International journal of hygiene and environmental health最新文献_第3页

Parental stress, indoor environment and outdoor air pollution: A complex nexus and its impacts on childhood pneumonia 父母压力、室内环境和室外空气污染：一个复杂的关系及其对儿童肺炎的影响

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114717

Chan Lu , Yao Chen , Wenying Sun , Mengju Lan , Zipeng Qiao

Background

Childhood pneumonia is a major global health burden influenced by environmental and psychosocial factors, yet their potential interaction during critical developmental windows remains poorly understood.

Objective

To investigate the effects of parental socioeconomic and psychological stress, and interaction with indoor and outdoor environments to affect childhood pneumonia.

Methods

We conducted a combined retrospective cohort and cross-sectional study of 8689 preschool children in Changsha, China. Information on each child's health status, parental stress, and household environment exposure from one year before pregnancy to postnatal period were collected using a survey. Ambient air pollution and temperature data were obtained from local monitoring stations. Individual pollutant exposure at home during different time windows was estimated using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to assess the independent and interactive effects of parental stress with indoor and outdoor environments on childhood pneumonia.

Results

We found that childhood pneumonia was related with parental education level, fatigue, headache, and inattention. High parental social stress increased pneumonia risk of parental smoking and mould/damp clothing or bedding, while low parental social stress reduced pneumonia risk from indoor exposure to flowering plants. Children with high parental socioeconomic stress had a stronger association between air pollution and pneumonia. High parental psychological stress increased childhood pneumonia as a result of air pollution exposure, notably for particulate matter in early life.

Conclusions

Parental stress independently and interactively increases childhood pneumonia risk in relation to indoor (new furniture, mould/dampness) and outdoor (NO₂, SO₂) exposures during early life.

儿童肺炎是受环境和社会心理因素影响的主要全球健康负担，但它们在关键发育窗口期的潜在相互作用仍知之甚少。目的探讨父母社会经济、心理压力及其与室内外环境的相互作用对儿童肺炎的影响。方法对长沙市8689名学龄前儿童进行回顾性队列和横断面研究。通过一项调查收集了每个孩子从怀孕前一年到产后的健康状况、父母压力和家庭环境暴露的信息。环境空气污染和温度数据来自当地监测站。采用逆距离加权（IDW）法估算了不同时间窗下家庭个体污染物暴露量。采用多变量logistic回归评估父母应激与室内、室外环境对儿童肺炎的独立及交互影响。结果发现儿童肺炎与父母教育程度、疲劳、头痛、注意力不集中有关。父母的高社会压力增加了父母吸烟和发霉/潮湿的衣服或床上用品导致的肺炎风险，而父母的低社会压力降低了室内接触开花植物导致的肺炎风险。父母社会经济压力高的儿童在空气污染和肺炎之间的关联更强。由于暴露在空气污染中，父母的高度心理压力增加了儿童肺炎，特别是早期生活中的颗粒物。结论父母压力与儿童早期室内（新家具、霉菌/湿气）和室外（NO2、SO2）暴露相关，可单独或交互增加儿童肺炎风险。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of water, sanitation, and hygiene on childhood growth in Ethiopia: a cluster-randomized trial 水、环境卫生和个人卫生对埃塞俄比亚儿童成长的影响：一项集群随机试验

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114718

Tahvi Frank , Isabel J.B. Thompson , Solomon Aragie , Dionna M. Wittberg , Wondyifraw Tadesse , Adane Dagnew , Dagnachew Hailu , Jason S. Melo , Taye Zeru , Zerihun Tadesse , Benjamin F. Arnold , Matthew C. Freeman , Scott D. Nash , E Kelly Callahan , Travis C. Porco , Thomas M. Lietman , Jeremy D. Keenan

Background

Child growth faltering contributes significantly to global morbidity and mortality, with a disproportionate impact on low- and middle-income countries. Poor quality water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) has been identified as a risk factor, though prior studies have found mixed evidence for the effectiveness of WASH interventions.

Methods

The WASH Upgrades for Health in Amhara (WUHA) trial was a two-arm, parallel-group, cluster-randomized trial carried out in three districts of the Wag Hemra Zone of Amhara from 2016 to 2019 (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02754583). The intervention consisted of hygiene infrastructure improvements and hygiene promotion at the household, community, and school level. Height and weight were pre-specified secondary outcomes that were measured annually in the longitudinal cohort of children aged 0–5 years at baseline.

Results

Twenty communities were randomized to the WASH intervention and 20 to the control (delayed WASH) arm. Anthropometric measurements were done at baseline for a random sample of 613 children in the WASH intervention arm and 644 children in the control arm. There was no statistically significant difference over the 3-year study period for either height (0.1 cm lower in the WASH arm, 95 %CI -0.5 to 0.2, P = 0.45) or weight (0.02 kg higher in the WASH arm, 95 %CI -0.06 to 0.10, P = 0.64).

Conclusions

A comprehensive WASH intervention implemented for three years in rural Ethiopia did not improve growth among children 0–5 years old.

儿童生长迟缓是全球发病率和死亡率的重要因素，对低收入和中等收入国家的影响尤为严重。低质量的水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）已被确定为一个风险因素，尽管先前的研究发现了关于WASH干预措施有效性的混合证据。方法：Amhara地区WASH健康升级（WUHA）试验是一项两组、平行组、集群随机试验，于2016 - 2019年在Amhara地区Wag Hemra区的三个地区进行（ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02754583）。干预措施包括在家庭、社区和学校层面改善卫生基础设施和促进卫生。身高和体重是预先指定的次要结果，每年在0-5岁儿童的纵向队列中进行基线测量。结果20个社区随机分为WASH干预组和对照组（延迟WASH）。在基线时对WASH干预组的613名儿童和对照组的644名儿童进行了人体测量。在3年的研究期间，身高（WASH组低0.1 cm, 95% CI -0.5 ~ 0.2, P = 0.45）或体重（WASH组高0.02 kg, 95% CI -0.06 ~ 0.10, P = 0.64）均无统计学差异。结论在埃塞俄比亚农村实施3年的WASH综合干预并没有改善0-5岁儿童的生长。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative evaluation of decay characteristics of commonly used genetic faecal markers crAssphage and Bacteroides in complex river water microcosms 常用粪便遗传标记菌丝和拟杆菌在复杂河水微生物中腐烂特性的比较评价

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114713

Sophia D. Steinbacher , Mats Leifels , Claudia Kolm , Gerhard Lindner , Katalin Demeter , Alexander K.T. Kirschner , Julia Derx , Rita B. Linke , Regina Sommer , Andreas H. Farnleitner

Comparative information on decay characteristics of genetic faecal markers including crAssphage is very limited for water resources, although PCR-based indicator-diagnostics are increasingly used worldwide. To our knowledge, we performed the first comparative microcosm experiments to assess the decay behaviour of commonly used qPCR-based genetic faecal markers (crAssphages, HF183/BacR287, BacHum) in a large European river. In addition, cultivation-based standards (E. coli, intestinal enterococci, Clostridium perfringens spores, somatic coliphages) were enumerated to allow for a cross-comparison between novel and established targets. River water was spiked with raw sewage from two combined municipal sewer systems and incubated at 8 °C and 20 °C for up to 66 days. The focus of the experimental work was put on genetic faecal markers. Two different filtration methods targeting either virus/phages and bacteria (using mixed cellulose esters, MCE) or solely bacteria (using polycarbonate filters, PC) were also evaluated. Results indicated biphasic decay for all targets (i.e., initial fast followed by secondary slow decay), with Bacteroides markers showing lower persistence under all conditions when compared to crAssphage. In addition, a tendency for higher long-term persistence of crAssphage based on MCE filtration as compared to PC filtration was observed. Finally, a meta-data analysis was conducted, comparing the results obtained here with those from recent case studies. This analysis further substantiated the comparatively higher persistence and lower decay of crAssphage relative to Bacteroides markers and established FIO, with the sole exception of C. perfringens spores.

尽管基于pcr的指标诊断在世界范围内越来越多地使用，但关于包括水蛭在内的遗传粪便标志物的腐烂特征的比较信息非常有限。据我们所知，我们进行了第一次比较微观实验，以评估欧洲一条大河中常用的基于qpcr的遗传粪便标记物（crAssphages, HF183/BacR287, BacHum）的腐烂行为。此外，还列举了基于培养的标准（大肠杆菌、肠球菌、产气荚膜梭菌孢子、体细胞噬菌体），以便在新目标和既定目标之间进行交叉比较。将来自两个合并的市政下水道系统的未经处理的污水掺入河水中，并在8°C和20°C条件下孵育66天。实验工作的重点是粪便遗传标记。还对两种不同的过滤方法进行了评估，分别针对病毒/噬菌体和细菌（使用混合纤维素酯，MCE）或单独针对细菌（使用聚碳酸酯过滤器，PC）。结果表明，所有靶标均呈双相衰减（即最初的快速衰减，随后是次级缓慢衰减），拟杆菌标记物在所有条件下的持久性都低于草噬菌体。此外，与PC过滤相比，MCE过滤有更高的长期持久性的趋势。最后，进行了元数据分析，将这里获得的结果与最近的案例研究结果进行了比较。这一分析进一步证实了相对于拟杆菌标记物而言，草包菌具有较高的持久性和较低的腐烂率，并建立了FIO，唯一的例外是产气荚膜芽孢杆菌孢子。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing welding fume exposure in professional welders: An exploratory study of biomarkers and metabolomic profiles 评估专业焊工的焊接烟雾暴露：生物标志物和代谢组学概况的探索性研究

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114714

Ata Rafiee , David S. Wishart , Shelby S. Yamamoto , Lei Pei , Emily Quecke , Bernadette Quémerais

Welding fumes exposure is associated with various detrimental health consequences including cardiopulmonary diseases and cancer. We assessed welding fume exposure using biomonitoring, metalomics, and metabolomics. 38 professional welders (exposed) and 36 power line technicians (non-exposed) were recruited from various facilities in Alberta, Canada. Air sampling and urine collection were conducted. Metal levels were quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Metabolites were quantified using Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and linear mixed models (LMM) were performed using STATA 19.0 and MetaboAnalyst 5.0. Short-term and cumulative doses were calculated using air sampling data in the modified Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) method.

Elevated urinary levels of As, Cr, Fe, Mn, and Ni were observed in welders than in the non-exposed group (p˂0.05). Among the metabolites, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, arginine, asparagine, choline, and ornithine were proposed as potential biomarkers for welding fume exposure (AUC>0.7). ROC results identified metabolites associated with welding experience and smoking. LMM identified smoking as the main predictor of urinary Fe, Mn, and V, while short-term Cr and Sb doses predicted their urinary levels; welders' urinary metabolites were mainly influenced by welding experience and smoking.

Our study highlights the potential benefits of biomonitoring and metabolomics to assess the health effects of welding fume exposure. However, relatively small sample size and lacking biomarkers exploration by sex limit the generalizability of findings. Further investigation is recommended to explore the underlying mechanisms and the effects of other factors on the metabolomics profile in professional welders.

接触焊接烟雾与各种有害健康后果有关，包括心肺疾病和癌症。我们使用生物监测、金属组学和代谢组学来评估焊接烟雾暴露。38名专业焊工（暴露）和36名电线技术人员（未暴露）从加拿大艾伯塔省的各个设施招募。进行了空气采样和尿液采集。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测定金属含量。代谢产物采用液相色谱串联质谱法（LC-MS-MS）进行定量分析。采用STATA 19.0和MetaboAnalyst 5.0进行受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析和线性混合模型（LMM）分析。短期剂量和累积剂量是根据美国环境保护署（EPA）改进后的方法使用空气采样数据计算的。焊工尿中砷、铬、铁、锰和镍的含量高于未接触组（p小于0.05）。在代谢物中，β -羟基丁酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、胆碱和鸟氨酸被认为是焊接烟雾暴露的潜在生物标志物（AUC>0.7）。ROC结果确定了与焊接经验和吸烟相关的代谢物。LMM发现吸烟是尿Fe、Mn和V的主要预测因子，而短期Cr和Sb剂量预测其尿水平；焊工尿液代谢物主要受焊接经验和吸烟的影响。我们的研究强调了生物监测和代谢组学评估焊接烟雾暴露对健康影响的潜在益处。然而，相对较小的样本量和缺乏生物标志物的性别探索限制了研究结果的普遍性。建议进一步调查，以探索潜在的机制和其他因素对专业焊工代谢组学的影响。

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引用次数: 0

A comparison of two laboratory methods to measure urinary bisphenol A and triclosan in the Canadian Health Measures Survey 加拿大健康措施调查中测定尿液双酚A和三氯生的两种实验室方法的比较。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114715

Kavita Singh , Tyler Pollock , Subramanian Karthikeyan , Gabrielle Sauvageau , Christine MacKinnon-Roy , Mike Walker , Chun Lei Liang , Pierre Dumas , Jean-François Bienvenu , Éric Gaudreau , Sébastien Gagné

Objective

The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) employed two laboratory methods to measure each of bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan in urine. This analysis compares method performance.

Methods

Method E−475 used GC-MS/MS to measure BPA in recruitment cycles 1–6 and triclosan in recruitment cycles 2–4. Method E−505 used UPLC-MS/MS for BPA and triclosan in biobanked samples from recruitment cycles 4–6. Using unweighted concentrations for samples available from both methods, and removing observations < LOD (BPA Cycles 4–6, n = 3114 and triclosan Cycle 4, n = 651), we compared E−475 and E−505 with descriptive statistics, scatterplots, and Bland Altman analysis. An E−475 variation using isotope dilution (ID) was performed for triclosan. After applying a model to correct E−475 triclosan for ID (E−475m), we compared modeled results to E−505.

Results

The geometric mean (GM) for BPA from E−475 vs. E−505 was 1.2 vs. 1.1 μg/L. The E−475/E−505 GM ratio was 1.03, and the lower-upper limits of agreements (LOA) were 0.59–1.81. The GM for triclosan from E−475 vs. E−505 was 31 vs. 20 μg/L. E−475 concentrations were 1.56 times E−505, and the LOAs were 0.87–2.78. The GM for triclosan from E−475m vs. E−505 was 19 vs. 20 μg/L. E−475m concentrations were 0.93 times E−505, and the LOAs were 0.53–1.64.

Conclusions

BPA concentrations were comparable with E−475 and E−505. Triclosan concentrations were higher with E−475 than E−505. The E−475 triclosan concentrations became comparable to E−505 after correcting for ID. These results will have implications on whether BPA and triclosan data from the two methods can be combined and compared across CHMS recruitment cycles.

目的：加拿大健康措施调查（CHMS）采用两种实验室方法分别测定尿液中的双酚A （BPA）和三氯生。这个分析比较了方法的性能。方法：方法E-475采用GC-MS/MS法测定招募周期1-6和招募周期2-4的双酚a和三氯生含量。方法E-505采用UPLC-MS/MS对招募周期4-6的生物库样品进行双酚a和三氯生的检测。结果：E-475和E-505的双酚a几何平均值分别为1.2和1.1 μg/L。E-475/E-505 GM比值为1.03，协议下限（LOA）为0.59 ~ 1.81。E-475和E-505对三氯生的GM分别为31和20 μg/L。E-475浓度为E-505的1.56倍，LOAs为0.87 ~ 2.78。E-475m和E-505对三氯生的GM分别为19和20 μg/L。E-475m浓度为E-505的0.93倍，loa为0.53 ~ 1.64。结论：双酚a浓度与E-475、E-505相当。E-475的三氯生浓度高于E-505。校正ID后，E-475三氯生浓度与E-505相当。这些结果将对两种方法的双酚a和三氯生数据是否可以在CHMS招募周期内进行组合和比较产生影响。

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引用次数: 0

An overview of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST392 amid the AMR silent pandemic and consequent environmental dissemination and health risks 在抗生素耐药性无声大流行和随之而来的环境传播和健康风险中肺炎克雷伯菌ST392的概述

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114710

Rosaria Tinnirello , Gioacchin Iannolo , Alberto Cagigi , Bruno Douradinha

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely recognized as the silent pandemic, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to prioritize critical bacterial pathogens that demand urgent, innovative responses. Klebsiella pneumoniae, marked by extensive resistance to last-resort antibiotics and the absence of an effective vaccine, is among the most consequential of these threats. While high-profile sequence types (STs) such as ST258, ST512, ST101, ST307, ST147 and ST395 dominate interventions of healthcare-associated infections, other clinically important lineages remain underexplored. One such lineage is ST392, a member of clonal group 147 (CG147), increasingly reported in clinical settings worldwide.

Here, we describe what is currently known about nosocomial K. pneumoniae ST392 isolates and their impact within an environmental and One Health framework, examining how clinical reservoirs interface with hospital effluents and municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that can carry antimicrobials, antimicrobial-resistance genes (ARGs) and resistant bacteria into broader ecosystems. We synthesize current evidence on the epidemiology, resistome/virulome features, and putative dissemination pathways of ST392 across clinical and environmental compartments and consider how wastewater-based epidemiology can act as a sentinel for emergence and spread. Finally, we outline priorities for integrated surveillance and control, linking clinical microbiology, environmental monitoring and genomics, and discuss implications for infection prevention and control, stewardship, and wastewater management. In conclusion, we show the need for targeted strategies that address the full spectrum of K. pneumoniae lineages, including underrecognized ST392, to mitigate AMR risk to population health.

抗菌素耐药性（AMR）被广泛认为是无声的大流行，导致世界卫生组织（世卫组织）优先考虑需要紧急创新对策的关键细菌病原体。肺炎克雷伯菌是这些威胁中最严重的威胁之一，其特点是对最后的抗生素具有广泛的耐药性，而且缺乏有效的疫苗。虽然ST258、ST512、ST101、ST307、ST147和ST395等备受关注的序列类型在医疗保健相关感染的干预中占主导地位，但其他临床重要谱系仍未得到充分探索。其中一个这样的谱系是ST392，它是克隆群147 （CG147）的成员，在世界各地的临床环境中越来越多地报道。在这里，我们描述了目前已知的医院感染的肺炎克伯菌ST392分离株及其在环境和“一个健康”框架内的影响，研究了临床水库如何与医院废水和城市污水处理厂（WWTPs）相连接，这些污水处理厂可以将抗菌剂、抗菌素耐药基因（ARGs）和耐药细菌带入更广泛的生态系统。我们综合了目前关于ST392的流行病学、抵抗组/病毒组特征和假定的临床和环境传播途径的证据，并考虑了基于废水的流行病学如何作为出现和传播的哨兵。最后，我们概述了综合监测和控制的重点，将临床微生物学，环境监测和基因组学联系起来，并讨论了感染预防和控制，管理和废水管理的影响。总之，我们表明需要有针对性的策略来解决肺炎克雷伯菌谱系的全谱，包括未被识别的ST392，以减轻抗菌素耐药性对人群健康的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Prenatal nitrate and nitrite intake in mammals: A scoping review of effects and associations with pregnancy and maternal and child health 哺乳动物产前硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐摄入：与妊娠和母婴健康的影响和关联的范围审查。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114712

Leaf R. Kardol , Amina Rhaman , Erin Kelty , Shannon Morgan , Danielle J. Russell , Aster Gebremedhin , Sarah Bourke , Caitlin S. Wyrwoll

Nitrate and nitrite are present in drinking water, vegetables and processed meats. While they may offer health benefits in some contexts, high levels, especially during pregnancy, can be harmful. This scoping review investigates prenatal nitrate/nitrite exposure and maternal, child, pregnancy and birth outcomes, in animal models and humans. Six databases were searched systematically for peer-reviewed publications relating to nitrate and/or nitrite exposure in pregnancy. 3834 unique papers were identified, with 133 meeting inclusion criteria. In human studies (n = 66), high processed meat nitrite exposure was associated with congenital anomalies and childhood cancer, although primarily in conjunction with nitrosatable medication exposure. Fresh vegetable sources of nitrate/nitrite were associated with neutral or positive health outcomes. Prenatal drinking water nitrate exposure was moderately associated with preterm birth, while evidence for congenital anomalies, growth restriction, preeclampsia and early puberty was limited or inconsistent. Associations appeared at concentrations as low as 5 % of the WHO drinking water guideline. However, other water contaminants and exposures such as nitrosatable medications were only addressed in a minority of studies. Animal studies (n = 67) reported effects of nitrate/nitrite exposure on mortality and birthweights through pathways involving methemoglobinemia, inflammation, DNA-damage and endocrine disruption, however, dosing was often extreme. While vegetable sources of nitrate/nitrite show some health benefits, exposure to meat and drinking water sources should be limited, although safe limits and causal evidence are not fully established. Public health policy should prioritise decreasing nitrate exposure within the context of broader water quality concerns and barriers to perinatal health.

硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐存在于饮用水、蔬菜和加工肉类中。虽然它们在某些情况下可能对健康有益，但高剂量，特别是在怀孕期间，可能是有害的。本综述在动物模型和人类中调查了产前硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐暴露与孕产妇、儿童、妊娠和分娩结局。系统地检索了六个数据库，以获得与怀孕期间硝酸盐和/或亚硝酸盐暴露有关的同行评审出版物。鉴定出3834篇独特论文，其中133篇符合纳入标准。在人体研究中（n = 66），高加工肉类亚硝酸盐暴露与先天性异常和儿童癌症有关，尽管主要与亚硝酸盐药物暴露有关。新鲜蔬菜来源的硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐与中性或积极的健康结果相关。产前饮用水硝酸盐暴露与早产中度相关，而先天性异常、生长受限、先兆子痫和性早熟的证据有限或不一致。当浓度低至世卫组织饮用水指南的5%时，出现了关联。然而，其他水污染物和暴露，如亚硝基药物，只在少数研究中得到解决。动物研究（n = 67）报告了硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐暴露通过涉及高铁血红蛋白血症、炎症、dna损伤和内分泌干扰的途径对死亡率和出生体重的影响，然而，剂量往往是极端的。虽然蔬菜来源的硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐显示出一些健康益处，但应限制接触肉类和饮用水源，尽管安全限度和因果证据尚未完全确定。公共卫生政策应优先考虑在更广泛的水质问题和围产期健康障碍的背景下减少硝酸盐接触。

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引用次数: 0

Exposure to a mixture of endocrine disrupting chemicals and thyroid function tests in pregnant women in the SELMA study SELMA研究中孕妇暴露于内分泌干扰化学物质和甲状腺功能测试的混合物

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114711

Arash Derakhshan , Eva Tanner , Marlene Stratmann , Huan Shu , Robin P. Peeters , Barbara Demeneix , Chris Gennings , Tim I.M. Korevaar , Carl-Gustaf Bornehag

Background

Based on experimental and human studies, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can disrupt the thyroid hormone system. However, their association with thyroid function tests when considered as part of a chemical mixture is unknown.

Methods

We used data of 1970 pregnant women from the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal Mother and Child, Asthma and Allergy (SELMA) study to investigate the cross-sectional association between exposure to 26 chemical compounds with maternal thyroid function tests in early pregnancy, using Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression.

Results

Higher exposure to EDCs mixtures was associated with a lower FT3 [WQS Estimate per an IQR increase (95 % CI): −0.09 (−0.16 to −0.01), mostly driven by PCBs] and a lower TT3 [WQS Estimate per an IQR increase (95 % CI): −0.05 (−0.09 to −0.01), mostly driven by PFOS]. In addition, higher exposure to a mixture of short lived urinary based compounds was associated with a lower TT4/TT3 ratio while higher exposure to a mixture of persistent serum based compounds was associated with a higher TT4/TT3 ratio.

Conclusions

In this proof-of-principle analysis, we show that there could be an added benefit of analyzing thyroid hormone system disrupting EDCs using a mixture-based analysis approach. Our findings pave the way and provide hypotheses for future experimental and human studies to investigate the effects of EDCs as a mixture on the thyroid hormone system, revealing information on potential biological mechanisms explaining the associations from observational data.

根据实验和人体研究，内分泌干扰物质（EDCs）可以破坏甲状腺激素系统。然而，当它们被视为化学混合物的一部分时，它们与甲状腺功能测试的关系尚不清楚。方法采用瑞典环境纵向母婴、哮喘和过敏（SELMA）研究的1970例孕妇数据，采用加权分位数和（WQS）回归方法，研究26种化学物质暴露与妊娠早期母体甲状腺功能测试之间的横断面关联。结果较高的EDCs混合物暴露与较低的FT3[每IQR增加的WQS估计值（95% CI）： - 0.09(- 0.16至- 0.01)，主要由多氯联苯驱动]和较低的TT3[每IQR增加的WQS估计值（95% CI）： - 0.05(- 0.09至- 0.01)，主要由PFOS驱动]相关。此外，暴露于较短寿命的尿基化合物混合物的较高水平与较低的TT4/TT3比率相关，而暴露于较长寿命的血清基化合物混合物的较高水平与较高的TT4/TT3比率相关。在这个原理验证分析中，我们表明使用基于混合物的分析方法分析甲状腺激素系统干扰EDCs可能有一个额外的好处。我们的研究结果为未来的实验和人体研究铺平了道路，并提供了假设，以调查EDCs作为混合物对甲状腺激素系统的影响，揭示了解释观察数据关联的潜在生物学机制的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Unraveling the causes of Salmonella paratyphi B endemicity in Salta: A clinical-environmental perspective 揭示萨尔塔地区乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌流行的原因：一个临床-环境视角。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114708

M.N. Maidana Kulesza , V.B. Rajal , D.G. Sanguino Jorquera , V.L. Romero , M. Aparicio González , S. Leonardi , E.E. Campos , M.E. Bracamonte , N.L. Reynaga , M.P. Zago , H.R. Poma

Salmonella Paratyphi B (SPB) has become endemic in the city of Salta, Argentina, with a staggering burden of bloodstream infections requiring hospitalization. This study unravels the underlying drivers of this endemicity through an integrated clinical-environmental approach. A novel duplex qPCR system was developed to accurately distinguish SPB from other Salmonella serotypes, enabling precise diagnosis and treatment. Clinical analysis revealed SPB in 98 % of positive blood cultures, confirming its strong association with severe infections.

Contrary to initial hypotheses, the public drinking water network -supported by deep wells and systematic chlorination-showed negligible microbial contamination, ruling it out as the primary transmission route. Instead, environmental investigations uncovered widespread SPB in untreated wastewater, river water used for crop irrigation, and in leafy vegetables sold in local markets. SPB was detected in 40 % of lettuce, arugula, and celery samples during the rainy season, with contamination levels exceeding international safety standards by several orders of magnitude.

This widespread presence of SPB in fresh produce, coupled with its uniform detection across city districts regardless of socioeconomic level, points to a foodborne route of transmission through contaminated vegetables. Based on these findings, we propose a strategic intervention plan that includes public education, routine screening for chronic carriers, strengthened monitoring of irrigation water, improved vegetable quality control, and upgrades to wastewater treatment infrastructure.

This study highlights the importance of targeted, multidisciplinary approaches to address human-restricted pathogens and provides a roadmap for interrupting SPB transmission in endemic urban contexts.

乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌（SPB）已成为阿根廷萨尔塔市的地方病，血液感染的负担令人震惊，需要住院治疗。本研究通过综合临床-环境方法揭示了这种地方性的潜在驱动因素。建立了一种新的双工qPCR系统，可以准确区分SPB与其他沙门氏菌血清型，从而实现精确的诊断和治疗。临床分析显示，在98%的阳性血培养中发现SPB，证实其与严重感染密切相关。与最初的假设相反，由深井和系统氯化支持的公共饮用水网络显示出微不足道的微生物污染，排除了其作为主要传播途径的可能性。相反，环境调查发现，SPB广泛存在于未经处理的废水、用于作物灌溉的河水以及当地市场上出售的叶菜中。雨季期间，40%的莴苣、芝麻菜和芹菜样本中检测到SPB，污染水平超过国际安全标准几个数量级。新鲜农产品中SPB的广泛存在，再加上其在城市各地区（无论社会经济水平如何）的统一检测，表明了通过受污染蔬菜的食源性传播途径。基于这些发现，我们提出了一项战略干预计划，包括公众教育、对慢性携带者进行常规筛查、加强灌溉用水监测、改善蔬菜质量控制和升级废水处理基础设施。这项研究强调了有针对性的多学科方法的重要性，以解决人类限制的病原体，并为阻断SPB在流行城市环境中的传播提供了路线图。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated assessment of arsenic and pathogen contamination in surface waters impacted by mining activities and sewage discharge: challenges and strategies for water quality management and treatment 综合评估受采矿活动和污水排放影响的地表水中的砷和病原体污染：水质管理和处理的挑战和战略。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114709

Marina Muniz de Queiroz , Carolina Cristiane Pinto , Victor Rezende Moreira , Dawber Batista Ferreira , Janaína Neres Barbosa , Larissa Guarany Ramalho Elias , Cristiano Christofaro , Míriam Cristina Santos Amaral , Sílvia Corrêa Oliveira

Water contamination by arsenic is a serious public health concern due to its toxicity and long-term health effects, while the presence of pathogens poses immediate risks of waterborne diseases. Beyond these individual threats, their co-occurrence is particularly concerning, as arsenic has been linked to processes that can favor antimicrobial resistance by contributing to genetic mutations and activating bacterial defense mechanisms. Therefore, identifying regions where pathogens coexist with arsenic contamination is crucial. This study investigates simultaneous contamination by arsenic and pathogens in surface water bodies in Minas Gerais, Brazil, a state characterized by intensive mining activities and limited sanitation infrastructure. Data from 665 monitoring stations collected between 2000 and 2023 was used to analyze total arsenic, Escherichia coli, and other water quality parameters. Spatial and statistical analyses revealed critical contamination levels, with frequent violations of legal standards. In seven surface water monitoring points, arsenic and Escherichia coli levels exceeded limits in over 80 % of the samples. Conventional water treatment systems show difficulties to effectively remove arsenic, highlighting the need for region-specific solutions. The methods and protocols developed for Minas Gerais can be adapted to other regions facing similar challenges, offering a comprehensive model for water quality assessment and management that integrates rigorous monitoring, public policies, and practical guidance for water treatment. These findings underscore the importance of water treatment technologies and management strategies tailored to regional conditions to ensure water security and protect public health in scenarios of combined contamination.

由于砷的毒性和对健康的长期影响，水污染是一个严重的公共卫生问题，而病原体的存在则构成水传播疾病的直接风险。除了这些单独的威胁之外，它们的共存尤其令人担忧，因为砷与通过促进基因突变和激活细菌防御机制而有利于抗菌素耐药性的过程有关。因此，确定病原体与砷污染共存的区域至关重要。本研究调查了巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州地表水中砷和病原体的同时污染，米纳斯吉拉斯州的特点是采矿活动密集，卫生基础设施有限。2000年至2023年间收集的665个监测站的数据用于分析总砷、大肠杆菌和其他水质参数。空间和统计分析揭示了严重的污染水平，经常违反法律标准。在7个地表水监测点，超过80%的样本中砷和大肠杆菌含量超标。传统的水处理系统难以有效地去除砷，因此需要针对特定区域的解决方案。为米纳斯吉拉斯州制定的方法和协议可以适用于面临类似挑战的其他地区，为水质评估和管理提供一个综合模型，将严格的监测、公共政策和水处理的实际指导结合起来。这些发现强调了根据区域情况量身定制的水处理技术和管理战略的重要性，以确保在综合污染情况下的水安全和保护公众健康。

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引用次数: 0