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Towards a differentiated understanding of process damping and the introduction of process stiffening effects 对加工过程阻尼的不同理解和加工硬化效应的引入
IF 14 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2024.104233
Florian Wöste , Timo Platt , Jonas Baumann , Dirk Biermann , Petra Wiederkehr
The effect of process damping is an effective means to favorably influence the stability of machining processes. Its occurrence depends on the dynamic contact between the flank face of the tool and the workpiece surface. To specifically investigate the fundamentals of process damping effects in the context of process stabilization, different configurations of modified cutting tools were prepared and applied for this contribution. These modifications consisted of tools with conventional and functionally structured flank face chamfers and were expected to cause distinctly different interaction characteristics. While the use of conventional flank face chamfers was expected to cause a rather significant share of elastic deformation of workpiece material, the application of surface structures was intended to provoke an increased degree of dissipative, i.e., process damping effects due to plastic deformation of workpiece material. By conducting orthogonal cutting experiments using a sensor-integrated analogy setup, milling tests as well as representative simulation approaches, the fundamental interrelations of the dynamic interaction between the workpiece surface and tools with both conventional and structured chamfers were characterized. It was observed that a conventional flank face chamfer in contact with the workpiece surface causes predominantly elastic deformations of the workpiece material due to a relatively large contact area, resulting in distributed, low local contact stresses below the yield stress. These elastic deformations led to a temporary stiffening effect on the dynamic system significantly affecting its dynamic behavior, e.g., in form of increased vibration frequencies. In contrast, surface structures led to an increased share of plastic deformation due to concentrated contact stresses at the structure tips and, thus, to dissipative, i.e., damping effects. Based on the experimental and simulation-based results presented as part of this contribution, which are consistent with observations made in previous studies, a differentiated consideration of process damping as one of five methods for process stabilization is discussed. In this context, the introduction of process stiffening in addition to process damping as a stabilizing process inherent contact phenomenon is proposed for future consideration.
加工阻尼效应是影响加工过程稳定性的有效手段。其发生取决于刀具侧面与工件表面之间的动态接触。为了具体研究加工过程中阻尼效应的基本原理,我们准备并应用了不同配置的改良切削刀具。这些改良刀具包括具有传统侧面倒角和功能结构侧面倒角的刀具,预计会产生截然不同的交互特性。使用传统的侧面倒角预计会导致工件材料产生相当大比例的弹性变形,而应用表面结构则旨在提高耗散程度,即由于工件材料的塑性变形而产生的加工阻尼效应。通过使用传感器集成类比装置进行正交切削实验、铣削测试以及具有代表性的模拟方法,对传统倒角和结构倒角的工件表面与刀具之间动态相互作用的基本相互关系进行了描述。研究发现,与工件表面接触的传统侧面倒角由于接触面积相对较大,主要导致工件材料的弹性变形,从而产生低于屈服应力的分布式低局部接触应力。这些弹性变形会对动态系统产生暂时的刚性效应,严重影响其动态行为,例如增加振动频率。与此相反,表面结构由于在结构顶端产生集中接触应力,导致塑性变形的比例增加,从而产生耗散效应,即阻尼效应。本文所介绍的实验和模拟结果与之前研究中的观察结果一致,基于这些结果,本文讨论了将制程阻尼作为制程稳定的五种方法之一的不同考虑。在这种情况下,除了工艺阻尼作为稳定工艺固有接触现象的方法外,还建议引入工艺加固,以供今后考虑。
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引用次数: 0
Revealing mechanisms of processing defect mitigation in laser powder bed fusion via shaped beams using high-speed X-ray imaging 利用高速 X 射线成像揭示激光粉末床熔融中通过异形光束减少加工缺陷的机制
IF 14 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2024.104232
Jiandong Yuan , Qilin Guo , Samuel J. Clark , Luis I. Escano , Ali Nabaa , Minglei Qu , Junye Huang , Qingyuan Li , Allen Jonathan Román , Tim A. Osswald , Kamel Fezzaa , Lianyi Chen
The laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process utilizing a focused Gaussian-shaped beam faces challenges, including pore formation, melt pool fluctuation and liquid spattering. While beam shaping technology has been explored as a potential approach for defect mitigation, the beam-matter interaction dynamics during melting with shaped beams remain unclear. Here, we report the direct observation of ring-shaped beam-matter interaction dynamics, including pore formation, melt pool fluctuation and liquid spattering, and unveil defect mitigation mechanisms in ring-shaped beam laser powder bed fusion process. We find that, by spatially manipulating incident laser rays, the ring-shaped beam controls keyhole morphology, thereby managing the distribution of the reflected rays. This manipulation can effectively eliminate the formation of an unstable cavity at the keyhole tip, stabilizing the keyhole and mitigating keyhole pores. This enhanced keyhole stability effectively reduces the melt pool fluctuation, the formation of liquid breakup induced spatters and liquid droplet colliding induced large spatters in the laser powder bed fusion process. Additionally, the high-energy forefront of the ring-shaped beam effectively melts the powder bed, reducing agglomeration liquid spatter in the laser powder bed fusion process. The discovered defect mitigation mechanisms may guide the design of beam shaping strategies for simultaneously increasing the quality and productivity of metal additive manufacturing.
利用聚焦高斯形状光束的激光粉末床熔融(LPBF)工艺面临着孔隙形成、熔池波动和液体飞溅等挑战。虽然光束塑形技术已被视为一种潜在的缺陷缓解方法,但使用塑形光束熔化过程中光束与物质的相互作用动力学仍不清楚。在此,我们报告了对环形光束与物质相互作用动力学的直接观察,包括孔隙形成、熔池波动和液体飞溅,并揭示了环形光束激光粉末床熔融过程中的缺陷缓解机制。我们发现,通过对入射激光射线进行空间操纵,环形光束可以控制键孔形态,从而管理反射射线的分布。这种操纵能有效消除键孔尖端不稳定空腔的形成,稳定键孔并减少键孔气孔。键孔稳定性的增强可有效减少激光粉末床熔融过程中的熔池波动、液体破裂诱发的飞溅物和液滴碰撞诱发的大飞溅物的形成。此外,环形光束的高能前沿能有效熔化粉末床,减少激光粉末床熔融过程中的团聚液体飞溅。所发现的缺陷缓解机制可指导光束成型策略的设计,从而同时提高金属增材制造的质量和生产率。
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引用次数: 0
Combining in situ synchrotron X-ray imaging and multiphysics simulation to reveal pore formation dynamics in laser welding of copper 结合原位同步辐射 X 射线成像和多物理场模拟揭示铜激光焊接中的孔隙形成动力学
IF 14 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2024.104224
T. Florian , K. Schricker , C. Zenz , A. Otto , L. Schmidt , C. Diegel , H. Friedmann , M. Seibold , P. Hellwig , F. Fröhlich , F. Nagel , P. Kallage , M. Buttazzoni , A. Rack , H. Requardt , Y. Chen , J.P. Bergmann
Laser beam welding has emerged as a powerful tool for manufacturing copper components in electrical vehicles, electronic devices or energy storage, owing to its rapid processing capabilities. Nonetheless, the material’s high thermal conductivity and low absorption of infrared light can introduce process instabilities, resulting in defects such as pores. This study employs a hybrid approach that combines in situ synchrotron X-ray imaging with compressible multiphysics process simulation to elucidate pore-forming mechanisms during laser beam welding of copper. High-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging with an acquisition rate of 20,000 images/second facilitates the identification of relevant process regimes concerning pore formation during laser beam welding of copper with a wavelength of 1070 nm. Furthermore, in situ observations with high temporal and spatial resolution present a unique database for extensive validation of a multi-physics process simulation based on welding processes using different concentric intensity distributions. These validated simulation results enable thorough comprehension of process-related pore formation based on the interaction between keyhole, melt pool and resulting flow field. The findings show that pore formation is driven by four different mechanisms: bulging, spiking, upwelling waves at the keyhole rear wall and melt pool ejections. The synergy of high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging and multi-physics modeling provides a fundamental understanding of the chronological sequence of events leading to process-related pore formation during laser beam welding of copper.
激光束焊接因其快速的加工能力,已成为制造电动汽车、电子设备或能源储存领域铜部件的有力工具。然而,铜材料的高热导率和对红外光的低吸收率会导致加工过程不稳定,从而产生气孔等缺陷。本研究采用了一种混合方法,将原位同步辐射 X 射线成像与可压缩多物理场过程模拟相结合,以阐明铜激光束焊接过程中的孔隙形成机制。以每秒 20,000 张图像的采集速度进行的高速同步辐射 X 射线成像有助于确定波长为 1070 纳米的铜激光焊接过程中孔隙形成的相关过程机制。此外,具有高时间和空间分辨率的现场观测还提供了一个独特的数据库,用于广泛验证基于使用不同同心强度分布的焊接过程的多物理过程模拟。这些经过验证的模拟结果使我们能够根据钥匙孔、熔池和由此产生的流场之间的相互作用,透彻地理解与工艺相关的孔隙形成。研究结果表明,孔隙的形成是由四种不同的机制驱动的:隆起、尖峰、键孔后壁的上涌波和熔池喷射。通过高速同步辐射 X 射线成像和多物理场建模的协同作用,可以从根本上了解铜激光束焊接过程中与工艺相关的孔隙形成事件的时间顺序。
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引用次数: 0
A distinctive material removal mechanism in the diamond grinding of (0001)-oriented single crystal gallium nitride and its implications in substrate manufacturing of brittle materials 金刚石磨削(0001)取向单晶氮化镓时的独特材料去除机制及其对脆性材料基底制造的影响
IF 14 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2024.104222
Yueqin Wu , Qijian Rao , Zhiyuan Qin , Shuiping Tan , Guoqin Huang , Hui Huang , Xipeng Xu , Han Huang
Single crystal gallium nitride (GaN) substrates are highly demanded for fabricating advanced optoelectronic devices. It is thus essential to develop high efficiency machining technologies for this difficult-to-machine material, which in turn necessitates a thorough understanding of its deformation mechanism. In this study, the deformation and removal characteristics of (0001)-oriented single crystal GaN involved in diamond grinding were systematically investigated. The material removal exhibited a brittle mode when using relatively coarse diamond abrasives of 2000 in mesh size, while ductile removal was achieved when diamond abrasives of 6000 in mesh size were utilized. A novel peeling phenomenon was observed along (0001) lattice plane (c-plane) in the coarse grinding, as the crystal has a hexagonal crystal structure with c-planes serving as the preferable slip/cracking planes. Peeling observed in material removal agrees well with the findings that lateral planar defects were prone to initiate in nanoscratching in comparison to nanoindentation in the ductile regime, indicating that the effect of tangential grinding force is significant. The application of Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, employing smaller indentation/scratching models, provided additional confirmation of the crucial role played by lateral force in initiating planar defects on c-planes. Furthermore, larger-scale MD scratching models substantiated the occurrence of peeling in the deformation process on c-plane, a finding corroborated by scratching experiments conducted in the brittle regime. Conversely, such peeling is absent on m- and a-planes. Complementary to the simulations, specifically designed grinding experiments were conducted to empirically demonstrate that peeling phenomena were intensified with elevated rotational wheel speeds. This enhancement was attributed to the increased tangential grinding force associated with higher speeds. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between rotational wheel speed, tangential grinding force, and the observed peeling mechanisms in the context of single crystal GaN machining.
制造先进光电设备对单晶氮化镓(GaN)衬底的需求量很大。因此,开发针对这种难加工材料的高效加工技术至关重要,这反过来又要求对其变形机理有透彻的了解。在本研究中,系统地研究了金刚石磨削过程中(0001)取向单晶氮化镓的变形和去除特性。当使用目数为 2000 的相对较粗的金刚石磨料时,材料去除呈现出脆性模式,而当使用目数为 6000 的金刚石磨料时,则实现了韧性去除。在粗磨过程中,沿(0001)晶格面(c-平面)观察到了一种新的剥离现象,因为该晶体具有六方晶系结构,c-平面是理想的滑移/开裂平面。在材料去除过程中观察到的剥离现象与韧性机制中的纳米压痕相比,横向平面缺陷更容易在纳米划痕中产生的发现完全一致,表明切向磨削力的影响是显著的。采用较小的压痕/划痕模型进行分子动力学(MD)模拟,进一步证实了横向力在引发 c 平面上的平面缺陷方面所起的关键作用。此外,更大尺度的 MD 划痕模型证实了在 c 平面的变形过程中出现了剥离现象,在脆性体系中进行的划痕实验也证实了这一发现。相反,在 m 平面和 a 平面上则不存在这种剥离现象。作为对模拟的补充,还进行了专门设计的磨削实验,以经验证明剥离现象随着砂轮转速的提高而加剧。这种现象的加剧归因于与更高转速相关的切向磨削力的增加。这些发现有助于全面了解砂轮转速、切向磨削力和单晶氮化镓加工中观察到的剥离机制之间的复杂关系。
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引用次数: 0
Strengthening flat-die friction self-pierce riveting joints via manipulating stir zone geometry by tailored rivet structures 通过量身定制的铆钉结构操纵搅拌区的几何形状来强化平模摩擦自冲铆接接头
IF 14 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2024.104223
Bowen Zhang , Yunwu Ma , Feilong Yu , Yunpeng Liu , Entao Zhou , Zhilei Fan , Ende Ge , Yongbing Li , Zhongqin Lin
Achieving high-strength joints with flat surfaces is of significant importance for reducing wind resistance and enhancing aesthetic appeal. In this study, a novel flat-die friction self-piercing riveting (flat-die F-SPR) process is proposed. The rivet flaring without die guidance was achieved through the sophisticated design of rivet structures. Three types of rivets with different internal structures were designed to manipulate the material flow and microstructure evolution during the joining process. Based on the method of emergency stop, the load-stroke curves, evolutions of macroscopic morphology, and microstructure of the joints made with different rivets were investigated. A novel mechanism for solid-state bonding of joints was proposed to elucidate the generation and evolution of fine grain regions. The results indicate when downward pressure is applied to the material inside the rivet cavity, a central stirring zone appears. By using a rivet with an annular boss structure, the base material flows continuously into the stirring zone and piled up in the rivet cavity, forming a unique conical-shaped fine grain zone. Finally, a comprehensive assessment of the strength of different types of joints and the transition of the fracture modes were conducted based on different lower sheet thicknesses. The joints of Rivet_B and Rivet_C demonstrate 11.1 % and 6.9 % strength enhancement compared with the joint of Rivet_A, respectively. Two strategies for enhancing the strength of solid-state bonding are proposed, which offers insights for the optimizations of rivet structures.
实现表面平整的高强度接缝对于降低风阻和提高美观度具有重要意义。本研究提出了一种新型平模摩擦自冲铆接(平模 F-SPR)工艺。通过对铆钉结构的精密设计,实现了无模具导向的铆钉翻边。设计了三种具有不同内部结构的铆钉,以控制连接过程中的材料流动和微观结构演变。基于急停方法,研究了使用不同铆钉制造的接头的载荷-行程曲线、宏观形态和微观结构的演变。提出了接头固态粘接的新机制,以阐明细晶粒区域的生成和演变。结果表明,当铆钉腔内的材料受到向下的压力时,会出现一个中心搅拌区。通过使用环形凸台结构的铆钉,基体材料不断流入搅拌区并在铆钉腔内堆积,形成了独特的锥形细晶粒区。最后,根据不同的下片厚度,对不同类型接头的强度和断裂模式的转变进行了综合评估。与 Rivet_A 的接头相比,Rivet_B 和 Rivet_C 的接头强度分别提高了 11.1% 和 6.9%。本文提出了提高固态粘接强度的两种策略,为铆钉结构的优化提供了启示。
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引用次数: 0
A novel method of induction electrode through-mask electrochemical micromachining 感应电极通罩电化学微加工新方法
IF 14 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2024.104221
Xiaochen Yang , Liqun Du , Aoqi Li , Mengxi Wu , Changhao Wu , Jingmin Li
Through-mask electrochemical micromachining (TMEMM) is a key method for fabricating metal microstructures. However, the accuracy of TMEMM often falls short of the stringent requirements for many applications, primarily due to the uncontrolled electric field during the machining process. To overcome this limitation, this paper introduces a novel method: induction electrode through-mask electrochemical micromachining (IETMEMM). In this method, two feeder electrodes act as the anode and cathode, generating an electric field where the wireless workpiece is placed. This study explores the principles of electric field control in IETMEMM and develops a simulation model to highlight the method's unique advantages under specific electric field distributions. The findings indicate substantial improvements. Leveraging the self-stopping feature, a MEMS inertial switch was fabricated with high accuracy, achieving a non-uniformity of just 3.8%—a remarkable 96.2 % enhancement in accuracy compared to traditional TMEMM. Additionally, the gradient etching advantage facilitated the creation of both gradient-depth and V-shaped microchannel arrays. Moreover, the parallel machining advantage enabled the simultaneous fabrication of three identical microstructures in just 20 s. These outcomes demonstrate the significant potential of IETMEMM for industrial applications.
掩膜电化学微机械加工(TMEMM)是制造金属微结构的一种关键方法。然而,TMEMM 的精度往往达不到许多应用的严格要求,这主要是由于加工过程中电场不受控制。为了克服这一限制,本文介绍了一种新方法:感应电极通过掩模电化学微加工(IETMEMM)。在这种方法中,两个馈电电极充当阳极和阴极,在放置无线工件的地方产生电场。本研究探讨了 IETMEMM 的电场控制原理,并开发了一个仿真模型,以突出该方法在特定电场分布下的独特优势。研究结果表明,该方法有很大改进。利用自停止功能,制造出了高精度的 MEMS 惯性开关,非均匀性仅为 3.8%,与传统的 TMEMM 相比,精度显著提高了 96.2%。此外,梯度蚀刻的优势还有助于创建梯度深度和 V 形微通道阵列。这些成果证明了 IETMEMM 在工业应用方面的巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation on the material removal mechanism in ion implantation-assisted elliptical vibration cutting of hard and brittle material 离子注入辅助椭圆振动切割硬脆材料的材料去除机理研究
IF 14 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2024.104220
Jinyang Ke , Jianguo Zhang , Xiao Chen , Changlin Liu , Gui Long , Hao Sun , Jianfeng Xu
Ductile-regime machining has been used to generate damage-free surface of hard and brittle materials by setting the cutting depth to be smaller than the ductile-brittle transition depth (DBTD). However, the ductile-regime cutting of sapphire remains challenging owing to its extreme hardness, small DBTD, serious surface fractures, and severe tool wear. To solve this problem, ion implantation-assisted elliptical vibration cutting (Ii-EVC) has been proposed in this study to enhance the machinability of hard and brittle materials. Taking sapphire as an example, high-energy phosphorus ions were implanted into the workpiece to modify its surface. Nanoindentation tests revealed that the modified materials undergo plastic and elastic deformation more easily due to the decrease in hardness and modulus. Compared with nanocutting without implantation assistance, the DBTD of implanted sapphire has been increased by more than five times. The advantageous effects of Ii-EVC achieve great enhancement in machinability, including surface fractures suppression, tool-wear reduction, chips morphology transformation from discontinuous to continuous, and cutting force decrease. Furthermore, even near the cracks in the brittle region after Ii-EVC, the subsurface microstructure showed a more complete lattice arrangement and a strain distribution close to zero, indicating that crack propagation was effectively suppressed. Due to the promoted localized plastic deformation, the stress distribution in the implanted material is much smaller than that in pristine workpiece. Implantation-induced defects not only serve as a core for absorbing external energy from the high-frequency vibration and improving the in-grain deformation but also facilitate the formation of shear bands. The interface with high distortion between the modified layer and substrate can effectively dissipate strain energy and hinder crack propagation to the free surface. The turning experiments verified that Ii-EVC can achieve better surface quality, less tool wear and higher optical transmittance. Overall, Ii-EVC addresses the challenges of tool breakage and surface fracture caused by high-frequency collision between tool and workpiece in traditional EVC, overcomes the problem of limited modification depth in ion implantation, and increases the ductile-regime removal depth of extremely hard and brittle materials to several microns. Such findings demonstrate that Ii-EVC is a promising method for the ultra-precision manufacturing of advanced materials.
通过将切削深度设定为小于韧性-脆性过渡深度(DBTD),韧性-韧性加工已被用于加工硬脆材料的无损表面。然而,由于蓝宝石的硬度极高、DBTD 较小、表面断裂严重以及刀具磨损严重,蓝宝石的韧性-韧性切削仍然具有挑战性。为解决这一问题,本研究提出了离子注入辅助椭圆振动切割(Ii-EVC)技术,以提高硬脆材料的加工性能。以蓝宝石为例,将高能磷离子植入工件以改变其表面。纳米压痕测试表明,由于硬度和模量的降低,改性材料更容易发生塑性和弹性变形。与没有植入辅助的纳米切割相比,植入蓝宝石的 DBTD 增加了五倍以上。Ii-EVC 的优势效应大大提高了加工性能,包括抑制表面断裂、减少刀具磨损、切屑形态从不连续性转变为连续性以及降低切削力。此外,即使在 Ii-EVC 后脆性区域的裂纹附近,表层下的微观结构也显示出更完整的晶格排列和接近零的应变分布,表明裂纹扩展得到了有效抑制。由于促进了局部塑性变形,植入材料的应力分布远小于原始工件。植入引起的缺陷不仅可以作为吸收高频振动外部能量和改善晶粒内部变形的核心,还能促进剪切带的形成。改性层与基体之间的高畸变界面可有效耗散应变能,阻碍裂纹向自由表面扩展。车削实验验证了 Ii-EVC 可以获得更好的表面质量、更少的刀具磨损和更高的光学透射率。总之,Ii-EVC 解决了传统 EVC 中刀具与工件高频碰撞导致的刀具破损和表面断裂难题,克服了离子注入中改性深度有限的问题,并将极硬极脆材料的韧性--定常去除深度提高到几微米。这些研究结果表明,Ii-EVC 是一种很有前途的先进材料超精密制造方法。
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引用次数: 0
Cutting mechanism of reaction-bonded silicon carbide in laser-assisted ultra-precision machining 激光辅助超精密加工中反应结合碳化硅的切削机理
IF 14 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2024.104219
Changlin Liu , Jinyang Ke , Tengfei Yin , Wai Sze Yip , Jianguo Zhang , Suet To , Jianfeng Xu
Reaction-bonded silicon carbide (RB-SiC) is an important material used in aerospace optical systems. Due to the property mismatch between Si and SiC phases, the underlying cutting mechanism in ultra-precision machining of RB-SiC remains relatively unclear. Recently, laser-assisted machining (LAM) has emerged as an effective technique to improve the machinability of hard and brittle materials, which brings the question that how the high temperature affects the machining mechanism of RB-SiC. To elucidate these aspects, a series of grooving experiments and MD simulations were conducted in this study. The interaction mechanism between phases on material removal and subsurface damage was revealed and the effect of cutting temperature on Si-SiC interaction was explored. The results indicate that in conventional ultra-precision machining, SiC grains could affect the deformation of Si phase, whereas the influence of Si phase on SiC deformation is limited. As the cutting temperature increases, the Si-SiC interaction is less apparent and the deformation of Si and SiC becomes more independent. Meanwhile, the prominence of phase property mismatch on subsurface damage are reduced while the extension of disordered phases into boundaries merges as an important mechanism in subsurface damage formation. This research helps to understand the thermal effect on material interaction between phases during machining and aid to improve the performance of LAM on RB-SiC.
反应结合碳化硅(RB-SiC)是航空航天光学系统中使用的一种重要材料。由于 Si 相和 SiC 相之间的性质不匹配,RB-SiC 超精密加工的基本切削机制仍相对不清楚。最近,激光辅助加工(LAM)已成为提高硬脆材料可加工性的有效技术,这就带来了高温如何影响 RB-SiC 加工机制的问题。为了阐明这些问题,本研究进行了一系列开槽实验和 MD 模拟。研究揭示了材料去除和表面下损伤相之间的相互作用机理,并探讨了切削温度对 Si-SiC 相互作用的影响。结果表明,在传统超精密加工中,SiC 晶粒会影响 Si 相的变形,而 Si 相对 SiC 变形的影响有限。随着切削温度的升高,Si-SiC 的相互作用变得不那么明显,Si 和 SiC 的变形变得更加独立。同时,相性质不匹配对次表面损伤的影响减小,而无序相向边界的扩展合并成为次表面损伤形成的重要机制。这项研究有助于理解加工过程中热对材料相间相互作用的影响,并有助于改善 RB-SiC 的 LAM 性能。
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引用次数: 0
Leveraging artificial intelligence for real-time indirect tool condition monitoring: From theoretical and technological progress to industrial applications 利用人工智能进行实时间接工具状态监测:从理论和技术进步到工业应用
IF 14 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2024.104209
Delin Liu , Zhanqiang Liu , Bing Wang , Qinghua Song , Hongxin Wang , Lizeng Zhang

Tool condition monitoring (TCM) during mechanical cutting is critical for maximising the utilisation of cutting tools and minimising the risk of equipment damage and personnel injury. The demand for highly efficient and sustainable machining in modern industries has led to the development of new processes operating under specific conditions. Real-world datasets obtained under harsh cutting conditions often suffer from intense interference, making the anti-interference capabilities of TCM methods crucial for effective industrial applications. Previous literature reviews on TCM have focused on theoretical methods for monitoring tool wear and breakage. However, reviews of the scientific methodologies and technologies employed in TCM for industrial production are limited. The lack of scientific understanding relevant to the monitoring of cutting tools in industrial production should be addressed urgently. The current data processing, feature dimensionality reduction, and decision-making methods utilised in TCM may not adequately fulfil the real-time and anti-interference demands. The TCM methods also face the challenges of small sample sizes and imbalanced data during real-world dataset processing. Therefore, this study conducts a systematic review of TCM methods to overcome these limitations. First, the theoretical guidelines for the application of TCM methods in industrial production are provided. The sensing system, signal processing, feature dimensionality reduction, and decision-making methods for TCM methods are comprehensively discussed in terms of both their advantages and limitations for applications in industrial production. Considering the effects of real-world datasets with small samples and imbalanced data caused by the harsh environment of a real factory, a systematic presentation is proposed at the data, feature, and decision levels. Finally, the challenges and potential research directions of TCM methods for industrial applications are discussed. A research route for smart factory-oriented machining system management is proposed based on published literature. This review bridges the gap between theoretical research and the industrial application of TCM techniques in industrial production. Prospective research and further development of TCM systems will provide the groundwork for establishing smart factories.

机械切削过程中的刀具状态监测(TCM)对于最大限度地利用切削刀具、降低设备损坏和人员伤害风险至关重要。现代工业对高效和可持续加工的需求促使人们开发出在特定条件下运行的新工艺。在苛刻的切削条件下获得的真实数据集通常会受到强烈干扰,因此 TCM 方法的抗干扰能力对于有效的工业应用至关重要。以往有关 TCM 的文献综述主要集中在监测刀具磨损和破损的理论方法上。然而,有关工业生产中使用的 TCM 科学方法和技术的综述却十分有限。对工业生产中切削工具监测缺乏科学认识的问题亟待解决。目前中医药中使用的数据处理、特征降维和决策方法可能无法充分满足实时性和抗干扰性的要求。在现实世界的数据集处理过程中,中医方法还面临样本量小和数据不平衡的挑战。因此,本研究对中医方法进行了系统回顾,以克服这些局限性。首先,为 TCM 方法在工业生产中的应用提供了理论指导。全面讨论了 TCM 方法的传感系统、信号处理、特征降维和决策方法在工业生产中应用的优势和局限性。考虑到小样本真实数据集和真实工厂恶劣环境造成的不平衡数据的影响,从数据、特征和决策三个层面提出了系统的介绍。最后,讨论了 TCM 方法在工业应用中面临的挑战和潜在的研究方向。根据已发表的文献,提出了面向工厂的智能加工系统管理的研究路线。这篇综述弥补了理论研究与 TCM 技术在工业生产中的工业应用之间的差距。中医药系统的前瞻性研究和进一步发展将为建立智能工厂奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal milling cutter helix selection for period doubling chatter suppression 优化铣刀螺旋选择,抑制周期加倍颤振
IF 14 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2024.104211
M. Sanz-Calle , A. Iglesias , L.N. López de Lacalle , Z. Dombovari , J. Munoa

In high speed milling, interrupted cutting conditions can lead to period doubling chatter vibrations. While many studies have already confirmed that the use of helical tools can effectively shrink or remove these regions of unstable cutting, none of them has provided clear guidance to select the minimum helix that completely cancels the period doubling lobes. This study addresses this gap by introducing a novel analytical formula for a critical tool helix pitch: if the helix pitch is below the critical flip depth of cut of the straight helix cutter multiplied by π, the flip lobes will totally vanish. This rule is not only valuable for chatter-free process planning purposes, but it also establishes exact limit below which the fast and simple zeroth order stability algorithm can provide exact stability boundaries for helical tools. The effectiveness of the formula is numerically corroborated over three different milling scenarios: thin wall milling, slender tool and machine tool structure chatter cases. Finally, the findings are validated through experimental cutting tests.

在高速铣削中,断续切削条件会导致周期倍频颤振。虽然许多研究已经证实,使用螺旋刀具可以有效地缩小或消除这些不稳定的切削区域,但没有一项研究为选择能完全消除周期倍频振叶的最小螺旋度提供了明确的指导。本研究针对这一缺陷,提出了一个新颖的临界刀具螺旋间距分析公式:如果螺旋间距低于直螺旋刀具的临界翻转切削深度乘以 π,翻转裂片将完全消失。该规则不仅对无颤振工艺规划很有价值,而且还建立了精确的极限,在该极限以下,快速简单的零阶稳定性算法可以为螺旋刀具提供精确的稳定性边界。该公式的有效性通过三种不同的铣削情况进行了数值验证:薄壁铣削、细长刀具和机床结构颤振情况。最后,通过切削实验验证了上述结论。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture
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