International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials最新文献

英文中文

Fabrication and mechanical properties of AlN-covered Wf reinforced Fe activated sintered W-AlN matrix composites

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107028

Shuai Chen , Zhizhong Jiang , Zheng Ye , Wanli Wang , Jian Yang , Jihua Huang

In this study, AlN-covered W_f reinforced Fe activated sintered W-AlN matrix composites were fabricated. The fiber/matrix interface in the composites was modified through the AlN interlayer formed by the effective sintering of the AlN powders covered on the W_f surface. AlN powder with average particle size of 500 nm as well as mixtures of 500 nm AlN powder and 30 nm AlN powder were used for the preparation of AlN-covered W_f. The mixed AlN powder with coarse (500 nm) and fine (30 nm) particle sizes was found conducive to the sintering densification of the AlN interlayer, which was beneficial for the strengthening and toughening. The optimal volume ratios of the two particle sizes of AlN powders used to cover the W_f were 8:2 and 9:1 for the enhancement of the flexural strength and fracture toughness, respectively. The prediction results of the artificial neural network indicate that the mechanical properties of the composites were also closely related to the thickness of the AlN powder covered layer on the W_f surface as well as the particle size and mass fraction of AlN particles in the matrix. By covering a 3.5 μm thick AlN powder layer on the W_f surface, the composites with 2 % mass fraction of 10 μm AlN particles in the matrix could obtain the highest flexural strength. Through covering a 10 μm thick AlN powder layer on the W_f surface, the composites with 2 % mass fraction of 500 nm AlN particles in the matrix could achieve the highest fracture toughness. Compared with the W(Fe) material, the optimal flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites were increased by 64.92 % and 216.34 %, respectively, indicating the significant strengthening and toughening effect of the AlN-covered W_f and the AlN particles on the composites.

{"title":"Fabrication and mechanical properties of AlN-covered Wf reinforced Fe activated sintered W-AlN matrix composites","authors":"Shuai Chen , Zhizhong Jiang , Zheng Ye , Wanli Wang , Jian Yang , Jihua Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, AlN-covered W<sub>f</sub> reinforced Fe activated sintered W-AlN matrix composites were fabricated. The fiber/matrix interface in the composites was modified through the AlN interlayer formed by the effective sintering of the AlN powders covered on the W<sub>f</sub> surface. AlN powder with average particle size of 500 nm as well as mixtures of 500 nm AlN powder and 30 nm AlN powder were used for the preparation of AlN-covered W<sub>f</sub>. The mixed AlN powder with coarse (500 nm) and fine (30 nm) particle sizes was found conducive to the sintering densification of the AlN interlayer, which was beneficial for the strengthening and toughening. The optimal volume ratios of the two particle sizes of AlN powders used to cover the W<sub>f</sub> were 8:2 and 9:1 for the enhancement of the flexural strength and fracture toughness, respectively. The prediction results of the artificial neural network indicate that the mechanical properties of the composites were also closely related to the thickness of the AlN powder covered layer on the W<sub>f</sub> surface as well as the particle size and mass fraction of AlN particles in the matrix. By covering a 3.5 μm thick AlN powder layer on the W<sub>f</sub> surface, the composites with 2 % mass fraction of 10 μm AlN particles in the matrix could obtain the highest flexural strength. Through covering a 10 μm thick AlN powder layer on the W<sub>f</sub> surface, the composites with 2 % mass fraction of 500 nm AlN particles in the matrix could achieve the highest fracture toughness. Compared with the W(Fe) material, the optimal flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites were increased by 64.92 % and 216.34 %, respectively, indicating the significant strengthening and toughening effect of the AlN-covered W<sub>f</sub> and the AlN particles on the composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 107028"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of oxygen on the wear of WC-Co sliding against copper

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107030

F. Ekholm, J. Heinrichs Lindgren, U. Wiklund, S. Jacobson

In the zipper manufacturing industry, cemented carbide (WC-Co) tools are typically used in shearing operations of pre-formed Cu-Zn alloy wire (15 wt% Zn) to form zipper elements. Despite its superior hardness, the WC-Co becomes gradually worn when shearing the alloy. Paradoxically, the WC and Co binder, despite their vastly different hardness, become worn at the same rate and to an even level, resulting in a smooth tool surface. High-resolution analysis of worn tools from zipper production and simplified tribological tests mimicking the sliding involved have led to several insights about the wear. The wear likely occurs through oxidative mechanisms and decreases with increasing Zn content in the alloy since Zn consumes available oxygen in the contact. In the present study, the oxidative nature of the wear is further analysed. The wear of WC-Co is investigated when sliding against pure Cu in different atmospheres, using a sliding test rig equipped with a controlled atmospheric chamber. The chamber is flushed with nitrogen gas to enable wear testing in an oxygen deficient environment. In addition, tests in flowing and stagnant air are performed to study the effects of an air flow on the wear. The wear is analysed using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and optical surface profilometry.

The visual appearances and chemical compositions of the wear surfaces were very similar after sliding against pure Cu in the different atmospheres, indicating that the same wear mechanisms had been active. In contrast, the wear rate differed significantly between the different atmospheres, being lowest in the oxygen deficient atmosphere and highest in flowing air. This indicates that the wear is oxidative, and that sliding in an oxygen deficient atmosphere has a similar effect of reducing wear as the addition of Zn has in Cu-Zn alloys.

{"title":"The influence of oxygen on the wear of WC-Co sliding against copper","authors":"F. Ekholm, J. Heinrichs Lindgren, U. Wiklund, S. Jacobson","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the zipper manufacturing industry, cemented carbide (WC-Co) tools are typically used in shearing operations of pre-formed Cu-Zn alloy wire (15 wt% Zn) to form zipper elements. Despite its superior hardness, the WC-Co becomes gradually worn when shearing the alloy. Paradoxically, the WC and Co binder, despite their vastly different hardness, become worn at the same rate and to an even level, resulting in a smooth tool surface. High-resolution analysis of worn tools from zipper production and simplified tribological tests mimicking the sliding involved have led to several insights about the wear. The wear likely occurs through oxidative mechanisms and decreases with increasing Zn content in the alloy since Zn consumes available oxygen in the contact. In the present study, the oxidative nature of the wear is further analysed. The wear of WC-Co is investigated when sliding against pure Cu in different atmospheres, using a sliding test rig equipped with a controlled atmospheric chamber. The chamber is flushed with nitrogen gas to enable wear testing in an oxygen deficient environment. In addition, tests in flowing and stagnant air are performed to study the effects of an air flow on the wear. The wear is analysed using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and optical surface profilometry.</div><div>The visual appearances and chemical compositions of the wear surfaces were very similar after sliding against pure Cu in the different atmospheres, indicating that the same wear mechanisms had been active. In contrast, the wear rate differed significantly between the different atmospheres, being lowest in the oxygen deficient atmosphere and highest in flowing air. This indicates that the wear is oxidative, and that sliding in an oxygen deficient atmosphere has a similar effect of reducing wear as the addition of Zn has in Cu-Zn alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 107030"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing processing parameters in electron beam powder bed fusion(EB-PBF) for CuNiFeSnTi/Diamond composites

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107027

Zihan Yang , Yong Liu , Huixia Li , Weiwei He , Wei Zhang

Additive manufacturing enables structural-functional integration of metal matrix diamond composites, while the poor formability and thermal damage to diamond under high-temperature melt pools needs to be solved. In this work, CuNiFeSnTi/Diamond composites were prepared by an electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) method. The strategies of manipulating processing conditions, in order to control both the metallurgical quality of the composites and thermal stability of diamond, were investigated. The modified normalized enthalpy and lack of fusion parameters are proposed to accelerate the optimization of process parameters to prevent metallurgical porosity. The high activation energy for diamond in vacuum is helpful to expand the processing window. Within the energy density range of 27.43–28.8 J/mm³, CuNiFeSnTi/diamond composites with high density and controllable graphitization can be manufactured, and the transverse rupture strength (TRS) of the composites is as high as 809 MPa. This represents the highest value reported to date for Cu alloy diamond composites in powder bed fusion technology.

{"title":"Optimizing processing parameters in electron beam powder bed fusion(EB-PBF) for CuNiFeSnTi/Diamond composites","authors":"Zihan Yang , Yong Liu , Huixia Li , Weiwei He , Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing enables structural-functional integration of metal matrix diamond composites, while the poor formability and thermal damage to diamond under high-temperature melt pools needs to be solved. In this work, CuNiFeSnTi/Diamond composites were prepared by an electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) method. The strategies of manipulating processing conditions, in order to control both the metallurgical quality of the composites and thermal stability of diamond, were investigated. The modified normalized enthalpy and lack of fusion parameters are proposed to accelerate the optimization of process parameters to prevent metallurgical porosity. The high activation energy for diamond in vacuum is helpful to expand the processing window. Within the energy density range of 27.43–28.8 J/mm<sup>3</sup>, CuNiFeSnTi/diamond composites with high density and controllable graphitization can be manufactured, and the transverse rupture strength (TRS) of the composites is as high as 809 MPa. This represents the highest value reported to date for Cu alloy diamond composites in powder bed fusion technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 107027"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of carbon content on the microstructure and properties of NbC-Fe cermets

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107026

Celmo Hudson Reis De Paula , Zahid Anwer , Shuigen Huang , Jef Vleugels , Meysam Mashhadikarimi , Rubens Maribondo do Nascimento

The aim of this work was to correlate the overall carbon content in NbC-Fe starting powders with the resulting microstructure, hardness and fracture toughness of Fe-bonded NbC cermets prepared by conventional liquid phase sintering for 1 h at 1400 °C in vacuum. The microstructure, phase composition and thermal behavior were analysed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry, and the Vickers hardness and Palmqvist fracture toughness were measured. The influence of the carbon content on the sinterability, carbide grain size, morphology, and cermet mechanical properties were elucidated. A lower carbon content resulted in the aggregation of NbC grains and an increased mass transfer rate, resulting in coarser NbC grains. With an increase in carbon content in the system, the carbothermal reduction of surface oxides occurred at lower temperatures, resulting in better sinterability, improved binder distribution and a refined microstructure with superior mechanical properties compared to lower carbon content cermets.

{"title":"Effect of carbon content on the microstructure and properties of NbC-Fe cermets","authors":"Celmo Hudson Reis De Paula , Zahid Anwer , Shuigen Huang , Jef Vleugels , Meysam Mashhadikarimi , Rubens Maribondo do Nascimento","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this work was to correlate the overall carbon content in NbC-Fe starting powders with the resulting microstructure, hardness and fracture toughness of Fe-bonded NbC cermets prepared by conventional liquid phase sintering for 1 h at 1400 °C in vacuum. The microstructure, phase composition and thermal behavior were analysed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry, and the Vickers hardness and Palmqvist fracture toughness were measured. The influence of the carbon content on the sinterability, carbide grain size, morphology, and cermet mechanical properties were elucidated. A lower carbon content resulted in the aggregation of NbC grains and an increased mass transfer rate, resulting in coarser NbC grains. With an increase in carbon content in the system, the carbothermal reduction of surface oxides occurred at lower temperatures, resulting in better sinterability, improved binder distribution and a refined microstructure with superior mechanical properties compared to lower carbon content cermets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 107026"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-temperature wear mechanisms and oxidation properties of MoNbTaWTi refractory high entropy alloy prepared by direct laser deposition

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107025

Juanjuan Li , Chao Wang , Tao Wang , Wenxi Wang , Linjiang Chai , Jun Luo

The MoNbTaWTi refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) has attracted significant attention due to its excellent phase stability at elevated temperatures and enhanced mechanical properties at room temperature. However, its high-temperature wear mechanisms and oxidation behavior are not yet well understood. This study aims to investigate the alloy's mechanical properties at room temperature and its oxidation and wear mechanisms at elevated temperatures. The alloy exhibits a typical columnar grain structure with a {112} 〈1−10〉 texture, achieving a peak stress of 1633 MPa and an elongation of 8 %. High-temperature oxidation tests reveal that at 500 °C and 650 °C, the oxidation kinetics follow a parabolic curve for the first three hours, transitioning to a linear rate thereafter. Wear tests show that the average friction coefficient decreases with increasing temperature, likely due to the formation of an oxide glaze. The specific wear volume initially decreases from 400 °C to 600 °C but increases at 600 °C. Microstructural analysis indicates the formation of spalling and delamination in the oxide glaze at 600 °C, which may be caused by cracks induced by material softening at high temperatures, along with a reduced load-bearing capacity of the oxide glaze due to the increased formation of brittle phases like WO₃. Moreover, the alloy exhibits abrasion wear at room temperature, abrasive and oxide wear at 200 °C, oxide wear at 400 °C, and both oxide and fatigue wear at 600 °C.

{"title":"High-temperature wear mechanisms and oxidation properties of MoNbTaWTi refractory high entropy alloy prepared by direct laser deposition","authors":"Juanjuan Li , Chao Wang , Tao Wang , Wenxi Wang , Linjiang Chai , Jun Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The MoNbTaWTi refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) has attracted significant attention due to its excellent phase stability at elevated temperatures and enhanced mechanical properties at room temperature. However, its high-temperature wear mechanisms and oxidation behavior are not yet well understood. This study aims to investigate the alloy's mechanical properties at room temperature and its oxidation and wear mechanisms at elevated temperatures. The alloy exhibits a typical columnar grain structure with a {112} 〈1−10〉 texture, achieving a peak stress of 1633 MPa and an elongation of 8 %. High-temperature oxidation tests reveal that at 500 °C and 650 °C, the oxidation kinetics follow a parabolic curve for the first three hours, transitioning to a linear rate thereafter. Wear tests show that the average friction coefficient decreases with increasing temperature, likely due to the formation of an oxide glaze. The specific wear volume initially decreases from 400 °C to 600 °C but increases at 600 °C. Microstructural analysis indicates the formation of spalling and delamination in the oxide glaze at 600 °C, which may be caused by cracks induced by material softening at high temperatures, along with a reduced load-bearing capacity of the oxide glaze due to the increased formation of brittle phases like WO<sub>3</sub>. Moreover, the alloy exhibits abrasion wear at room temperature, abrasive and oxide wear at 200 °C, oxide wear at 400 °C, and both oxide and fatigue wear at 600 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 107025"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hysteresis-free reactive DC magnetron sputtered TiZrHfVNbTa-xN coatings: Structure and mechanical properties

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107024

František Lofaj , Petra Hviščová , Tomáš Roch , Vladimír Girman , Margita Kabátová , Jozef Dobrovodský

The study of the structure, composition, and mechanical properties of the reactive DC magnetron sputtering (rDCMS) of compositionally complex TiZrHfVNbTa-xN coatings (x- flow of nitrogen) in a hysteresis-free regime revealed that up to a critical flow, nitrogen concentrations, hardness, and indentation moduli increased approximately linearly and then saturated. The linear part was accompanied by the transition from the bcc toward the fcc structure. The highest hardness of 40 GPa and indentation modulus of 500 GPa were achieved in (near-)stoichiometric TiZrHfVNbTa-xN coatings at x ∼ 5 sccm N₂. These values were 10–15 % higher than those reported in similar nitride coatings produced by rDCMS, arc, and HiTUS. Further increase of nitrogen flow caused degradation of mechanical properties without changes in nitrogen concentrations. The results have been described using a model based on gradual occupancy of the interstitial sites of bcc structure of refractory metals forming an interstitial solid solution at low nitrogen flows followed by a transformation into fcc substitutional solid solution with nitrogen occupying anion sub-lattice at flows above critical flow. The work emphasizes the possibilities of the hysteresis-free DCMS regime in effective control of the structure, stoichiometry, and mechanical properties of the compositionally complex nitride coatings using only nitrogen flow control mode and the potential in widening their property envelope.

{"title":"Hysteresis-free reactive DC magnetron sputtered TiZrHfVNbTa-xN coatings: Structure and mechanical properties","authors":"František Lofaj , Petra Hviščová , Tomáš Roch , Vladimír Girman , Margita Kabátová , Jozef Dobrovodský","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of the structure, composition, and mechanical properties of the reactive DC magnetron sputtering (rDCMS) of compositionally complex TiZrHfVNbTa-<em>x</em>N coatings (<em>x-</em> flow of nitrogen) in a hysteresis-free regime revealed that up to a critical flow, nitrogen concentrations, hardness, and indentation moduli increased approximately linearly and then saturated. The linear part was accompanied by the transition from the bcc toward the fcc structure. The highest hardness of 40 GPa and indentation modulus of 500 GPa were achieved in (near-)stoichiometric TiZrHfVNbTa-<em>x</em>N coatings at <em>x</em> ∼ 5 sccm N<sub>2</sub>. These values were 10–15 % higher than those reported in similar nitride coatings produced by rDCMS, arc, and HiTUS. Further increase of nitrogen flow caused degradation of mechanical properties without changes in nitrogen concentrations. The results have been described using a model based on gradual occupancy of the interstitial sites of bcc structure of refractory metals forming an interstitial solid solution at low nitrogen flows followed by a transformation into fcc substitutional solid solution with nitrogen occupying anion sub-lattice at flows above critical flow. The work emphasizes the possibilities of the hysteresis-free DCMS regime in effective control of the structure, stoichiometry, and mechanical properties of the compositionally complex nitride coatings using only nitrogen flow control mode and the potential in widening their property envelope.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 107024"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finite fatigue life behavior and fatigue crack-growth resistance of a fine-grained WC-Co cemented carbide

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107022

M. Serra , F. García-Marro , N. Cinca , E. Tarrés , E. Jiménez-Piqué , L. Llanes

In this work, fatigue life and fatigue crack growth (FCG) testing, using pristine and pre-cracked samples respectively, are combined for studying the mechanical behavior of a fine-grained WC-Co cemented carbide. The main objective is to correlate fatigue lives measured with estimated and experimentally determined FCG data for natural and long through-thickness cracks respectively. It is done on the basis that fatigue failure, within the finite fatigue life regime, is controlled by the subcritical propagation of pre-existing flaws. In doing so, fatigue strength for the finite life defined as run-out (200,000 cycles) is first evaluated using two protocols based on the stair-case methodology. Then, strength data experimentally measured under monotonic and cyclic loading are correlated to each other for estimating FCG data for intrinsic defects. As a result, the dependence of FCG rates with the maximum applied stress intensity factor estimated for natural small flaws is found to follow trends similar to those experimentally determined for artificial long cracks. However, FCG rates and effective threshold for crack extension for the former are determined to be significantly lower than for the latter. The similitude found by both crack types regarding fatigue and fracture micromechanisms, as discerned from scanning electron microscopy inspection of stable and unstable crack extension phenomena, points out that distinct FCG behavior exhibited by small and long cracks is a consequence of extrinsic issues, such as length-scale of crack size or environmental aspects linked to location of the flaw either in the bulk or at the surface, rather than physically-based intrinsic ones.

{"title":"Finite fatigue life behavior and fatigue crack-growth resistance of a fine-grained WC-Co cemented carbide","authors":"M. Serra , F. García-Marro , N. Cinca , E. Tarrés , E. Jiménez-Piqué , L. Llanes","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, fatigue life and fatigue crack growth (FCG) testing, using pristine and pre-cracked samples respectively, are combined for studying the mechanical behavior of a fine-grained WC-Co cemented carbide. The main objective is to correlate fatigue lives measured with estimated and experimentally determined FCG data for natural and long through-thickness cracks respectively. It is done on the basis that fatigue failure, within the finite fatigue life regime, is controlled by the subcritical propagation of pre-existing flaws. In doing so, fatigue strength for the finite life defined as run-out (200,000 cycles) is first evaluated using two protocols based on the stair-case methodology. Then, strength data experimentally measured under monotonic and cyclic loading are correlated to each other for estimating FCG data for intrinsic defects. As a result, the dependence of FCG rates with the maximum applied stress intensity factor estimated for natural small flaws is found to follow trends similar to those experimentally determined for artificial long cracks. However, FCG rates and effective threshold for crack extension for the former are determined to be significantly lower than for the latter. The similitude found by both crack types regarding fatigue and fracture micromechanisms, as discerned from scanning electron microscopy inspection of stable and unstable crack extension phenomena, points out that distinct FCG behavior exhibited by small and long cracks is a consequence of extrinsic issues, such as length-scale of crack size or environmental aspects linked to location of the flaw either in the bulk or at the surface, rather than physically-based intrinsic ones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 107022"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

NbC-Ni based cermets: Phase diagrams, microstructure and mechanical properties 基于 NbC-Ni 的金属陶瓷：相图、微观结构和机械性能

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2024-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107020

S.G. Huang , C. Liu , B.L. Liu , Z. Anwer , J. Vleugels

The multi-component phase diagrams, microstructure and correlated mechanical properties of recently developed NbC-Ni based cermets are described, allowing to elucidate the correlations between composition, microstructure and mechanical properties, and address some potential applications. The influence of the carbon content, binder content, and secondary carbide additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of NbC-based cermets are presented in detail. The reported materials focus on NbC-Ni matrix grades with 6–20 wt% Ni binder and 4–20 wt% (VC, Mo₂C, WC, TiC, and/or Ti(C_xN_y)) additions densified by liquid phase sintering in vacuum. The results revealed that the NbC grain growth was significantly limited by some combinations of carbide or carbonitride additions, strongly influencing the mechanical properties. The NbC-based cermets offer mechanical properties that would allow them to partially replace WC-Co and Ti(C,N)-Ni in some specific wear resistant applications.

本文描述了最近开发的 NbC-Ni 基金属陶瓷的多组分相图、微观结构和相关机械性能，从而阐明了成分、微观结构和机械性能之间的相关性，并探讨了一些潜在的应用领域。详细介绍了碳含量、粘合剂含量和二次碳化物添加量对 NbC 基金属陶瓷微观结构和机械性能的影响。所报道的材料主要集中在镍粘结剂含量为 6-20 wt%、添加量为 4-20 wt%（VC、Mo2C、WC、TiC 和/或 Ti(CxNy)）的 NbC-Ni 基体牌号上，这些牌号是通过真空液相烧结致密的。结果表明，碳化物或碳氮化物添加物的某些组合极大地限制了 NbC 晶粒的生长，从而严重影响了其机械性能。基于 NbC 的金属陶瓷具有良好的机械性能，可在某些特定的耐磨应用中部分取代 WC-Co 和 Ti（C，N）-Ni。

引用次数: 0

Preparation and properties of porous tungsten by dealloying

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107023

Dong-Guang Liu , Sha-Sha Chang , Sheng-Xiang Cheng , Si-Wei Zhou , Chen-Hao Wu , Chong Ma , Xin-Peng Yang , Chun-Fu Hong , Lai-Ma Luo

Porous tungsten is one of the most promising functional materials that combine the beneficial qualities of porous metal materials and refractory tungsten in a unique way. This overcomes the drawbacks of conventional preparation techniques and produces a porous tungsten matrix with superior pore properties by dealloying a tungsten‑copper composite with good machinability. The uneven distribution of tungsten and copper in traditional melting processes was addressed by creating tungsten‑copper composite powder by spray drying in a wet chemical process and then fabricating the composite by sintering at different temperatures. It demonstrates that the most consistent distribution of tungsten and copper phases is obtained by sintering at 1300 °C, which also prevents phase enrichment by creating a continuous copper network around tungsten particles. Copper is removed from the tungsten‑copper composite through a two-step dealloying process. The pores left by the removal of copper are uniformly and continuously distributed, reflecting the initial uniformity of copper within the composite. Additionally, it indicates that a nitric acid concentration of 40 % to 60 % is optimal for copper removal. The porous tungsten matrix exhibits an optimal pore structure and homogeneous pore size distribution when sintered at temperatures between 1700 °C and 1800 °C.

{"title":"Preparation and properties of porous tungsten by dealloying","authors":"Dong-Guang Liu , Sha-Sha Chang , Sheng-Xiang Cheng , Si-Wei Zhou , Chen-Hao Wu , Chong Ma , Xin-Peng Yang , Chun-Fu Hong , Lai-Ma Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous tungsten is one of the most promising functional materials that combine the beneficial qualities of porous metal materials and refractory tungsten in a unique way. This overcomes the drawbacks of conventional preparation techniques and produces a porous tungsten matrix with superior pore properties by dealloying a tungsten‑copper composite with good machinability. The uneven distribution of tungsten and copper in traditional melting processes was addressed by creating tungsten‑copper composite powder by spray drying in a wet chemical process and then fabricating the composite by sintering at different temperatures. It demonstrates that the most consistent distribution of tungsten and copper phases is obtained by sintering at 1300 °C, which also prevents phase enrichment by creating a continuous copper network around tungsten particles. Copper is removed from the tungsten‑copper composite through a two-step dealloying process. The pores left by the removal of copper are uniformly and continuously distributed, reflecting the initial uniformity of copper within the composite. Additionally, it indicates that a nitric acid concentration of 40 % to 60 % is optimal for copper removal. The porous tungsten matrix exhibits an optimal pore structure and homogeneous pore size distribution when sintered at temperatures between 1700 °C and 1800 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 107023"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing the La2O3 concentration for enhanced thermal and wear resistance of Ti(C,N)-based cermets

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107000

Ali Elgazzar , Sheng-Jian Zhou , Jia-Hu Ouyang , Yun-Zhuo Zhang , Zhan-Guo Liu , Yu-Jin Wang , Lei Chen

Ti(C,N)-based cermets are important materials for cutting tools and wear-resistant applications because of their excellent hardness, and thermal stability. Nevertheless, enhancing their efficiency by improving the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance is still complicated. This work examined how La₂O₃ addition affects the microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and tribological performance of Ti(C,N)-based cermets. Ball milling and vacuum sintering were used to produce the samples containing various La₂O₃ contents. Ball-on-disk wear tests were used to examine the tribological properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets. The incorporation of La₂O₃ improved the microstructure of samples by refining the grain size of hard phase. La₂O₃ enhanced the mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets, achieving a maximum Vicker's hardness of 1640 Kg_f/mm² (L1 cermet with 0.5 wt% La₂O₃) and fracture toughness of 10.0 MPa.m

^{1 / 2}

(L3 cermet with 1.5 wt% La₂O₃). However, the incorporation of excessive La₂O₃ minimizes transverse rupture strength (TRS) from 1495 MPa (T sample) to 900 MPa (L3 cermet). Among these three La₂O₃ contents, Ti(C,N)-based cermet incorporated with 1.0 wt% La₂O₃ (L2 cermet) has the highest wear resistance, with a wear rate of 2.49 × 10

^{- 6}

mm³/(Nm).

{"title":"Optimizing the La2O3 concentration for enhanced thermal and wear resistance of Ti(C,N)-based cermets","authors":"Ali Elgazzar , Sheng-Jian Zhou , Jia-Hu Ouyang , Yun-Zhuo Zhang , Zhan-Guo Liu , Yu-Jin Wang , Lei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ti(C,N)-based cermets are important materials for cutting tools and wear-resistant applications because of their excellent hardness, and thermal stability. Nevertheless, enhancing their efficiency by improving the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance is still complicated. This work examined how La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> addition affects the microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and tribological performance of Ti(C,N)-based cermets. Ball milling and vacuum sintering were used to produce the samples containing various La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> contents. Ball-on-disk wear tests were used to examine the tribological properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets. The incorporation of La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> improved the microstructure of samples by refining the grain size of hard phase. La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> enhanced the mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets, achieving a maximum Vicker's hardness of 1640 Kg<sub><em>f</em></sub>/mm<sup>2</sup> (L1 cermet with 0.5 wt% La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and fracture toughness of 10.0 MPa.m<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> (L3 cermet with 1.5 wt% La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>). However, the incorporation of excessive La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> minimizes transverse rupture strength (TRS) from 1495 MPa (T sample) to 900 MPa (L3 cermet). Among these three La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> contents, Ti(C,N)-based cermet incorporated with 1.0 wt% La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (L2 cermet) has the highest wear resistance, with a wear rate of 2.49 × 10<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> mm<sup>3</sup>/(Nm).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 107000"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

首页上一页

类型

全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

﹀