Although mushrooms are widely used for nutraceutical purposes, however, post-harvest storage is extremely crucial to avoid degradation and reduction in quality of fresh mushroom. Drying treatments are commonly applied in mushroom industry to extend the shelf-life. Drying may cause instability to food quality and antioxidant parameters due to unsuitable drying temperatures. Therefore, in this research, common set of temperatures usually used by mushroom growers was applied (50°C, 60°C, 70°C) to Ganoderma lucidum, Lignosus rhinocerus, Auricularia auricula-judae, and Schizophyllum commune to analyse the color changes, the concentration of elements and phenolic compounds. Mushrooms were chosen based on commonly cultivated species among growers. L. rhinocerus dried at 70°C indicated significantly lower L* value (78.90) compared to control (89.94). The elements retention in each sample differed depending on the species. The amount of calcium was significantly higher in L. rhinocerus (11893 mg/kg) and A. auricula-judae (10941.81 mg/kg) when dried at 60°C. Mushroom dried at 70°C resulted in significantly higher magnesium for Sch. commune (13054.38 mg/kg) and A. auricula-judae (8056.92 mg/kg). Higher levels of iron and manganese were observed in Sch. commune dried at 70°C with a value of 216.54 mg/kg and 10.02 mg/kg, respectively. Gallic acid had significantly higher retention at 50°C for A. auricula-judae and G. lucidum. Meanwhile, L. rhinocerus and Sch. commune indicated significantly higher gallic acid at 60°C. It is evident from the results that temperature does affect the food quality and elemental parameters during the drying process for each mushroom.
尽管蘑菇被广泛用于营养保健目的，但采收后的贮藏对于避免新鲜蘑菇的品质退化和降低极为重要。蘑菇行业通常采用干燥处理来延长保质期。由于干燥温度不合适，干燥可能会导致食品质量和抗氧化剂参数不稳定。因此，在这项研究中，对灵芝、木犀草、金针菇和五味子采用了蘑菇种植者通常使用的一组温度（50°C、60°C、70°C），以分析其颜色变化、元素浓度和酚类化合物。选择蘑菇的依据是种植者通常栽培的品种。与对照组（89.94）相比，在 70°C 下烘干的牛肝菌的 L* 值（78.90）明显较低。每个样本中的元素含量因品种而异。在 60°C 下烘干的牛肝菌（11893 毫克/千克）和 A. auricula-judae（10941.81 毫克/千克）的钙含量明显较高。在 70°C 下烘干的蘑菇中，镁的含量明显较高，分别为 Sch. commune（13054.38 毫克/千克）和 A. auricula-judae（8056.92 毫克/千克）。在 70°C 下烘干的五倍子中，铁和锰的含量较高，分别为 216.54 毫克/千克和 10.02 毫克/千克。在 50°C 下，A. auricula-judae 和 G. lucidum 的没食子酸保留率明显更高。同时，L. rhinocerus 和 Sch. commune 在 60°C 时的没食子酸保留率明显更高。结果表明，在干燥过程中，温度确实会影响每种蘑菇的食品质量和元素参数。
{"title":"Influence of Drying Temperatures on Colour Variation, Phenolic Compounds and Multi-Elemental Composition of Some Culinary- Medicinal Mushrooms","authors":"Nur-Amirah Izzah Nasarudin, Azilah Abdul-Malek, Nurulain Syuhada Mohamad Yazid, Sukor Rashidah, Jegadeesh Raman, Raseetha Siva","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053564","url":null,"abstract":"Although mushrooms are widely used for nutraceutical purposes, however, post-harvest storage is extremely crucial to avoid degradation and reduction in quality of fresh mushroom. Drying treatments are commonly applied in mushroom industry to extend the shelf-life. Drying may cause instability to food quality and antioxidant parameters due to unsuitable drying temperatures. Therefore, in this research, common set of temperatures usually used by mushroom growers was applied (50°C, 60°C, 70°C) to Ganoderma lucidum, Lignosus rhinocerus, Auricularia auricula-judae, and Schizophyllum commune to analyse the color changes, the concentration of elements and phenolic compounds. Mushrooms were chosen based on commonly cultivated species among growers. L. rhinocerus dried at 70°C indicated significantly lower L* value (78.90) compared to control (89.94). The elements retention in each sample differed depending on the species. The amount of calcium was significantly higher in L. rhinocerus (11893 mg/kg) and A. auricula-judae (10941.81 mg/kg) when dried at 60°C. Mushroom dried at 70°C resulted in significantly higher magnesium for Sch. commune (13054.38 mg/kg) and A. auricula-judae (8056.92 mg/kg). Higher levels of iron and manganese were observed in Sch. commune dried at 70°C with a value of 216.54 mg/kg and 10.02 mg/kg, respectively. Gallic acid had significantly higher retention at 50°C for A. auricula-judae and G. lucidum. Meanwhile, L. rhinocerus and Sch. commune indicated significantly higher gallic acid at 60°C. It is evident from the results that temperature does affect the food quality and elemental parameters during the drying process for each mushroom.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053631
Jun-Hui Choi, Seung Kim
The purification of a fibrinolytic enzyme from the fruiting bodies of wild-growing medicinal mushroom, Pycnoporus coccineus was achieved through a two-step procedure, resulting in its homogeneity. This purification process yielded a significant 4.13-fold increase in specific activity and an 8.0% recovery rate. The molecular weight of P. coccineus fibrinolytic enzyme (PCFE) was estimated to be 23 kDa using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. PCFE demonstrated its optimal activity at a temperature of 40 °C and pH 8. Notably, the enzymatic activity was inhibited by the presence of zinc or copper metal ions, as well as serine protease inhibitors, such as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and 4-amidinophenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride. PCFE exhibited remarkable specificity towards a synthetic chromogenic substrate for thrombin. The enzyme demonstrated Km, Vmax, and Kcat values of 3.01 mM, 0.33 mM min-1 μg-1, and 764.1 s-1, respectively. In vitro assays showed PCFE's ability to effectively degrade fibrin and blood clots. The enzyme induced alterations in the density and structural characteristics of fibrin clots. PCFE exhibited significant effects on various clotting parameters, including recalcification time, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, serotonin secretion from thrombin-activated platelets, and thrombin-induced acute thromboembolism. These findings suggest that holds potential as an antithrombotic biomaterials and resources for cardiovascular research.
{"title":"Biochemical properties and antithrombotic effect of a serine protease isolated from medicinal mushroom Pycnoporus coccineus (Polyporaceae)","authors":"Jun-Hui Choi, Seung Kim","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053631","url":null,"abstract":"The purification of a fibrinolytic enzyme from the fruiting bodies of wild-growing medicinal mushroom, Pycnoporus coccineus was achieved through a two-step procedure, resulting in its homogeneity. This purification process yielded a significant 4.13-fold increase in specific activity and an 8.0% recovery rate. The molecular weight of P. coccineus fibrinolytic enzyme (PCFE) was estimated to be 23 kDa using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. PCFE demonstrated its optimal activity at a temperature of 40 °C and pH 8. Notably, the enzymatic activity was inhibited by the presence of zinc or copper metal ions, as well as serine protease inhibitors, such as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and 4-amidinophenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride. PCFE exhibited remarkable specificity towards a synthetic chromogenic substrate for thrombin. The enzyme demonstrated Km, Vmax, and Kcat values of 3.01 mM, 0.33 mM min-1 μg-1, and 764.1 s-1, respectively. In vitro assays showed PCFE's ability to effectively degrade fibrin and blood clots. The enzyme induced alterations in the density and structural characteristics of fibrin clots. PCFE exhibited significant effects on various clotting parameters, including recalcification time, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, serotonin secretion from thrombin-activated platelets, and thrombin-induced acute thromboembolism. These findings suggest that holds potential as an antithrombotic biomaterials and resources for cardiovascular research.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140609421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To fully utilize Phellinus spp. fermentation mycelia, the present study investigated the in vitro antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory properties of four Phellinus spp. Organic solvents were used to extract fatty acids, phenolics, and flavonoids from the selected mushrooms. The compositions and bioactivities of the extracts were evaluated. The lipid yield obtained using petroleum ether (7.1%) was higher than those obtained using 1:1 n-hexane+methanol (5.5%) and 2:1 dichloromethane+methanol (3.3%). The composition and relative content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the petroleum ether extract were higher than those in other solvent extracts. Furthermore, ethyl acetate extracts had higher flavonoid and phenolic contents and better antioxidant activity than other extracts; however, 70% ethanol extracts had the best α-amylase inhibitory activity. The supernatant from the ethanol precipitation of aqueous and 1% (NH4)2C2O4 extracts could also be biocompound sources. This comparative study is the first highlighting the in vitro antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory properties of the four Phellinus spp. extracts prepared using different organic solvents, which makes the investigated species and extracts promising for biological application.
{"title":"In vitro bioactivities and characterization of different mycelial extracts from Phellinus spp.","authors":"Dong Yating, Renyun Miao, Rencai Feng, Tao Wang, Junbin Lin, Bingcheng Gan, Xingyi Tan, Yiyou Wu","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053086","url":null,"abstract":"To fully utilize Phellinus spp. fermentation mycelia, the present study investigated the in vitro antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory properties of four Phellinus spp. Organic solvents were used to extract fatty acids, phenolics, and flavonoids from the selected mushrooms. The compositions and bioactivities of the extracts were evaluated. The lipid yield obtained using petroleum ether (7.1%) was higher than those obtained using 1:1 n-hexane+methanol (5.5%) and 2:1 dichloromethane+methanol (3.3%). The composition and relative content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the petroleum ether extract were higher than those in other solvent extracts. Furthermore, ethyl acetate extracts had higher flavonoid and phenolic contents and better antioxidant activity than other extracts; however, 70% ethanol extracts had the best α-amylase inhibitory activity. The supernatant from the ethanol precipitation of aqueous and 1% (NH4)2C2O4 extracts could also be biocompound sources. This comparative study is the first highlighting the in vitro antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory properties of the four Phellinus spp. extracts prepared using different organic solvents, which makes the investigated species and extracts promising for biological application.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, and it is very important to study new hypoglycemic active substances. In this study, we investigated the hypoglycemic effect of Chroogomphus rutilus crude polysaccharide (CRCP) in HepG2 cells and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. A glucose consumption experiment conducted in HepG2 cells demonstrated the in vitro hypoglycemic activity of CRCP. Furthermore, CRCP exhibited significant hypoglycemic effects and effectively ameliorated insulin resistance in insulin resistant HepG2 cells. In high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, after 4 weeks of CRCP administration, fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutamate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and insulin resistance index significantly decreased, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were markedly increased. Moreover, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunofluorescence labeling of tissue sections indicated that CRCP attenuated the pathological damage of liver and pancreas in diabetic mice. These results indicate that CRCP is a potential hypoglycemic agent.
{"title":"Anti-Hyperglycemic Effect of Mushroom Chroogomphus rutilus (Agaricomycetes) Crude Polysaccharide In Vitro and In Vivo","authors":"Jinxiu Zhang, Lichao Guo, Qingguo Yao, Jianhua Lv, Zhuang Li, Li-an Wang","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053173","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, and it is very important to study new hypoglycemic active substances. In this study, we investigated the hypoglycemic effect of Chroogomphus rutilus crude polysaccharide (CRCP) in HepG2 cells and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. A glucose consumption experiment conducted in HepG2 cells demonstrated the in vitro hypoglycemic activity of CRCP. Furthermore, CRCP exhibited significant hypoglycemic effects and effectively ameliorated insulin resistance in insulin resistant HepG2 cells. In high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, after 4 weeks of CRCP administration, fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutamate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and insulin resistance index significantly decreased, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were markedly increased. Moreover, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunofluorescence labeling of tissue sections indicated that CRCP attenuated the pathological damage of liver and pancreas in diabetic mice. These results indicate that CRCP is a potential hypoglycemic agent.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140126893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brazil-grown outdoor-cultivated Agaricus brasiliensis KA21 fruit body (KA21) significantly increases the production of serum anti-beta-glucan antibody. Therefore, KA21 ingestion may be useful for the prevention and alleviation of fungal infections. This study aimed to determine the effects of KA21 in fungal infections in animals. KA21 was administered to nine dogs infected with Malassezia. Notably, the anti-beta-glucan antibody titer remained unchanged or tended to decrease in the oral steroid arm, whereas in the non-steroid arm, antibody titer increased in almost all animals after KA21 ingestion. Dogs showing improved clinical symptoms exhibited increased anti-beta-glucan antibody titers. The results of this study suggest that KA21 ingestion may alleviate the symptoms of Malassezia, and other fungal infections and that continuous ingestion may help prolong recurrence-free intervals. Additionally, the ingestion of KA21 during oral steroid dosage reduction or discontinuation may enable smoother steroid withdrawal.
{"title":"Effects of Outdoor Grown the Royal Sun Medicinal Mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis KA21 (Agaricomycetes) Fruit Body on Canine Malassezia Dermatitis","authors":"Akitomo Motoi, Katsuya Tajima, Masuro Motoi, Katsuaki Nishihara, Daisuke Yamanaka, Ken-ichi Ishibashi, Naohito Ohno, Yoshiyuki Adachi","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053187","url":null,"abstract":"Brazil-grown outdoor-cultivated Agaricus brasiliensis KA21 fruit body (KA21) significantly increases the production of serum anti-beta-glucan antibody. Therefore, KA21 ingestion may be useful for the prevention and alleviation of fungal infections. This study aimed to determine the effects of KA21 in fungal infections in animals. KA21 was administered to nine dogs infected with Malassezia. Notably, the anti-beta-glucan antibody titer remained unchanged or tended to decrease in the oral steroid arm, whereas in the non-steroid arm, antibody titer increased in almost all animals after KA21 ingestion. Dogs showing improved clinical symptoms exhibited increased anti-beta-glucan antibody titers. The results of this study suggest that KA21 ingestion may alleviate the symptoms of Malassezia, and other fungal infections and that continuous ingestion may help prolong recurrence-free intervals. Additionally, the ingestion of KA21 during oral steroid dosage reduction or discontinuation may enable smoother steroid withdrawal.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140153850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053250
MEHRAJUDDIN TALIE, John Mohd War, Anees Un Nisa, Asif Hamid Dar, Abdul Hamid Wani, Mohd Yaqub Bhat
In the current era, wild macrofungi are being focused for developing and discovering novel bioactive compounds for the management of agricultural, horticultural, and other infectious diseases. In that view, current research work was designed to evaluate the biochemical composition and medicinal properties of Morchella crassipes mushroom. The phytochemical screening of aqueous extract exposed the incidence of glycosides, free amino acids and proteins, alkaloids, carbs, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds and tannins, except volatile oils, resins, steroids, and anthraquinones. However, hexane extract exhibited the occurrence of glycosides, alkaloids, volatile oils, steroids and terpenoids while as all other phytochemicals were not detected. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry profiling has disclosed the identification of three predominant naturally occurring bioactive volatile monoterpenoids, namely Neral, Citral, and Epoxy-linalool oxide with well-known biological activities. The methanolic extract resulted in strong antifungal efficacy against the tested fungal strains such as Penicillium chrysogenum (20.33±0.57 mm) followed by Pythium ultimum (15.33±0.76 mm) and Aspergillus niger (12.50±0.50 mm) at highest concentrations. Likewise, marked antibacterial effects were reported in case of Staphylococcus aureus (15.16±0.76 mm), followed by Salmonella gallinarum (14.33±0.57 mm) and Escherichia coli (13.66±0.57 mm), respectively. This data may offer baseline information regarding the bioactive metabolites and opening new ways for conducting trails to find natural management strategies to combat multi drug resistant pathogens in horticulture, agriculture, and a
{"title":"Chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of Morchella crassipes from Kashmir Valley, India","authors":"MEHRAJUDDIN TALIE, John Mohd War, Anees Un Nisa, Asif Hamid Dar, Abdul Hamid Wani, Mohd Yaqub Bhat","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053250","url":null,"abstract":"In the current era, wild macrofungi are being focused for developing and discovering novel bioactive compounds for the management of agricultural, horticultural, and other infectious diseases. In that view, current research work was designed to evaluate the biochemical composition and medicinal properties of Morchella crassipes mushroom. The phytochemical screening of aqueous extract exposed the incidence of glycosides, free amino acids and proteins, alkaloids, carbs, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds and tannins, except volatile oils, resins, steroids, and anthraquinones. However, hexane extract exhibited the occurrence of glycosides, alkaloids, volatile oils, steroids and terpenoids while as all other phytochemicals were not detected. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry profiling has disclosed the identification of three predominant naturally occurring bioactive volatile monoterpenoids, namely Neral, Citral, and Epoxy-linalool oxide with well-known biological activities. The methanolic extract resulted in strong antifungal efficacy against the tested fungal strains such as Penicillium chrysogenum (20.33±0.57 mm) followed by Pythium ultimum (15.33±0.76 mm) and Aspergillus niger (12.50±0.50 mm) at highest concentrations. Likewise, marked antibacterial effects were reported in case of Staphylococcus aureus (15.16±0.76 mm), followed by Salmonella gallinarum (14.33±0.57 mm) and Escherichia coli (13.66±0.57 mm), respectively. This data may offer baseline information regarding the bioactive metabolites and opening new ways for conducting trails to find natural management strategies to combat multi drug resistant pathogens in horticulture, agriculture, and a","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140301257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053182
Ping Du, Hongyan He, Niya Wu, Tianxu Cao, BaoKai Cui
Wild resources of Auricularia cornea (= A. polytricha) are abundant in China, and genetic diversity and genetic relationships analysis of A. cornea can provide basis for germplasm resource utilization and innovation and molecular marker-assisted breeding. In this study, 22 Auricularia strains collected were identified as A. cornea based on ITS sequence analysis, and its genetic diversity was examined by ISSR and SRAP markers. The results showed that a total of 415 bands were amplified by 11 selected ISSR primers, with an average amplification of 37.73 bands per primer, and the mean values of Ne, I and H were 1.302, 0.368 and 0.219, respectively. A total of 450 bands were amplified by 10 SRAP primers, with an average of 45 bands per primer, and the average of Ne, I and H were 1.263, 0.302 and 0.183, respectively. The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means analysis based on ISSR-SRAP marker data revealed that the genetic similarity coefficient between the tested strains was 0.73-0.97, and the strains could be divided into five groups at 0.742, which had a certain correlation with regional distribution. The results of PCOA and population structure analysis based on ISSR-SRAP data also produced similar results. These results demonstrate the genetic diversity and distinctness among wild A. cornea and provide a theoretical reference for the classification, breeding, germplasm innovation, utilization, and variety protection of A. cornea resources.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and genetic relationship analysis of Auricularia cornea Based on ITS, ISSR and SRAP Markers","authors":"Ping Du, Hongyan He, Niya Wu, Tianxu Cao, BaoKai Cui","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053182","url":null,"abstract":"Wild resources of Auricularia cornea (= A. polytricha) are abundant in China, and genetic diversity and genetic relationships analysis of A. cornea can provide basis for germplasm resource utilization and innovation and molecular marker-assisted breeding. In this study, 22 Auricularia strains collected were identified as A. cornea based on ITS sequence analysis, and its genetic diversity was examined by ISSR and SRAP markers. The results showed that a total of 415 bands were amplified by 11 selected ISSR primers, with an average amplification of 37.73 bands per primer, and the mean values of Ne, I and H were 1.302, 0.368 and 0.219, respectively. A total of 450 bands were amplified by 10 SRAP primers, with an average of 45 bands per primer, and the average of Ne, I and H were 1.263, 0.302 and 0.183, respectively. The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means analysis based on ISSR-SRAP marker data revealed that the genetic similarity coefficient between the tested strains was 0.73-0.97, and the strains could be divided into five groups at 0.742, which had a certain correlation with regional distribution. The results of PCOA and population structure analysis based on ISSR-SRAP data also produced similar results. These results demonstrate the genetic diversity and distinctness among wild A. cornea and provide a theoretical reference for the classification, breeding, germplasm innovation, utilization, and variety protection of A. cornea resources.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140108235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052879
Huai Liang Ma, Shi Yu Ma, Chen Xi Fu, Jia Qi Yang, Dan Lin Li
Air humidity is an important environmental factor restricting the fruit body growth of Auricularia heimuer. Low air humidity causes the fruit body to desiccate and enter dormancy. However, the survival mechanisms to low air humidity for fruit bodies before dormancy remain poorly understood. In the present study, we cultivated A. heimuer in a greenhouse and collected the fruit bodies at different air humidities (90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, and 50%) to determine the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH); and the activities of enzymatic antioxidants including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR). Results showed that the MDA contents had a tendency to increase with decreasing relative air humidity. Relative air humidity below 90% caused membrane lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress (based on MDA contents) to the fruit body, which we named air humidity stress. In contrast to the control and with the degree of stress, the GSH contents and activities of SOD, CAT, GR, GPX, and APX tended to ascend, whereas AsA showed a declining trend; the POD activity only rose at 50%. The antioxidants favored the fruit body to alleviate oxidative damage and strengthened its tolerance to air humidity stress. The antioxidant defense system could be an important mechanism for the fruit body of A. heimuer in air humidity stress.
{"title":"Antioxidant defenses against air humidity stress in fruit body of Auricularia heimuer","authors":"Huai Liang Ma, Shi Yu Ma, Chen Xi Fu, Jia Qi Yang, Dan Lin Li","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052879","url":null,"abstract":"Air humidity is an important environmental factor restricting the fruit body growth of Auricularia heimuer. Low air humidity causes the fruit body to desiccate and enter dormancy. However, the survival mechanisms to low air humidity for fruit bodies before dormancy remain poorly understood. In the present study, we cultivated A. heimuer in a greenhouse and collected the fruit bodies at different air humidities (90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, and 50%) to determine the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH); and the activities of enzymatic antioxidants including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR). Results showed that the MDA contents had a tendency to increase with decreasing relative air humidity. Relative air humidity below 90% caused membrane lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress (based on MDA contents) to the fruit body, which we named air humidity stress. In contrast to the control and with the degree of stress, the GSH contents and activities of SOD, CAT, GR, GPX, and APX tended to ascend, whereas AsA showed a declining trend; the POD activity only rose at 50%. The antioxidants favored the fruit body to alleviate oxidative damage and strengthened its tolerance to air humidity stress. The antioxidant defense system could be an important mechanism for the fruit body of A. heimuer in air humidity stress.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139761030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052836
NIVEDITA SINGH, SAVITA JANDAIK
This paper evaluated the effect of different substrate disinfection methods viz. hot water treatment, autoclaving and steam pasteurization at 100°C, 121°C and 65°C respectively on yield of Hypsizygus ulmarius and effects of sun drying, oven drying and cabinet drying techniques at 25±2°C, 40±2°C and 50±2°C respectively on nutritional qualities of H. ulmarius. Hot water treated substrate gave higher yield (215.36±1.49 g) and biological efficiency (71.78 %) as compared to autoclaved (194.45±3.36 g and 64.81 %) and steam pasteurized substrate (194.45±3.36 g and 65 .28 %). The different drying methods used for drying the fruit bodies significantly influenced the nutrient profile of H. ulmarius. Highest moisture (6.95 %), fiber (16.94 %) and protein content (22.49 %) was retained in sun dried fruit bodies whereas ash content (5.52 %) was highest for oven dried fruit bodies. Cabinet dried fruit bodies showed significantly higher percentage of fats (1.82 %) and carbohydrates (53.58 %). In the DPPH assay the cabinet dried fruit bodies showed the highest antioxidant activity followed by sun dried and oven dried fruit bodies with respective IC50 values as 104.21±0.14, 117.17±0.07 and 163.57±0.02. The drying methods proved to be effective in controlling the bacterial growth for a period of two months after which significant bacterial growth was noted.
{"title":"Impact of Substrate Disinfection on Yield and Efficiency of Drying Methods for Quality Preservation of Elm Oyster Mushroom Hypsizygus ulmarius (Agaricomycetes) and Its Medicinal Value","authors":"NIVEDITA SINGH, SAVITA JANDAIK","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052836","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluated the effect of different substrate disinfection methods viz. hot water treatment, autoclaving and steam pasteurization at 100°C, 121°C and 65°C respectively on yield of Hypsizygus ulmarius and effects of sun drying, oven drying and cabinet drying techniques at 25±2°C, 40±2°C and 50±2°C respectively on nutritional qualities of H. ulmarius. Hot water treated substrate gave higher yield (215.36±1.49 g) and biological efficiency (71.78 %) as compared to autoclaved (194.45±3.36 g and 64.81 %) and steam pasteurized substrate (194.45±3.36 g and 65 .28 %). The different drying methods used for drying the fruit bodies significantly influenced the nutrient profile of H. ulmarius. Highest moisture (6.95 %), fiber (16.94 %) and protein content (22.49 %) was retained in sun dried fruit bodies whereas ash content (5.52 %) was highest for oven dried fruit bodies. Cabinet dried fruit bodies showed significantly higher percentage of fats (1.82 %) and carbohydrates (53.58 %). In the DPPH assay the cabinet dried fruit bodies showed the highest antioxidant activity followed by sun dried and oven dried fruit bodies with respective IC50 values as 104.21±0.14, 117.17±0.07 and 163.57±0.02. The drying methods proved to be effective in controlling the bacterial growth for a period of two months after which significant bacterial growth was noted.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139761049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052864
Maura Tellez-Tellez, Gerardo Diaz-Godinez
Mushrooms have been used by humans for centuries as food and medicine because they have been shown to affect certain diseases, mushrooms for medicinal purposes have been consumed in the form of extracts and/or biomass of the mycelium or fruiting body. The beneficial health effects of mushrooms are due to their content of bioactive compounds (polysaccharides, proteins, ergosterol, lectins, etc.). On the other hand, diabetes is one of the metabolic diseases that affects the population worldwide, characterized by hyperglycemia that involves a defective metabolism of insulin, a hormone secreted by ß cells and that mainly stimulates glucose absorption by the cells, however, it also affects the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins; poor control of this disease leads to serious damage to eyesight, kidneys, bones, heart, skin, blood vessels, nerves, etc. It has been reported that the consumption of some mushrooms helps control and treat diabetes, since among other actions, they promote the secretion of insulin by the pancreas, help reduce blood glucose and have α-glucosidase inhibitory activity which improves glucose uptake by cells, which are effects that prescription medications have for patients with diabetes. In that sense, this manuscript shows a review of scientific studies that support the abilities of some mushrooms to be used in the control and/or treatment of diabetes.
{"title":"Mushrooms and Fungi and Their Biological Compounds with Antidiabetic Activity: A Review","authors":"Maura Tellez-Tellez, Gerardo Diaz-Godinez","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052864","url":null,"abstract":"Mushrooms have been used by humans for centuries as food and medicine because they have been shown to affect certain diseases, mushrooms for medicinal purposes have been consumed in the form of extracts and/or biomass of the mycelium or fruiting body. The beneficial health effects of mushrooms are due to their content of bioactive compounds (polysaccharides, proteins, ergosterol, lectins, etc.). On the other hand, diabetes is one of the metabolic diseases that affects the population worldwide, characterized by hyperglycemia that involves a defective metabolism of insulin, a hormone secreted by ß cells and that mainly stimulates glucose absorption by the cells, however, it also affects the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins; poor control of this disease leads to serious damage to eyesight, kidneys, bones, heart, skin, blood vessels, nerves, etc. It has been reported that the consumption of some mushrooms helps control and treat diabetes, since among other actions, they promote the secretion of insulin by the pancreas, help reduce blood glucose and have α-glucosidase inhibitory activity which improves glucose uptake by cells, which are effects that prescription medications have for patients with diabetes. In that sense, this manuscript shows a review of scientific studies that support the abilities of some mushrooms to be used in the control and/or treatment of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139761494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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