International journal of hygiene and environmental health最新文献_第3页

Assessing welding fume exposure in professional welders: An exploratory study of biomarkers and metabolomic profiles 评估专业焊工的焊接烟雾暴露：生物标志物和代谢组学概况的探索性研究

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114714

Ata Rafiee , David S. Wishart , Shelby S. Yamamoto , Lei Pei , Emily Quecke , Bernadette Quémerais

Welding fumes exposure is associated with various detrimental health consequences including cardiopulmonary diseases and cancer. We assessed welding fume exposure using biomonitoring, metalomics, and metabolomics. 38 professional welders (exposed) and 36 power line technicians (non-exposed) were recruited from various facilities in Alberta, Canada. Air sampling and urine collection were conducted. Metal levels were quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Metabolites were quantified using Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and linear mixed models (LMM) were performed using STATA 19.0 and MetaboAnalyst 5.0. Short-term and cumulative doses were calculated using air sampling data in the modified Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) method.

Elevated urinary levels of As, Cr, Fe, Mn, and Ni were observed in welders than in the non-exposed group (p˂0.05). Among the metabolites, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, arginine, asparagine, choline, and ornithine were proposed as potential biomarkers for welding fume exposure (AUC>0.7). ROC results identified metabolites associated with welding experience and smoking. LMM identified smoking as the main predictor of urinary Fe, Mn, and V, while short-term Cr and Sb doses predicted their urinary levels; welders' urinary metabolites were mainly influenced by welding experience and smoking.

Our study highlights the potential benefits of biomonitoring and metabolomics to assess the health effects of welding fume exposure. However, relatively small sample size and lacking biomarkers exploration by sex limit the generalizability of findings. Further investigation is recommended to explore the underlying mechanisms and the effects of other factors on the metabolomics profile in professional welders.

接触焊接烟雾与各种有害健康后果有关，包括心肺疾病和癌症。我们使用生物监测、金属组学和代谢组学来评估焊接烟雾暴露。38名专业焊工（暴露）和36名电线技术人员（未暴露）从加拿大艾伯塔省的各个设施招募。进行了空气采样和尿液采集。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测定金属含量。代谢产物采用液相色谱串联质谱法（LC-MS-MS）进行定量分析。采用STATA 19.0和MetaboAnalyst 5.0进行受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析和线性混合模型（LMM）分析。短期剂量和累积剂量是根据美国环境保护署（EPA）改进后的方法使用空气采样数据计算的。焊工尿中砷、铬、铁、锰和镍的含量高于未接触组（p小于0.05）。在代谢物中，β -羟基丁酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、胆碱和鸟氨酸被认为是焊接烟雾暴露的潜在生物标志物（AUC>0.7）。ROC结果确定了与焊接经验和吸烟相关的代谢物。LMM发现吸烟是尿Fe、Mn和V的主要预测因子，而短期Cr和Sb剂量预测其尿水平；焊工尿液代谢物主要受焊接经验和吸烟的影响。我们的研究强调了生物监测和代谢组学评估焊接烟雾暴露对健康影响的潜在益处。然而，相对较小的样本量和缺乏生物标志物的性别探索限制了研究结果的普遍性。建议进一步调查，以探索潜在的机制和其他因素对专业焊工代谢组学的影响。

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引用次数: 0

A comparison of two laboratory methods to measure urinary bisphenol A and triclosan in the Canadian Health Measures Survey 加拿大健康措施调查中测定尿液双酚A和三氯生的两种实验室方法的比较。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114715

Kavita Singh , Tyler Pollock , Subramanian Karthikeyan , Gabrielle Sauvageau , Christine MacKinnon-Roy , Mike Walker , Chun Lei Liang , Pierre Dumas , Jean-François Bienvenu , Éric Gaudreau , Sébastien Gagné

Objective

The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) employed two laboratory methods to measure each of bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan in urine. This analysis compares method performance.

Methods

Method E−475 used GC-MS/MS to measure BPA in recruitment cycles 1–6 and triclosan in recruitment cycles 2–4. Method E−505 used UPLC-MS/MS for BPA and triclosan in biobanked samples from recruitment cycles 4–6. Using unweighted concentrations for samples available from both methods, and removing observations < LOD (BPA Cycles 4–6, n = 3114 and triclosan Cycle 4, n = 651), we compared E−475 and E−505 with descriptive statistics, scatterplots, and Bland Altman analysis. An E−475 variation using isotope dilution (ID) was performed for triclosan. After applying a model to correct E−475 triclosan for ID (E−475m), we compared modeled results to E−505.

Results

The geometric mean (GM) for BPA from E−475 vs. E−505 was 1.2 vs. 1.1 μg/L. The E−475/E−505 GM ratio was 1.03, and the lower-upper limits of agreements (LOA) were 0.59–1.81. The GM for triclosan from E−475 vs. E−505 was 31 vs. 20 μg/L. E−475 concentrations were 1.56 times E−505, and the LOAs were 0.87–2.78. The GM for triclosan from E−475m vs. E−505 was 19 vs. 20 μg/L. E−475m concentrations were 0.93 times E−505, and the LOAs were 0.53–1.64.

Conclusions

BPA concentrations were comparable with E−475 and E−505. Triclosan concentrations were higher with E−475 than E−505. The E−475 triclosan concentrations became comparable to E−505 after correcting for ID. These results will have implications on whether BPA and triclosan data from the two methods can be combined and compared across CHMS recruitment cycles.

目的：加拿大健康措施调查（CHMS）采用两种实验室方法分别测定尿液中的双酚A （BPA）和三氯生。这个分析比较了方法的性能。方法：方法E-475采用GC-MS/MS法测定招募周期1-6和招募周期2-4的双酚a和三氯生含量。方法E-505采用UPLC-MS/MS对招募周期4-6的生物库样品进行双酚a和三氯生的检测。结果：E-475和E-505的双酚a几何平均值分别为1.2和1.1 μg/L。E-475/E-505 GM比值为1.03，协议下限（LOA）为0.59 ~ 1.81。E-475和E-505对三氯生的GM分别为31和20 μg/L。E-475浓度为E-505的1.56倍，LOAs为0.87 ~ 2.78。E-475m和E-505对三氯生的GM分别为19和20 μg/L。E-475m浓度为E-505的0.93倍，loa为0.53 ~ 1.64。结论：双酚a浓度与E-475、E-505相当。E-475的三氯生浓度高于E-505。校正ID后，E-475三氯生浓度与E-505相当。这些结果将对两种方法的双酚a和三氯生数据是否可以在CHMS招募周期内进行组合和比较产生影响。

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引用次数: 0

An overview of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST392 amid the AMR silent pandemic and consequent environmental dissemination and health risks 在抗生素耐药性无声大流行和随之而来的环境传播和健康风险中肺炎克雷伯菌ST392的概述

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114710

Rosaria Tinnirello , Gioacchin Iannolo , Alberto Cagigi , Bruno Douradinha

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely recognized as the silent pandemic, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to prioritize critical bacterial pathogens that demand urgent, innovative responses. Klebsiella pneumoniae, marked by extensive resistance to last-resort antibiotics and the absence of an effective vaccine, is among the most consequential of these threats. While high-profile sequence types (STs) such as ST258, ST512, ST101, ST307, ST147 and ST395 dominate interventions of healthcare-associated infections, other clinically important lineages remain underexplored. One such lineage is ST392, a member of clonal group 147 (CG147), increasingly reported in clinical settings worldwide.

Here, we describe what is currently known about nosocomial K. pneumoniae ST392 isolates and their impact within an environmental and One Health framework, examining how clinical reservoirs interface with hospital effluents and municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that can carry antimicrobials, antimicrobial-resistance genes (ARGs) and resistant bacteria into broader ecosystems. We synthesize current evidence on the epidemiology, resistome/virulome features, and putative dissemination pathways of ST392 across clinical and environmental compartments and consider how wastewater-based epidemiology can act as a sentinel for emergence and spread. Finally, we outline priorities for integrated surveillance and control, linking clinical microbiology, environmental monitoring and genomics, and discuss implications for infection prevention and control, stewardship, and wastewater management. In conclusion, we show the need for targeted strategies that address the full spectrum of K. pneumoniae lineages, including underrecognized ST392, to mitigate AMR risk to population health.

抗菌素耐药性（AMR）被广泛认为是无声的大流行，导致世界卫生组织（世卫组织）优先考虑需要紧急创新对策的关键细菌病原体。肺炎克雷伯菌是这些威胁中最严重的威胁之一，其特点是对最后的抗生素具有广泛的耐药性，而且缺乏有效的疫苗。虽然ST258、ST512、ST101、ST307、ST147和ST395等备受关注的序列类型在医疗保健相关感染的干预中占主导地位，但其他临床重要谱系仍未得到充分探索。其中一个这样的谱系是ST392，它是克隆群147 （CG147）的成员，在世界各地的临床环境中越来越多地报道。在这里，我们描述了目前已知的医院感染的肺炎克伯菌ST392分离株及其在环境和“一个健康”框架内的影响，研究了临床水库如何与医院废水和城市污水处理厂（WWTPs）相连接，这些污水处理厂可以将抗菌剂、抗菌素耐药基因（ARGs）和耐药细菌带入更广泛的生态系统。我们综合了目前关于ST392的流行病学、抵抗组/病毒组特征和假定的临床和环境传播途径的证据，并考虑了基于废水的流行病学如何作为出现和传播的哨兵。最后，我们概述了综合监测和控制的重点，将临床微生物学，环境监测和基因组学联系起来，并讨论了感染预防和控制，管理和废水管理的影响。总之，我们表明需要有针对性的策略来解决肺炎克雷伯菌谱系的全谱，包括未被识别的ST392，以减轻抗菌素耐药性对人群健康的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Prenatal nitrate and nitrite intake in mammals: A scoping review of effects and associations with pregnancy and maternal and child health 哺乳动物产前硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐摄入：与妊娠和母婴健康的影响和关联的范围审查。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114712

Leaf R. Kardol , Amina Rhaman , Erin Kelty , Shannon Morgan , Danielle J. Russell , Aster Gebremedhin , Sarah Bourke , Caitlin S. Wyrwoll

Nitrate and nitrite are present in drinking water, vegetables and processed meats. While they may offer health benefits in some contexts, high levels, especially during pregnancy, can be harmful. This scoping review investigates prenatal nitrate/nitrite exposure and maternal, child, pregnancy and birth outcomes, in animal models and humans. Six databases were searched systematically for peer-reviewed publications relating to nitrate and/or nitrite exposure in pregnancy. 3834 unique papers were identified, with 133 meeting inclusion criteria. In human studies (n = 66), high processed meat nitrite exposure was associated with congenital anomalies and childhood cancer, although primarily in conjunction with nitrosatable medication exposure. Fresh vegetable sources of nitrate/nitrite were associated with neutral or positive health outcomes. Prenatal drinking water nitrate exposure was moderately associated with preterm birth, while evidence for congenital anomalies, growth restriction, preeclampsia and early puberty was limited or inconsistent. Associations appeared at concentrations as low as 5 % of the WHO drinking water guideline. However, other water contaminants and exposures such as nitrosatable medications were only addressed in a minority of studies. Animal studies (n = 67) reported effects of nitrate/nitrite exposure on mortality and birthweights through pathways involving methemoglobinemia, inflammation, DNA-damage and endocrine disruption, however, dosing was often extreme. While vegetable sources of nitrate/nitrite show some health benefits, exposure to meat and drinking water sources should be limited, although safe limits and causal evidence are not fully established. Public health policy should prioritise decreasing nitrate exposure within the context of broader water quality concerns and barriers to perinatal health.

硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐存在于饮用水、蔬菜和加工肉类中。虽然它们在某些情况下可能对健康有益，但高剂量，特别是在怀孕期间，可能是有害的。本综述在动物模型和人类中调查了产前硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐暴露与孕产妇、儿童、妊娠和分娩结局。系统地检索了六个数据库，以获得与怀孕期间硝酸盐和/或亚硝酸盐暴露有关的同行评审出版物。鉴定出3834篇独特论文，其中133篇符合纳入标准。在人体研究中（n = 66），高加工肉类亚硝酸盐暴露与先天性异常和儿童癌症有关，尽管主要与亚硝酸盐药物暴露有关。新鲜蔬菜来源的硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐与中性或积极的健康结果相关。产前饮用水硝酸盐暴露与早产中度相关，而先天性异常、生长受限、先兆子痫和性早熟的证据有限或不一致。当浓度低至世卫组织饮用水指南的5%时，出现了关联。然而，其他水污染物和暴露，如亚硝基药物，只在少数研究中得到解决。动物研究（n = 67）报告了硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐暴露通过涉及高铁血红蛋白血症、炎症、dna损伤和内分泌干扰的途径对死亡率和出生体重的影响，然而，剂量往往是极端的。虽然蔬菜来源的硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐显示出一些健康益处，但应限制接触肉类和饮用水源，尽管安全限度和因果证据尚未完全确定。公共卫生政策应优先考虑在更广泛的水质问题和围产期健康障碍的背景下减少硝酸盐接触。

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引用次数: 0

Exposure to a mixture of endocrine disrupting chemicals and thyroid function tests in pregnant women in the SELMA study SELMA研究中孕妇暴露于内分泌干扰化学物质和甲状腺功能测试的混合物

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114711

Arash Derakhshan , Eva Tanner , Marlene Stratmann , Huan Shu , Robin P. Peeters , Barbara Demeneix , Chris Gennings , Tim I.M. Korevaar , Carl-Gustaf Bornehag

Background

Based on experimental and human studies, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can disrupt the thyroid hormone system. However, their association with thyroid function tests when considered as part of a chemical mixture is unknown.

Methods

We used data of 1970 pregnant women from the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal Mother and Child, Asthma and Allergy (SELMA) study to investigate the cross-sectional association between exposure to 26 chemical compounds with maternal thyroid function tests in early pregnancy, using Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression.

Results

Higher exposure to EDCs mixtures was associated with a lower FT3 [WQS Estimate per an IQR increase (95 % CI): −0.09 (−0.16 to −0.01), mostly driven by PCBs] and a lower TT3 [WQS Estimate per an IQR increase (95 % CI): −0.05 (−0.09 to −0.01), mostly driven by PFOS]. In addition, higher exposure to a mixture of short lived urinary based compounds was associated with a lower TT4/TT3 ratio while higher exposure to a mixture of persistent serum based compounds was associated with a higher TT4/TT3 ratio.

Conclusions

In this proof-of-principle analysis, we show that there could be an added benefit of analyzing thyroid hormone system disrupting EDCs using a mixture-based analysis approach. Our findings pave the way and provide hypotheses for future experimental and human studies to investigate the effects of EDCs as a mixture on the thyroid hormone system, revealing information on potential biological mechanisms explaining the associations from observational data.

根据实验和人体研究，内分泌干扰物质（EDCs）可以破坏甲状腺激素系统。然而，当它们被视为化学混合物的一部分时，它们与甲状腺功能测试的关系尚不清楚。方法采用瑞典环境纵向母婴、哮喘和过敏（SELMA）研究的1970例孕妇数据，采用加权分位数和（WQS）回归方法，研究26种化学物质暴露与妊娠早期母体甲状腺功能测试之间的横断面关联。结果较高的EDCs混合物暴露与较低的FT3[每IQR增加的WQS估计值（95% CI）： - 0.09(- 0.16至- 0.01)，主要由多氯联苯驱动]和较低的TT3[每IQR增加的WQS估计值（95% CI）： - 0.05(- 0.09至- 0.01)，主要由PFOS驱动]相关。此外，暴露于较短寿命的尿基化合物混合物的较高水平与较低的TT4/TT3比率相关，而暴露于较长寿命的血清基化合物混合物的较高水平与较高的TT4/TT3比率相关。在这个原理验证分析中，我们表明使用基于混合物的分析方法分析甲状腺激素系统干扰EDCs可能有一个额外的好处。我们的研究结果为未来的实验和人体研究铺平了道路，并提供了假设，以调查EDCs作为混合物对甲状腺激素系统的影响，揭示了解释观察数据关联的潜在生物学机制的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Unraveling the causes of Salmonella paratyphi B endemicity in Salta: A clinical-environmental perspective 揭示萨尔塔地区乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌流行的原因：一个临床-环境视角。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114708

M.N. Maidana Kulesza , V.B. Rajal , D.G. Sanguino Jorquera , V.L. Romero , M. Aparicio González , S. Leonardi , E.E. Campos , M.E. Bracamonte , N.L. Reynaga , M.P. Zago , H.R. Poma

Salmonella Paratyphi B (SPB) has become endemic in the city of Salta, Argentina, with a staggering burden of bloodstream infections requiring hospitalization. This study unravels the underlying drivers of this endemicity through an integrated clinical-environmental approach. A novel duplex qPCR system was developed to accurately distinguish SPB from other Salmonella serotypes, enabling precise diagnosis and treatment. Clinical analysis revealed SPB in 98 % of positive blood cultures, confirming its strong association with severe infections.

Contrary to initial hypotheses, the public drinking water network -supported by deep wells and systematic chlorination-showed negligible microbial contamination, ruling it out as the primary transmission route. Instead, environmental investigations uncovered widespread SPB in untreated wastewater, river water used for crop irrigation, and in leafy vegetables sold in local markets. SPB was detected in 40 % of lettuce, arugula, and celery samples during the rainy season, with contamination levels exceeding international safety standards by several orders of magnitude.

This widespread presence of SPB in fresh produce, coupled with its uniform detection across city districts regardless of socioeconomic level, points to a foodborne route of transmission through contaminated vegetables. Based on these findings, we propose a strategic intervention plan that includes public education, routine screening for chronic carriers, strengthened monitoring of irrigation water, improved vegetable quality control, and upgrades to wastewater treatment infrastructure.

This study highlights the importance of targeted, multidisciplinary approaches to address human-restricted pathogens and provides a roadmap for interrupting SPB transmission in endemic urban contexts.

乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌（SPB）已成为阿根廷萨尔塔市的地方病，血液感染的负担令人震惊，需要住院治疗。本研究通过综合临床-环境方法揭示了这种地方性的潜在驱动因素。建立了一种新的双工qPCR系统，可以准确区分SPB与其他沙门氏菌血清型，从而实现精确的诊断和治疗。临床分析显示，在98%的阳性血培养中发现SPB，证实其与严重感染密切相关。与最初的假设相反，由深井和系统氯化支持的公共饮用水网络显示出微不足道的微生物污染，排除了其作为主要传播途径的可能性。相反，环境调查发现，SPB广泛存在于未经处理的废水、用于作物灌溉的河水以及当地市场上出售的叶菜中。雨季期间，40%的莴苣、芝麻菜和芹菜样本中检测到SPB，污染水平超过国际安全标准几个数量级。新鲜农产品中SPB的广泛存在，再加上其在城市各地区（无论社会经济水平如何）的统一检测，表明了通过受污染蔬菜的食源性传播途径。基于这些发现，我们提出了一项战略干预计划，包括公众教育、对慢性携带者进行常规筛查、加强灌溉用水监测、改善蔬菜质量控制和升级废水处理基础设施。这项研究强调了有针对性的多学科方法的重要性，以解决人类限制的病原体，并为阻断SPB在流行城市环境中的传播提供了路线图。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated assessment of arsenic and pathogen contamination in surface waters impacted by mining activities and sewage discharge: challenges and strategies for water quality management and treatment 综合评估受采矿活动和污水排放影响的地表水中的砷和病原体污染：水质管理和处理的挑战和战略。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114709

Marina Muniz de Queiroz , Carolina Cristiane Pinto , Victor Rezende Moreira , Dawber Batista Ferreira , Janaína Neres Barbosa , Larissa Guarany Ramalho Elias , Cristiano Christofaro , Míriam Cristina Santos Amaral , Sílvia Corrêa Oliveira

Water contamination by arsenic is a serious public health concern due to its toxicity and long-term health effects, while the presence of pathogens poses immediate risks of waterborne diseases. Beyond these individual threats, their co-occurrence is particularly concerning, as arsenic has been linked to processes that can favor antimicrobial resistance by contributing to genetic mutations and activating bacterial defense mechanisms. Therefore, identifying regions where pathogens coexist with arsenic contamination is crucial. This study investigates simultaneous contamination by arsenic and pathogens in surface water bodies in Minas Gerais, Brazil, a state characterized by intensive mining activities and limited sanitation infrastructure. Data from 665 monitoring stations collected between 2000 and 2023 was used to analyze total arsenic, Escherichia coli, and other water quality parameters. Spatial and statistical analyses revealed critical contamination levels, with frequent violations of legal standards. In seven surface water monitoring points, arsenic and Escherichia coli levels exceeded limits in over 80 % of the samples. Conventional water treatment systems show difficulties to effectively remove arsenic, highlighting the need for region-specific solutions. The methods and protocols developed for Minas Gerais can be adapted to other regions facing similar challenges, offering a comprehensive model for water quality assessment and management that integrates rigorous monitoring, public policies, and practical guidance for water treatment. These findings underscore the importance of water treatment technologies and management strategies tailored to regional conditions to ensure water security and protect public health in scenarios of combined contamination.

由于砷的毒性和对健康的长期影响，水污染是一个严重的公共卫生问题，而病原体的存在则构成水传播疾病的直接风险。除了这些单独的威胁之外，它们的共存尤其令人担忧，因为砷与通过促进基因突变和激活细菌防御机制而有利于抗菌素耐药性的过程有关。因此，确定病原体与砷污染共存的区域至关重要。本研究调查了巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州地表水中砷和病原体的同时污染，米纳斯吉拉斯州的特点是采矿活动密集，卫生基础设施有限。2000年至2023年间收集的665个监测站的数据用于分析总砷、大肠杆菌和其他水质参数。空间和统计分析揭示了严重的污染水平，经常违反法律标准。在7个地表水监测点，超过80%的样本中砷和大肠杆菌含量超标。传统的水处理系统难以有效地去除砷，因此需要针对特定区域的解决方案。为米纳斯吉拉斯州制定的方法和协议可以适用于面临类似挑战的其他地区，为水质评估和管理提供一个综合模型，将严格的监测、公共政策和水处理的实际指导结合起来。这些发现强调了根据区域情况量身定制的水处理技术和管理战略的重要性，以确保在综合污染情况下的水安全和保护公众健康。

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引用次数: 0

Urinary excretion of propylene glycol butyl ether (PGBE) and propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME) in healthy human participants and workers 尿中丙二醇丁基醚（PGBE）和丙二醇甲基醚（PGME）在健康受试者和工人中的排泄。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114706

Nancy B. Hopf , Susanne Kaspar , Aurélie Berthet , Julie Hechon , Jennifer Pache , Nicole Charriere , Myriam Borgatta

Exposure to organic solvents can affect the central nervous system. Propylene glycol ethers such as propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME) and propylene glycol butyl ether (PGBE) are organic solvents widely used in commercial products including cleaning products. PGME has an established Swiss occupational exposure limit and a biomonitoring limit value while PGBE does not, which is probably due to the absence of toxicokinetic data. Our aim was to (1) Characterize PGBE elimination toxicokinetics in healthy human participants (N = 11) exposed under controlled conditions; (2) Provide urinary elimination kinetics of both conjugated and free PGBE and PGME following exposures to a mixture of PGME (35 ppm) and PGBE (15 ppm) for 6 h, and (3) Assess exposure among six professional cleaners. Urinary PGME and PGBE concentrations were quantified using head-space gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (HS-GC-FID) (LOQ 0.04 mg/L, LOD 0.01 mg/L). PGBE had an apparent elimination of ∼6 h and PGME ∼4 h. PGBE air concentration of 15 ppm corresponded to 1.2 mg/L in urine. Cleaners had low urinary concentrations (<0.5 mg/L). Intriguingly, post-shift concentrations were often lower than the next-day pre-shift values, suggesting skin exposure and possible non-occupational exposures. These findings support biomonitoring as the best approach to assess workers’ total PGBE exposures. Future studies should expand human biomonitoring efforts to better characterize exposure to glycol ethers.

接触有机溶剂会影响中枢神经系统。丙二醇醚，如丙二醇甲基醚（PGME）和丙二醇丁基醚（PGBE）是广泛用于包括清洁产品在内的商业产品的有机溶剂。PGME有一个确定的瑞士职业暴露限值和生物监测限值，而PGBE没有，这可能是由于缺乏毒物动力学数据。我们的目的是：(1)表征在受控条件下暴露的健康人类参与者（N = 11）的PGBE消除毒性动力学；(2)在暴露于PGME （35ppm）和PGBE （15ppm）混合物6小时后，提供结合的和游离的PGBE和PGME的尿液消除动力学；(3)评估6名专业清洁人员的暴露情况。采用顶空气相色谱-火焰电离检测法（HS-GC-FID）定量尿液中PGME和PGBE浓度（LOQ 0.04 mg/L, LOD 0.01 mg/L）。PGBE在空气中的浓度为15 ppm相当于尿液中的1.2 mg/L， PGBE的消除时间为6 h， PGME的消除时间为4 h。清洁剂的尿浓度较低(

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引用次数: 0

Sewer misconnection: Recommendations for increasing sewer connections in low-income urban communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh 下水道误接：关于增加孟加拉国达卡低收入城市社区下水道连接的建议

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114707

Mahbub-Ul Alam , Md Assaduzzaman Rahat , Md Eayashen , Shahpara Nawaz , Nishantika Neeher , Kazy Farhat Tabassum , Barbara Evans , Paul Hutchings

In Dhaka, Bangladesh, sewer misconnections persist despite sewer infrastructure expansion by the Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA). This mixed-method cross-sectional study aimed to develop targeted, evidence-based interventions to increase sewer connections in urban communities. We surveyed 384 households and conducted 10 in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions across five DWASA zones. Using the Risks, Attitudes, Norms, Abilities, and Self-regulation (RANAS) framework, we identified key psychological factors influencing sewer connection behaviours. Building on these insights, we mapped psychological factors to Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs) to develop tailored interventions. Households those were not-connected to sewer exhibited significantly lower awareness of sanitation-related health risks, less confidence in navigating connection procedures, and weaker perceptions of the social benefits of sewer linkage. Qualitative findings revealed widespread dissatisfaction with dysfunctional drainage systems, high connection costs, inadequate maintenance support from DWASA, and bureaucratic delays as significant barriers. These results highlight a complex interplay of psychological, financial, and administrative challenges limiting sewer uptake. Based on these insights, we propose a comprehensive intervention package integrating health education to improve risk awareness, community role models to shift social norms, practical technical guidance to simplify connection processes, and income-adjusted financial incentives to ease economic burdens. The study emphasises the urgent need for integrated, multi-sectoral strategies that address behavioural, structural, and economic barriers simultaneously. Implementing these interventions reduces sewer misconnections, an often-overlooked source of environmental contamination and public health risk, and would advance equitable and sustainable sanitation in rapidly urbanising cities like Dhaka.

在孟加拉国的达卡，尽管达卡供水和污水管理局（DWASA）扩建了下水道基础设施，但下水道连接错误仍然存在。这项混合方法横断面研究旨在制定有针对性的、以证据为基础的干预措施，以增加城市社区的下水道连接。我们调查了384户家庭，在五个DWASA区域进行了10次深度访谈和2次焦点小组讨论。利用风险、态度、规范、能力和自我调节（RANAS）框架，我们确定了影响下水道连接行为的关键心理因素。基于这些见解，我们将心理因素映射到行为改变技术（bct）中，以开发量身定制的干预措施。未连接下水道的家庭对与卫生有关的健康风险的认识明显较低，对使用连接程序的信心较低，对下水道连接的社会效益的认识较弱。定性调查结果显示，人们普遍对排水系统功能失调、连接成本高、DWASA的维护支持不足以及官僚主义延误感到不满。这些结果突出了限制下水道吸收的心理、财务和行政挑战的复杂相互作用。基于这些见解，我们提出了一套综合干预方案，包括提高风险意识的健康教育、改变社会规范的社区榜样、简化连接流程的实用技术指导以及减轻经济负担的收入调整财政激励。该研究强调，迫切需要制定综合的多部门战略，同时解决行为、结构和经济障碍。实施这些干预措施可以减少下水道误接，这是一个经常被忽视的环境污染和公共健康风险来源，并将促进达卡等快速城市化城市的公平和可持续卫生。

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引用次数: 0

Household resilience and adaptation strategies for enhancing access to energy, water, and food during droughts and floods: A qualitative study 在干旱和洪水期间加强获得能源、水和食物的家庭复原力和适应战略：一项定性研究。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114705

Emily A. Ogutu , Hemali H. Oza , Monique Beun , Reinilde Eppinga , Richard Muga , Matthew C. Freeman

Background

Climate change driven disruptions, like droughts and floods, disrupt access to water, food, and energy systems, and disproportionately affect vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding local impacts and adaptation gaps can inform strategies to enhance household and community resilience.

Objectives

This qualitative study explored household resilience to droughts and floods among arid and semi-arid lands (ASAL) and non-ASAL regions across five counties in Kenya, examined local resilience practices, determined impact on gender, and identified opportunities for evidence-based interventions.

Methods

We conducted 44 key informant interviews and 60 focus group discussions with men and women in Bungoma, Homa Bay, Isiolo, Samburu, and Siaya counties. We used a thematic analysis approach, and coded data using MAXQDA 2024.

Results

Droughts and floods disrupted access to energy, water, healthcare, sanitation, and food markets; reduced agricultural productivity; and worsened food insecurity and health, especially for women and children. Planning, coping and recovery strategies were limited, for energy, safe water, and nutritious food. Barriers included a lack of early warning systems, restrictive gender norms, infrastructure challenges, and limited awareness.

Discussion

This study highlighted the impact of droughts and floods on essential services, and the disproportionate burden on women and children. Limited preparedness, coping and recovery strategies existed for energy, water, and food systems. Barriers included resource constraints, limited awareness, and restrictive gender norms. Addressing these challenges requires strengthening early warning systems, expanding access to clean energy and water, promoting adaptive food practices, and integrating gender equity and water-energy-food nexus thinking into community-driven, policy-supported interventions.

背景：气候变化导致的灾害，如干旱和洪水，破坏了对水、粮食和能源系统的获取，对低收入和中等收入国家的弱势群体造成了不成比例的影响。了解当地影响和适应差距可以为提高家庭和社区抵御能力的战略提供信息。目的：本定性研究探讨了肯尼亚五个县干旱和半干旱地区（ASAL）和非ASAL地区的家庭抗旱抗洪能力，检查了当地抗旱实践，确定了对性别的影响，并确定了循证干预措施的机会。方法：我们在Bungoma、Homa Bay、Isiolo、Samburu和Siaya县对男性和女性进行了44次关键信息者访谈和60次焦点小组讨论。我们使用主题分析方法，并使用MAXQDA 2024编码数据。结果：干旱和洪水破坏了能源、水、医疗保健、卫生设施和食品市场的获取；农业生产力下降；粮食不安全和健康状况恶化，尤其是对妇女和儿童而言。在能源、安全饮用水和营养食品方面，规划、应对和恢复策略都是有限的。障碍包括缺乏早期预警系统、限制性的性别规范、基础设施方面的挑战以及意识有限。讨论：这项研究强调了干旱和洪水对基本服务的影响，以及对妇女和儿童的不成比例的负担。能源、水和粮食系统的准备、应对和恢复策略有限。障碍包括资源限制、意识有限和限制性的性别规范。应对这些挑战需要加强预警系统，扩大清洁能源和水的获取，促进适应性粮食做法，并将性别平等和水-能源-粮食关系思想纳入社区驱动和政策支持的干预措施。

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引用次数: 0