International journal of hygiene and environmental health最新文献_第3页

In utero and early childhood exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and use of antibiotics in children from the Odense Child Cohort: A Danish cohort study 来自欧登塞儿童队列的儿童在子宫和幼儿期接触全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质以及抗生素的使用：一项丹麦队列研究。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114734

Nete Lundager Klokker Rausgaard , Lise Gehrt , Martin Thomsen Ernst , Iben Have Beck , Flemming Nielsen , Helene Kildegaard , Anton Pottegård , Tina Kold Jensen , Lars Christian Lund

Background

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been associated with an increased risk of infectious diseases. We aimed to investigate if in utero and early childhood exposure to PFAS was associated with the number of antibiotic prescriptions up to eight years of age.

Methods

Among 2448 singleton mother-child pairs from the Odense Child Cohort, 1425 had sufficient information on key variables and were included in the primary analysis. Information on redeemed antibiotic prescriptions from birth to eight years of age was obtained from the Danish National Prescription Registry. Longitudinal discrete-time Poisson models were used to quantify the relationship between PFAS and the number of antibiotic prescriptions redeemed. Analyses were carried out separately for PFAS measured in the mother during pregnancy and in the child at 18 months of age. Missing information was imputed using Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations.

Results

We observed no differences in the number of antibiotic prescriptions in the first eight years of life when comparing median and high PFAS concentrations measured in both pregnancy and at 18 months of age (rate ratio PFOA 1.01, 95 % confidence interval 0.94–1.08; PFOS 1.08, 0.98–1.19; PFNA 1.00, 0.94–1.07; PFDA 0.99, 0.94–1.04; PFHxS 1.02, 0.98–1.07).

Conclusion

We found no association between in utero or early childhood PFAS concentrations and number of antibiotic prescriptions up to eight years of age. Antibiotic prescriptions may be an unspecific marker of childhood infections, hampering the possibility to observe an association with PFAS exposure.

Trial registration

Real World Evidence Registry: https://osf.io/dyqxm, registered March 8, 2023.

背景：全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）与传染病风险增加有关。我们的目的是调查在子宫和儿童早期暴露于PFAS是否与8岁前抗生素处方的数量有关。方法：在欧登塞儿童队列的2448对独生子女中，1425对关键变量信息充分，纳入初步分析。从出生到8岁的抗生素处方的信息是从丹麦国家处方登记处获得的。使用纵向离散泊松模型来量化PFAS与抗生素处方赎回数量之间的关系。分别对母亲怀孕期间和孩子18个月时的PFAS进行分析。缺失信息的输入采用链式方程的多重输入。结果：比较妊娠期和18月龄时PFAS中位浓度和高浓度时，我们观察到前8年抗生素处方数量无差异（比率比PFOA 1.01, 95%可信区间0.94-1.08;PFOS 1.08, 0.98-1.19; PFNA 1.00, 0.94-1.07; PFDA 0.99, 0.94-1.04; PFHxS 1.02, 0.98-1.07）。结论：我们没有发现子宫内或儿童早期PFAS浓度与8岁前抗生素处方数量之间的关联。抗生素处方可能是儿童感染的非特异性标记，阻碍了观察与PFAS暴露相关的可能性。试验注册：Real World Evidence Registry: https://osf.io/dyqxm， 2023年3月8日注册。

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引用次数: 0

Urinary cotinine cut-offs for tobacco smoke exposure in pregnancy and associations with child intelligence quotient: A multi-cohort analysis 妊娠期暴露于烟草烟雾中的尿可替宁临界值与儿童智商的关系：一项多队列分析

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114744

Yu Ni , Logan C. Dearborn , Adam A. Szpiro , Christine T. Loftus , Qi Zhao , Nicole R. Bush , Kaja Z. LeWinn , Marnie F. Hazlehurst , Thomas F. Northrup , Penelope J.E. Quintana , Eunha Hoh , Georg Matt , Catherine J. Karr

Background

Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke may impair neurodevelopment in children. However, accurately characterizing this exposure remains challenging.

Methods

We pursued two objectives in this large population study. First, in 1708 pregnant women from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort, we constructed Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves to determine urinary cotinine cut-offs to classify firsthand (FHS), environmental (ETS), and no exposure, and further distinguished secondhand (SHS) from thirdhand smoke (THS) exposure within ETS. Second, among 1593 participants in three pregnancy cohorts nested in ECHO, we fit multivariable linear regressions to examine the association between the newly defined smoke exposures and child full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) at age 4–6 years, and to assess potential effect modification by maternal education or neighborhood deprivation.

Results

Optimal cotinine cut-offs were 17.74 ng/mL and 0.44 ng/mL to discriminate FHS and no exposure, respectively. Among the ETS group, a cut-off of 5.69 ng/mL differentiated SHS from THS. Applying these optimal cut-offs, we estimated a 0.93-point (95 %CI: 3.44, 1.59) and a 1.03-point (95 %CI: 2.84, 0.79) lower child IQ in the FHS and ETS categories, respectively, compared to no exposure. The inverse association between prenatal ETS and child IQ was mainly driven by SHS. Stronger associations were suggested in subgroups with higher education attainment or those living in less deprived neighborhoods.

Conclusions

This study provides a novel classification of prenatal tobacco smoke exposures. Although the associations with child IQ were statistically insignificant, the study carries important implications for future research on developmental origins of diseases.

产前接触烟草烟雾可能损害儿童的神经发育。然而，准确地描述这种暴露仍然具有挑战性。方法在这项大规模人群研究中，我们追求两个目标。首先，在来自环境影响儿童健康结局（ECHO）队列的1708名孕妇中，我们构建了受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线来确定尿可替宁的截止值，以分类第一手（FHS）、环境（ETS）和无暴露，并进一步区分ETS中的二手（SHS）和三手烟（THS）暴露。其次，在ECHO中嵌套的三个妊娠队列的1593名参与者中，我们拟合多变量线性回归来检验新定义的烟雾暴露与4-6岁儿童全面智商（IQ）之间的关系，并评估母亲教育或邻里剥夺的潜在影响。结果可替宁的最佳临界值分别为17.74 ng/mL和0.44 ng/mL。在ETS组中，将SHS与THS区分开来的截止值为5.69 ng/mL。应用这些最佳截断值，我们估计与没有暴露相比，FHS和ETS类别的儿童智商分别降低0.93点（95% CI: 3.44, 1.59）和1.03点（95% CI: 2.84, 0.79）。产前ETS与儿童智商呈负相关，主要由SHS驱动。在受教育程度较高或生活在较贫困社区的亚组中，这种关联更强。结论本研究提供了一种新的产前烟草烟雾暴露分类方法。虽然与儿童智商的关联在统计上不显著，但这项研究对未来研究疾病的发育起源具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Paternal preconception urinary concentrations of bisphenol A and F in relation to in vitro fertilization outcomes: A prospective cohort study 父亲孕前尿双酚A和F浓度与体外受精结果的关系：一项前瞻性队列研究。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114739

Ningxin Zhang , Yue Zhao , Lingling Zhai , Yannan Zhao , Kuai Yu , Lihong Jia

Bisphenol F (BPF), a substitute for the widely recognized environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA), is increasingly utilized in consumer products. Despite the well-established association of BPA with adverse reproductive outcomes, the association with BPF exposure on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes remains largely unknown, particularly regarding paternal exposure, given that male factors already account for approximately 40 % of global infertility. We aimed to evaluate the associations between exposure to BPA and BPF and IVF outcomes among men undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. The study enrolled 128 men undergoing ART treatment from a prospective cohort study in Shenyang, China, between September 2020 and February 2021. Urinary levels of bisphenols using mass spectrometry. Compared to the lowest quartile, men with urinary BPA concentrations in the highest quartile had 0.10 lower adjusted fertilization rate (95 % CI: 0.18, −0.02). Men with urinary BPA concentrations in the highest quartile had a lower probability of live birth compared to those with concentrations in the lowest quartile (adjusted RR = 0.27, 95 % CI: 0.09, −0.86). The quantile g-computation (QGC) model revealed that per quantile increase in the bisphenol mixture was inversely associated with fertilization rate (adjusted β = −0.04, 95 % CI: 0.07, −0.01) and probability of live birth (adjusted RR = 0.54, 95 % CI: 0.34, 0.85). Male co-exposure to BPA and BPF was inversely associated with IVF outcomes, including reduced fertilization rate and the probability of a live birth. Public health initiatives should prioritize reducing bisphenol exposure in men to mitigate infertility risks, not merely focusing on women.

双酚F （BPF）是公认的环境内分泌干扰化学物质双酚a （BPA）的替代品，在消费品中的应用越来越广泛。尽管双酚a与不良生殖结果的关系已得到证实，但BPA暴露与体外受精（IVF）结果的关系在很大程度上仍然未知，特别是关于父亲暴露，因为男性因素已经占全球不孕症的40%左右。我们的目的是评估在接受辅助生殖技术（ART）治疗的男性中BPA和BPF暴露与IVF结果之间的关系。该研究从2020年9月至2021年2月在中国沈阳进行的一项前瞻性队列研究中招募了128名接受ART治疗的男性。用质谱法测定尿液中双酚类物质的含量。与最低的四分位数相比，尿液中BPA浓度最高的四分位数的男性调整受精率降低了0.10 （95% CI: 0.18, -0.02）。尿中BPA浓度最高的男性与浓度最低的男性相比，活产的可能性更低（调整后RR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09, -0.86）。分位数g计算（QGC）模型显示，双酚混合物每增加分位数与受精率（调整后的β = -0.04, 95% CI: 0.07, -0.01）和活产概率（调整后的RR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.85）呈负相关。男性同时暴露于BPA和BPF与体外受精结果呈负相关，包括受精率降低和活产的可能性。公共卫生倡议应优先减少男性双酚暴露，以减轻不育风险，而不仅仅是关注女性。

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引用次数: 0

Maternal and paternal smoking and offspring antral follicle count in women from an infertility clinic 不孕症门诊妇女父母亲吸烟与子代卵泡计数的关系。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114719

Sarahna A. Moyd , Robert B. Hood , Qiang Zhang , Lidia Minguez-Alarcon , Russ Hauser , Irene Souter , Audrey J. Gaskins

Background

The ovarian reserve is established in utero, and therefore may be influenced by parental characteristics such as tobacco smoking. However, the epidemiologic literature on parental smoking and adult antral follicle count (AFC) remains conflicted.

Research design and methods

Our study included 631 women enrolled in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) study, a prospective cohort at an academic fertility center between 2005 and 2019. Exposure was assessed by women self-reporting their mother's and father's overall and pregnancy specific smoking status. Outcome was assessed via AFC measured using transvaginal ultrasonography day 3 of an unstimulated menstrual cycle or progesterone withdrawal bleed. Adjusted multivariable Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to estimate associations between participant maternal and paternal smoking exposure and AFC.

Results

The women in our study were mostly ≥35 years (55 %), never smokers (74 %), college-educated (92 %), White (84 %), and US born (76 %). The median AFC was 13.5 (interquartile range: 8–18). History of maternal smoking was not associated with AFC (ever vs never smoker: 1.3 %, 95 % CI: 8.4 %, 6.4 %) nor was maternal smoking during pregnancy (smoked during pregnancy vs. never smoker: 4.6 %, 95 % CI: 7.6 %, 18.4 %). History of paternal smoking was associated with lower AFC (ever vs never: 9.9 %; 95 % CI: 16.3 %, −2.9 %). Participants who reported that both their parents were ever smokers averaged 10.9 % lower AFC (95 % CI: 18.6 %, −2.5 %) compared to participants whose parents never smoked.

Conclusion

Paternal smoking, including time periods outside the pregnancy window, may negatively influence the long-term ovarian development and function in female offspring.

Trial registration number

NCT00011713.

背景：卵巢储备是在子宫内建立的，因此可能受到父母特征（如吸烟）的影响。然而，关于父母吸烟和成人窦卵泡计数（AFC）的流行病学文献仍然存在矛盾。研究设计和方法：我们的研究纳入了631名参加环境与生殖健康（EARTH）研究的女性，这是2005年至2019年在一家学术生育中心进行的前瞻性队列研究。通过妇女自我报告其母亲和父亲的总体吸烟状况以及怀孕期间的具体吸烟状况来评估暴露程度。结果通过经阴道超声测量无刺激月经周期或黄体酮戒断性出血第3天的AFC来评估。采用稳健性标准误差的校正多变量泊松回归来估计参与者父母吸烟暴露与AFC之间的关系。结果：我们研究中的女性大多年龄≥35岁（55%），从不吸烟（74%），受过大学教育（92%），白人（84%）和美国出生（76%）。AFC中位数为13.5（四分位数间距：8-18）。母亲吸烟史与AFC无关（曾经吸烟vs从不吸烟：1.3%,95% CI: 8.4%, 6.4%），怀孕期间吸烟与AFC无关（怀孕期间吸烟vs从不吸烟：4.6%,95% CI: 7.6%, 18.4%）。父亲吸烟史与较低的AFC相关（曾经与从不：9.9%;95% CI: 16.3%, - 2.9%）。与父母从不吸烟的参与者相比，父母都曾经吸烟的参与者平均AFC降低10.9% （95% CI: 18.6%, - 2.5%）。结论：父亲吸烟，包括妊娠期外吸烟，可能对女性子代卵巢的长期发育和功能产生负面影响。试验注册号：NCT00011713。

{"title":"Maternal and paternal smoking and offspring antral follicle count in women from an infertility clinic","authors":"Sarahna A. Moyd , Robert B. Hood , Qiang Zhang , Lidia Minguez-Alarcon , Russ Hauser , Irene Souter , Audrey J. Gaskins","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The ovarian reserve is established <em>in utero</em>, and therefore may be influenced by parental characteristics such as tobacco smoking. However, the epidemiologic literature on parental smoking and adult antral follicle count (AFC) remains conflicted.</div></div><div><h3>Research design and methods</h3><div>Our study included 631 women enrolled in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) study, a prospective cohort at an academic fertility center between 2005 and 2019. Exposure was assessed by women self-reporting their mother's and father's overall and pregnancy specific smoking status. Outcome was assessed via AFC measured using transvaginal ultrasonography day 3 of an unstimulated menstrual cycle or progesterone withdrawal bleed. Adjusted multivariable Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to estimate associations between participant maternal and paternal smoking exposure and AFC.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The women in our study were mostly ≥35 years (55 %), never smokers (74 %), college-educated (92 %), White (84 %), and US born (76 %). The median AFC was 13.5 (interquartile range: 8–18). History of maternal smoking was not associated with AFC (ever vs never smoker: 1.3 %, 95 % CI: 8.4 %, 6.4 %) nor was maternal smoking during pregnancy (smoked during pregnancy vs. never smoker: 4.6 %, 95 % CI: 7.6 %, 18.4 %). History of paternal smoking was associated with lower AFC (ever vs never: 9.9 %; 95 % CI: 16.3 %, −2.9 %). Participants who reported that both their parents were ever smokers averaged 10.9 % lower AFC (95 % CI: 18.6 %, −2.5 %) compared to participants whose parents never smoked.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Paternal smoking, including time periods outside the pregnancy window, may negatively influence the long-term ovarian development and function in female offspring.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>NCT00011713.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 114719"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145679800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deconjugation enzymes - pitfalls, contamination risks, and practical insights from human biomonitoring of bisphenols, phthalates, and oxidative stress markers 解偶联酶-陷阱，污染风险，从人类生物监测双酚类，邻苯二甲酸酯和氧化应激标志物的实际见解。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114730

Ian Zammit , Yuya Cheng , Daniel Bury , Xianyu Wang , Jochen F. Mueller , Holger M. Koch

Human biomonitoring assesses exposure to xenobiotics via human samples such as urine. Xenobiotics can undergo Phase I and II metabolism, with Phase II forming conjugates such as glucuronides and sulfates. Deconjugation enzymes hydrolyse conjugates to the free biomarker form for analytical quantification. Deconjugation enzymes are commercially available and include digestive enzyme mixtures from molluscs and from recombinant microorganisms. This paper provides contextual information on the metabolism of xenobiotics and the role of deconjugation enzymes, outlining good practices and pitfalls to avoid. Contamination of enzyme extracts is an important consideration, as the tested extracts contained background levels of bisphenol A and several oxidative stress biomarkers. Concentrations ranged from tens of ng/mL for bisphenol A (73 ng/mL) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (26 ng/mL) to thousands of ng/mL for N-carboxymethyllysine (2850 ng/mL) and N-carboxyethyllysine (1080 ng/mL). This work also demonstrates potential incompatibilities of deconjugation enzymes with workflows for certain compound classes. Several Helix pomatia extracts (e.g. HP-2) are shown to be incompatible with ester-containing analytes. Phthalates showed conversion from diesters to monoesters, with butyl phthalate the highest at >80 %. These monoesters are also Phase I metabolism products. If exposure assessment relied only on these monoesters as biomarkers, the use of Helix pomatia extract would result in overestimations, as at least part of these compounds would originate from enzymatic breakdown rather than true systemic human metabolism. When employed well, deconjugation enzymes are particularly valuable because they simplify analytical workflows and enhance data reliability and consistency between studies. This work provides guidance to support these objectives.

人体生物监测评估通过人体样本（如尿液）暴露于异种生物的情况。异种生物可以经历第一阶段和第二阶段的代谢，第二阶段形成缀合物，如葡萄糖醛酸盐和硫酸盐。解偶联酶水解偶联到自由的生物标志物形式进行分析定量。解结酶是市售的，包括来自软体动物和重组微生物的消化酶混合物。本文提供了有关外源代谢和解结酶的作用的背景信息，概述了良好的做法和陷阱，以避免。酶提取物的污染是一个重要的考虑因素，因为测试的提取物含有双酚A和几种氧化应激生物标志物的背景水平。浓度范围从双酚A （73 ng/mL）和8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷（26 ng/mL）的几十ng/mL到n -羧甲基赖氨酸（2850 ng/mL）和n -羧乙基赖氨酸（1080 ng/mL）的数千ng/mL不等。这项工作还证明了解偶联酶与某些化合物类别的工作流程的潜在不兼容性。一些Helix pomatia提取物（例如HP-2）被证明与含酯的分析物不相容。邻苯二甲酸酯有从二酯到单酯的转化，其中邻苯二甲酸丁酯的转化率最高，达到80 %。这些单酯也是I期代谢产物。如果暴露评估仅依赖于这些单酯作为生物标志物，使用Helix pomatia提取物会导致高估，因为至少部分这些化合物来自酶分解，而不是真正的全身人体代谢。如果使用得当，解偶联酶特别有价值，因为它们简化了分析工作流程，提高了数据的可靠性和研究之间的一致性。这项工作为支持这些目标提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Detection of free-living amoebae and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in two drinking water networks in eastern Pennsylvania 宾夕法尼亚州东部两个饮水管网中游离变形虫和嗜麦芽窄养单胞菌的检测

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114728

Jennifer A. Rao, Kristen L. Jellison

The presence of free-living amoebae (FLA) in drinking water systems, along with the pathogens they harbor, is a global concern. Free-living amoebae are ubiquitous microorganisms found in both natural and man-made environments. Some FLA can cause fatal infections such as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) and amoebic keratitis (AK). Additionally, certain FLA may harbor pathogenic bacteria and play a role in their fate and transport.

In this study, we investigated the presence of FLA and the endosymbiotic opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in drinking water delivery networks. Known for its multi-drug resistance, S. maltophilia has been associated with infections in immunocompromised people, especially those in hospitals.

From January 2022 to December 2023, raw and finished water samples were collected approximately monthly from two Pennsylvania water utilities. Free-living amoebae were detected by filtration and plating. Results showed 74 % (56/76) of all raw water samples, and 22 % (15/69) and 14 % (12/83) of finished water samples from the two utilities, respectively, were positive for FLA by microscopy. Confirmatory testing using DNA extraction, PCR, and Sanger sequencing showed that 47 % (36/76) of all raw water samples, and 20 % (14/69) and 14 % (12/83) of finished water samples from the two utilities, respectively, were positive for at least one of the targeted FLA. Vermamoeba vermiformis was the most frequently recovered FLA, followed by Acanthamoeba spp. Potentially endosymbiotic S. maltophilia was recovered at various locations throughout the water treatment plants and the distribution system, demonstrating that FLA can serve as vectors that transport bacteria through conventional water treatment processes.

饮用水系统中存在自由生活的变形虫（FLA），以及它们所携带的病原体，是一个全球关注的问题。自由生活的变形虫是在自然和人造环境中普遍存在的微生物。一些FLA可引起致命性感染，如原发性阿米巴脑膜脑炎（PAM）和阿米巴角膜炎（AK）。此外，某些FLA可能携带致病菌，并在其命运和运输中发挥作用。在这项研究中，我们调查了FLA和内共生条件致病菌嗜麦芽窄养单胞菌在饮用水输送网络中的存在。嗜麦芽葡萄球菌以其耐多药而闻名，与免疫功能低下人群的感染有关，尤其是医院患者。从2022年1月到2023年12月，大约每月从宾夕法尼亚州的两家水务公司收集原水和成品水样。采用过滤法和电镀法检测游离变形虫。结果显示，两家公用事业公司的所有原水样品中有74%（56/76）、成品水样中分别有22%（15/69）和14%（12/83）在显微镜下呈FLA阳性。使用DNA提取、PCR和Sanger测序的验证性测试表明，来自两家公用事业公司的所有原水样品中47%（36/76）、成品水样中分别有20%（14/69）和14%（12/83）对至少一种目标FLA呈阳性。蠕形虫是最常见的FLA，其次是棘阿米巴。在整个水处理厂和分配系统的不同位置都发现了潜在的内共生嗜麦芽链球菌，这表明FLA可以作为载体通过常规水处理过程运输细菌。

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引用次数: 0

Association between residential proximity to crop areas and childhood acute leukemia risk in mainland France – GEOCAP case-control study 在法国大陆，居住地靠近种植区与儿童急性白血病风险的关系——GEOCAP病例对照研究

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114737

Matthieu Mancini , Laure Faure , Claire Poulalhon , Aurélie Danjou , Stéphanie Goujon

Background

Pesticide exposures are suspected to be a risk factor for several childhood cancers, particularly acute leukemia (AL) and the most common type, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The role of environmental exposures due to agricultural uses of pesticides remains debated.

Objective

The study aimed to investigate whether residential proximity to different crops, used as a proxy for pesticide exposures, is associated with an increased risk of AL in France.

Methods

We included 2731 AL cases diagnosed in 2008–2013 and 28,303 controls representative of the contemporary French pediatric population (1–14 years old), drawn from the national registry-based GEOCAP study. National annual maps of agricultural land use were developed to assess proximity to 13 crop types. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age were used to evaluate the association with the densities of crops within 1000 m of children's addresses. A hierarchical classification was also used to categorize children according to their agricultural neighborhood profiles.

Results

The majority of children (69 %) lived less than 1000 m from crops at time of diagnosis/inclusion. Barley and viticulture densities were positively associated with ALL: Odds ratio (OR) = 1.05 (1.00–1.10) and 1.06 (0.99–1.13) for a density increase of 3 % and 10 %, respectively. Two agricultural neighborhood profiles were also associated with an increased risk of ALL: ‘Vines (large areas)’, OR = 1.35 (1.03–1.78) and ‘Wheat with diverse crops’, OR = 1.28 (1.10–1.49). The results remained stable across sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion

Our results support the hypothesis of a role of agricultural pesticide exposures in childhood ALL risk. Future research should focus on the chemical substances applied to crops.

背景：农药暴露被怀疑是几种儿童癌症的危险因素，特别是急性白血病（AL）和最常见的急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）。由于农业使用农药而造成的环境暴露的作用仍然存在争议。目的：该研究旨在调查法国不同作物的住宅邻近程度（作为农药暴露的代表）是否与AL风险增加有关。方法：我们纳入了2008-2013年诊断的2731例AL病例和28,303例对照，这些病例代表了当代法国儿科人群（1-14岁），来自全国基于登记的GEOCAP研究。制定了全国农业土地利用年度地图，以评估与13种作物类型的接近程度。使用调整年龄的多变量logistic回归模型来评估与儿童地址1000米内作物密度的关系。分层分类也被用于根据他们的农业社区概况对儿童进行分类。结果：大多数儿童（69%）在诊断/纳入时生活在距离作物不到1000米的地方。大麦和葡萄密度与ALL呈显著正相关：当密度增加3%和10%时，优势比分别为1.05（1.00-1.10）和1.06（0.99-1.13）。两种农业社区情况也与ALL风险增加有关：“葡萄（大面积）”，OR = 1.35（1.03-1.78）和“小麦与多种作物”，OR = 1.28（1.10-1.49）。结果在敏感性分析中保持稳定。结论：我们的研究结果支持农药暴露与儿童ALL风险有关的假设。今后的研究应集中在应用于作物的化学物质上。

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引用次数: 0

Examining the effect of neighborhood sanitation coverage on childhood diarrheal disease in rural Bangladesh 检查社区卫生设施覆盖对孟加拉国农村儿童腹泻病的影响。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114732

Hannah Van Wyk , Andrew F. Brouwer , Jesse Contreras , Mahbubur Rahman , Mahfuza Islam , Amy J. Pickering , Benjamin F. Arnold , Stephen P. Luby , John M. Colford , Matthew Freeman , Ayse Ercumen , Joseph N.S. Eisenberg

Background

Neighborhood-level sanitation coverage may offer significant indirect protection against diarrheal disease, an observation that has been supported by several studies.

Methods

We analyzed the protective effect of neighborhood sanitation coverage using harmonized data from two studies: a randomized control trial (RCT) examining the effectiveness of improved compound-level sanitation and an observational study that collected information on compounds within 100 m of the RCT study compounds. We developed the Neighborhood Sanitation & Fecal Exposure (NSFE) metric, which estimates the fecal contamination at a study compound based on the demographic and sanitation characteristics of the neighborhood. NSFE is a function of the number of individuals and latrine quality at surrounding compounds, the distance to neighboring compounds, and the effectiveness of hygienic and unhygienic latrines relative to open defecation. We modeled the relationship between NSFE and childhood diarrheal prevalence within RCT study compounds. Finally, we examined counterfactual scenarios to understand how much of the observed diarrheal burden was attributable to neighbors’ latrine quality.

Results

We estimated a 3.6-fold increase in diarrheal prevalence between compounds with the highest and lowest NSFE, with about two-thirds of this association concentrated in compounds between the 90th and 100th percentile of NSFE values. In counterfactual scenarios, we estimate that 15.5 % of the entire diarrheal disease burden in children living in the study compounds would be eliminated if all neighboring compounds had high-quality latrines.

Conclusion

Community effects associated with neighborhood sanitation coverage are important drivers of diarrheal disease and should be considered in future designs of sanitation interventions. Our findings support the importance of universal basic sanitation as a target for United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6.

背景：社区一级的卫生设施覆盖可能对腹泻疾病提供重要的间接保护，这一观察结果已得到几项研究的支持。方法：我们使用来自两项研究的统一数据分析了社区卫生设施覆盖率的保护作用：一项随机对照试验（RCT）检验了改善小区卫生设施的有效性，另一项观察性研究收集了RCT研究小区100米范围内的小区信息。我们开发了社区卫生和粪便暴露（NSFE）指标，该指标根据社区的人口统计和卫生特征估计研究小区的粪便污染。NSFE是个体数量和周围小区的厕所质量、与邻近小区的距离以及卫生和不卫生厕所相对于露天排便的有效性的函数。我们在RCT研究化合物中模拟了NSFE与儿童腹泻患病率之间的关系。最后，我们检查了反事实情景，以了解观察到的腹泻负担有多少可归因于邻居的厕所质量。结果：我们估计，具有最高和最低NSFE的化合物之间腹泻患病率增加3.6倍，其中约三分之二的关联集中在NSFE值的第90和第100百分位数之间的化合物中。在反事实的情况下，我们估计，如果所有邻近的小区都有高质量的厕所，生活在研究小区的儿童的腹泻病负担的15.5%将被消除。结论：与社区卫生设施覆盖率相关的社区效应是腹泻病的重要驱动因素，在未来的卫生干预措施设计中应予以考虑。我们的研究结果支持将普遍基本卫生设施作为联合国可持续发展目标6的一项具体目标的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Perinatal environmental exposures, maternal mental health and cognitive outcomes in very preterm infants born in urban London 围产期环境暴露，孕产妇心理健康和认知结果在伦敦城市出生的极早产儿。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114740

Zeyuan Sun , Kaili Liang , Andrew Lawrence , Marguerite Leoni , Serena J. Counsell , Paola Dazzan , A David Edwards , Chiara Nosarti

Introduction

Very preterm (VPT) infants face elevated neurodevelopmental risks. The impact of perinatal environmental exposures, where complex factors may affect maternal mental health and infant outcomes, remains poorly understood. This study examines how joint environmental exposures relate to postnatal maternal anxiety and neurodevelopment in VPT infants.

Methods

We included 427 VPT infants born in Greater London (2010–2013). We derived residential environmental exposures: air pollutants, noise, and open space. Clustering analysis identified exposure profiles. At term-equivalent age (38–44 weeks), infants underwent T2-weighted MRI for brain volume and cortical feature analysis. Maternal anxiety, assessed at term; neurodevelopment, evaluated at 18–24 months; and brain development were compared between exposure clusters, adjusting for socioeconomic status (SES). We further explored the role of SES in environmental exposure.

Results

Three exposure profiles emerged. Compared to Group 1 (reference; n = 358), Group 2 (n = 42), characterised by poor air quality and limited open space, had a higher risk of cognitive delay and greater socioeconomic disadvantage. Conversely, Group 3 (n = 27; low noise exposure) exhibited reduced maternal anxiety. SES contributed 20.91 % of the environmental effect on cognitive delay. No significant differences in brain volumes or cortical features were observed.

Conclusion

Perinatal environmental exposures have distinct effects on maternal-infant outcomes. Neurotoxicant exposure and limited access to restorative environments may negatively impact early neurodevelopment, while noise reduction may support maternal mental health. These findings underscore the importance of environmental factors in shaping early development and highlight the need for further research into underlying biological mechanisms and long-term effects.

极早产儿（VPT）面临较高的神经发育风险。围产期环境暴露的影响，其中复杂因素可能影响产妇心理健康和婴儿结局，仍然知之甚少。本研究探讨了联合环境暴露与产后母亲焦虑和VPT婴儿神经发育的关系。方法：我们纳入了2010-2013年在大伦敦出生的427名VPT婴儿。我们得出了住宅环境暴露：空气污染物、噪音和开放空间。聚类分析确定了暴露概况。在足月等龄（38-44周），婴儿接受t2加权MRI检查脑容量和皮质特征分析。产妇焦虑，足月评估；神经发育，18-24个月时评估；在调整社会经济地位（SES）后，比较不同暴露组之间的大脑发育情况。我们进一步探讨了SES在环境暴露中的作用。结果：出现了三种暴露谱。与第1组（参考文献；n = 358）相比，第2组（n = 42）的特点是空气质量差，开放空间有限，认知延迟的风险更高，社会经济劣势更大。相反，第3组（n = 27；低噪音暴露）表现出降低的母亲焦虑。环境因素对认知延迟的影响占20.91%。在脑容量或皮质特征上没有观察到显著差异。结论：围产期环境暴露对母婴结局有明显影响。接触神经毒物和接触恢复性环境的机会有限可能对早期神经发育产生负面影响，而减少噪音可能有助于产妇的心理健康。这些发现强调了环境因素在塑造早期发育中的重要性，并强调了进一步研究潜在生物学机制和长期影响的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Prenatal ambient heat exposure and neurodevelopment: A scoping review of human and animal research 产前环境热暴露和神经发育：人类和动物研究的范围综述

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114741

Amina Rhaman , Danielle J. Russell , Leaf R. Kardol , Ebony Quintrell , Shannon Morgan , Candra Maung , Azmain Talukder , Aster Gebremedhin , Stephanie Tan , Ramya Padmavathy Radha Krishnan , Erin Kelty , Caitlin Wyrwoll

Background

Ambient heat exposure during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes, and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes are an emerging concern. This scoping review synthesises human and animal evidence on the association between prenatal ambient heat exposure and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Methods

A search was conducted across MEDLINE, Global Health, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. Studies up until May 2025, examining prenatal ambient heat exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes such as congenital malformations and mental health conditions, were included. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted in duplicate using Covidence. Studies were categorised based on short-term or long-term outcomes.

Results

The search yielded 8189 studies, with 58 meeting the inclusion criteria (17 human, 41 animal). Animal evidence was primarily based on rodents (n = 32) exposed to extreme heat that caused hyperthermia. Human studies were methodologically diverse, yielding inconsistent results. There was robust evidence to suggest an increased risk of central nervous system (CNS) malformations and a reduction in brain weight in animal studies. However, evidence from the small number of human studies was inconclusive. For long-term outcomes, such as mental health (n = 11), both human and animal studies were limited but generally reported adverse outcomes.

Conclusion

Overall, the evidence suggests a potential link between prenatal heat exposure, CNS malformations and altered brain size in animal models; however, the implications for humans remain uncertain. Human studies were scarce and inconsistent in their approaches. Future animal studies should employ realistic heat exposures to improve human applicability, and human studies should utilise consistent outcomes and exposure measures.

背景：妊娠期环境热暴露与不良后果有关，不良的神经发育后果是一个新出现的问题。本综述综合了产前环境热暴露与不良神经发育结果之间的关联的人类和动物证据。方法检索MEDLINE、Global Health、Web of Science、PsycINFO和CINAHL。截至2025年5月的研究包括了产前环境热暴露和神经发育结果，如先天性畸形和精神健康状况。两名审稿人独立筛选并使用covid - ence进行重复提取。研究根据短期或长期结果进行分类。结果共检索到8189项研究，其中58项符合纳入标准（17人，41动物）。动物证据主要是基于暴露在导致高热的极端高温下的啮齿动物（n = 32）。人体研究方法多样，结果不一致。有有力的证据表明，在动物研究中，中枢神经系统（CNS）畸形的风险增加，脑重量减少。然而，来自少量人体研究的证据尚无定论。对于长期结果，如心理健康（n = 11），人类和动物研究都很有限，但通常报告了不良结果。总之，有证据表明，在动物模型中，产前热暴露、中枢神经系统畸形和脑大小改变之间存在潜在联系；然而，对人类的影响仍不确定。人体研究很少，方法也不一致。未来的动物研究应该采用真实的热暴露来提高人类的适用性，人类研究应该利用一致的结果和暴露措施。

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引用次数: 0