Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052488
Somanjana Khatua, Krishnendu Acharya
In our previous study, we have established Russula pseudocyanoxantha as a unique species, playing a crucial role in indigenous diets through ages. The research also brought attention to bioactive potential of polysaccharide fraction extracted from the unexplored food using hot water. However, residue of the conventional process still contains therapeutic bio-polymers that could further be utilized for pharmacological purposes instead of being discarded. Therefore, the current study aims to valorize the solid remnants, contributing to a deeper understanding of the novel taxon. Subsequently, the leftover was treated with cold alkali, leading to the preparation of a high-yield fraction (RP-CAP). Chemical characterization through FT-IR, GC-MS, HPTLC, and spectroscopy demonstrated presence of several monomers in the carbohydrate backbone, predominantly composed of β-glucan. Furthermore, GPC chromatogram indicated presence of a homogeneous polymer with Mw of ~129.28 kDa. Subsequently, potent antioxidant activity was noted in terms of radical scavenging (O2•−, OH•, DPPH• and ABTS•+), chelating ability, reducing power and total antioxidant activity where EC50 values ranged from 472–3600 µg/mL. Strong immune-boosting effect was also evident, as the bio-polymers stimulated murine macrophage cell proliferation, phagocytic activity, pseudopod formation, and NO as well as ROS synthesis. In-depth analysis revealed that the fraction stimulated synthesis of several inflammatory mediators, elucidating the mode of action through TLR/NF-κB pathway. Therefore, the findings collectively suggest that RP-CAP possesses great potential to serve as a health-improving component.
{"title":"Cold Alkali Extractable Antioxidative Polysaccharide from Russula pseudocyanoxantha, a Novel Mushroom, Stimulates Immune Responses in RAW264.7 Cells by Regulating TLR/NF-κB Pathway","authors":"Somanjana Khatua, Krishnendu Acharya","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052488","url":null,"abstract":"In our previous study, we have established Russula pseudocyanoxantha as a unique species, playing a crucial role in indigenous diets through ages. The research also brought attention to bioactive potential of polysaccharide fraction extracted from the unexplored food using hot water. However, residue of the conventional process still contains therapeutic bio-polymers that could further be utilized for pharmacological purposes instead of being discarded. Therefore, the current study aims to valorize the solid remnants, contributing to a deeper understanding of the novel taxon. Subsequently, the leftover was treated with cold alkali, leading to the preparation of a high-yield fraction (RP-CAP). Chemical characterization through FT-IR, GC-MS, HPTLC, and spectroscopy demonstrated presence of several monomers in the carbohydrate backbone, predominantly composed of β-glucan. Furthermore, GPC chromatogram indicated presence of a homogeneous polymer with Mw of ~129.28 kDa. Subsequently, potent antioxidant activity was noted in terms of radical scavenging (O2•−, OH•, DPPH• and ABTS•+), chelating ability, reducing power and total antioxidant activity where EC50 values ranged from 472–3600 µg/mL. Strong immune-boosting effect was also evident, as the bio-polymers stimulated murine macrophage cell proliferation, phagocytic activity, pseudopod formation, and NO as well as ROS synthesis. In-depth analysis revealed that the fraction stimulated synthesis of several inflammatory mediators, elucidating the mode of action through TLR/NF-κB pathway. Therefore, the findings collectively suggest that RP-CAP possesses great potential to serve as a health-improving component.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139481976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052600
Lei Sun, Yin Li, Lei Wang, Xiumin Pu, Weihuan Li, Xianhao Cheng
To assess the strain resources and address production challenges in Ganoderma cultivation. 150 Ganoderma strains were collected from 13 provinces in China. A comparative analysis of agronomic traits and effective components was conducted. Among the 150 strains, key agronomic traits measured were: average stipe diameter (15.92 mm), average stipe length (37.46 mm), average cap horizontal diameter (94.97 mm), average cap vertical diameter (64.21 mm), average cap thickness (15.22 mm), and average fruiting body weight (14.30 g). Based on these agronomic traits, four promising strains, namely, L08, L12, Z21, and Z39, were recommended for further cultivation and breeding. The average crude polysaccharide content ranged from 0.048% to 0.977%, and triterpenoids ranged from 0.804% to 2.010%. In addition, 73 triterpenoid compounds were identified, constituting 47.1% of the total compounds. Using a distance discrimination method, the types, and relative contents of triterpenoid compounds in 150 Ganoderma strains were classified, achieving 98% accuracy in G. lingzhi identification. The 16 triterpenoid components used for G. lingzhi identification included oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, 3β-acetoxyergosta-7,22-dien-5α-ol, ganoderic acid DM, ganoderiol B, ganorderol A, ganoderic acid GS-1, tsugaric acid A, ganoderic acid GS-2, ganoderenic acid D, ganoderic acid Mf, ganoderic acid A, ganoderic acid K, ganoderic acid V, ganoderic acid G, and leucocontextin J. This study provides valuable insights for exploring and utilizing Ganoderma resources and for the development of new varieties.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Agronomic Traits, Yield, and Effective Components of Main Cultivated Ganoderma Mushroom (Agaricomycetes) in China","authors":"Lei Sun, Yin Li, Lei Wang, Xiumin Pu, Weihuan Li, Xianhao Cheng","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052600","url":null,"abstract":"To assess the strain resources and address production challenges in Ganoderma cultivation. 150 Ganoderma strains were collected from 13 provinces in China. A comparative analysis of agronomic traits and effective components was conducted. Among the 150 strains, key agronomic traits measured were: average stipe diameter (15.92 mm), average stipe length (37.46 mm), average cap horizontal diameter (94.97 mm), average cap vertical diameter (64.21 mm), average cap thickness (15.22 mm), and average fruiting body weight (14.30 g). Based on these agronomic traits, four promising strains, namely, L08, L12, Z21, and Z39, were recommended for further cultivation and breeding. The average crude polysaccharide content ranged from 0.048% to 0.977%, and triterpenoids ranged from 0.804% to 2.010%. In addition, 73 triterpenoid compounds were identified, constituting 47.1% of the total compounds. Using a distance discrimination method, the types, and relative contents of triterpenoid compounds in 150 Ganoderma strains were classified, achieving 98% accuracy in G. lingzhi identification. The 16 triterpenoid components used for G. lingzhi identification included oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, 3β-acetoxyergosta-7,22-dien-5α-ol, ganoderic acid DM, ganoderiol B, ganorderol A, ganoderic acid GS-1, tsugaric acid A, ganoderic acid GS-2, ganoderenic acid D, ganoderic acid Mf, ganoderic acid A, ganoderic acid K, ganoderic acid V, ganoderic acid G, and leucocontextin J. This study provides valuable insights for exploring and utilizing Ganoderma resources and for the development of new varieties.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139590437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052497
yudie he, min tan, qianping cao, xu linghu, ze Yang, Qing-Feng Meng, shaobin fu
Liquid fermentation could yield substantial mycelia mass and valuable secondary metabolites in large-scale production within a short fermented duration. The liquid fermented process of mycelia of Poria cocos was optimized using a combination of single-factor experimentation and response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain more extract of P. cocos. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: The carbon source concentration at 1%, the nitrogen source concentration at 1%, the inoculum volume at 7% and a culture time of 9 days. Under these conditions, the ethyl acetate extract mass of P. cocos mycelia reached 0.0577±0.0041 mg. There were significant interactions between nitrogen source concentration and cultivation time. The predicted values by the mathematical model based on the response surface analysis showed a close agreement with experimental data.
{"title":"The Liquid Fermentation Process for Mycelia of Poria cocos (Agaricomycetes) by Single-Factor Experimentation and Response Surface Methodology","authors":"yudie he, min tan, qianping cao, xu linghu, ze Yang, Qing-Feng Meng, shaobin fu","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052497","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid fermentation could yield substantial mycelia mass and valuable secondary metabolites in large-scale production within a short fermented duration. The liquid fermented process of mycelia of Poria cocos was optimized using a combination of single-factor experimentation and response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain more extract of P. cocos. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: The carbon source concentration at 1%, the nitrogen source concentration at 1%, the inoculum volume at 7% and a culture time of 9 days. Under these conditions, the ethyl acetate extract mass of P. cocos mycelia reached 0.0577±0.0041 mg. There were significant interactions between nitrogen source concentration and cultivation time. The predicted values by the mathematical model based on the response surface analysis showed a close agreement with experimental data.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139500601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To study the best substrate for the Indian subcontinent, four different substrates (saw dust + wheat bran, wheat straw + wheat bran + corn cobs, saw dust + corn cobs and wheat straw + wheat bran) were screened for six different strains. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties were studied for these strains. In study it was found that the strain DMRX-767 and DMRX-768 were the most promising for yield and biological efficiency in all substrates and wheat straw+wheat bran being the best with respect to BE. To corroborate the findings, the best strain and best substrate trails were repeated. DMRX-767 and DMRX-768 were the most promising for yield and biological efficiency in all substrates, with wheat straw+wheat bran were again found the best. The methanolic extract of strain DMRX-166 showed highest antibacterial properties as highest inhibition is found for Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas syringae. However, DMRO-253 inhibited Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas campestris. DMRX-768 has the best scavenging ability followed by DMRO-253.
{"title":"Insights of Strain-Substrate Interaction, Antioxidant and Anti-bacterial Properties in of the Velvet Foot Medicinal Mushroom Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes)","authors":"Rajnish Kumar, Dharmesh Gupta, Anupam Barh, Manoj Nath, VedParkash Sharma, Neerja Rana, Pawan Kumar Sharma, Chidembra Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052533","url":null,"abstract":"To study the best substrate for the Indian subcontinent, four different substrates (saw dust + wheat bran, wheat straw + wheat bran + corn cobs, saw dust + corn cobs and wheat straw + wheat bran) were screened for six different strains. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties were studied for these strains. In study it was found that the strain DMRX-767 and DMRX-768 were the most promising for yield and biological efficiency in all substrates and wheat straw+wheat bran being the best with respect to BE. To corroborate the findings, the best strain and best substrate trails were repeated. DMRX-767 and DMRX-768 were the most promising for yield and biological efficiency in all substrates, with wheat straw+wheat bran were again found the best. The methanolic extract of strain DMRX-166 showed highest antibacterial properties as highest inhibition is found for Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas syringae. However, DMRO-253 inhibited Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas campestris. DMRX-768 has the best scavenging ability followed by DMRO-253.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139582411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023052257
Katarzyna Kała, Jan Lazur, Joanna Karnafał, Wojciech Pająk, Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja, Bozena Muszynska
Currently, in many Asian and European countries, a group of mushrooms has been distinguished, which, due to their medicinal and/or dietary properties, are referred to as medicinal mushrooms. Hypsizygus marmoreus (Peck) is a species of the family Lyophyllaceae and phylum Basidiomycota known as shimeji and Bunapi shimeji referring to two different varieties of H. marmoreus, the first being the brown variety, and the second the white variety. H. marmoreus is a species valued for its proven nutritional and healing properties. In the scientific literature available so far, mainly from Asian countries, it is possible to find research on the therapeutic effect of H. marmoreus. Biologically active substances, their presence, and in particular, their level in this species have not been the subject of extensive research. The aim of the present review is to describe and summarize the dietary and therapeutic potential of this increasingly popular species among consumers in European countries. Because H. marmoreus is a species with known dietary and health-promoting properties, this species of wood fungi could be commonly obtained from cultivation in European countries.
目前，在许多亚洲和欧洲国家，有一类蘑菇因其药用和/或食用特性而被称为药用蘑菇。Hypsizygus marmoreus (Peck)是石蒜科、担子菌门的一个物种，被称为shimeji和Bunapi shimeji，指的是H. marmoreus的两个不同品种，第一个是棕色品种，第二个是白色品种。H. marmoreus 是一种具有营养和治疗功效的珍贵菌种。迄今为止，在主要来自亚洲国家的科学文献中，可以找到有关 H. marmoreus 治疗效果的研究。生物活性物质、它们的存在，特别是它们在该物种中的含量，尚未成为广泛研究的主题。本综述旨在描述和总结这一在欧洲国家消费者中日益流行的物种的饮食和治疗潜力。由于 H. marmoreus 是一种具有已知食疗和健康促进特性的菌种，欧洲国家通常可以从栽培中获得这种木真菌。
{"title":"“Hypsizygus marmoreus (Agaricomycetes) – the Beech Mushroom Cultivation and His Outstanding Health-Promoting Properties: A Review”","authors":"Katarzyna Kała, Jan Lazur, Joanna Karnafał, Wojciech Pająk, Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja, Bozena Muszynska","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023052257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023052257","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, in many Asian and European countries, a group of mushrooms has been distinguished, which, due to their medicinal and/or dietary properties, are referred to as medicinal mushrooms. Hypsizygus marmoreus (Peck) is a species of the family Lyophyllaceae and phylum Basidiomycota known as shimeji and Bunapi shimeji referring to two different varieties of H. marmoreus, the first being the brown variety, and the second the white variety. H. marmoreus is a species valued for its proven nutritional and healing properties. In the scientific literature available so far, mainly from Asian countries, it is possible to find research on the therapeutic effect of H. marmoreus. Biologically active substances, their presence, and in particular, their level in this species have not been the subject of extensive research. The aim of the present review is to describe and summarize the dietary and therapeutic potential of this increasingly popular species among consumers in European countries. Because H. marmoreus is a species with known dietary and health-promoting properties, this species of wood fungi could be commonly obtained from cultivation in European countries.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139071686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The genus Suillus, also known as “Song mo,” falls under the order Boletales and consists of various higher fungi. It establishes mycorrhizae primarily with pine trees and has a good taste and medicinal values. Herein, we reviewed the chemical compounds present in the genus Suillus, including polysaccharides, steroids, phenols, polyprenyl phenol derivatives, fatty acids, organic acids, and amino acids, and their reported bioactivities and potential applications. This review aims to promote the utilization of the resources belonging to the genus Suillus and serves as a theoretical basis for their future studies and clinical applications.
{"title":"Chemical compounds, bioactivities, and potential applications of the genus Suillus: a review","authors":"Jinxiu Zhang, Hanyu Zhao, Lan Yao, Jian Zhao, Moxin Zhang, Li-An Wang, Jianhua Lv","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023051919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023051919","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Suillus, also known as “Song mo,” falls under the order Boletales and consists of various higher fungi. It establishes mycorrhizae primarily with pine trees and has a good taste and medicinal values. Herein, we reviewed the chemical compounds present in the genus Suillus, including polysaccharides, steroids, phenols, polyprenyl phenol derivatives, fatty acids, organic acids, and amino acids, and their reported bioactivities and potential applications. This review aims to promote the utilization of the resources belonging to the genus Suillus and serves as a theoretical basis for their future studies and clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138519196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Five kinds of exopolysaccharides (EPS) were obtained by fermentation of Scleroderma areolatum Ehrenb. with sucrose, glucose, maltose, lactose, and fructose as carbon sources. Antioxidant abilities of the obtained EPSs were evaluated by inhibiting AAPH, HO·, and glutathione (GS·) induced oxidation of DNA and quenching 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cationic radical (ABTS·) and galvinoxyl radicals. The effects of carbon sources on the antioxidant properties of EPSs could be examined. The results showed that five EPSs can effectively inhibit radicals induced oxidation of DNA, and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) percentages were 44.7%-80.8%, 52.3%-77.5%, and 44.7%-73.3% in inhibiting AAPH, HO·, and GS· induced oxidation of DNA, respectively. All five EPSs could scavenge ABTS·and Galvinoxyl·, and exhibit superior activity in scavenging free radicals. Antioxidant abilities of EPS with fructose as carbon source were highest among five EPS.
{"title":"Effect of Different Carbon Sources on Antioxidant Properties of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Scleroderma areolatum (Agaricomycetes)","authors":"Gaolei Xi, Changtong Lu, Yihong Wu, Zhifei Chen, Kejing Xu, Xuewei Jia, Zhiwei Zhao, Chun-Ping Xu, Qiuling Wang","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023052044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023052044","url":null,"abstract":"Five kinds of exopolysaccharides (EPS) were obtained by fermentation of Scleroderma areolatum Ehrenb. with sucrose, glucose, maltose, lactose, and fructose as carbon sources. Antioxidant abilities of the obtained EPSs were evaluated by inhibiting AAPH, HO·, and glutathione (GS·) induced oxidation of DNA and quenching 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cationic radical (ABTS·) and galvinoxyl radicals. The effects of carbon sources on the antioxidant properties of EPSs could be examined. The results showed that five EPSs can effectively inhibit radicals induced oxidation of DNA, and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) percentages were 44.7%-80.8%, 52.3%-77.5%, and 44.7%-73.3% in inhibiting AAPH, HO·, and GS· induced oxidation of DNA, respectively. All five EPSs could scavenge ABTS·and Galvinoxyl·, and exhibit superior activity in scavenging free radicals. Antioxidant abilities of EPS with fructose as carbon source were highest among five EPS.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138741369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, a new galectin designated Cyclocybe cylindracea lectin (CCL) was extracted from the fruiting bodies of the wild black popular mushroom C. cylindracea grown in Algeria. The protein was isolated using sepharose 4B as affinity chromatography matrix, and galactose as elutant. The purified galectin was composed of two subunits of 17.873 kDa each, with a total molecular mass of 35.6 kDa. Its agglutinant activity was impeded by galactose and its derivatives, as well as melibiose. Lactose showed the highest affinity, with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.0781 mM. CCL was sensitive to extreme pH conditions, and its binding function decreased when incubated with 10 mM EDTA, and it could be restored by metallic cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+. CCL agglutinated human red blood cells, without any discernible specificity. Circular dichroism spectra demonstrated that its secondary structure contained β-sheet as dominant fold. In addition, bioinformatics investigation on their peptide fingerprint obtained after MALDI-TOF/TOF ionization using mascot software confirmed that CCL was not like any previous purified lectin from mushroom: instead, it possessed an amino acid composition with high similarity to that of the putative urea carboxylase of Emericella nidulans (strain FGSC A4 / ATCC 38163 / CBS 112.46 / NRRL 194 / M139) with 44% of similarity score.
本研究从生长于阿尔及利亚的野生黑蘑菇圆柱菇的子实体中提取了一种新的凝集素——圆柱菇凝集素(CCL)。以蔗糖4B为亲和层析基质，半乳糖为洗脱液分离蛋白。纯化的凝集素由两个亚基组成，每个亚基的分子量为17.873 kDa，总分子质量为35.6 kDa。它的凝集活性受到半乳糖及其衍生物和糖二糖的阻碍。乳糖对CCL的亲和力最高，最低抑制浓度为0.0781 mM。CCL对极端pH条件敏感，与10 mM EDTA孵育后，其结合功能下降，可通过Ca2+、Mg2+、Zn2+等金属阳离子恢复。CCL凝集人红细胞，没有任何明显的特异性。圆二色光谱表明，其二级结构以β-薄片为主褶皱。此外，利用mascot软件对MALDI-TOF/TOF电离后获得的肽指纹图谱进行生物信息学研究，证实CCL与以往从蘑菇中纯化的凝集素不同，其氨基酸组成与推测的无灰Emericella nidulans(菌株FGSC A4 / ATCC 38163 / CBS 112.46 / NRRL 194 / M139)的尿素羧化酶具有很高的相似性，相似度为44%。
{"title":"Purification and Biochemical Characterization of novel galectin from black poplar mushroom Cyclocybe cylindracea (Agaricomycetes) Strain MEST42 Grown in Algeria","authors":"TOUMI Mohammed Esseddik, KEBAILI Fethi Farouk, REBAI Redouane, DERARDJA Imene, TOUMI Mouaad, GAGLIO Salvatore Calogero, PERDUCA Massimiliano, NECIB Youcef","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023051925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023051925","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, a new galectin designated Cyclocybe cylindracea lectin (CCL) was extracted from the fruiting bodies of the wild black popular mushroom C. cylindracea grown in Algeria. The protein was isolated using sepharose 4B as affinity chromatography matrix, and galactose as elutant. The purified galectin was composed of two subunits of 17.873 kDa each, with a total molecular mass of 35.6 kDa. Its agglutinant activity was impeded by galactose and its derivatives, as well as melibiose. Lactose showed the highest affinity, with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.0781 mM. CCL was sensitive to extreme pH conditions, and its binding function decreased when incubated with 10 mM EDTA, and it could be restored by metallic cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+. CCL agglutinated human red blood cells, without any discernible specificity. Circular dichroism spectra demonstrated that its secondary structure contained β-sheet as dominant fold. In addition, bioinformatics investigation on their peptide fingerprint obtained after MALDI-TOF/TOF ionization using mascot software confirmed that CCL was not like any previous purified lectin from mushroom: instead, it possessed an amino acid composition with high similarity to that of the putative urea carboxylase of Emericella nidulans (strain FGSC A4 / ATCC 38163 / CBS 112.46 / NRRL 194 / M139) with 44% of similarity score.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138519195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ganoderic acid A (GAA) is one of the major triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum (GL). Accumulating evidence has indicated that GAA demonstrates multiple pharmacological effects and exhibits treatment potential for various neurological disorders. Here, the effects and mechanisms of GAA in the treatment of neurological disorders were evaluated and discussed through previous research results. By summarizing previous research results, we found that GAA may play a neuroprotective role through various mechanisms: anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, protection of nerve cells, and regulation of nerve growth factor. Therefore, GAA is a promising natural neuroprotective agent and this review would contribute to the future development of GAA as a novel clinical candidate drug for treating neurological diseases.
{"title":"Ganoderic Acid A: A Potential Natural Neuroprotective Agent for Neurological Disorders: A Review","authors":"Feifei Ma, Jing Wang, Wenming Jiang, Jiahao Luo, Rui Yang, Liying Zhang, chunchao han","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023051918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023051918","url":null,"abstract":"Ganoderic acid A (GAA) is one of the major triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum (GL). Accumulating evidence has indicated that GAA demonstrates multiple pharmacological effects and exhibits treatment potential for various neurological disorders. Here, the effects and mechanisms of GAA in the treatment of neurological disorders were evaluated and discussed through previous research results. By summarizing previous research results, we found that GAA may play a neuroprotective role through various mechanisms: anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, protection of nerve cells, and regulation of nerve growth factor. Therefore, GAA is a promising natural neuroprotective agent and this review would contribute to the future development of GAA as a novel clinical candidate drug for treating neurological diseases.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138519209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023052039
Yuan Zou, Wanting Xv, Qianwang Zheng, Zhiwei Ye, Tao Wei, Liqiong Guo, Junfang Lin
Edible mushrooms have rich nutrition (e.g., proteins, dietary fibers, polysaccharides) and they can be potential sources of important ingredients in food processing. However, the cultivation of mushroom fruiting bodies needs a relatively long time period and they can be easily polluted during the growth process. At the same time, a lot of labor and larger planting area are also required. As we all known, submerged fermentation is a good way to produce edible mushroom mycelia with less environmental pollution and small footprint, which are also rich in nutrition and bioactive components that are used as dietary supplements or health care products in food industry. Therefore, it can be considered that the replacement of edible mushroom fruiting bodies with edible mushroom mycelia produced through submerged fermentation have great application potential in food production. At present, most of the researches about edible mushroom mycelia focus on the production of bioactive metabolites in fermentation liquid, but there are few reports concentrate on their applications in food. This paper reviews the research progress of submerged culture of edible mushroom mycelia and their applications in food products for attracting more attention of human beings.
{"title":"Submerged Culture of Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Mycelia and Their Applications in Food Products: A Review","authors":"Yuan Zou, Wanting Xv, Qianwang Zheng, Zhiwei Ye, Tao Wei, Liqiong Guo, Junfang Lin","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023052039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023052039","url":null,"abstract":"Edible mushrooms have rich nutrition (e.g., proteins, dietary fibers, polysaccharides) and they can be potential sources of important ingredients in food processing. However, the cultivation of mushroom fruiting bodies needs a relatively long time period and they can be easily polluted during the growth process. At the same time, a lot of labor and larger planting area are also required. As we all known, submerged fermentation is a good way to produce edible mushroom mycelia with less environmental pollution and small footprint, which are also rich in nutrition and bioactive components that are used as dietary supplements or health care products in food industry. Therefore, it can be considered that the replacement of edible mushroom fruiting bodies with edible mushroom mycelia produced through submerged fermentation have great application potential in food production. At present, most of the researches about edible mushroom mycelia focus on the production of bioactive metabolites in fermentation liquid, but there are few reports concentrate on their applications in food. This paper reviews the research progress of submerged culture of edible mushroom mycelia and their applications in food products for attracting more attention of human beings.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138632162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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