Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.034
Vikas Sharma, Arti Heer, Navneet Kour, Shivangi Sharma
The present study was carried out to evaluate antibacterial potential of methanolic extract from amla leaves via agar-well diffusion method against two gram positive ( subtilis MTCC2389, MTCC7443) and three gram negative (MTCC4821, MTCC2127, MTCC7162) strains. Susceptibility of plant extract was tested by serial microdilution method (MIC) and agar well diffusion method was determined. The extract showed maximum zone of inhibition against (17.6 mm) followed by (16.5 mm) and (16.2 mm). However, activity was also reported against (15.5 mm) and (15 mm). The different concentrations of extract (10μl and 20μl) were used and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 62.5 to 2000 μg/ml was compared with the standard drug Chloramphenicol (5μg). The MIC of methanolic extract was found 550 μg/ml against and The results of present study revealed that leaves of amla possesses antibacterial potential and source of new antibiotics. Therefore, medicinal plants are finding their way into pharmaceuticals, neutralceuticals and food Supplements that could be useful in chemotherapy to control infectious diseases.
{"title":"Antibacterial efficacy of amla leaves","authors":"Vikas Sharma, Arti Heer, Navneet Kour, Shivangi Sharma","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.034","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to evaluate antibacterial potential of methanolic extract from amla leaves via agar-well diffusion method against two gram positive ( subtilis MTCC2389, MTCC7443) and three gram negative (MTCC4821, MTCC2127, MTCC7162) strains. Susceptibility of plant extract was tested by serial microdilution method (MIC) and agar well diffusion method was determined. The extract showed maximum zone of inhibition against (17.6 mm) followed by (16.5 mm) and (16.2 mm). However, activity was also reported against (15.5 mm) and (15 mm). The different concentrations of extract (10μl and 20μl) were used and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 62.5 to 2000 μg/ml was compared with the standard drug Chloramphenicol (5μg). The MIC of methanolic extract was found 550 μg/ml against and The results of present study revealed that leaves of amla possesses antibacterial potential and source of new antibiotics. Therefore, medicinal plants are finding their way into pharmaceuticals, neutralceuticals and food Supplements that could be useful in chemotherapy to control infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":14182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.036
Manorama Singh
Chemical Investigation of leaves of Cestrum nocturnum (Solanaceae) led to the isolation of a compound which was characterized as 1-acetylbutane 1,2(S), 3(S)-4-tetraol or 1-acetyl D-erythritol (I) based on spectroscopic studies.
{"title":"1-Acetyl D-erythritol from the leaves of Cestrum nocturnum","authors":"Manorama Singh","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.036","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical Investigation of leaves of Cestrum nocturnum (Solanaceae) led to the isolation of a compound which was characterized as 1-acetylbutane 1,2(S), 3(S)-4-tetraol or 1-acetyl D-erythritol (I) based on spectroscopic studies.","PeriodicalId":14182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.030
Sushil S. Burle, Krishna R. Gupta, Yogeshri J. Jibhkate, Atul T. Hemke, Milind J Umekar
Molecular docking software is mainly used in drug development. Molecular docking offers a wide range of useful techniques for the creation and analysis of pharmaceuticals. Before now, predicting the target for a receptor was extremely challenging however, docking the target protein with a ligand is a straightforward and dependable procedure presently and binding affinity is designed. To see a molecule's three-dimensional structure, a variety of docking tools have been created. The docking score can also be examined using a variety of computational techniques. This review mainly emphases on the core idea of molecular docking, as well as its major uses and many kinds of interaction, Basics requirements for molecular docking, Molecular Approach, Application, and Software available for the Docking of molecules.
{"title":"Insights into molecular docking: A comprehensive view","authors":"Sushil S. Burle, Krishna R. Gupta, Yogeshri J. Jibhkate, Atul T. Hemke, Milind J Umekar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.030","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular docking software is mainly used in drug development. Molecular docking offers a wide range of useful techniques for the creation and analysis of pharmaceuticals. Before now, predicting the target for a receptor was extremely challenging however, docking the target protein with a ligand is a straightforward and dependable procedure presently and binding affinity is designed. To see a molecule's three-dimensional structure, a variety of docking tools have been created. The docking score can also be examined using a variety of computational techniques. This review mainly emphases on the core idea of molecular docking, as well as its major uses and many kinds of interaction, Basics requirements for molecular docking, Molecular Approach, Application, and Software available for the Docking of molecules.","PeriodicalId":14182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.031
Krishna R. Gupta, Tejaswini P. Masne, Milind J. Umekar
The marine is the primary source of uniquely structured natural materials, which are primarily found in living things. Marine algae have long been utilised as food and medicine and are crucial to the ecology. Marine creatures have the potential to be abundant sources of highly bioactive secondary metabolites that could serve as valuable starting points for the creation of novel pharmaceuticals. The sea is regarded as the largest remaining pool of natural molecules to be assessed for therapeutic activity and provides a tremendous resource for novel compounds due to the fact that marine animals make up around half of all species in the world. It is a real fact that the importance of marine organisms as a source of new substances is growing. Algae can be divided into two primary categories: macroalgae (seaweeds), which includes green, brown, and red algae, and microalgae, which includes blue-green algae, dinoflagellates, bacillariophyta (diatoms), etc. The natural bioactive compounds found in marine algae have been demonstrated to be a rich source of anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-hypercholesterolemia, antibacterial, and antineoplastic activities. They generate fresh secondary metabolites with potential for use as pharmaceuticals because of their biological activity. The potential pharmacological, therapeutic, and research applications of these substances have been covered in this review.
{"title":"Marine plants: Extraction and their medicinal importance","authors":"Krishna R. Gupta, Tejaswini P. Masne, Milind J. Umekar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.031","url":null,"abstract":"The marine is the primary source of uniquely structured natural materials, which are primarily found in living things. Marine algae have long been utilised as food and medicine and are crucial to the ecology. Marine creatures have the potential to be abundant sources of highly bioactive secondary metabolites that could serve as valuable starting points for the creation of novel pharmaceuticals. The sea is regarded as the largest remaining pool of natural molecules to be assessed for therapeutic activity and provides a tremendous resource for novel compounds due to the fact that marine animals make up around half of all species in the world. It is a real fact that the importance of marine organisms as a source of new substances is growing. Algae can be divided into two primary categories: macroalgae (seaweeds), which includes green, brown, and red algae, and microalgae, which includes blue-green algae, dinoflagellates, bacillariophyta (diatoms), etc. The natural bioactive compounds found in marine algae have been demonstrated to be a rich source of anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-hypercholesterolemia, antibacterial, and antineoplastic activities. They generate fresh secondary metabolites with potential for use as pharmaceuticals because of their biological activity. The potential pharmacological, therapeutic, and research applications of these substances have been covered in this review.","PeriodicalId":14182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.035
Alemu Tadesse Feroche
: Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem, and the alarming spread of parasite resistance has increased the importance of discovering new therapeutic products. In the present study, the antileishmanial activity of the methanolic extract of the leaf latex obtained from the Ethiopian plant Vernonia brachycalyx O. H. (family Asteraceae) was evaluated by in vitro testing against Leishmania aethiopica and . : Antileishmanial activity test was carried out using the Alamar Blue assay on promastigotes and axenic cultured amastigotes of and clinical isolates, and cell viability was fluorometrically determined. Amphotericin B was used as a positive control, and 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and the media were employed as a negative control. Moreover, preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts was performed. : Results of the study indicated that the latex possesses good activity against both parasites, with IC values of6.82 ± 0.18 and 6.34 ± 0.20μg/ml against promastigotes and 3.53 ± 0.33 and 2.61 ± 0.907μg/ml against axenically cultured amastigotes of and , respectively. The latex demonstrated selectivity indices (SIs) of 15.27 and 16.42 against promastigotes and 29.50 and 39.90 against axenically cultivated amastigotes of and . While, amphotericin B demonstrated SIs of 7.91 and 8.23 against promastigotes and 7.45 and 7.73 against axenically cultured amastigotes of and , respectively. Phytochemical screening demonstrated that the latex contains flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, and steroids. : The findings of this investigation attest that the latex of V. brachycalyx possesses promising antileishmanial activity against and , warranting further investigations into the active constituents.
:利什曼病是一个重大的公共卫生问题，寄生虫耐药性的惊人传播增加了发现新的治疗产品的重要性。本文研究了埃塞俄比亚植物Vernonia brachycalyx O. H.(菊科)叶乳胶的甲醇提取物对埃塞俄比亚利什曼原虫的体外抗利什曼原虫活性。采用Alamar Blue法对临床分离的promastigotes、无菌培养的amastigotes和临床分离的amastigotes进行抗利什曼原虫活性试验，并用荧光法测定细胞活力。两性霉素B为阳性对照，1%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和培养基为阴性对照。此外，对提取物进行了初步的植物化学分析。结果表明，乳剂对两种寄生虫均有较好的抑制作用，对原生无尾线虫的抑制作用IC分别为6.82±0.18和6.34±0.20μg/ml，对无尾线虫的抑制作用IC分别为3.53±0.33和2.61±0.907μg/ml。乳剂对原生无纺线菌的选择性指数分别为15.27和16.42，对无纺线菌的选择性指数分别为29.50和39.90。两性霉素B对原生无性系的si分别为7.91和8.23，对无性系的si分别为7.45和7.73。植物化学筛选表明乳胶含有类黄酮、单宁、心苷、萜类、皂苷、生物碱和类固醇。本研究结果表明，短萼花萼乳剂具有良好的抗利什曼病活性，值得进一步研究其有效成分。
{"title":"In vitro antileishmanial evaluation of Vernonia Brachycalyx leaf latex extract against two leishmania species","authors":"Alemu Tadesse Feroche","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.035","url":null,"abstract":": Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem, and the alarming spread of parasite resistance has increased the importance of discovering new therapeutic products. In the present study, the antileishmanial activity of the methanolic extract of the leaf latex obtained from the Ethiopian plant Vernonia brachycalyx O. H. (family Asteraceae) was evaluated by in vitro testing against Leishmania aethiopica and . : Antileishmanial activity test was carried out using the Alamar Blue assay on promastigotes and axenic cultured amastigotes of and clinical isolates, and cell viability was fluorometrically determined. Amphotericin B was used as a positive control, and 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and the media were employed as a negative control. Moreover, preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts was performed. : Results of the study indicated that the latex possesses good activity against both parasites, with IC values of6.82 ± 0.18 and 6.34 ± 0.20μg/ml against promastigotes and 3.53 ± 0.33 and 2.61 ± 0.907μg/ml against axenically cultured amastigotes of and , respectively. The latex demonstrated selectivity indices (SIs) of 15.27 and 16.42 against promastigotes and 29.50 and 39.90 against axenically cultivated amastigotes of and . While, amphotericin B demonstrated SIs of 7.91 and 8.23 against promastigotes and 7.45 and 7.73 against axenically cultured amastigotes of and , respectively. Phytochemical screening demonstrated that the latex contains flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, and steroids. : The findings of this investigation attest that the latex of V. brachycalyx possesses promising antileishmanial activity against and , warranting further investigations into the active constituents.","PeriodicalId":14182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.027
Firoj A. Tamboli, Apurva A. Salunkhe, Manasi S. Zade, Yash R. Ghadge, Monali D. Kore, Amruta D. More
In accordance with the International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC), excipients are any component used during the production procedure or included in a finished medicinal formulation but which is not an active ingredient or a prodrug. The USP-NF defines Forty different types of additives for usage in medicines. Another of the classes, organoleptic compliance, gives medicines flavor and color. Medicine is made more palatable by adding flavors. Again, depending on where they originate, these tastes are classified as natural, artificial, or natural and artificial (N&A). To deliver not only tastes but also a delightful flavor, flavoring agents are used in pharmaceutical preparations such edible syrup, oral suspension, herbal remedies, pills, tablets that can be chewed, bubbly tablets, easily dispersed tablets, and ODT. They are used to boost patient compliance or enhance the taste of therapeutic dosage forms.
{"title":"Natural flavoring agents used in pharmaceutical industry","authors":"Firoj A. Tamboli, Apurva A. Salunkhe, Manasi S. Zade, Yash R. Ghadge, Monali D. Kore, Amruta D. More","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.027","url":null,"abstract":"In accordance with the International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC), excipients are any component used during the production procedure or included in a finished medicinal formulation but which is not an active ingredient or a prodrug. The USP-NF defines Forty different types of additives for usage in medicines. Another of the classes, organoleptic compliance, gives medicines flavor and color. Medicine is made more palatable by adding flavors. Again, depending on where they originate, these tastes are classified as natural, artificial, or natural and artificial (N&A). To deliver not only tastes but also a delightful flavor, flavoring agents are used in pharmaceutical preparations such edible syrup, oral suspension, herbal remedies, pills, tablets that can be chewed, bubbly tablets, easily dispersed tablets, and ODT. They are used to boost patient compliance or enhance the taste of therapeutic dosage forms.","PeriodicalId":14182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.024
Sunil Chaudhry
Sex differences in kinetic handling of various therapeutic molecules - IJPCA- Print ISSN No: - 2394-2789 Online ISSN No:- 2394-2797 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.024, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis-Int J Pharm Chem Anal
各种治疗分子动力学处理的性别差异- IJPCA- Print ISSN No:- 2394-2789 Online ISSN No:- 2394-2797文章DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.024, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis-Int J Pharm Chem Anal
{"title":"Sex differences in kinetic handling of various therapeutic molecules","authors":"Sunil Chaudhry","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.024","url":null,"abstract":"Sex differences in kinetic handling of various therapeutic molecules - IJPCA- Print ISSN No: - 2394-2789 Online ISSN No:- 2394-2797 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.024, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis-Int J Pharm Chem Anal","PeriodicalId":14182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.029
Krishna R. Gupta, Monali R Dakhole, Ketki S Jinnawar, Milind J Umekar
Nowadays various drugs synthesized by various computational drug designs as well as various drugs have complex structure. Due to their complex structure, higher molecular weight which will increases solubility issues. Solubility is the most important and challenging task for researchers. Bioavailability and absorption of a drug depends on solubility of drug and thus we achieve pharmacological response. But poor aqueous solubility is a rate limiting step in bioavailability which made drug development more difficult. Drugs having low bioavailability require to be administered at a higher dose to achieve desired drug concentration in the systemic circulation and reach the target site. Thus, instead of getting desired effects drug produces side effects in the gastrointestinal tract. Hence, with the advancement of chemical science, the need of development of pharmaceutical technologies is also increasing. New techniques have been developed with a focus on enhancement of the solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The present review focuses on new technologies which are being used to resolve solubility issue of poorly soluble drugs which is the rate limiting step in bioavailability.
{"title":"Strategies for improving hydrophobic drugs solubility and bioavailability","authors":"Krishna R. Gupta, Monali R Dakhole, Ketki S Jinnawar, Milind J Umekar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.029","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays various drugs synthesized by various computational drug designs as well as various drugs have complex structure. Due to their complex structure, higher molecular weight which will increases solubility issues. Solubility is the most important and challenging task for researchers. Bioavailability and absorption of a drug depends on solubility of drug and thus we achieve pharmacological response. But poor aqueous solubility is a rate limiting step in bioavailability which made drug development more difficult. Drugs having low bioavailability require to be administered at a higher dose to achieve desired drug concentration in the systemic circulation and reach the target site. Thus, instead of getting desired effects drug produces side effects in the gastrointestinal tract. Hence, with the advancement of chemical science, the need of development of pharmaceutical technologies is also increasing. New techniques have been developed with a focus on enhancement of the solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The present review focuses on new technologies which are being used to resolve solubility issue of poorly soluble drugs which is the rate limiting step in bioavailability.","PeriodicalId":14182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypokalemia is a fatal metabolic, pathological and induced disorder of Potassium, manifested by low serum levels generally encountered in lactating animals and during thermal-stress. Currently Potassium is given in normal saline intravenously and very slowly. This method is costly, risky and laborious. To study the effect of oral administration of 12 g of elemental Potassium and 200 ml of Propylene glycol orally in hypokalemic cows. After estimating the serum level of potassium with Serum, analyzer, the effect of Nutri-Pot (A) containing 12 g of Potassium in 50-gram pouch and Nutri-Pot (B) containing 200 ml Propylene Glycol in 28 clinically hypokalemic cows was studied. Both A & B were mixed with 200 ml of drinking water and were slowly drenched and the second dose is repeated after 12 hours. Out of 28 cows, 26 were recovered fully and returned to normal condition and milk production. Combined drenching of Potassium and Propylene glycol was only the safest, most effective and economical method than administration through a balling gun and gelatin boluses or by ororuminal intubation. Or parenteral administration.
低钾血症是一种致命的钾代谢、病理性和诱发性疾病，表现为低血清水平，通常发生在哺乳期动物和热应激期间。目前钾是通过生理盐水缓慢静脉注射的。这种方法成本高、风险大、费力。研究低钾血症奶牛口服12 g单质钾和200 ml丙二醇的作用。用血清分析仪测定血清钾水平后，研究了28头临床低钾奶牛50克袋中含钾12 g的nutriu - pot (A)和200 ml丙二醇的nutriu - pot (B)的效果。A &B与200 ml饮用水混合，缓慢浸透，12小时后重复第二次给药。28头奶牛中，26头完全康复，恢复正常状态和产奶量。钾和丙二醇联合滴注是唯一最安全、最有效和最经济的方法，而不是通过球枪和明胶丸或经口插管给药。或者静脉注射。
{"title":"Oral treatment of hypokalemia with potassium chloride and propylene glycol in cows","authors":"Bala Krishna Rao Dabbir, Venkata Siva Reddy Santimalla, Srinivasulu Reddy Rajavolu","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.033","url":null,"abstract":"Hypokalemia is a fatal metabolic, pathological and induced disorder of Potassium, manifested by low serum levels generally encountered in lactating animals and during thermal-stress. Currently Potassium is given in normal saline intravenously and very slowly. This method is costly, risky and laborious. To study the effect of oral administration of 12 g of elemental Potassium and 200 ml of Propylene glycol orally in hypokalemic cows. After estimating the serum level of potassium with Serum, analyzer, the effect of Nutri-Pot (A) containing 12 g of Potassium in 50-gram pouch and Nutri-Pot (B) containing 200 ml Propylene Glycol in 28 clinically hypokalemic cows was studied. Both A & B were mixed with 200 ml of drinking water and were slowly drenched and the second dose is repeated after 12 hours. Out of 28 cows, 26 were recovered fully and returned to normal condition and milk production. Combined drenching of Potassium and Propylene glycol was only the safest, most effective and economical method than administration through a balling gun and gelatin boluses or by ororuminal intubation. Or parenteral administration.","PeriodicalId":14182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oxidative stress is defined as a condition in which the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense system gets disturbed and causes free radical induced diseases. The current research was aimed to carrying out quantification of phytochemicals in different parts of and explores the antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts of leaf (CFL), seed (CFS), and bark (CFB) to show their therapeutic importance. The antioxidant potential of plant parts was assessed by free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (SARSA), reducing power (RP), lipid peroxidation (LPO), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA), and ferric thiocyanate activity (FTC). Quercetin was used as a standard to measure the antioxidant activity. Among the tested plant extracts, CFB had the highest total phenolics and protein content than those of CFS and CFL, whereas CFL had the highest ascorbic acid, carotenoids and carbohydrate content than CFB and CFS plant parts. Antioxidant assay showed CFB had the lowest ICvalue for FRSA (35.48 μg/ml), LPO (91.91 μg/ml), HRSA (106.87 μg/ml) and FTC (53.21 μg/ml). CFS showed the lowest IC for SARSA (24.54 μg/ml) and the highest RP (2.14 ASE/ml). Overall, the bark of could be a potential natural antioxidant source for food as well as pharmaceutical applications.
{"title":"Estimation of phytochemical constituents and analysis of antioxidant activity in different parts of plant","authors":"Pankaj Singh, Rasna Gupta, Shikha Shukla, Ankit Gupta, Ram Lakhan Singh","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.032","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress is defined as a condition in which the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense system gets disturbed and causes free radical induced diseases. The current research was aimed to carrying out quantification of phytochemicals in different parts of and explores the antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts of leaf (CFL), seed (CFS), and bark (CFB) to show their therapeutic importance. The antioxidant potential of plant parts was assessed by free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (SARSA), reducing power (RP), lipid peroxidation (LPO), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA), and ferric thiocyanate activity (FTC). Quercetin was used as a standard to measure the antioxidant activity. Among the tested plant extracts, CFB had the highest total phenolics and protein content than those of CFS and CFL, whereas CFL had the highest ascorbic acid, carotenoids and carbohydrate content than CFB and CFS plant parts. Antioxidant assay showed CFB had the lowest ICvalue for FRSA (35.48 μg/ml), LPO (91.91 μg/ml), HRSA (106.87 μg/ml) and FTC (53.21 μg/ml). CFS showed the lowest IC for SARSA (24.54 μg/ml) and the highest RP (2.14 ASE/ml). Overall, the bark of could be a potential natural antioxidant source for food as well as pharmaceutical applications.","PeriodicalId":14182,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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