Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055751
Sneha Das, Kainoor Janardhanan, Anit Mathew
Quest for bioactive that confer protection against chemotherapy induced cardio toxicity is a front-line area of cardio oncology research. Morel mushrooms have been used in traditional medicine to treat asthma, wound healing, cough, cold, indigestion, excessive phlegm and breathlessness. Morchella esculenta, commonly known as Guchhi in India is a highly prized culinary morel mushroom. Recent studies carried out in our laboratory have demonstrated significant cardioprotective effect of M. esculenta against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity. Since bioactive extracts of morel mushrooms were found to possess profound antioxidant activity, the possible interference of these extracts with antineoplastic activity of chemotherapy drugs is often surmised. Hence current study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of two anticancer drugs, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide on solid tumour bearing mice treated with bioactive extract of M.esculenta. Solid tumour was induced by subcutaneous injection of Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cells on the right hind limbs of Swiss albino mice. Animals were administered with various concentrations of methanol extract of M. esculenta following tumour induction. Tumour growth (volume and mass) was measured for four weeks after tumour induction. Cardioprotective effect of methanolic extract was assessed by determining cardiac injury markers levels in serum, antioxidant status in myocardium and histopathology of heart tissue. The results showed significant cardioprotective effect of methanol extract of M. esculenta on tumour bearing mice The findings also suggest that methanol extract of M. esculenta did not delimit the therapeutic effect of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide despite its profound antioxidant activity.
寻找能防止化疗引起的心脏毒性的生物活性物质是心脏肿瘤学研究的前沿领域。羊肚菌在传统医学中被用于治疗哮喘、伤口愈合、咳嗽、感冒、消化不良、痰多和呼吸困难。Morchella esculenta 在印度俗称 Guchhi，是一种非常珍贵的烹饪羊肚菌。我们实验室最近进行的研究表明，羊肚菌对多柔比星引起的心脏毒性有显著的保护作用。由于发现羊肚菌的生物活性提取物具有很强的抗氧化活性，人们经常推测这些提取物可能会干扰化疗药物的抗肿瘤活性。因此，本研究评估了两种抗癌药物多柔比星和环磷酰胺对用羊肚菌生物活性提取物治疗实体瘤小鼠的影响。在瑞士白化小鼠右后肢皮下注射道尔顿淋巴瘤腹水（DLA）细胞诱发实体瘤。诱导肿瘤后，给动物注射不同浓度的 M. esculenta 甲醇提取物。在诱导肿瘤后的四周内测量肿瘤的生长情况（体积和质量）。通过测定血清中心脏损伤标志物的水平、心肌的抗氧化状态和心脏组织的组织病理学，评估甲醇提取物对心脏的保护作用。研究结果表明，茜草甲醇提取物对罹患肿瘤的小鼠具有明显的心脏保护作用。研究结果还表明，尽管茜草甲醇提取物具有很强的抗氧化活性，但它并没有限制多柔比星和环磷酰胺的治疗效果。
{"title":"Methanolic Extract of Morchella esculenta (Ascomycota), Prevents Chemotherapy Related Cardiotoxicity in Tumour Bearing Mice","authors":"Sneha Das, Kainoor Janardhanan, Anit Mathew","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055751","url":null,"abstract":"Quest for bioactive that confer protection against chemotherapy induced cardio toxicity is a front-line area of cardio oncology research. Morel mushrooms have been used in traditional medicine to treat asthma, wound healing, cough, cold, indigestion, excessive phlegm and breathlessness. Morchella esculenta, commonly known as Guchhi in India is a highly prized culinary morel mushroom. Recent studies carried out in our laboratory have demonstrated significant cardioprotective effect of M. esculenta against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity. Since bioactive extracts of morel mushrooms were found to possess profound antioxidant activity, the possible interference of these extracts with antineoplastic activity of chemotherapy drugs is often surmised. Hence current study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of two anticancer drugs, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide on solid tumour bearing mice treated with bioactive extract of M.esculenta. Solid tumour was induced by subcutaneous injection of Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cells on the right hind limbs of Swiss albino mice. Animals were administered with various concentrations of methanol extract of M. esculenta following tumour induction. Tumour growth (volume and mass) was measured for four weeks after tumour induction. Cardioprotective effect of methanolic extract was assessed by determining cardiac injury markers levels in serum, antioxidant status in myocardium and histopathology of heart tissue. The results showed significant cardioprotective effect of methanol extract of M. esculenta on tumour bearing mice The findings also suggest that methanol extract of M. esculenta did not delimit the therapeutic effect of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide despite its profound antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The traditional use of Cordyceps militaris, an entomopathogenic fungus, in East Asian medicine has been well documented. Our previous study revealed that the fruiting body powder of C. militaris, referred to as Ryukyu-kaso, contains 1,3-β-glucan and stimulates bone marrow-derived dendritic cells via a dectin-1-dependent pathway. However, the immunomodulatory effects of soluble 1,3-β-glucan in Ryukyu-kaso and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the immunostimulatory effects of the hot water extract of C. militaris fruiting body on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and the involvement of the β-glucan receptor dectin-1. Our findings revealed that the hot water extract of C. militaris fruiting body contains soluble 1,3-β-glucan and potently induces bone marrow-derived dendritic cells to secrete both pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines. RK-HWE significantly increased the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-β, IL-12p70, and GM-CSF compared to control (all p < 0.05). For instance, TNF-α secretion increased from 7.82 ± 1.57 pg/mL in control to 403.7 ± 59.7 pg/mL with RK-HWE stimulation (p < 0.001). Notably, these immunostimulatory effects of hot water extract of C. militaris fruiting body were completely abolished in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells derived from dectin-1-knockout mice (p < 0.001 for all cytokines), suggesting that dectin-1 is essential for immunomodulation induced by hot water extract of C. militaris fruiting body. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the immunostimulatory effects of hot water extract of C. militaris fruiting body and highlight its potential as a natural immunomodulatory agent for various therapeutic applications.
{"title":"Hot Water Extract of Caterpillar Medicinal Mushroom Cordyceps militaris (Ascomycetes) Fruiting Body Activates Myeloid Dendritic Cells through a Dectin-1-Mediated Pathway","authors":"Takashi Kanno, Rui Tada, Toyokazu Nakasone, Shigemi Okamatsu, Yoichiro Iwakura, Kazuhiro Tamura, Hiroaki Miyaoka, Yoshiyuki Adachi","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055210","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional use of Cordyceps militaris, an entomopathogenic fungus, in East Asian medicine has been well documented. Our previous study revealed that the fruiting body powder of C. militaris, referred to as Ryukyu-kaso, contains 1,3-β-glucan and stimulates bone marrow-derived dendritic cells via a dectin-1-dependent pathway. However, the immunomodulatory effects of soluble 1,3-β-glucan in Ryukyu-kaso and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the immunostimulatory effects of the hot water extract of C. militaris fruiting body on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and the involvement of the β-glucan receptor dectin-1. Our findings revealed that the hot water extract of C. militaris fruiting body contains soluble 1,3-β-glucan and potently induces bone marrow-derived dendritic cells to secrete both pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines. RK-HWE significantly increased the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-β, IL-12p70, and GM-CSF compared to control (all p < 0.05). For instance, TNF-α secretion increased from 7.82 ± 1.57 pg/mL in control to 403.7 ± 59.7 pg/mL with RK-HWE stimulation (p < 0.001). Notably, these immunostimulatory effects of hot water extract of C. militaris fruiting body were completely abolished in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells derived from dectin-1-knockout mice (p < 0.001 for all cytokines), suggesting that dectin-1 is essential for immunomodulation induced by hot water extract of C. militaris fruiting body. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the immunostimulatory effects of hot water extract of C. militaris fruiting body and highlight its potential as a natural immunomodulatory agent for various therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141872908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055323
Mahesh Borde, Shweta Kumawat, Sanjay K. Singh
Cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine) is a bioactive nucleoside analogue synthesise by Cordyceps militaris. Liquid fermentation of C. militaris by addition in different concentrations of five additives singly was evaluated. glycine at 15.00 g/L after 20 days enhanced the cordycepin of 1773.33 mg/L (15-fold increment over control). adenine at 4.00 g/L and 6.00 g/L in the liquid media showed significantly higher cordycepin i.e.1596.66 mg/L and 1550.00 mg/L (3-fold increment over control) after 40 days. Tryptone supplementation 14.00 g/L significantly higher cordycepin 784.33 mg/L (6.70-fold increment over control) and 912.66 mg/L production after 20 and 40 days of inoculation. Peanut oil at 10.00 g/L produced 585.66 mg/L (5-fold increment over control) cordycepin after 20 days and after 40 days, also addition of Peanut oil at 20.00 g/L and 30.00 g/L in the media showed 631.66 and 624.31 mg/L cordycepin content. Supplementation of monosodium glutamate at 0.30 g/L produced significantly highest cordycepin i.e. 614 mg/L and 635.00 mg/L cordycepin after 20 and 40 days respectively.
{"title":"Enhancement of Cordycepin Production Through Liquid Static Fermentation of Caterpillar Medicinal Mushroom Cordycep militaris (Ascomycetes)","authors":"Mahesh Borde, Shweta Kumawat, Sanjay K. Singh","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055323","url":null,"abstract":"Cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine) is a bioactive nucleoside analogue synthesise by Cordyceps militaris. Liquid fermentation of C. militaris by addition in different concentrations of five additives singly was evaluated. glycine at 15.00 g/L after 20 days enhanced the cordycepin of 1773.33 mg/L (15-fold increment over control). adenine at 4.00 g/L and 6.00 g/L in the liquid media showed significantly higher cordycepin i.e.1596.66 mg/L and 1550.00 mg/L (3-fold increment over control) after 40 days. Tryptone supplementation 14.00 g/L significantly higher cordycepin 784.33 mg/L (6.70-fold increment over control) and 912.66 mg/L production after 20 and 40 days of inoculation. Peanut oil at 10.00 g/L produced 585.66 mg/L (5-fold increment over control) cordycepin after 20 days and after 40 days, also addition of Peanut oil at 20.00 g/L and 30.00 g/L in the media showed 631.66 and 624.31 mg/L cordycepin content. Supplementation of monosodium glutamate at 0.30 g/L produced significantly highest cordycepin i.e. 614 mg/L and 635.00 mg/L cordycepin after 20 and 40 days respectively.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055328
Zhihong Xu, Antonio Shall, Eric Dadey, Qiong Wu, Zhijian Qian
Currently available treatments for acute myeloid leukemia exhibit side effects that limit their use, with primary and secondary resistance as persistent issues. While edible mushrooms possess nutritional value, they are also an excellent source of bioactive compounds that may have the potential to treat multiple disease states. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro inhibitory effects of chromatographic fractions from the methanol extract of Cantharellus cibarius in a human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line MV4-11. The mushrooms were purchased from a grocery store, the fruiting bodies were triturated and then extracted with 99.9% methanol to generate a crude extract. This crude extract was then redissolved in methanol, filtered over cotton to remove insoluble solids, and then fractionated over Sephadex® LH-20. Each fraction was dried and then analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC. A typical UV wavelength was selected for the detection of possible anticancer compounds in C. cibarius based on the major chromophores in main fungal anticancer agents reported. Based on chromatographic profiles, specific fractions that might contain potential anticancer agents were combined, and the inhibitory activity of the combined fractions was assessed against the MV4-11 leukemia cell line. Data confirmed that one combined fraction LH-20F-IV showed the greatest degree of in vitro inhibitory activity against the selected cell line. Fast determination of the potential anticancer compound containing fraction was completed through the application of reported chemoinformatics on HPLC detection of possible chromophores in potential anticancer agents, in combination with cellular bioassays.
{"title":"Inhibitory Effects of the Methanol Extract of the Golden Chanterelle Mushroom Cantharellus cibarius (Agaricomycetes) Against Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line","authors":"Zhihong Xu, Antonio Shall, Eric Dadey, Qiong Wu, Zhijian Qian","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055328","url":null,"abstract":"Currently available treatments for acute myeloid leukemia exhibit side effects that limit their use, with primary and secondary resistance as persistent issues. While edible mushrooms possess nutritional value, they are also an excellent source of bioactive compounds that may have the potential to treat multiple disease states. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro inhibitory effects of chromatographic fractions from the methanol extract of Cantharellus cibarius in a human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line MV4-11. The mushrooms were purchased from a grocery store, the fruiting bodies were triturated and then extracted with 99.9% methanol to generate a crude extract. This crude extract was then redissolved in methanol, filtered over cotton to remove insoluble solids, and then fractionated over Sephadex® LH-20. Each fraction was dried and then analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC. A typical UV wavelength was selected for the detection of possible anticancer compounds in C. cibarius based on the major chromophores in main fungal anticancer agents reported. Based on chromatographic profiles, specific fractions that might contain potential anticancer agents were combined, and the inhibitory activity of the combined fractions was assessed against the MV4-11 leukemia cell line. Data confirmed that one combined fraction LH-20F-IV showed the greatest degree of in vitro inhibitory activity against the selected cell line. Fast determination of the potential anticancer compound containing fraction was completed through the application of reported chemoinformatics on HPLC detection of possible chromophores in potential anticancer agents, in combination with cellular bioassays.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was carried out to optimize the strain and evaluate the effect of amendment of growth media with different hormone concentrations for enhancing mycelium growth of lion’s mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) under in vitro conditions. Among the five strains of H. erinaceus, He-04 strain showed maximum GRavr of 4.78 mm d-1 . Different media viz., potato dextrose agar (PDA), malt extract agar (MEA), sawdust extract agar (SDEA), wheat straw extract agar (WSEA) and rice straw extract agar (RSEA) amended with four concentrations (10, 20, 30 and 40 ppm) of gibberellic acid, kinetin and indole acetic acid were evaluated for promotion of mycelial growth of H. erinaceus. PDA was observed to be the best media promoting the mycelial growth of H. erinaceus. The highest mycelial GRavr 8.47 mm d -1 was observed in PDA amended with indole acetic acid (10 ppm) followed by gibberellic acid and kinetin (30 ppm) decreasing mycelial GRav to 8.15 and 7.75mm d -1 respectively. Temperature of 25°C and pH 7.0 was found to be the best for mycelium growth of H. erinaceus.
本研究旨在优化菌株，并评估在体外条件下用不同浓度的激素添加生长培养基对促进狮鬃菇（Hericium erinaceus）菌丝生长的影响。在五株狮头菇菌株中，He-04 菌株的 GRavr 最大，为 4.78 mm d-1 。对马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂（PDA）、麦芽提取物琼脂（MEA）、锯末提取物琼脂（SDEA）、小麦秸秆提取物琼脂（WSEA）和大米秸秆提取物琼脂（RSEA）等不同培养基进行了评估，这些培养基分别添加了四种浓度（10、20、30 和 40 ppm）的赤霉素、激肽和吲哚乙酸，以促进麦角菌丝生长。结果表明，PDA 是促进麦角菌丝生长的最佳培养基。在添加了吲哚乙酸（10 ppm）的 PDA 中观察到最高的菌丝 GRavr 为 8.47 mm d -1 ，其次是赤霉素和激肽（30 ppm），菌丝 GRavr 分别降至 8.15 和 7.75 mm d -1 。研究发现，25°C 的温度和 7.0 的 pH 值最适合麦角菌菌丝生长。
{"title":"Optimization of Mycelial Growth Parameters in Lion’s Mane Edible Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes) by Supplementation of Growth Hormones","authors":"Stanzin Disket, Sachin Gupta, Moni Gupta, Pavleen Kour, Laxmi Devi, Ranbir Singh","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055204","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to optimize the strain and evaluate the effect\u0000of amendment of growth media with different hormone concentrations for enhancing\u0000mycelium growth of lion’s mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) under in vitro conditions. Among the five strains of H. erinaceus, He-04 strain showed maximum GRavr of 4.78 mm d-1 . Different media viz., potato dextrose agar (PDA), malt extract agar (MEA), sawdust extract agar (SDEA), wheat straw extract agar (WSEA) and rice straw extract agar (RSEA) amended with four concentrations (10, 20, 30 and 40 ppm) of gibberellic acid, kinetin and indole acetic acid were evaluated for promotion of mycelial growth of H. erinaceus. PDA was observed to be the best media promoting the mycelial growth of H. erinaceus. The highest mycelial GRavr 8.47 mm d -1 was observed in PDA amended with indole acetic acid (10 ppm) followed by gibberellic acid and kinetin (30 ppm) decreasing mycelial GRav to 8.15 and 7.75mm d -1 respectively. Temperature of 25°C and pH 7.0 was found to be the best for mycelium growth of H. erinaceus.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study integrates bioinformatics and computer-aided drug discovery to assess Suillin's therapeutic potential, particularly its interaction with acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Alzheimer's disease presents profound challenges, necessitating effective treatments to mitigate cognitive decline and improve patient quality of life. While current medications offer symptomatic relief, they often entail adverse effects and do not address the underlying disease progression. Natural sources, such as macrofungi mushrooms, hold promise for novel drug discovery due to their bioactive compounds; diverse therapeutic properties. Suillin, derived from Suillus luteus mushrooms, shows promise as a mixed-type AChE inhibitor, crucial for maintaining acetylcholine levels in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease. Computational docking studies reveal suillin's distinctive interactions with AChE, suggesting potential modulation of enzyme function through various bonding mechanisms. The Molinspiration drug-likeness score further supports Suillin's efficacy, indicating its suitability for enzyme inhibition. By combining computational and bioinformatics approaches, this study elucidates suillin's molecular interactions and underscores its potential as a therapeutic agent.
{"title":"In Silico Investigation of Suillin Derived from Suillus luteus Mushroom (Agaricomycetes), Targeting Acetylcholinesterase: Docking and Virtual Screening Study","authors":"ADITYA GANESHPURKAR, Ankit Ganeshpurkar, Pushpendra Kumar Khangar, Likhit Akotkar, Swati Jain, Harshal Prajapati, Nazneen Dubey","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055215","url":null,"abstract":"This study integrates bioinformatics and computer-aided drug discovery to assess Suillin's therapeutic potential, particularly its interaction with acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Alzheimer's disease presents profound challenges, necessitating effective treatments to mitigate cognitive decline and improve patient quality of life. While current medications offer symptomatic relief, they often entail adverse effects and do not address the\u0000underlying disease progression. Natural sources, such as macrofungi mushrooms, hold promise for novel drug discovery due to their bioactive compounds; diverse therapeutic properties. Suillin, derived from Suillus luteus mushrooms, shows promise as a mixed-type AChE inhibitor, crucial for maintaining acetylcholine levels in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease. Computational docking studies reveal suillin's distinctive interactions with AChE, suggesting potential modulation of enzyme function through various bonding mechanisms. The Molinspiration drug-likeness score further supports Suillin's efficacy, indicating its suitability for enzyme inhibition. By combining computational and bioinformatics approaches, this study elucidates suillin's molecular interactions and underscores its potential as a therapeutic agent.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychological disparities impact physical activity and fitness in sedentary female college students by affecting cardiovascular efficiency. Ganoderma lucidum, vitality-enhancing herb alleviates health and rejuvenates the mind-body to improve endurance fitness. A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel design study was conducted to determine whether supplementation of G. lucidum in daily dosages of 500 mg and 1000 mg improves psychophysiological health capabilities during the different phases of the experimental trial. Analysis for pre-experimental trial (0 day), experimental trial (15thday), and post-experimental trial (after 30th day) on anthropometric, psychological, physiological and physical fitness parameters were executed. Seventy-eight participants (n=78, age=20.64±3.21 years) were assigned randomly and equally divided (n=26) to one of the three treatment groups for intragroup and intergroup comparisons. Significant differences in the post-experimental G. lucidum1000mg supplementation group for heart rate (HR), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), physical work capacity (PWC170) and right-hand grip strength (p<0.05) in comparison to the placebo group were observed. G. lucidum1000mgsupplemented group also significantly improved (p<0.05) HR, VO2 max and PWC170 (p<0.001) after pre- to post-trials. Experimental trial between placebo and G.lucidum1000mg group and post-experimental trial between G. lucidum500mg and G. lucidum1000mg group showed significant changes in VO2max (p<0.001) and PWC170 (p<0.05). Anxiety, depression, vitality and positive wellbeing scores significantly improved, leading to improved psychological well-being after G. lucidum1000mg supplementation. G. lucidum1000mg supplementation for 30 days might act as a longevity-promoting tonic for endurance and strength performance by ameliorating stress to improve the overall psychophysiological health, vitality and quality of life for better cardiovascular efficacy.
{"title":"Efficacy of Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) Supplementation on Psychological Stress and Selective Fitness Profile Parameters in Female College Students in West Bengal, India","authors":"Sudeep Mitra, Mousumi Mitra, Dilip Kumar Nandi, Mantu Saha, Amit Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055300","url":null,"abstract":"Psychological disparities impact physical activity and fitness in sedentary female college students by affecting cardiovascular efficiency. Ganoderma lucidum, vitality-enhancing herb alleviates health and rejuvenates the mind-body to improve endurance fitness. A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel design study was conducted to determine whether supplementation of G. lucidum in daily dosages of 500 mg and 1000 mg improves psychophysiological health capabilities during the different phases of the experimental trial. Analysis for pre-experimental trial (0 day), experimental trial (15thday), and post-experimental trial (after 30th day) on anthropometric, psychological, physiological and physical fitness parameters were executed. Seventy-eight participants (n=78, age=20.64±3.21 years) were assigned randomly and equally divided (n=26) to one of the three treatment groups for intragroup and intergroup comparisons. Significant differences in the post-experimental G. lucidum1000mg supplementation group for heart rate (HR), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), physical work capacity (PWC170) and right-hand grip strength (p<0.05) in comparison to the placebo group were observed. G. lucidum1000mgsupplemented group also significantly improved (p<0.05) HR, VO2 max and PWC170 (p<0.001) after pre- to post-trials. Experimental trial between placebo and G.lucidum1000mg group and post-experimental trial between G. lucidum500mg and G. lucidum1000mg group showed significant changes in VO2max (p<0.001) and PWC170 (p<0.05). Anxiety, depression, vitality and positive wellbeing scores significantly improved, leading to improved psychological well-being after G. lucidum1000mg supplementation. G. lucidum1000mg supplementation for 30 days might act as a longevity-promoting tonic for endurance and strength performance by ameliorating stress to improve the overall psychophysiological health, vitality and quality of life for better cardiovascular efficacy.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055570
Sharon Alethia de Lucio Flores, Juan Carlos Gaytán Oyarzun, Roberto Garibay Orijel, Griselda Pulido Flores
A health risk assessment was carried out to determine the probability of damage and carcinogenic effects from consumption of mushrooms potentially contaminated by Cr, based on data reported by López-Vázquez and Prieto-García 2016 in Hidalgo state.1 The evaluation was carried out based on an environmental risk indicator: potential ecological risk (Er); and two health risk indicators: the hazard quotient, non-cancer damage (HQ) and the risk of increase of individual cancer (RIIC). The results showed that there is a high probability of carcinogenic damage for the 3 regions where older adults and pregnant are the most vulnerable sectors. Due to the traditional use of edible mushrooms in Mexico, the evidence of bioaccumulation of heavy metals of toxicological interest (MTI) in fungal species, as well as the notable damage to health due to their consumption; the monitoring and implementation of standards that regulate their consumption and ensuring their food safety is essential is essential. More research is required to support the use of these evaluations.
{"title":"Health Risk Assessment for Ingestion of Edible Mushrooms Contaminated by Chromium","authors":"Sharon Alethia de Lucio Flores, Juan Carlos Gaytán Oyarzun, Roberto Garibay Orijel, Griselda Pulido Flores","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055570","url":null,"abstract":"A health risk assessment was carried out to determine the probability of damage and carcinogenic effects from consumption of mushrooms potentially contaminated by Cr, based on data reported by López-Vázquez and Prieto-García 2016 in Hidalgo state.1 The evaluation was carried out based on an environmental risk indicator: potential ecological risk (Er); and two health risk indicators: the hazard quotient, non-cancer damage (HQ) and the risk of increase of individual cancer (RIIC). The results showed that there is a high probability of carcinogenic damage for the 3 regions where older adults and pregnant are the most vulnerable sectors. Due to the traditional use of edible mushrooms in Mexico, the evidence of bioaccumulation of heavy metals of toxicological interest (MTI) in fungal species, as well as the notable damage to health due to their consumption; the monitoring and implementation of standards that regulate their consumption and ensuring their food safety is essential is essential. More research is required to support the use of these evaluations.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055012
Vladimir Perelygin, Mikhail Zharikov, Ivan Zmitrovich, Tatyana Nekrasova
The present review highlights the chitin/chitosan as biopolymers that are promising for biomedical research development. Our goal was to assess the potential for practical use of these biopolymers and to summarize information on traditional and innovative technologies for their production and purification. The widespread occurrence of chitin and chitosan in nature as well as the unique chemical and biological properties of chitosan are reasons of growing interest in the use of the latter in several pharmaceutical fields. The main stages of chitin extraction and its further modification into chitosan are deproteinization, demineralization, deacetylation, and the main methods of chitosan purification are filtration, dialysis and reprecipitation. The profitability of the production of chitin/chitosan from crustaceans and edible mushrooms is approximately at the same level. The cost of mushroom products can be reduced by using agricultural or forestry waste as nutrient substrates. This makes the use of fungi as sources of chitin/chitosan in forested regions a rather promising issue.
{"title":"Chitin and Its Derivative Chitosan: Distribution in Nature, Applications Realm, and Technology Research (A Review)","authors":"Vladimir Perelygin, Mikhail Zharikov, Ivan Zmitrovich, Tatyana Nekrasova","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055012","url":null,"abstract":"The present review highlights the chitin/chitosan as biopolymers that are promising for biomedical research development. Our goal was to assess the potential for practical use of these biopolymers and to summarize information on traditional and innovative technologies for their production and purification. The widespread occurrence of chitin and chitosan in nature as well as the unique chemical and biological properties of chitosan are reasons of growing interest in the use of the latter in several pharmaceutical fields. The main stages of chitin extraction and its further modification into chitosan are deproteinization, demineralization, deacetylation, and the main methods of chitosan purification are filtration, dialysis and reprecipitation. The profitability of the production of chitin/chitosan from crustaceans and edible mushrooms is approximately at the same level. The cost of mushroom products can be reduced by using agricultural or forestry waste as nutrient substrates. This makes the use of fungi as sources of chitin/chitosan in forested regions a rather promising issue.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141737171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055061
Yi En Wong, Muhammad Fazril Mohamad Razif, Szu-Ting Ng, Chon-Seng Tan, Shin Yee Fung, Dharmani Murugan
Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, heart failure and stroke. Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke) Ryvarden (also known as tiger milk mushroom) has been reported to exhibit a range of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, antioxidative, immunomodulatory and anti-asthmatic activities. Thus far, limited research has explored its ability to mediate vascular effects in vivo. Therefore, this study investigated the antihypertensive and vascular protective effects of L. rhinocerus TM02® sclerotia supplementation in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats served as a normotensive control group. SHR were orally administered with L. rhinocerus TM02® sclerotia (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, respectively) for 8 weeks, and blood pressure was monitored every 2 weeks. Vascular function was evaluated using an organ bath (aorta) and wire myograph (renal artery) at the treatment endpoint. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in the aorta and renal artery were evaluated using dihydroethidium (DHE) and difluoro fluorescein acetate (DAF-FM) fluorescence assays, respectively. Total plasma nitrate/nitrite and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were evaluated via colorimetric assays. In vivo treatment with L. rhinocerus TM02® sclerotia significantly attenuated the increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP). It also alleviated vascular dysfunction and decreased elevated ROS in the aorta and renal arteries of the treated SHRs. Moreover, L. rhinocerus TM02® sclerotia attenuated plasma TNF-α level but increased total plasma nitrate/nitrite, albeit slightly, coupled with significantly increased NO at the vascular level. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that L. rhinocerus TM02® sclerotia supplementation exerted blood pressure lowering effects, partly attributed to improvements in vascular function via reduction in vascular oxidative stress.
{"title":"Medicinal Tiger Milk Mushroom Lignosus rhinocerus TM02® (Agaricomycetes) Sclerotia Supplementation Mitigates Hypertension and Alleviates Vascular Dysfunction Partly Through Oxidative Stress Modulation in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats","authors":"Yi En Wong, Muhammad Fazril Mohamad Razif, Szu-Ting Ng, Chon-Seng Tan, Shin Yee Fung, Dharmani Murugan","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055061","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, heart failure and stroke. Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke) Ryvarden (also known as tiger milk mushroom) has been reported to exhibit a range of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, antioxidative, immunomodulatory and anti-asthmatic activities. Thus far, limited research has explored its ability to mediate vascular effects in vivo. Therefore, this study investigated the antihypertensive and vascular protective effects of L. rhinocerus TM02® sclerotia supplementation in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats served as a normotensive control group. SHR were orally administered with L. rhinocerus TM02® sclerotia (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, respectively) for 8 weeks, and blood pressure was monitored every 2 weeks. Vascular function was evaluated using an organ bath (aorta) and wire myograph (renal artery) at the treatment endpoint. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in the aorta and renal artery were evaluated using dihydroethidium (DHE) and difluoro fluorescein acetate (DAF-FM) fluorescence assays, respectively. Total plasma nitrate/nitrite and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were evaluated via colorimetric assays. In vivo treatment with L. rhinocerus TM02® sclerotia significantly attenuated the increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP). It also alleviated vascular dysfunction and decreased elevated ROS in the aorta and renal arteries of the treated SHRs. Moreover, L. rhinocerus TM02® sclerotia attenuated plasma TNF-α level but increased total plasma nitrate/nitrite, albeit slightly, coupled with significantly increased NO at the vascular level. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that L. rhinocerus TM02® sclerotia supplementation exerted blood pressure lowering effects, partly attributed to improvements in vascular function via reduction in vascular oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141775677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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