International journal of hygiene and environmental health最新文献_第6页

Exposure to a mixture of endocrine disrupting chemicals and thyroid function tests in pregnant women in the SELMA study SELMA研究中孕妇暴露于内分泌干扰化学物质和甲状腺功能测试的混合物

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114711

Arash Derakhshan , Eva Tanner , Marlene Stratmann , Huan Shu , Robin P. Peeters , Barbara Demeneix , Chris Gennings , Tim I.M. Korevaar , Carl-Gustaf Bornehag

Background

Based on experimental and human studies, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can disrupt the thyroid hormone system. However, their association with thyroid function tests when considered as part of a chemical mixture is unknown.

Methods

We used data of 1970 pregnant women from the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal Mother and Child, Asthma and Allergy (SELMA) study to investigate the cross-sectional association between exposure to 26 chemical compounds with maternal thyroid function tests in early pregnancy, using Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression.

Results

Higher exposure to EDCs mixtures was associated with a lower FT3 [WQS Estimate per an IQR increase (95 % CI): −0.09 (−0.16 to −0.01), mostly driven by PCBs] and a lower TT3 [WQS Estimate per an IQR increase (95 % CI): −0.05 (−0.09 to −0.01), mostly driven by PFOS]. In addition, higher exposure to a mixture of short lived urinary based compounds was associated with a lower TT4/TT3 ratio while higher exposure to a mixture of persistent serum based compounds was associated with a higher TT4/TT3 ratio.

Conclusions

In this proof-of-principle analysis, we show that there could be an added benefit of analyzing thyroid hormone system disrupting EDCs using a mixture-based analysis approach. Our findings pave the way and provide hypotheses for future experimental and human studies to investigate the effects of EDCs as a mixture on the thyroid hormone system, revealing information on potential biological mechanisms explaining the associations from observational data.

根据实验和人体研究，内分泌干扰物质（EDCs）可以破坏甲状腺激素系统。然而，当它们被视为化学混合物的一部分时，它们与甲状腺功能测试的关系尚不清楚。方法采用瑞典环境纵向母婴、哮喘和过敏（SELMA）研究的1970例孕妇数据，采用加权分位数和（WQS）回归方法，研究26种化学物质暴露与妊娠早期母体甲状腺功能测试之间的横断面关联。结果较高的EDCs混合物暴露与较低的FT3[每IQR增加的WQS估计值（95% CI）： - 0.09(- 0.16至- 0.01)，主要由多氯联苯驱动]和较低的TT3[每IQR增加的WQS估计值（95% CI）： - 0.05(- 0.09至- 0.01)，主要由PFOS驱动]相关。此外，暴露于较短寿命的尿基化合物混合物的较高水平与较低的TT4/TT3比率相关，而暴露于较长寿命的血清基化合物混合物的较高水平与较高的TT4/TT3比率相关。在这个原理验证分析中，我们表明使用基于混合物的分析方法分析甲状腺激素系统干扰EDCs可能有一个额外的好处。我们的研究结果为未来的实验和人体研究铺平了道路，并提供了假设，以调查EDCs作为混合物对甲状腺激素系统的影响，揭示了解释观察数据关联的潜在生物学机制的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative evaluation of decay characteristics of commonly used genetic faecal markers crAssphage and Bacteroides in complex river water microcosms 常用粪便遗传标记菌丝和拟杆菌在复杂河水微生物中腐烂特性的比较评价

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114713

Sophia D. Steinbacher , Mats Leifels , Claudia Kolm , Gerhard Lindner , Katalin Demeter , Alexander K.T. Kirschner , Julia Derx , Rita B. Linke , Regina Sommer , Andreas H. Farnleitner

Comparative information on decay characteristics of genetic faecal markers including crAssphage is very limited for water resources, although PCR-based indicator-diagnostics are increasingly used worldwide. To our knowledge, we performed the first comparative microcosm experiments to assess the decay behaviour of commonly used qPCR-based genetic faecal markers (crAssphages, HF183/BacR287, BacHum) in a large European river. In addition, cultivation-based standards (E. coli, intestinal enterococci, Clostridium perfringens spores, somatic coliphages) were enumerated to allow for a cross-comparison between novel and established targets. River water was spiked with raw sewage from two combined municipal sewer systems and incubated at 8 °C and 20 °C for up to 66 days. The focus of the experimental work was put on genetic faecal markers. Two different filtration methods targeting either virus/phages and bacteria (using mixed cellulose esters, MCE) or solely bacteria (using polycarbonate filters, PC) were also evaluated. Results indicated biphasic decay for all targets (i.e., initial fast followed by secondary slow decay), with Bacteroides markers showing lower persistence under all conditions when compared to crAssphage. In addition, a tendency for higher long-term persistence of crAssphage based on MCE filtration as compared to PC filtration was observed. Finally, a meta-data analysis was conducted, comparing the results obtained here with those from recent case studies. This analysis further substantiated the comparatively higher persistence and lower decay of crAssphage relative to Bacteroides markers and established FIO, with the sole exception of C. perfringens spores.

尽管基于pcr的指标诊断在世界范围内越来越多地使用，但关于包括水蛭在内的遗传粪便标志物的腐烂特征的比较信息非常有限。据我们所知，我们进行了第一次比较微观实验，以评估欧洲一条大河中常用的基于qpcr的遗传粪便标记物（crAssphages, HF183/BacR287, BacHum）的腐烂行为。此外，还列举了基于培养的标准（大肠杆菌、肠球菌、产气荚膜梭菌孢子、体细胞噬菌体），以便在新目标和既定目标之间进行交叉比较。将来自两个合并的市政下水道系统的未经处理的污水掺入河水中，并在8°C和20°C条件下孵育66天。实验工作的重点是粪便遗传标记。还对两种不同的过滤方法进行了评估，分别针对病毒/噬菌体和细菌（使用混合纤维素酯，MCE）或单独针对细菌（使用聚碳酸酯过滤器，PC）。结果表明，所有靶标均呈双相衰减（即最初的快速衰减，随后是次级缓慢衰减），拟杆菌标记物在所有条件下的持久性都低于草噬菌体。此外，与PC过滤相比，MCE过滤有更高的长期持久性的趋势。最后，进行了元数据分析，将这里获得的结果与最近的案例研究结果进行了比较。这一分析进一步证实了相对于拟杆菌标记物而言，草包菌具有较高的持久性和较低的腐烂率，并建立了FIO，唯一的例外是产气荚膜芽孢杆菌孢子。

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引用次数: 0

Regulatory framework of phthalates and two common alternatives: A review of the European Union legislation 邻苯二甲酸酯和两种常见替代品的监管框架：对欧盟立法的审查。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114704

Lucia Palandri , Marco Monti , Maria Rosaria Scasserra , Camilla Lugli , Marco Fasano , Laura Lucaccioni , Elena Righi

Background

Globalized supply chains make it harder to regulate hazardous chemicals in products. These include some phthalates with reproductive and developmental toxicity that maybe found in a variety of products. The European Union (EU) was among the first economies to implement policies to limit their use, yet vulnerable populations (children, pregnant women) are exposed to restricted phthalates. Phthalates’ regulation varies significantly by product or chemical compound, but literature lacks systematization of current EU legislation.

Methods

We examined EU regulatory framework for 19 major phthalates (DMP, DEP, DPrP, DiPrP, DMOEP, DBP, DiBP, DPeP, DiPeP, BBP, DHxP, DCHP, DHpP, DEHP, DHNUP, DPHP, DnOP, DiNP, DiDP) and 2 substitutes (DINCH, DEHTP). We reviewed official institutional websites and regulatory agencies to assess uses and bans in food contact materials (FCMs), toys and childcare articles, cosmetics, and medical devices.

Results

The European Chemical Agency (ECHA) is the main authority supervising chemical use in the EU and regulates phthalates mainly through the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation. Most reviewed phthalates are severely restricted in FCMs. Phthalates classified as toxic for reproduction are limited in toys and childcare articles above 0.1% by weight; they are banned in cosmetics and restricted in medical devices.

Conclusions

The EU has reduced exposure to phthalates through stringent regulations, effectively protecting newborns and infants. However, gaps remain, as many everyday items may still represent sources of exposure. Ongoing regulatory revisions and international cooperation are essential to ensure safer cross-border commerce and international compliance, to further reduce phthalate exposure and protect public health.

背景：全球化的供应链使得管理产品中的危险化学品变得更加困难。其中包括一些具有生殖和发育毒性的邻苯二甲酸盐，可能在各种产品中发现。欧洲联盟（欧盟）是最早实施限制其使用政策的经济体之一，但弱势群体（儿童、孕妇）暴露于受限制的邻苯二甲酸盐。邻苯二甲酸酯的监管因产品或化合物而异，但文献缺乏当前欧盟立法的系统化。方法：研究了欧盟19种主要邻苯二甲酸酯（DMP、DEP、DPrP、DiPrP、DMOEP、DBP、DiBP、DPeP、DiPeP、BBP、DHxP、DCHP、DHpP、DEHP、DHNUP、DPHP、DnOP、DiNP、DiDP）和2种代用物（DINCH、DEHTP）的监管框架。我们审查了官方机构网站和监管机构，以评估食品接触材料（fcm）、玩具和儿童保育用品、化妆品和医疗器械的使用和禁令。结果：欧洲化学品管理局（ECHA）是欧盟监管化学品使用的主要机构，主要通过化学品注册、评估、授权和限制（REACH）法规对邻苯二甲酸盐进行监管。大多数综述的邻苯二甲酸盐在fcm中受到严格限制。被列为生殖毒性的邻苯二甲酸盐，在玩具及儿童保育用品中，按重量计含量不得超过0.1%；它们在化妆品中被禁止使用，在医疗器械中被限制使用。结论：欧盟通过严格的法规减少了邻苯二甲酸盐的暴露，有效地保护了新生儿和婴儿。然而，差距仍然存在，因为许多日常用品可能仍然是暴露源。正在进行的监管修订和国际合作对于确保更安全的跨境贸易和国际遵守、进一步减少邻苯二甲酸盐接触和保护公众健康至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Sewer misconnection: Recommendations for increasing sewer connections in low-income urban communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh 下水道误接：关于增加孟加拉国达卡低收入城市社区下水道连接的建议

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114707

Mahbub-Ul Alam , Md Assaduzzaman Rahat , Md Eayashen , Shahpara Nawaz , Nishantika Neeher , Kazy Farhat Tabassum , Barbara Evans , Paul Hutchings

In Dhaka, Bangladesh, sewer misconnections persist despite sewer infrastructure expansion by the Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA). This mixed-method cross-sectional study aimed to develop targeted, evidence-based interventions to increase sewer connections in urban communities. We surveyed 384 households and conducted 10 in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions across five DWASA zones. Using the Risks, Attitudes, Norms, Abilities, and Self-regulation (RANAS) framework, we identified key psychological factors influencing sewer connection behaviours. Building on these insights, we mapped psychological factors to Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs) to develop tailored interventions. Households those were not-connected to sewer exhibited significantly lower awareness of sanitation-related health risks, less confidence in navigating connection procedures, and weaker perceptions of the social benefits of sewer linkage. Qualitative findings revealed widespread dissatisfaction with dysfunctional drainage systems, high connection costs, inadequate maintenance support from DWASA, and bureaucratic delays as significant barriers. These results highlight a complex interplay of psychological, financial, and administrative challenges limiting sewer uptake. Based on these insights, we propose a comprehensive intervention package integrating health education to improve risk awareness, community role models to shift social norms, practical technical guidance to simplify connection processes, and income-adjusted financial incentives to ease economic burdens. The study emphasises the urgent need for integrated, multi-sectoral strategies that address behavioural, structural, and economic barriers simultaneously. Implementing these interventions reduces sewer misconnections, an often-overlooked source of environmental contamination and public health risk, and would advance equitable and sustainable sanitation in rapidly urbanising cities like Dhaka.

在孟加拉国的达卡，尽管达卡供水和污水管理局（DWASA）扩建了下水道基础设施，但下水道连接错误仍然存在。这项混合方法横断面研究旨在制定有针对性的、以证据为基础的干预措施，以增加城市社区的下水道连接。我们调查了384户家庭，在五个DWASA区域进行了10次深度访谈和2次焦点小组讨论。利用风险、态度、规范、能力和自我调节（RANAS）框架，我们确定了影响下水道连接行为的关键心理因素。基于这些见解，我们将心理因素映射到行为改变技术（bct）中，以开发量身定制的干预措施。未连接下水道的家庭对与卫生有关的健康风险的认识明显较低，对使用连接程序的信心较低，对下水道连接的社会效益的认识较弱。定性调查结果显示，人们普遍对排水系统功能失调、连接成本高、DWASA的维护支持不足以及官僚主义延误感到不满。这些结果突出了限制下水道吸收的心理、财务和行政挑战的复杂相互作用。基于这些见解，我们提出了一套综合干预方案，包括提高风险意识的健康教育、改变社会规范的社区榜样、简化连接流程的实用技术指导以及减轻经济负担的收入调整财政激励。该研究强调，迫切需要制定综合的多部门战略，同时解决行为、结构和经济障碍。实施这些干预措施可以减少下水道误接，这是一个经常被忽视的环境污染和公共健康风险来源，并将促进达卡等快速城市化城市的公平和可持续卫生。

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引用次数: 0

Exposure to ambient ozone and ovarian reserve in Chinese women of reproductive age 中国育龄妇女环境臭氧暴露与卵巢储备的关系

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114693

Yadi Shi , Jie Yin , Yifei Du , Wangnan Cao , Yan Gong , Shengzhi Sun

Background

Exposure to ambient ozone may be associated with a decline in ovarian reserve; however, epidemiological evidence remains limited. We aimed to estimate the association between ambient ozone exposure and ovarian reserve, and to identify critical exposure windows.

Methods

We included 2815 women aged 20–45 years who attended an infertility clinic in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, between 2014 and 2022. We calculated average concentrations of ozone exposure according to the development of follicles (2-month, 4-month, 6- month) and 1-year period prior to measurement, using a satellite-based spatiotemporal model. Multivariate linear and Poisson regression models were used to assess associations between exposure to ambient ozone and ovarian reserve biomarkers, including antral follicle count (AFC), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and estradiol (E₂). Stratified analyses were performed by age, body mass index (BMI), and education to evaluate potential effect modification.

Results

Each 10 μg/m³ increase in ozone concentration during 4-month and 6-month were associated with a 0.88 % (95 % CI: 0.44 %, 1.32 %) and 0.85 % (95 % CI: 0.28 %, 1.43 %) decrease in AFC, respectively. The associations were stronger among women with middle school or lower, and those with BMI ≥24 kg/m² during both the 4-month and 6-month exposure windows. We observed no associations between exposure to ambient ozone and AMH or E₂.

Conclusions

Exposure to ambient ozone was associated with decreased ovarian reserve among adult women attending an infertility clinic in China. These findings suggest that exposure to ozone could serve as a potential environmental risk factor for diminished ovarian reserve.

背景：暴露于环境臭氧可能与卵巢储备功能下降有关；然而，流行病学证据仍然有限。我们的目的是估计环境臭氧暴露与卵巢储备之间的关系，并确定关键的暴露窗口。方法：我们纳入了2014年至2022年间在中国四川省成都市一家不孕不育诊所就诊的2815名年龄在20-45岁的女性。我们使用基于卫星的时空模型，根据卵泡的发育（2个月、4个月、6个月）和测量前1年的周期计算臭氧暴露的平均浓度。使用多元线性和泊松回归模型来评估暴露于环境臭氧与卵巢储备生物标志物之间的关系，包括窦卵泡计数（AFC）、抗勒氏杆菌激素（AMH）和雌二醇（E2）。按年龄、身体质量指数（BMI）和教育程度进行分层分析，以评估潜在的效果改变。结果：臭氧浓度在4个月和6个月期间每增加10 μg/m3， AFC分别下降0.88% （95% CI: 0.44%, 1.32%）和0.85% （95% CI: 0.28%, 1.43%）。在4个月和6个月的暴露窗口中，中学或初中以下的女性以及BMI≥24 kg/m2的女性的相关性更强。我们没有观察到暴露于环境臭氧和AMH或E2之间的关联。结论：在中国一家不孕不育诊所就诊的成年女性中，暴露于环境臭氧与卵巢储备功能下降有关。这些发现表明，臭氧暴露可能是卵巢储备减少的潜在环境风险因素。

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引用次数: 0

Estimating the half-life of Ethylenethiourea from the urine of garlic farmers in northern Thailand: Characterizing the optimal window for biomonitoring to improve exposure assessment 估计泰国北部大蒜农民尿液中乙烯乙硫脲的半衰期：表征生物监测改善暴露评估的最佳窗口。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114696

Navin Martin , Kanittharin Tipubon , Yutti Amornlertwatana , Rangsan Watcharakawin , Gabrielle Hines , Grace E. Lee , Priya E. D'Souza , Volha Yakimavets , P. Barry Ryan , Dana Boyd Barr , Churdsak Jaikang , Parinya Panuwet

Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates (EBDCs) such as maneb and mancozeb are a widely used class of fungicides essential to the protection of economically valuable crops and are believed to pose significant health risks to farmworkers. Ethylenethiourea (ETU) is a reliable biomarker of exposure to EBDC; however, currently information on the biological half-life of ETU is sparse, which has led to potential misclassification in exposure assessment. In this study, we address these limitations by evaluating the excretion profile and urinary half-life of ETU in farmworkers who applied EBDC fungicides during garlic cultivation in northern Thailand. Eleven farmers were recruited to participate in this study. Each participant was asked to self-collect their urine immediately after fungicide application and up to 28 h post-application. The participants provided 5–10 samples for subsequent analysis of ETU using solid-supported liquid extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed a mean ETU half-life of 7.9 h (95 % CI: 3.7–12.1 h) using unadjusted ETU concentrations and 16.1 h (95 % CI: 10.6–21.5 h) using creatinine-corrected ETU concentrations. Based on the observed range of T_max values, we proposed an optimal time window of 3–16 h for use in biomonitoring, allowing for more accurate EBDC exposure estimates. The findings of this study provide important data that may improve exposure assessment of farmworkers exposed to EBDCs via biomonitoring of urinary ETU concentrations, ultimately informing more effective public health policies and interventions in agricultural safety.

乙二硫代氨基甲酸乙酯（ebdc），如马锰和代森锰锌，是广泛使用的一类杀菌剂，对保护具有经济价值的作物至关重要，据信对农场工人的健康构成重大风险。乙烯硫脲（ETU）是EBDC暴露的可靠生物标志物；然而，目前关于ETU生物半衰期的信息很少，这可能导致暴露评估中的错误分类。在这项研究中，我们通过评估在泰国北部种植大蒜期间使用EBDC杀菌剂的农场工人的排泄概况和尿中ETU的半衰期来解决这些局限性。本研究共招募了11位农民。每位参与者被要求在施用杀菌剂后立即和施用后28小时自行收集尿液。参与者提供了5-10份样品，用于后续使用固支液萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法分析ETU。结果显示，未调整ETU浓度时，ETU的平均半衰期为7.9 h (95% CI: 3.7-12.1 h)；使用肌酐校正后的ETU浓度时，平均半衰期为16.1 h （95% CI: 10.6-21.5 h）。根据观察到的Tmax值范围，我们提出了用于生物监测的最佳时间窗口为3-16小时，从而可以更准确地估计EBDC暴露。本研究的发现提供了重要的数据，可以通过对尿液中ETU浓度的生物监测来改进对暴露于ebdc的农场工人的暴露评估，最终为更有效的公共卫生政策和农业安全干预提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Urinary excretion of propylene glycol butyl ether (PGBE) and propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME) in healthy human participants and workers 尿中丙二醇丁基醚（PGBE）和丙二醇甲基醚（PGME）在健康受试者和工人中的排泄。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114706

Nancy B. Hopf , Susanne Kaspar , Aurélie Berthet , Julie Hechon , Jennifer Pache , Nicole Charriere , Myriam Borgatta

Exposure to organic solvents can affect the central nervous system. Propylene glycol ethers such as propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME) and propylene glycol butyl ether (PGBE) are organic solvents widely used in commercial products including cleaning products. PGME has an established Swiss occupational exposure limit and a biomonitoring limit value while PGBE does not, which is probably due to the absence of toxicokinetic data. Our aim was to (1) Characterize PGBE elimination toxicokinetics in healthy human participants (N = 11) exposed under controlled conditions; (2) Provide urinary elimination kinetics of both conjugated and free PGBE and PGME following exposures to a mixture of PGME (35 ppm) and PGBE (15 ppm) for 6 h, and (3) Assess exposure among six professional cleaners. Urinary PGME and PGBE concentrations were quantified using head-space gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (HS-GC-FID) (LOQ 0.04 mg/L, LOD 0.01 mg/L). PGBE had an apparent elimination of ∼6 h and PGME ∼4 h. PGBE air concentration of 15 ppm corresponded to 1.2 mg/L in urine. Cleaners had low urinary concentrations (<0.5 mg/L). Intriguingly, post-shift concentrations were often lower than the next-day pre-shift values, suggesting skin exposure and possible non-occupational exposures. These findings support biomonitoring as the best approach to assess workers’ total PGBE exposures. Future studies should expand human biomonitoring efforts to better characterize exposure to glycol ethers.

接触有机溶剂会影响中枢神经系统。丙二醇醚，如丙二醇甲基醚（PGME）和丙二醇丁基醚（PGBE）是广泛用于包括清洁产品在内的商业产品的有机溶剂。PGME有一个确定的瑞士职业暴露限值和生物监测限值，而PGBE没有，这可能是由于缺乏毒物动力学数据。我们的目的是：(1)表征在受控条件下暴露的健康人类参与者（N = 11）的PGBE消除毒性动力学；(2)在暴露于PGME （35ppm）和PGBE （15ppm）混合物6小时后，提供结合的和游离的PGBE和PGME的尿液消除动力学；(3)评估6名专业清洁人员的暴露情况。采用顶空气相色谱-火焰电离检测法（HS-GC-FID）定量尿液中PGME和PGBE浓度（LOQ 0.04 mg/L, LOD 0.01 mg/L）。PGBE在空气中的浓度为15 ppm相当于尿液中的1.2 mg/L， PGBE的消除时间为6 h， PGME的消除时间为4 h。清洁剂的尿浓度较低(

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引用次数: 0

Bioaerosols from outdoor wastewater treatment facilities: dispersal behavior, exposure risks and protection strategies 来自室外污水处理设施的生物气溶胶：扩散行为、暴露风险和保护策略。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114702

Jingyun Ge , Tong Gao , Huili Li , Zhongcai Lun , Changren Yan , Caixia Li , Yanjie Wang , Lin Li

Bioaerosols released into the atmosphere from wastewater treatment processes can contaminate the surrounding air environment and threaten the health of people living in the vicinity of wastewater treatment plant. Bioaerosols had migratory properties and are easily diffused and spread in the air. This paper investigated the escape characteristics of bioaerosols from outdoor wastewater treatment facilities, simulated their dispersion using Gaussian plume model, and assessed the risk of exposure via the inhalation route. The results showed that the fugitive concentrations of airborne bacterial aerosols range from 58 to 1218 CFU/m³ and fungal aerosols range from 0 to 79 CFU/m³. Bacterial aerosols showed seasonal variations with high concentration in autumn and low value in winter. Coarse particle (>2.1 μm) dominated the bioaerosols detected, accounting for more than 70 % of all detections. The concentration of bioaerosols accumulated to the highest level within a range of 90 m. After that, it decreased as the diffusion distance increases. When the diffusion distance reached 3,000 m, the concentrations of both bacterial aerosols and fungal aerosols were lower than 5 CFU/m³. The exposure risk of bioaerosols was the highest within a range of 100 m, with the HQ ranging from 0.000 to 0.104. As the diffusion distance increases, the exposure risk was lower than 0.02 at a distance of 500 m, and it drops to as low as 0.001 at a distance of 3000 m. The non-carcinogenic health risk of bioaerosols from wastewater treatment facilities to workers operating wastewater treatment plants and neighboring residents was low and negligible.

废水处理过程释放到大气中的生物气溶胶会污染周围的空气环境，威胁污水处理厂附近居民的健康。生物气溶胶具有迁移特性，极易在空气中扩散扩散。研究了室外污水处理设施中生物气溶胶的逸出特性，采用高斯羽流模型模拟了生物气溶胶的扩散，并评估了吸入途径的暴露风险。结果表明，空气中细菌气溶胶的逸散浓度为58 ~ 1218 CFU/m3，真菌气溶胶的逸散浓度为0 ~ 79 CFU/m3。细菌气溶胶呈秋季浓度高、冬季浓度低的季节变化特征。粗颗粒（>2.1 μm）占检测总量的70%以上；生物气溶胶浓度在90 m范围内累积到最高水平。之后随着扩散距离的增加而减小。当扩散距离达到3000 m时，细菌气溶胶和真菌气溶胶的浓度均低于5 CFU/m3。生物气溶胶的暴露风险在100 m范围内最高，HQ值在0.000 ~ 0.104之间。随着扩散距离的增加，在500 m距离处暴露风险小于0.02，在3000 m距离处暴露风险降至0.001。来自污水处理设施的生物气溶胶对污水处理厂的工人和邻近居民的非致癌健康风险很低，可以忽略不计。

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引用次数: 0

An overview of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST392 amid the AMR silent pandemic and consequent environmental dissemination and health risks 在抗生素耐药性无声大流行和随之而来的环境传播和健康风险中肺炎克雷伯菌ST392的概述

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114710

Rosaria Tinnirello , Gioacchin Iannolo , Alberto Cagigi , Bruno Douradinha

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely recognized as the silent pandemic, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to prioritize critical bacterial pathogens that demand urgent, innovative responses. Klebsiella pneumoniae, marked by extensive resistance to last-resort antibiotics and the absence of an effective vaccine, is among the most consequential of these threats. While high-profile sequence types (STs) such as ST258, ST512, ST101, ST307, ST147 and ST395 dominate interventions of healthcare-associated infections, other clinically important lineages remain underexplored. One such lineage is ST392, a member of clonal group 147 (CG147), increasingly reported in clinical settings worldwide.

Here, we describe what is currently known about nosocomial K. pneumoniae ST392 isolates and their impact within an environmental and One Health framework, examining how clinical reservoirs interface with hospital effluents and municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that can carry antimicrobials, antimicrobial-resistance genes (ARGs) and resistant bacteria into broader ecosystems. We synthesize current evidence on the epidemiology, resistome/virulome features, and putative dissemination pathways of ST392 across clinical and environmental compartments and consider how wastewater-based epidemiology can act as a sentinel for emergence and spread. Finally, we outline priorities for integrated surveillance and control, linking clinical microbiology, environmental monitoring and genomics, and discuss implications for infection prevention and control, stewardship, and wastewater management. In conclusion, we show the need for targeted strategies that address the full spectrum of K. pneumoniae lineages, including underrecognized ST392, to mitigate AMR risk to population health.

抗菌素耐药性（AMR）被广泛认为是无声的大流行，导致世界卫生组织（世卫组织）优先考虑需要紧急创新对策的关键细菌病原体。肺炎克雷伯菌是这些威胁中最严重的威胁之一，其特点是对最后的抗生素具有广泛的耐药性，而且缺乏有效的疫苗。虽然ST258、ST512、ST101、ST307、ST147和ST395等备受关注的序列类型在医疗保健相关感染的干预中占主导地位，但其他临床重要谱系仍未得到充分探索。其中一个这样的谱系是ST392，它是克隆群147 （CG147）的成员，在世界各地的临床环境中越来越多地报道。在这里，我们描述了目前已知的医院感染的肺炎克伯菌ST392分离株及其在环境和“一个健康”框架内的影响，研究了临床水库如何与医院废水和城市污水处理厂（WWTPs）相连接，这些污水处理厂可以将抗菌剂、抗菌素耐药基因（ARGs）和耐药细菌带入更广泛的生态系统。我们综合了目前关于ST392的流行病学、抵抗组/病毒组特征和假定的临床和环境传播途径的证据，并考虑了基于废水的流行病学如何作为出现和传播的哨兵。最后，我们概述了综合监测和控制的重点，将临床微生物学，环境监测和基因组学联系起来，并讨论了感染预防和控制，管理和废水管理的影响。总之，我们表明需要有针对性的策略来解决肺炎克雷伯菌谱系的全谱，包括未被识别的ST392，以减轻抗菌素耐药性对人群健康的风险。

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引用次数: 0

A comparison of two laboratory methods to measure urinary bisphenol A and triclosan in the Canadian Health Measures Survey 加拿大健康措施调查中测定尿液双酚A和三氯生的两种实验室方法的比较。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114715

Kavita Singh , Tyler Pollock , Subramanian Karthikeyan , Gabrielle Sauvageau , Christine MacKinnon-Roy , Mike Walker , Chun Lei Liang , Pierre Dumas , Jean-François Bienvenu , Éric Gaudreau , Sébastien Gagné

Objective

The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) employed two laboratory methods to measure each of bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan in urine. This analysis compares method performance.

Methods

Method E−475 used GC-MS/MS to measure BPA in recruitment cycles 1–6 and triclosan in recruitment cycles 2–4. Method E−505 used UPLC-MS/MS for BPA and triclosan in biobanked samples from recruitment cycles 4–6. Using unweighted concentrations for samples available from both methods, and removing observations < LOD (BPA Cycles 4–6, n = 3114 and triclosan Cycle 4, n = 651), we compared E−475 and E−505 with descriptive statistics, scatterplots, and Bland Altman analysis. An E−475 variation using isotope dilution (ID) was performed for triclosan. After applying a model to correct E−475 triclosan for ID (E−475m), we compared modeled results to E−505.

Results

The geometric mean (GM) for BPA from E−475 vs. E−505 was 1.2 vs. 1.1 μg/L. The E−475/E−505 GM ratio was 1.03, and the lower-upper limits of agreements (LOA) were 0.59–1.81. The GM for triclosan from E−475 vs. E−505 was 31 vs. 20 μg/L. E−475 concentrations were 1.56 times E−505, and the LOAs were 0.87–2.78. The GM for triclosan from E−475m vs. E−505 was 19 vs. 20 μg/L. E−475m concentrations were 0.93 times E−505, and the LOAs were 0.53–1.64.

Conclusions

BPA concentrations were comparable with E−475 and E−505. Triclosan concentrations were higher with E−475 than E−505. The E−475 triclosan concentrations became comparable to E−505 after correcting for ID. These results will have implications on whether BPA and triclosan data from the two methods can be combined and compared across CHMS recruitment cycles.

目的：加拿大健康措施调查（CHMS）采用两种实验室方法分别测定尿液中的双酚A （BPA）和三氯生。这个分析比较了方法的性能。方法：方法E-475采用GC-MS/MS法测定招募周期1-6和招募周期2-4的双酚a和三氯生含量。方法E-505采用UPLC-MS/MS对招募周期4-6的生物库样品进行双酚a和三氯生的检测。结果：E-475和E-505的双酚a几何平均值分别为1.2和1.1 μg/L。E-475/E-505 GM比值为1.03，协议下限（LOA）为0.59 ~ 1.81。E-475和E-505对三氯生的GM分别为31和20 μg/L。E-475浓度为E-505的1.56倍，LOAs为0.87 ~ 2.78。E-475m和E-505对三氯生的GM分别为19和20 μg/L。E-475m浓度为E-505的0.93倍，loa为0.53 ~ 1.64。结论：双酚a浓度与E-475、E-505相当。E-475的三氯生浓度高于E-505。校正ID后，E-475三氯生浓度与E-505相当。这些结果将对两种方法的双酚a和三氯生数据是否可以在CHMS招募周期内进行组合和比较产生影响。

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引用次数: 0