隆菌株的直接传播,它还涉及携带 ARGs 的移动元素在定植于各种环境的细菌之间的间接转移。医院废水可通过插入新的 ARGs(包括典型的染色体区域)为质粒进化提供支持性环境。这些结果表明,应密切监测交错环境(医院病人-HWW),以评估细菌耐药性的潜在传播途径。
{"title":"Genomic and metagenomic analysis reveals shared resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolated from hospital patients and hospital wastewater at intra- and inter-genus level","authors":"Damian Rolbiecki , Łukasz Paukszto , Katarzyna Krawczyk , Ewa Korzeniewska , Jakub Sawicki , Monika Harnisz","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem that gives serious cause for concern. Hospital wastewater (HWW) is an important link between the clinical setting and the natural environment, and an escape route for pathogens that cause hospital infections, including urinary tract infections (UTI). Bacteria of the genera <em>Escherichia</em> and <em>Klebsiella</em> are common etiological factors of UTI, especially in children, and they can cause short-term infections, as well as chronic conditions. ESBL-producing <em>Escherichia</em> and <em>Klebsiella</em> have also emerged as potential indicators for estimating the burden of antimicrobial resistance under environmental conditions and the spread of AMR between clinical settings and the natural environment. In this study, whole-genome sequencing and the nanopore technology were used to analyze the complete genomes of ESBL-producing <em>E.</em> <em>coli</em> and <em>Klebsiella</em> spp. and the HWW metagenome, and to characterize the mechanisms of AMR. The similarities and differences in the encoded mechanisms of AMR in clinical isolates (causing UTI) and environmental strains (isolated from HWW and the HWW metagenome) were analyzed. Special attention was paid to the genetic context and the mobility of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to determine the common sources and potential transmission of these genes. The results of this study suggest that the spread of drug resistance from healthcare facilities via HWW is not limited to the direct transmission of resistant clonal lines that are typically found in the clinical setting, but it also involves the indirect transfer of mobile elements carrying ARGs between bacteria colonizing various environments. Hospital wastewater could offer a supportive environment for plasmid evolution through the insertion of new ARGs, including typical chromosomal regions. These results indicate that interlined environments (hospital patients – HWW) should be closely monitored to evaluate the potential transmission routes of drug resistance in bacteria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 114423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141736588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114427
Seung Min Chung , Kyun Hoo Kim , Jun Sung Moon , Kyu Chang Won
Aim
To explore the effect of mixed exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on metabolic syndrome (MetS).
Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey Cycle 4 (2018–2020). The serum concentrations of five PFAS (perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA], perfluorooctanesulfonic acid [PFOS], perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, perfluorononanoic acid [PFNA], and perfluorodecanoic acid [PFDeA]) were measured, and the relative potency factor approach was employed for the mixture of PFAS (Cmix) assessment. MetS was diagnosed if the patient satisfied three of five criteria: central obesity, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure (BP), and elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Age, sex, smoking, drinking, and exercise status were considered as covariates. The risk of MetS for single and mixed exposure to PFAS was analyzed using binomial regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR).
Results
A total of 2984 (male:female = 1:1.3; age range, 19–80 years) adults were enrolled. The prevalence of MetS was 45.6%. Each PFAS and Cmix levels were higher in participants with MetS than in those without MetS. Cmix increased the risk of elevated BP and HbA1c, and eventually MetS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–3.60 per log10Cmix; OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.07–2.31 in the highest quartile of Cmix [Q4] vs. the lowest [Q1]). Sex-specific analyses revealed that the impact of Cmix was valid in females but not in males (Cmix Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.57–1.8 in males; OR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.38–3.84 in females). In the BKMR analysis, mixed exposure to PFAS dose-dependently increased the risk of MetS, particularly in females. Among single exposures, PFNA contributed significantly to the cumulative effect.
Conclusion
Mixed exposure to PFAS was associated with a higher risk of MetS in females. Further studies on potential health concerns associated with PFAS mixtures are warranted.
{"title":"Association between mixed exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: Data from the Korean National environmental health survey cycle 4","authors":"Seung Min Chung , Kyun Hoo Kim , Jun Sung Moon , Kyu Chang Won","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>To explore the effect of mixed exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on metabolic syndrome (MetS).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study used data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey Cycle 4 (2018–2020). The serum concentrations of five PFAS (perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA], perfluorooctanesulfonic acid [PFOS], perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, perfluorononanoic acid [PFNA], and perfluorodecanoic acid [PFDeA]) were measured, and the relative potency factor approach was employed for the mixture of PFAS (Cmix) assessment. MetS was diagnosed if the patient satisfied three of five criteria: central obesity, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure (BP), and elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Age, sex, smoking, drinking, and exercise status were considered as covariates. The risk of MetS for single and mixed exposure to PFAS was analyzed using binomial regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 2984 (male:female = 1:1.3; age range, 19–80 years) adults were enrolled. The prevalence of MetS was 45.6%. Each PFAS and Cmix levels were higher in participants with MetS than in those without MetS. Cmix increased the risk of elevated BP and HbA1c, and eventually MetS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–3.60 per log<sub>10</sub>Cmix; OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.07–2.31 in the highest quartile of Cmix [Q4] vs. the lowest [Q1]). Sex-specific analyses revealed that the impact of Cmix was valid in females but not in males (Cmix Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.57–1.8 in males; OR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.38–3.84 in females). In the BKMR analysis, mixed exposure to PFAS dose-dependently increased the risk of MetS, particularly in females. Among single exposures, PFNA contributed significantly to the cumulative effect.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Mixed exposure to PFAS was associated with a higher risk of MetS in females. Further studies on potential health concerns associated with PFAS mixtures are warranted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 114427"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141729506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114424
Sijie Yang , Yaping Li , Mingye Zhang , Qitong Xu , Chang Xie , Zhengce Wan , Lulu Song , Yongman Lv , Youjie Wang , Hui Chen , Surong Mei
Exposure to environmental contaminants and the development of hypertension and diabetes represent crucial risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Toxicological studies have revealed that organophosphate esters (OPEs) impair kidney function. However, the joint effects of OPE exposure on kidney injury and the interactions of OPE exposure with hypertension or diabetes on kidney injury remain unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the individual and joint effects of OPE exposure on renal injury, as well as the potential interaction between OPE exposure and hypertension or diabetes on kidney injury. The study enrolled 1938 participants from Wuhan, China. To explore the relationship between OPE exposure and renal injury, we conducted multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that each unit increase in 4-hydroxyphenyl diphenyl phosphate (4-HO-DPHP), bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP), and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) (1 μg/L-ln transformed) was associated with a decreased 0.57 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95%CI: -1.05, −0.09), 0.85 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95%CI: -1.52, −0.19) and 1.24 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95%CI: -2.26, −0.23) of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while each unit increase in 4-HO-DPHP and BBOEP (1 μg/L-ln transformed) was associated with 14% and 20% elevation of incident impaired renal function (IRF) risk. Notably the highest tertile of BCIPHIPP was positively associated with eGFR, although the p for trend > 0.05. We employed Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quartile-based g-computation (qgcomp) models to explore the joint effects of OPE mixtures on eGFR and IRF. Both the results of BKMR and qgcomp model consistently demonstrated negative associations between OPE mixtures and eGFR, and TCEP and 4-HO-DPHP were major contributors. Furthermore, we observed multiplicative interactions of diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), BBOEP, di-ocresyl phosphate (DoCP) & di-p-cresyl phosphate (DpCP), 1-hydroxy-2-propyl bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPHIPP) and hypertension or diabetes on kidney injury (all P<0.05). Those with diabetes or hypertension and higher OPE metabolite concentrations had increased risk of kidney function impairment compared to those who did not have diabetes or hypertension. These findings suggest that specific OPE exposure may elevate the risk of renal injury, particularly among hypertensive and diabetic populations.
{"title":"Individual and joint effects of organophosphate esters and hypertension or diabetes on renal injury among Chinese adults","authors":"Sijie Yang , Yaping Li , Mingye Zhang , Qitong Xu , Chang Xie , Zhengce Wan , Lulu Song , Yongman Lv , Youjie Wang , Hui Chen , Surong Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exposure to environmental contaminants and the development of hypertension and diabetes represent crucial risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Toxicological studies have revealed that organophosphate esters (OPEs) impair kidney function. However, the joint effects of OPE exposure on kidney injury and the interactions of OPE exposure with hypertension or diabetes on kidney injury remain unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the individual and joint effects of OPE exposure on renal injury, as well as the potential interaction between OPE exposure and hypertension or diabetes on kidney injury. The study enrolled 1938 participants from Wuhan, China. To explore the relationship between OPE exposure and renal injury, we conducted multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that each unit increase in 4-hydroxyphenyl diphenyl phosphate (4-HO-DPHP), bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP), and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) (1 μg/L-ln transformed) was associated with a decreased 0.57 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> (95%CI: -1.05, −0.09), 0.85 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> (95%CI: -1.52, −0.19) and 1.24 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> (95%CI: -2.26, −0.23) of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while each unit increase in 4-HO-DPHP and BBOEP (1 μg/L-ln transformed) was associated with 14% and 20% elevation of incident impaired renal function (IRF) risk. Notably the highest tertile of BCIPHIPP was positively associated with eGFR, although the p for trend > 0.05. We employed Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quartile-based g-computation (qgcomp) models to explore the joint effects of OPE mixtures on eGFR and IRF. Both the results of BKMR and qgcomp model consistently demonstrated negative associations between OPE mixtures and eGFR, and TCEP and 4-HO-DPHP were major contributors. Furthermore, we observed multiplicative interactions of diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), BBOEP, di-ocresyl phosphate (DoCP) & di-p-cresyl phosphate (DpCP), 1-hydroxy-2-propyl bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPHIPP) and hypertension or diabetes on kidney injury (all <em>P</em><0.05). Those with diabetes or hypertension and higher OPE metabolite concentrations had increased risk of kidney function impairment compared to those who did not have diabetes or hypertension. These findings suggest that specific OPE exposure may elevate the risk of renal injury, particularly among hypertensive and diabetic populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 114424"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141629775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div><p>Phthalate esters (PAEs) possess endocrine-disrupting properties. Studies in humans have indicated that <em>in utero</em> phthalate exposure affects maternal thyroid hormones, which are essential for fetal growth and development. However, these studies also reported inconsistent results on the relationship between phthalates and thyroid hormones. This prospective cohort study aimed to assess phthalate exposure across the three trimesters of pregnancy and its association with thyroid hormone levels. From 2019 to 2022, we recruited 672 pregnant women, and two urine samples and one blood sample were collected from each participant during the pregnancy. We examined the urine samples from 663, 335, and 294 women in the first, second, and third trimester, respectively, for the following seven phthalate metabolites: monoethyl phthalate (MEP) from diethyl phthalate (DEP); mono-n-butyl phthalate (M<em>n</em>BP) and mono-iso-butyl phthalate (M<em>i</em>BP) from dibutyl phthalate (DBP); monobenzyl phthalate (MB<em>z</em>P) from butyl benzyl phthalate; and three di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP). Additionally, we examined the levels of free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and total triiodothyronine (TT3) in the serum samples of the following participants: 596, 627, and 576 in the first trimester; 292, 293, and 282 in the second trimester; and 250, 250, and 248 in the third trimester, respectively. Other than MBzP, which was detected in 25%–33% of the samples, other metabolites were detectable in >86% of urine samples, indicating widespread exposure to DEP, DBP, and DEHP. The detected phthalate exposure levels in our cohort were significantly higher than those reported in other countries. Metabolite levels varied across the trimesters, implying changes in exposure and metabolism throughout pregnancy. The observed variability in urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites, which ranged from poor to moderate, underscores the importance of taking multiple measurements during pregnancy for precise exposure assessment. Using a linear mixed model, we analyzed the effects of repeated phthalate exposure on thyroid hormone levels while adjusting for potential confounders. We observed significant linear trends in FT4, TSH, and, to a lesser extent, TT3 across quartiles of specific phthalate metabolites. Comparing the highest to the lowest quartiles, we found a significant increase in FT4 levels, ranging from 2 to 3.7%, associated with MEP; MECPP; MEHHP; and the sum of seven metabolites (∑<sub>7</sub>PAE), three DEHP metabolites (∑<sub>3</sub>DEHP), two DBP metabolites (∑DBP), and both low molecular weight (∑LMW) and high molecular weight metabolites. Increased TSH levels (5%–16%) were observed for all phthalate metabolites (except MEHHP) and their molar sums, including ∑<sub>7</s
{"title":"Phthalate exposure during pregnancy and its association with thyroid hormones: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Iman Al-Saleh , Rola Elkhatib , Reem Alghamdi , Nujud Alrushud , Hissah Alnuwaysir , Maha Alnemer , Hesham Aldhalaan , Mohamed Shoukri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phthalate esters (PAEs) possess endocrine-disrupting properties. Studies in humans have indicated that <em>in utero</em> phthalate exposure affects maternal thyroid hormones, which are essential for fetal growth and development. However, these studies also reported inconsistent results on the relationship between phthalates and thyroid hormones. This prospective cohort study aimed to assess phthalate exposure across the three trimesters of pregnancy and its association with thyroid hormone levels. From 2019 to 2022, we recruited 672 pregnant women, and two urine samples and one blood sample were collected from each participant during the pregnancy. We examined the urine samples from 663, 335, and 294 women in the first, second, and third trimester, respectively, for the following seven phthalate metabolites: monoethyl phthalate (MEP) from diethyl phthalate (DEP); mono-n-butyl phthalate (M<em>n</em>BP) and mono-iso-butyl phthalate (M<em>i</em>BP) from dibutyl phthalate (DBP); monobenzyl phthalate (MB<em>z</em>P) from butyl benzyl phthalate; and three di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP). Additionally, we examined the levels of free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and total triiodothyronine (TT3) in the serum samples of the following participants: 596, 627, and 576 in the first trimester; 292, 293, and 282 in the second trimester; and 250, 250, and 248 in the third trimester, respectively. Other than MBzP, which was detected in 25%–33% of the samples, other metabolites were detectable in >86% of urine samples, indicating widespread exposure to DEP, DBP, and DEHP. The detected phthalate exposure levels in our cohort were significantly higher than those reported in other countries. Metabolite levels varied across the trimesters, implying changes in exposure and metabolism throughout pregnancy. The observed variability in urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites, which ranged from poor to moderate, underscores the importance of taking multiple measurements during pregnancy for precise exposure assessment. Using a linear mixed model, we analyzed the effects of repeated phthalate exposure on thyroid hormone levels while adjusting for potential confounders. We observed significant linear trends in FT4, TSH, and, to a lesser extent, TT3 across quartiles of specific phthalate metabolites. Comparing the highest to the lowest quartiles, we found a significant increase in FT4 levels, ranging from 2 to 3.7%, associated with MEP; MECPP; MEHHP; and the sum of seven metabolites (∑<sub>7</sub>PAE), three DEHP metabolites (∑<sub>3</sub>DEHP), two DBP metabolites (∑DBP), and both low molecular weight (∑LMW) and high molecular weight metabolites. Increased TSH levels (5%–16%) were observed for all phthalate metabolites (except MEHHP) and their molar sums, including ∑<sub>7</s","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 114421"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463924001020/pdfft?md5=c4e404d1559741baa0d58ea05bfb9af3&pid=1-s2.0-S1438463924001020-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Strong experimental evidence exists that several endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have neurobehavioral toxicity. However, evidence of associations between prenatal exposure and child's cognitive development is inconsistent. Moreover, toxicants are generally analyzed one by one without considering aggregate effects. We examined here the impact of a prenatal exposure to a mixture of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on intellectual abilities in preschool children, and compared their effects to those described in the literature.
Methods
Sixty-two children were included in a longitudinal cohort. Four organochlorine pesticides, four polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and seven perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were measured in cord blood. Intellectual abilities were assessed at 6 years of age using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence 4th ed. (WPPSI-IV). We examined the associations between a mixture of POPs and cognitive performances using principal components approach (PCA) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression taking sex difference into account.
Results
No negative correlation was found when analyses were performed on boys and girls together. In sex-stratified analyses, lower scores in full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) and fluid reasoning index (FRI) were observed in boys most exposed to a mixture of POPs. Increase of the WQS index was also associated with lower verbal comprehension index (VCI) scores in girls only. No other negative correlation was found using both WQS and PCA models.
Conclusion
Our study suggests deleterious associations between antenatal exposure to a mixture of POPs and sex-specific cognitive level, clarifying some trends described in the literature.
{"title":"Impact of antenatal exposure to a mixture of persistent organic pollutants on intellectual development","authors":"Christophe Barrea , Patrice Dufour , Pirard Catherine , Corinne Charlier , Fanny Brevers , Laurence Rousselle , Anne-Simone Parent","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Strong experimental evidence exists that several endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have neurobehavioral toxicity. However, evidence of associations between prenatal exposure and child's cognitive development is inconsistent. Moreover, toxicants are generally analyzed one by one without considering aggregate effects. We examined here the impact of a prenatal exposure to a mixture of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on intellectual abilities in preschool children, and compared their effects to those described in the literature.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Sixty-two children were included in a longitudinal cohort. Four organochlorine pesticides, four polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and seven perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were measured in cord blood. Intellectual abilities were assessed at 6 years of age using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence 4th ed. (WPPSI-IV). We examined the associations between a mixture of POPs and cognitive performances using principal components approach (PCA) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression taking sex difference into account.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>No negative correlation was found when analyses were performed on boys and girls together. In sex-stratified analyses, lower scores in full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) and fluid reasoning index (FRI) were observed in boys most exposed to a mixture of POPs. Increase of the WQS index was also associated with lower verbal comprehension index (VCI) scores in girls only. No other negative correlation was found using both WQS and PCA models.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our study suggests deleterious associations between antenatal exposure to a mixture of POPs and sex-specific cognitive level, clarifying some trends described in the literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 114422"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epidemiological studies on heavy metal exposure and liver injury are predominantly cross-sectional, lacking longitudinal data and exploration of potential mechanisms.
Method
We conducted a repeated-measures study in Northeast China from 2016 to 2019, involving 322 participants. Linear mixed models (LMM) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were employed to explore the associations between individual and mixed blood metal concentrations [chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb)] and liver function biomarkers [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), total protein (TP)]. Mediation and enrichment analyses were used to determine whether the inflammatory response is a critical pathway for heavy metal-induced liver damage.
Result
We obtained a total of 958 observations. The results from LMM and BKMR indicated significant associations between individual and mixed heavy metals and liver function biomarkers. Longitudinal analysis revealed associations between Cd and the annual increase rate of ALT (β = 2.61; 95% CI: 0.97, 4.26), the annual decrease rate of ALB (β = −0.21; 95% CI: −0.39, −0.03), Mn and the annual increase rate of GLB (β = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.72), and V and the annual decrease rate of ALB/GLB (β = −1.15; 95% CI: −2.00, −0.31). Mediation analysis showed that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) mediated the associations between Cd and AST, TP, with mediation effects of 27.7% and 13.4%, respectively. Additionally, results from Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses supported the role of inflammatory response pathways.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that heavy metal exposure leads to liver damage, with the inflammatory response potentially serving as a crucial pathway in this process. This study offers a novel perspective on understanding heavy metal-induced liver injury and provides insights for preventive measures against the health damage caused by heavy metals.
{"title":"Inflammation as a pathway for heavy metal-induced liver damage—Insights from a repeated-measures study in residents exposed to metals and bioinformatics analysis","authors":"Shuanzheng Zhao , Guohuan Yin , Meiduo Zhao , Jingtao Wu , Xiaolin Liu , Lanping Wei , Qun Xu , Jing Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Epidemiological studies on heavy metal exposure and liver injury are predominantly cross-sectional, lacking longitudinal data and exploration of potential mechanisms.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We conducted a repeated-measures study in Northeast China from 2016 to 2019, involving 322 participants. Linear mixed models (LMM) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were employed to explore the associations between individual and mixed blood metal concentrations [chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb)] and liver function biomarkers [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), total protein (TP)]. Mediation and enrichment analyses were used to determine whether the inflammatory response is a critical pathway for heavy metal-induced liver damage.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>We obtained a total of 958 observations. The results from LMM and BKMR indicated significant associations between individual and mixed heavy metals and liver function biomarkers. Longitudinal analysis revealed associations between Cd and the annual increase rate of ALT (<em>β</em> = 2.61; 95% CI: 0.97, 4.26), the annual decrease rate of ALB (<em>β</em> = −0.21; 95% CI: −0.39, −0.03), Mn and the annual increase rate of GLB (<em>β</em> = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.72), and V and the annual decrease rate of ALB/GLB (<em>β</em> = −1.15; 95% CI: −2.00, −0.31). Mediation analysis showed that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) mediated the associations between Cd and AST, TP, with mediation effects of 27.7% and 13.4%, respectively. Additionally, results from Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses supported the role of inflammatory response pathways.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings indicate that heavy metal exposure leads to liver damage, with the inflammatory response potentially serving as a crucial pathway in this process. This study offers a novel perspective on understanding heavy metal-induced liver injury and provides insights for preventive measures against the health damage caused by heavy metals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 114417"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114419
Minghao Guo , Yiwei Fang , Meilin Peng , Chao He , Jin Chen , Borui Sun , Chunyan Liu , Yuanzhong Zhou , Huiping Zhang , Kai Zhao
Background
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalate acid esters (PAHs & PAEs), known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), widely exist in daily life and industrial production. Previous studies have suggested that PAHs & PAEs may modify the intrauterine homeostasis and have adverse effects on fetal development. However, epidemiological evidence on the associations between PAHs & PAEs and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is still limited.
Objective
To investigate the effects of prenatal PAHs &PAEs exposure on the risk of GDM and hyperglycemia in pregnant women.
Methods
The study population was a total of 725 pregnant women from a prospective birth cohort study conducted from December 2019 to December 2021. Blood glucose levels were collected by the hospital information system. Urinary PAHs & PAEs concentrations were determined by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The Poisson regression in a generalized linear model (GLM), multiple linear regression, quantile-based g-computation method (qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were applied to explore and verify the individual and overall effects of PAHs & PAEs on glucose homeostasis. Potential confounders were adjusted in all statistical models.
Results
A total of 179 (24.69%) women were diagnosed with GDM. The Poisson regression suggested that a ln-unit increment of 4-OHPHE (4-hydroxyphenanthrene) (adjusted Risk Ratio (aRR) = 1.13; 1.02–1.26) was associated with the increased GDM risk. Mixed-exposure models showed similar results. We additionally found that MBZP (mono-benzyl phthalate) (aRR = 1.19; 1.02–1.39) was positively related to GDM risk in qgcomp model. Although neither model demonstrated that 2-OHNAP (2-hydroxynaphthalene) and 9-OHFLU (9-hydroxyfluorene) increased the risk of GDM, 2-OHNAP and 9-OHFLU exposure significantly increased blood glucose levels. BKMR model further confirmed that overall effects of PAHs & PAEs were significantly associated with the gestational hyperglycemia and GDM risk.
Conclusions
Our study presents that environmental exposure to PAHs & PAEs was positively associated with gestational glucose levels and the risks of developing GDM. In particular, 2-OHNAP, 9-OHFLU, 4-OHPHE and MBZP may serve as important surveillance markers to prevent the development of GDM.
{"title":"Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalate acid esters and gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Minghao Guo , Yiwei Fang , Meilin Peng , Chao He , Jin Chen , Borui Sun , Chunyan Liu , Yuanzhong Zhou , Huiping Zhang , Kai Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalate acid esters (PAHs & PAEs), known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), widely exist in daily life and industrial production. Previous studies have suggested that PAHs & PAEs may modify the intrauterine homeostasis and have adverse effects on fetal development. However, epidemiological evidence on the associations between PAHs & PAEs and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is still limited.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the effects of prenatal PAHs &PAEs exposure on the risk of GDM and hyperglycemia in pregnant women.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study population was a total of 725 pregnant women from a prospective birth cohort study conducted from December 2019 to December 2021. Blood glucose levels were collected by the hospital information system. Urinary PAHs & PAEs concentrations were determined by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The Poisson regression in a generalized linear model (GLM), multiple linear regression, quantile-based g-computation method (qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were applied to explore and verify the individual and overall effects of PAHs & PAEs on glucose homeostasis. Potential confounders were adjusted in all statistical models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 179 (24.69%) women were diagnosed with GDM. The Poisson regression suggested that a ln-unit increment of 4-OHPHE (4-hydroxyphenanthrene) (adjusted Risk Ratio (aRR) = 1.13; 1.02–1.26) was associated with the increased GDM risk. Mixed-exposure models showed similar results. We additionally found that MBZP (mono-benzyl phthalate) (aRR = 1.19; 1.02–1.39) was positively related to GDM risk in qgcomp model. Although neither model demonstrated that 2-OHNAP (2-hydroxynaphthalene) and 9-OHFLU (9-hydroxyfluorene) increased the risk of GDM, 2-OHNAP and 9-OHFLU exposure significantly increased blood glucose levels. BKMR model further confirmed that overall effects of PAHs & PAEs were significantly associated with the gestational hyperglycemia and GDM risk.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study presents that environmental exposure to PAHs & PAEs was positively associated with gestational glucose levels and the risks of developing GDM. In particular, 2-OHNAP, 9-OHFLU, 4-OHPHE and MBZP may serve as important surveillance markers to prevent the development of GDM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 114419"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is limited epidemiological evidence on the association of prenatal exposure to phthalates and synthetic phenols with altered pubertal timing.
Objective
To examine the association of prenatal exposure to phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), parabens, benzophenone 3 (BP-3), and triclosan (TCS) with pubertal development in girls and boys from three European cohorts.
Methods
Urinary metabolites of six different phthalate diesters (DEP, DiBP, DnBP, BBzP, DEHP, and DiNP), BPA, methyl- (MePB), ethyl- (EtPB), propyl- (PrPB), and butyl-paraben (BuPB), BP-3, and TCS were quantified in one or two (1st and 3rd trimester) urine samples collected during pregnancy (1999–2008) from mothers in three birth cohorts: INMA (Spain), EDEN (France), and MoBa (Norway). Pubertal development of their children was assessed at a single visit at age 7–12 years (579 girls, 644 boys) using the parent-reported Pubertal Development Scale (PDS). Mixed-effect Poisson and g-computation and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) were employed to examine associations of individual and combined prenatal chemical exposure, respectively, with the probability of overall pubertal onset, adrenarche, and gonadarche (stage 2+) in girls and boys. Effect modification by child body mass index (BMI) was also assessed.
Results
Maternal concentrations of the molar sum of DEHP and of DiNP metabolites were associated with a slightly higher probability of having started puberty in boys (relative risk, RR [95% CI] = 1.13 [0.98–1.30] and 1.20 [1.06–1.34], respectively, for a two-fold increase in concentrations), with a stronger association for DiNP in boys with overweight or obesity. In contrast, BPA, BuPB, EtPB, and PrPB were associated with a lower probability of pubertal onset, adrenarche, and/or gonadarche in all boys (e.g. overall puberty, BPA: RR [95% CI] = 0.93 [0.85–1.01] and BuPB: 0.95 [0.90–1.00], respectively), and the association with BPA was stronger in boys with underweight/normal weight. In girls, MEHP and BPA were associated with delayed gonadarche in those with underweight/normal weight (RR [95% CI] = 0.86 [0.77–0.95] and 0.90 [0.84–0.97], respectively). Most of these associations were trimester specific. However, the chemical mixture was not associated with any pubertal outcome in boys or girls.
Conclusions
Prenatal exposure to certain phthalates and synthetic phenols such as BPA may impact the pubertal development of boys, and weight status may modify this effect. BPA may also alter the pubertal development of girls.
{"title":"Association of prenatal exposure to phthalates and synthetic phenols with pubertal development in three European cohorts","authors":"Carmen Freire , Francesca Castiello , Izaro Babarro , Augusto Anguita-Ruiz , Maribel Casas , Martine Vrijheid , Blanca Sarzo , Andrea Beneito , Manik Kadawathagedara , Claire Philippat , Cathrine Thomsen , Amrit Kaur Sakhi , Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>There is limited epidemiological evidence on the association of prenatal exposure to phthalates and synthetic phenols with altered pubertal timing.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To examine the association of prenatal exposure to phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), parabens, benzophenone 3 (BP-3), and triclosan (TCS) with pubertal development in girls and boys from three European cohorts.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Urinary metabolites of six different phthalate diesters (DEP, DiBP, DnBP, BBzP, DEHP, and DiNP), BPA, methyl- (MePB), ethyl- (EtPB), propyl- (PrPB), and butyl-paraben (BuPB), BP-3, and TCS were quantified in one or two (1st and 3rd trimester) urine samples collected during pregnancy (1999–2008) from mothers in three birth cohorts: INMA (Spain), EDEN (France), and MoBa (Norway). Pubertal development of their children was assessed at a single visit at age 7–12 years (579 girls, 644 boys) using the parent-reported Pubertal Development Scale (PDS). Mixed-effect Poisson and g-computation and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) were employed to examine associations of individual and combined prenatal chemical exposure, respectively, with the probability of overall pubertal onset, adrenarche, and gonadarche (stage 2+) in girls and boys. Effect modification by child body mass index (BMI) was also assessed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Maternal concentrations of the molar sum of DEHP and of DiNP metabolites were associated with a slightly higher probability of having started puberty in boys (relative risk, RR [95% CI] = 1.13 [0.98–1.30] and 1.20 [1.06–1.34], respectively, for a two-fold increase in concentrations), with a stronger association for DiNP in boys with overweight or obesity. In contrast, BPA, BuPB, EtPB, and PrPB were associated with a lower probability of pubertal onset, adrenarche, and/or gonadarche in all boys (<em>e.g.</em> overall puberty, BPA: RR [95% CI] = 0.93 [0.85–1.01] and BuPB: 0.95 [0.90–1.00], respectively), and the association with BPA was stronger in boys with underweight/normal weight. In girls, MEHP and BPA were associated with delayed gonadarche in those with underweight/normal weight (RR [95% CI] = 0.86 [0.77–0.95] and 0.90 [0.84–0.97], respectively). Most of these associations were trimester specific. However, the chemical mixture was not associated with any pubertal outcome in boys or girls.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Prenatal exposure to certain phthalates and synthetic phenols such as BPA may impact the pubertal development of boys, and weight status may modify this effect. BPA may also alter the pubertal development of girls.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 114418"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463924000993/pdfft?md5=ac171343a92a8e90deda08695602e71b&pid=1-s2.0-S1438463924000993-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}