Cherukupalle Bhuvaneswar, P. R. Babu, Chintha Venkata Ramaiah, G. Sandeep, W. Rajendra
The present investigation is taken up to evaluate the antiviral efficacy of phenolics isolated from Sophora interrupta Bedd and their antioxidant role in the brain and lungs of chicken during Newcastle disease virus (NDV) induced oxidative stress. The activity levels of selected antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalyse (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels were significantly decreased in brain and lung tissues of NDV infected animals over controls causing oxidative stress. In addition, histopathological alterations disclosed that lungs of NDV infected chicken were affected severely as evidenced by the alterations in alveolar cell morphology, congestion, necrotic and degenerative changes whereas degeneration of Purkinje cells, neuronal necrosis, degeneration in myelin sheath and compression of cells were observed in the brain of NDV infected chickens. These reduced antioxidant defence mechanisms and histopathological abnormalities were restored to normal when chicken were pre-treated with the phenolics isolated from Sophora interrupta Bedd at the dose of 300 mg/Kg Bw/day for one week. Pre-treatment with the phenolics isolated from the above medicinal plant also caused significant reduction in the titre levels of NDV. These results suggest that pre-treatment with the phenolics isolated from Sophora interrupta Bedd exhibited significant antiviral activity and thus the plant extract may be used as a prophylactic treatment for the prevention of NDV infection in chicken.
{"title":"Antiviral activity and Antioxidant role of phenolics from Sophora interrupta Bedd in NDV induced oxidative stress in chickens","authors":"Cherukupalle Bhuvaneswar, P. R. Babu, Chintha Venkata Ramaiah, G. Sandeep, W. Rajendra","doi":"10.5138/09750185.2068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2068","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation is taken up to evaluate the antiviral efficacy of phenolics isolated from Sophora interrupta Bedd and their antioxidant role in the brain and lungs of chicken during Newcastle disease virus (NDV) induced oxidative stress. The activity levels of selected antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalyse (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels were significantly decreased in brain and lung tissues of NDV infected animals over controls causing oxidative stress. In addition, histopathological alterations disclosed that lungs of NDV infected chicken were affected severely as evidenced by the alterations in alveolar cell morphology, congestion, necrotic and degenerative changes whereas degeneration of Purkinje cells, neuronal necrosis, degeneration in myelin sheath and compression of cells were observed in the brain of NDV infected chickens. These reduced antioxidant defence mechanisms and histopathological abnormalities were restored to normal when chicken were pre-treated with the phenolics isolated from Sophora interrupta Bedd at the dose of 300 mg/Kg Bw/day for one week. Pre-treatment with the phenolics isolated from the above medicinal plant also caused significant reduction in the titre levels of NDV. These results suggest that pre-treatment with the phenolics isolated from Sophora interrupta Bedd exhibited significant antiviral activity and thus the plant extract may be used as a prophylactic treatment for the prevention of NDV infection in chicken.","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"53 1","pages":"426-435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82170296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Lh, C. B. Sanjeevkumar, Amarvani Pk, R. Londonkar
Pterocarpus marsupium is widely used as ‘Rasayana’ in ayurvedic system for curing several medical ailments. In view of this, petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of Pterocarpus marsupium bark was scrutinized to unfold free radical scavenging by measuring their capability for scavenging DPPH radical, ABTS, phosphomolybdenum assay as well as reducing power capacity assessment and anti- inflammatory activity by inhibition of protein denaturation. Additionally, RBC’S were also used to explore the potentiality of Pterocarpus marsupium different extracts to shield RBC in oxidative stress condition. Chloroform extract showed an effective pharmacological activity in all assays when compared with petroleum ether extract and their respective standards. This reveals the use of Pterocarpus marsupium as a potent source of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-haemolytic agent and would provide an ample opportunity for further investigation. Isolation of active compounds from this plant responsible for producing such bioactivities is under process.
{"title":"Comparative screening of in-vitro free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory and anti-haemolytic activities from non-polar solvent extracts of Pterocarpus marsupium","authors":"A. Lh, C. B. Sanjeevkumar, Amarvani Pk, R. Londonkar","doi":"10.5138/09750185.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2021","url":null,"abstract":"Pterocarpus marsupium is widely used as ‘Rasayana’ in ayurvedic system for curing several medical ailments. In view of this, petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of Pterocarpus marsupium bark was scrutinized to unfold free radical scavenging by measuring their capability for scavenging DPPH radical, ABTS, phosphomolybdenum assay as well as reducing power capacity assessment and anti- inflammatory activity by inhibition of protein denaturation. Additionally, RBC’S were also used to explore the potentiality of Pterocarpus marsupium different extracts to shield RBC in oxidative stress condition. Chloroform extract showed an effective pharmacological activity in all assays when compared with petroleum ether extract and their respective standards. This reveals the use of Pterocarpus marsupium as a potent source of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-haemolytic agent and would provide an ample opportunity for further investigation. Isolation of active compounds from this plant responsible for producing such bioactivities is under process.","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"82 1","pages":"399-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83619844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yograj Guggul ( YG ) is a poly-herbal formulation extensively used by Ayurvedic practitioners to treat inflammatory conditions. However there are no reports evaluating its effect on the various enzymes involved in the inflammatory pathway. Hence the present was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of YG , on inhibition of Cyclooxygenase (COX) - 1 & 2 and 5-Lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes in vitro . Three concentrations (25, 50 and 100µg/ml) of the aqueous extract of YG were studied on the inhibition of COX 1 & 2 and 5-LOX enzymes by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA). Aspirin was used as a positive control at concentration corresponding to its anti-inflammatory human dose (100µg/ml). YG exhibited maximum inhibition of both COX-1 &COX-2 enzymes at 100µg/ml that was comparable to aspirin. Interestingly, YG showed a dose dependent increase in percentage inhibition of 5-LOX enzyme with maximum effect at 100µg/ml which was significantly higher than that exhibited by aspirin. YG inhibits both COX enzymes indicating its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent. The 5-LOX inhibitory activity exhibited by YG provides a lead to explore its role further as a dual inhibitor of COX/5-LOX pathways and also to investigate its role to treat inflammatory respiratory disorders.
{"title":"Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of Yograj Guggul: an in vitro study","authors":"S. Bhalerao, R. Munshi, S. Joshi","doi":"10.5138/09750185.2122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2122","url":null,"abstract":"Yograj Guggul ( YG ) is a poly-herbal formulation extensively used by Ayurvedic practitioners to treat inflammatory conditions. However there are no reports evaluating its effect on the various enzymes involved in the inflammatory pathway. Hence the present was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of YG , on inhibition of Cyclooxygenase (COX) - 1 & 2 and 5-Lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes in vitro . Three concentrations (25, 50 and 100µg/ml) of the aqueous extract of YG were studied on the inhibition of COX 1 & 2 and 5-LOX enzymes by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA). Aspirin was used as a positive control at concentration corresponding to its anti-inflammatory human dose (100µg/ml). YG exhibited maximum inhibition of both COX-1 &COX-2 enzymes at 100µg/ml that was comparable to aspirin. Interestingly, YG showed a dose dependent increase in percentage inhibition of 5-LOX enzyme with maximum effect at 100µg/ml which was significantly higher than that exhibited by aspirin. YG inhibits both COX enzymes indicating its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent. The 5-LOX inhibitory activity exhibited by YG provides a lead to explore its role further as a dual inhibitor of COX/5-LOX pathways and also to investigate its role to treat inflammatory respiratory disorders.","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"498-500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78667135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marine algae are excellent source of bioactive compounds that can be used as an alternative source for finding novel anti-cancer molecules. Gracilaria corticata, red algae from Surathkal beach, Karnataka were studied for their anti-proliferative activities and their morphological characterization on HeLa cells were assessed. Cytotoxicity of the algal ethanolic extracts on HeLa cells were assayed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction method. Morphological assessment was done by examinations with Hoechst staining and acid vacuoles were determined using acridine orange. Induction of apoptosis was studied using caspase activity. Based on IC 50 value, further morphological assessment was carried out and apoptosis was confirmed using Hoechst 33342 staining and acridine orange staining respectively. Treated cells became round with blebbings with condensed nuclei. Acidic lysosomal vacuoles formation occurred in treated cells. These red algae were able to suppress proliferation and promote apoptosis-- mediated cell death with induction of initial stages of apoptosis in HeLa cell lines. Thus, this seaweed can be a potent candidate for isolating new green drug anticancer molecules. However, further characterization at the molecular and structural levels are required.
{"title":"A Study on the Ethanolic Extracts of Red Seaweed- Gracilaria corticata (J.Agardh) J. Agardh, to Assess the Antiproliferative Activity and Morphological Characterization of Apoptosis on HeLa Cell lines","authors":"S. Ashwini, M. Shantaram","doi":"10.5138/09750185.2082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2082","url":null,"abstract":"Marine algae are excellent source of bioactive compounds that can be used as an alternative source for finding novel anti-cancer molecules. Gracilaria corticata, red algae from Surathkal beach, Karnataka were studied for their anti-proliferative activities and their morphological characterization on HeLa cells were assessed. Cytotoxicity of the algal ethanolic extracts on HeLa cells were assayed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction method. Morphological assessment was done by examinations with Hoechst staining and acid vacuoles were determined using acridine orange. Induction of apoptosis was studied using caspase activity. Based on IC 50 value, further morphological assessment was carried out and apoptosis was confirmed using Hoechst 33342 staining and acridine orange staining respectively. Treated cells became round with blebbings with condensed nuclei. Acidic lysosomal vacuoles formation occurred in treated cells. These red algae were able to suppress proliferation and promote apoptosis-- mediated cell death with induction of initial stages of apoptosis in HeLa cell lines. Thus, this seaweed can be a potent candidate for isolating new green drug anticancer molecules. However, further characterization at the molecular and structural levels are required.","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"436-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81499321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Jun, Chul-yung Choi, Gyuok Lee, SangO Pan, Jaeyong Kim
Osteoporosis increases with age, most frequently in postmenopausal women because of reduced ovarian hormone levels. Furthermore, estrogen deficiency impairs trabecular metaphyseal bone. Although efficacious, long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has estrogen-like side effects including breast and endometrial cancers, and non-hormonal or herbal therapies may be safer alternatives. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aqueous extracts of Cynanchum wilfordii (CWW) on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κ B) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in vitro and ovariectomy-mediated osteoporosis in vivo . CWW inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in primary mouse bone marrow-derived cells. We investigated the osteoprotective effect of CWW in an ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rat model treated with vehicle (OVX/vehicle), 17 β -estradiol (OVX/E2), or three CWW doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). After a 24-week treatment, the body and uterus weights were not affected except in the OVX/E2 group. Additionally, bone mineral density (BMD) and histological analyses showed that the BMD of the femurs of CWW400-treated rats was significantly higher than that of the OVX/vehicle rats, and comparable to that of the OVX/E2 group rats. Serum levels of bone turnover markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, collagen type I C-telopeptide, and TRAP significantly decreased in the CWW400 group. Our results show that compared to the vehicle, CWW had a significant anti-osteoporotic effect in the OVX model. Taken together, CWW exhibited inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis in vitro, and we confirmed its in vivo efficacy in the prevention of osteoporosis.
{"title":"Bone regenerative effect of aqueous Cynanchum wilfordii extract in receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation and estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis","authors":"W. Jun, Chul-yung Choi, Gyuok Lee, SangO Pan, Jaeyong Kim","doi":"10.5138/09750185.1979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.1979","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoporosis increases with age, most frequently in postmenopausal women because of reduced ovarian hormone levels. Furthermore, estrogen deficiency impairs trabecular metaphyseal bone. Although efficacious, long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has estrogen-like side effects including breast and endometrial cancers, and non-hormonal or herbal therapies may be safer alternatives. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aqueous extracts of Cynanchum wilfordii (CWW) on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κ B) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in vitro and ovariectomy-mediated osteoporosis in vivo . CWW inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in primary mouse bone marrow-derived cells. We investigated the osteoprotective effect of CWW in an ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rat model treated with vehicle (OVX/vehicle), 17 β -estradiol (OVX/E2), or three CWW doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). After a 24-week treatment, the body and uterus weights were not affected except in the OVX/E2 group. Additionally, bone mineral density (BMD) and histological analyses showed that the BMD of the femurs of CWW400-treated rats was significantly higher than that of the OVX/vehicle rats, and comparable to that of the OVX/E2 group rats. Serum levels of bone turnover markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, collagen type I C-telopeptide, and TRAP significantly decreased in the CWW400 group. Our results show that compared to the vehicle, CWW had a significant anti-osteoporotic effect in the OVX model. Taken together, CWW exhibited inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis in vitro, and we confirmed its in vivo efficacy in the prevention of osteoporosis.","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"113 1","pages":"461-470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79764065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this work was to investigate the mechanisms of cytotoxicity of phyto-hydroxyanthraquinone aloe-emodin (AE) on human brain microvascular endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3 and to assess the cellular response in the early stage of treatment in order to extend the knowledge of AE’s anti-angiogenic properties. The immortalized human brain capillary endothelial cells hCMEC/D3 were treated with a series of AE concentrations (5 - 200 μM) for a period of 24 hours. The cell viability was determined by MTS assay. The cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were evaluated by CellTiter-Glo® luminescent assay. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein (CM- H2DCFDA) fluorescence assay. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed using tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) staining, while Fluo-4 was used to measure 2 the intracellular free Ca 2+ concentrations inside living cells analysed by High Content Analysis using the Arrayscan VTI 740. Twenty-four- hour treatment of hCMEC/D3 cells with AE, in concentrations between 50 and 200 µM, decreased the cell viability as well as the intracellular ATP levels in a dose- dependent manner. Increased ROS production and disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential have also been detected. Notably, AE at a concentration greater than 5 µM dramatically increased intracellular calcium levels. Our results collectively indicate that AE inhibits proliferation of human brain microvascular cells via a mechanism involving ROS generation, disruption of Ca 2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial damage.
{"title":"Aloe-emodin triggers ROS and Ca 2+ production and decreases the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential of human brain capillary endothelial cells","authors":"I. Dimova, S. Danova, E. Nikolova, M. Koprinarova","doi":"10.5138/09750185.2138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2138","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to investigate the mechanisms of cytotoxicity of phyto-hydroxyanthraquinone aloe-emodin (AE) on human brain microvascular endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3 and to assess the cellular response in the early stage of treatment in order to extend the knowledge of AE’s anti-angiogenic properties. The immortalized human brain capillary endothelial cells hCMEC/D3 were treated with a series of AE concentrations (5 - 200 μM) for a period of 24 hours. The cell viability was determined by MTS assay. The cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were evaluated by CellTiter-Glo® luminescent assay. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein (CM- H2DCFDA) fluorescence assay. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed using tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) staining, while Fluo-4 was used to measure 2 the intracellular free Ca 2+ concentrations inside living cells analysed by High Content Analysis using the Arrayscan VTI 740. Twenty-four- hour treatment of hCMEC/D3 cells with AE, in concentrations between 50 and 200 µM, decreased the cell viability as well as the intracellular ATP levels in a dose- dependent manner. Increased ROS production and disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential have also been detected. Notably, AE at a concentration greater than 5 µM dramatically increased intracellular calcium levels. Our results collectively indicate that AE inhibits proliferation of human brain microvascular cells via a mechanism involving ROS generation, disruption of Ca 2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial damage.","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"511-517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81427330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: The aim of present study was to evaluate the cardioprotective efficacy of Polygonum glabrum on isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Methods: Experimental rats were treated orally with methanol extract of Polygonum glabrum at two doses (200 mg and 400 mg/kg) for 30 days. Isoproterenol (85 mg/kg, s.c.) was administered on 29 th and 30 th day to induce myocardial necrosis. At the end of the experiment, serum cardiac marker enzymes [creatine kinase muscle brain (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT)], serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and total protein (TP) were estimated. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were also recorded. Further, antioxidant parameters viz catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated in heart tissue homogenate. Results: The results of the study indicated that, methanol extract of Polygonum glabrum showed greater cardioprotection by restoring the cardiac marker enzymes and attenuated the level of plasma lipid profiles along with an increase in HDL. Additionally, level of myocardial antioxidants significantly increased along with a reduction in the content of malondialdehyde. The cardioprotective effect was compared with propranolol (10 mg/kg, oral) which was used as the standard. Histopathological findings revealed a decrease in the degree of necrosis and inflammation following pretreatment with Polygonum glabrum . Conclusion: The present investigation indicates that Polygonum glabrum could protect myocardium from isoproterenol induced necrosis.
{"title":"Cardioprotective Potential of Methanol Extract of Polygonum glabrum on Isoproterenol Induced Myocardial Necrosis in Rats","authors":"S. Raja, I. Ramya","doi":"10.5138/09750185.2125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2125","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of present study was to evaluate the cardioprotective efficacy of Polygonum glabrum on isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Methods: Experimental rats were treated orally with methanol extract of Polygonum glabrum at two doses (200 mg and 400 mg/kg) for 30 days. Isoproterenol (85 mg/kg, s.c.) was administered on 29 th and 30 th day to induce myocardial necrosis. At the end of the experiment, serum cardiac marker enzymes [creatine kinase muscle brain (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT)], serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and total protein (TP) were estimated. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were also recorded. Further, antioxidant parameters viz catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated in heart tissue homogenate. Results: The results of the study indicated that, methanol extract of Polygonum glabrum showed greater cardioprotection by restoring the cardiac marker enzymes and attenuated the level of plasma lipid profiles along with an increase in HDL. Additionally, level of myocardial antioxidants significantly increased along with a reduction in the content of malondialdehyde. The cardioprotective effect was compared with propranolol (10 mg/kg, oral) which was used as the standard. Histopathological findings revealed a decrease in the degree of necrosis and inflammation following pretreatment with Polygonum glabrum . Conclusion: The present investigation indicates that Polygonum glabrum could protect myocardium from isoproterenol induced necrosis.","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"67 1","pages":"518-527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86079948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean-Fabrice Yala, Rolande Mabika Mabika, B. Camara, S. Tuo, A. Souza, A. N. Lepengué, D. Kone, B. M’batchi
The purpose of this study was to assess in vitro the activity of four essential oils ( Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Lippia multiflora, Melaleuca quinquenervia ) and the biobactericide Neco® on Gram-positive bacteria. T he aromatogram and antibiogram were assessed by the agar well diffusion method and the Muller Hinton disk-agar diffusion method, respectively. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by the microdilution method in liquid medium. The aromatogram showed that the biobactericide Neco® induced the largest inhibition diameters (34.53 ± 11.82 - 43.92 ± 5.38 mm) of all strains combined, followed by the essential oils of Eucalyptus Citriodora (30.01 ± 3.02 - 41.89 ± 1.77 mm) and Lippia multiflora (20.72 ± 4.72 - 37.61 ± 2.80 mm). However, the essential oils of Melaleuca quinquenervia (19.99 ± 3.93 - 26.20 ± 13.27 mm) and Cymbopogon citratus (13.52 ± 3.59 - 29.08 ± 2.35 mm) had the smallest inhibition diameters. Moreover, the comparison of the activities of the aromatogram and antibiogram revealed generally that activities were higher with essential oils than with antibiotics. At the end of this study, the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus , Eucalyptus citriodora, Lippia multiflora, Melaleuca quinquenervia and the biobactericide Neco® had an antibacterial activity on Gram+ bacteria.
{"title":"Assessment of the antibacterial activity of four essential oils and the biobactericide Neco.","authors":"Jean-Fabrice Yala, Rolande Mabika Mabika, B. Camara, S. Tuo, A. Souza, A. N. Lepengué, D. Kone, B. M’batchi","doi":"10.5138/09750185.2106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2106","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to assess in vitro the activity of four essential oils ( Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Lippia multiflora, Melaleuca quinquenervia ) and the biobactericide Neco® on Gram-positive bacteria. T he aromatogram and antibiogram were assessed by the agar well diffusion method and the Muller Hinton disk-agar diffusion method, respectively. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by the microdilution method in liquid medium. The aromatogram showed that the biobactericide Neco® induced the largest inhibition diameters (34.53 ± 11.82 - 43.92 ± 5.38 mm) of all strains combined, followed by the essential oils of Eucalyptus Citriodora (30.01 ± 3.02 - 41.89 ± 1.77 mm) and Lippia multiflora (20.72 ± 4.72 - 37.61 ± 2.80 mm). However, the essential oils of Melaleuca quinquenervia (19.99 ± 3.93 - 26.20 ± 13.27 mm) and Cymbopogon citratus (13.52 ± 3.59 - 29.08 ± 2.35 mm) had the smallest inhibition diameters. Moreover, the comparison of the activities of the aromatogram and antibiogram revealed generally that activities were higher with essential oils than with antibiotics. At the end of this study, the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus , Eucalyptus citriodora, Lippia multiflora, Melaleuca quinquenervia and the biobactericide Neco® had an antibacterial activity on Gram+ bacteria.","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"443-450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76157820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa (Bael), is indigenous to India and its leaves, bark, roots and fruit have been used for over 5000 years in the Indian traditional system of medicine like the Ayurveda, Naturopathy and in various folk medicine to treat various diseases including diabetes. This study was conducted to assess Knowledge, Practice and Use (KPU)of Aegle Marmelos (L.) Correa leaves among 20 Ayurvedic (AP) and Naturopathic practitioners (NP) in Vadodara city as well as desk reviews on various commercial formulations of Aegle Marmelos (L.) Correa (Bael) used in health and disease specially diabetes using internet Desk reviews were done using Pub Med and other web sources along with personal visits to various libraries across Gujarat state. For KPU, Purposive selection of AP (n=10) and NP (n=10) was done using snow ball sampling technique from Vadodara city in the form of key informant interviews based on their oral consent to share data among. Desk reviews revealed that Aegle Marmelos (L.) Correa leaves were being recognized as a remedy for the treatment of diabetes in both Ayurveda and Naturopathy. Many Ayurvedic formulations were available commercially as poly herbal formulations (PHF) rather than single drug in the market of various reputed brands which contained Aegle Marmelos (L.) Correa leaves in the form of various powder, tablets, capsules, etc. Naturopathy did not contain any commercial brands of Aegle Marmelos (L.) Correa leaves as it believes in fresh doses of the plant. KPU results revealed that AP used bael leaves for the treatment of diabetes and the dosage for the treatment ranged from 5-10g/day in various forms such as powder, decoction and dry extract in the form of capsules (1 capsule contains 0.5mg of extract which is equivalent to 5mg of leaf powder). NP also used bael leaves for the treatment of diabetes and the dosage ranged from 40-50 fresh leaves in the form of juice mixed with water to make a volume of around 100ml. Bael leaves were reported to be used by these practitioners as anti-diabetic agent. This information extracted warrants further clinical trials to prove the efficacy of the anti-diabetic properties of these leaves.
{"title":"Knowledge, Practice And Use Of Aegle Marmelos (L.) Correa Leaves Among Naturopathy And Ayurvedic Practitioners Of Vadodara City and Desk Review On Various Commercial Formulations available In Health And Disease Specially Diabetes","authors":"V. Nigam, V. Nambiar","doi":"10.5138/09750185.2167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2167","url":null,"abstract":"The Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa (Bael), is indigenous to India and its leaves, bark, roots and fruit have been used for over 5000 years in the Indian traditional system of medicine like the Ayurveda, Naturopathy and in various folk medicine to treat various diseases including diabetes. This study was conducted to assess Knowledge, Practice and Use (KPU)of Aegle Marmelos (L.) Correa leaves among 20 Ayurvedic (AP) and Naturopathic practitioners (NP) in Vadodara city as well as desk reviews on various commercial formulations of Aegle Marmelos (L.) Correa (Bael) used in health and disease specially diabetes using internet Desk reviews were done using Pub Med and other web sources along with personal visits to various libraries across Gujarat state. For KPU, Purposive selection of AP (n=10) and NP (n=10) was done using snow ball sampling technique from Vadodara city in the form of key informant interviews based on their oral consent to share data among. Desk reviews revealed that Aegle Marmelos (L.) Correa leaves were being recognized as a remedy for the treatment of diabetes in both Ayurveda and Naturopathy. Many Ayurvedic formulations were available commercially as poly herbal formulations (PHF) rather than single drug in the market of various reputed brands which contained Aegle Marmelos (L.) Correa leaves in the form of various powder, tablets, capsules, etc. Naturopathy did not contain any commercial brands of Aegle Marmelos (L.) Correa leaves as it believes in fresh doses of the plant. KPU results revealed that AP used bael leaves for the treatment of diabetes and the dosage for the treatment ranged from 5-10g/day in various forms such as powder, decoction and dry extract in the form of capsules (1 capsule contains 0.5mg of extract which is equivalent to 5mg of leaf powder). NP also used bael leaves for the treatment of diabetes and the dosage ranged from 40-50 fresh leaves in the form of juice mixed with water to make a volume of around 100ml. Bael leaves were reported to be used by these practitioners as anti-diabetic agent. This information extracted warrants further clinical trials to prove the efficacy of the anti-diabetic properties of these leaves.","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"41 1","pages":"451-460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81316163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A high value medicinal plant W. somnifera L. Indian Ginseng; Ashwagandha investigated for the antioxidant and influence of physico-chemical properties of soil on antioxidant along the topographical gradients in Kullu Valley, North Western Indian Himalaya. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in methanol extracts of fruits, leaves, stems and roots were quantified and their antioxidant activities were evaluated using the in-vitro assays such as DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. The study revealed that fruits, leaves, stems and roots of W. somnifera were potent source of natural phenolics and flavonoids and possesses antioxidant activities, which were significantly affected by the changes in altitude (p ≤0.05). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in different parts of W. somnifera showed significant correlations with soil properties. The study conclude that changes in topographical gradients particularly altitude influenced antioxidant activities of W. somnifera and suggest that antioxidant rich population of a desired medicinal plant should be identified for their conservation management and sustainable utilization in pharmaceutical and food industries.
{"title":"Investigation of antioxidant properties of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal and influence of physico-chemical properties of soil along the topographic gradients in sub-tropical region of the Indian Himalaya","authors":"R. Kundra, S. Samant, S. K. Nandi, R. Sharma","doi":"10.5138/09750185.1986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.1986","url":null,"abstract":"A high value medicinal plant W. somnifera L. Indian Ginseng; Ashwagandha investigated for the antioxidant and influence of physico-chemical properties of soil on antioxidant along the topographical gradients in Kullu Valley, North Western Indian Himalaya. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in methanol extracts of fruits, leaves, stems and roots were quantified and their antioxidant activities were evaluated using the in-vitro assays such as DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. The study revealed that fruits, leaves, stems and roots of W. somnifera were potent source of natural phenolics and flavonoids and possesses antioxidant activities, which were significantly affected by the changes in altitude (p ≤0.05). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in different parts of W. somnifera showed significant correlations with soil properties. The study conclude that changes in topographical gradients particularly altitude influenced antioxidant activities of W. somnifera and suggest that antioxidant rich population of a desired medicinal plant should be identified for their conservation management and sustainable utilization in pharmaceutical and food industries.","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"407-415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83225650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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