International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials最新文献_第9页

WO3/TiO2 composite coatings on titanium: A comprehensive review of fabrication strategies and structure/property/performance correlations in visible-light photocatalysis 二氧化钛上的WO3/TiO2复合涂层：制备策略和可见光催化结构/性能/性能相关性的综合综述

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107630

Haniye Salimi , Arash Fattah-alhosseini , Kazem Babaei , Burak Dikici , Mosab Kaseem

Visible-light-driven photocatalysis continues to face major limitations due to insufficient light absorption and rapid charge recombination in conventional TiO₂-based systems. Integrating WO₃ with TiO₂ has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these constraints by enhancing visible-light responsiveness and improving charge carrier dynamics. Accordingly, this review addresses the central research question: How do different fabrication routes of WO₃/TiO₂ composite coatings influence their structural features and, consequently, their photocatalytic performance under visible light? The review critically surveys recent studies on the manufacture of WO₃/TiO₂ composite coatings, with a special focus on how different preparation processes such as sol–gel, anodizing, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), and hybrid routes affect their structures, optical properties, and photocatalytic activities. The formation of effective WO₃/TiO₂ heterojunctions improves carrier separation and extends light absorption, leading to significant degradation of organic pollutants or enhanced water-splitting performance. Particular attention is given to the role of morphological parameters, such as porosity, surface area, crystalline phase composition, and nanoparticle dispersion, in dictating photocatalytic activity. A comparative summary of structure–property–performance correlations is provided through examination of a broad range of experimental studies. It outlines the challenges that now exist in optimizing WO₃/TiO₂ systems in real-world environmental and energy applications. The findings presented here form the basis for rationalizing next-generation visible-light-responsive photocatalysts.

可见光驱动的光催化仍然面临着主要的限制，因为传统的tio2基系统光吸收不足和快速电荷重组。通过增强可见光响应性和改善载流子动力学，将WO3与TiO2集成成为克服这些限制的一种有希望的策略。因此，本综述解决了研究的核心问题：WO3/TiO2复合涂层的不同制备路线如何影响其结构特征，从而影响其在可见光下的光催化性能？本文综述了WO3/TiO2复合涂层的最新研究进展，重点介绍了溶胶-凝胶、阳极氧化、等离子体电解氧化（PEO）和杂化等不同制备工艺对其结构、光学性能和光催化活性的影响。有效的WO3/TiO2异质结的形成改善了载流子分离，扩大了光吸收，从而显著降解有机污染物或增强了水分解性能。特别注意形态参数的作用，如孔隙率，表面积，晶相组成，和纳米颗粒分散，在决定光催化活性。通过对广泛的实验研究的考察，提供了结构-性能-性能相关性的比较总结。它概述了在现实环境和能源应用中优化WO3/TiO2体系目前存在的挑战。本文提出的研究结果为下一代可见光响应光催化剂的合理化奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of chromium addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the W-Ni-Fe alloy 添加铬对W-Ni-Fe合金组织和力学性能的影响

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107629

S. Aliakbari-Sani , H. vafaeenezhad , H. Najafi , K. Zavichi-Tork

Tungsten heavy alloys are unique composites consisting of tungsten grains in a matrix, produced only by powder metallurgy technique. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding Cr element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of W-Ni-Fe tungsten heavy alloys, therefore two WHA and WHA-Cr alloys were designed and manufactured using the same liquid phase sintering process. The microstructural results showed that in the WHA sample, only α‑tungsten grains and γ-matrix phase were present, whereas in the WHA-Cr alloy, the chromium-rich sigma (σ) phase was also formed along with the α- and γ-phases. Furthermore, thermodynamic studies using JMatPro software showed that the potential formation of the sigma phase and decline in the liquid phase led to the retardation of sintering phenomena in the WHA-Cr alloy. The addition of chromium had undesirable effects, such as increased porosity, decreased density (17.31 g/cm³ in WHA and 16.38 g/cm³ in WHA-Cr), and increased contiguity number of W-W interfaces (from 0.21 in WHA to 0.47 in WHA-Cr). Moreover, the results showed that the hardness of the WHA was (30 HRC) lower than that of WHA-Cr (48 HRC); whereas the tensile properties of WHA (YS = 674 MPa, UTS = 942 MPa, El% = 14.5) were better than those of the WHA-Cr alloy (YS = 423 MPa, UTS = 502 MPa, El% = 3.8). These properties were attributed to the addition of chromium by two factors: (1) the formation of σ-phase, a very hard phase with an 850 HV. value, and (2) a high contiguity number, which was briefly discussed. Finally, it should be noted that although WHA-Cr alloys are undesirable for conventional applications owing to their lower overall properties, their production with least defect and high density can be suitable for some special applications with higher hardness such as wear and erosion conditions.

重钨合金是一种独特的复合材料，由钨晶粒在基体中组成，仅通过粉末冶金技术生产。为了研究添加Cr元素对W-Ni-Fe钨重合金组织和力学性能的影响，采用相同的液相烧结工艺设计并制备了WHA和WHA-Cr合金。显微组织结果表明，在WHA试样中只存在α-钨晶和γ-基体相，而在WHA- cr合金中，除了α-相和γ-相外，还形成了富铬的σ相。此外，利用JMatPro软件进行热力学研究表明，sigma相的潜在形成和液相的下降导致了WHA-Cr合金烧结现象的延迟。铬的加入会增加孔隙度，降低密度（WHA为17.31 g/cm3， WHA- cr为16.38 g/cm3），增加W-W界面的邻接数（WHA为0.21，WHA- cr为0.47）。结果表明，WHA的硬度（30 HRC）低于WHA- cr的硬度（48 HRC）；而WHA合金（YS = 674 MPa, UTS = 942 MPa, El% = 14.5）的拉伸性能优于WHA- cr合金（YS = 423 MPa, UTS = 502 MPa, El% = 3.8）。这些性能是由于铬的加入造成的：(1)形成了一种850 HV的极硬相σ-相。值，(2)为高邻接数，对此进行了简要讨论。最后，值得注意的是，尽管由于其整体性能较低，WHA-Cr合金不适合常规应用，但其生产的缺陷最少，密度高，可以适用于一些具有较高硬度的特殊应用，如磨损和侵蚀条件。

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引用次数: 0

Structure, mechanical properties, and oxidation behaviour of refractory (NbTiZr)100-xSix complex concentrated alloys 难熔（NbTiZr）100- x6复合浓缩合金的结构、力学性能和氧化行为

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107628

E. Mishunina , V. Mirontsov , N. Stepanov , G. Salishchev , N. Yurchenko

This study investigated the effect of Si additions (0–35 at.%) on the phase structure, mechanical properties, and oxidation behaviour of a refractory NbTiZr complex concentrated alloy (RCCA). Si promoted the formation of silicide phases (M₅Si₃-type), transforming the microstructure from a single-phase body-centered cubic (bcc) structure to hypoeutectic bcc + eutectic bcc/M₅Si₃ and further to a hypereutectic M₅Si₃ + eutectic M₅Si₃/bcc mixture. Si significantly enhanced yield strength across a wide temperature range (22–1000 °C), but at the expense of room-temperature compressive plasticity and fracture toughness, which decreased as the volume fraction of silicides increased. Oxidation resistance at 1000 °C was substantially improved with increasing Si content, reducing mass gain and shifting oxidation kinetics towards more protective regimes. This study highlighted the potential of strategic Si alloying to tailor the properties of NbTiZr-based RCCAs for high-temperature applications.

本研究考察了Si添加量（0-35 at）的影响。%)对难熔NbTiZr络合浓缩合金（RCCA）的相结构、力学性能和氧化行为进行了研究。Si促进了硅化物相（M5Si3型）的形成，使微观结构从单相体心立方（bcc）结构转变为亚共晶bcc + 共晶bcc/M5Si3，进而转变为过共晶M5Si3 + 共晶M5Si3/bcc混合物。在22-1000 °C的宽温度范围内，Si显著提高了屈服强度，但以牺牲室温压缩塑性和断裂韧性为代价，随着硅化物体积分数的增加，这两项性能都降低了。在1000 °C时，随着Si含量的增加、质量增益的减少和氧化动力学向更保护的方向转移，抗氧化性得到了显著提高。这项研究强调了战略硅合金的潜力，以定制高温应用的nbtizr基RCCAs的性能。

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引用次数: 0

The influence of the interface bonding strength of the second phase on the mechanical properties of the molybdenum alloy 第二相界面结合强度对钼合金力学性能的影响

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107625

Xiangwei Zhu , Liujie Xu , Chaopeng Cui , Mengjie Wu , Qinzhuang Liu , Haowei Wang

The interface formation energies and differential charge densities of Al₂O₃, La₂O₃ and ZrO₂ were compared. The strengthening effects of three oxides on molybdenum were analyzed. The interfacial energies of Mo/Al₂O₃, Mo/La₂O₃ and Mo/ZrO₂ are all negative, indicating that the formation of the three groups of interfaces is a spontaneous thermodynamic process. Among them, the Mo/ZrO₂ interface is the easiest to form and the more stable the formed interface is. The differential charge density results of Mo/Al₂O₃, Mo/La₂O₃ and Mo/ZrO₂ show that Mo loses the most electrons in the Mo/ZrO₂ interface. Therefore, the interface interaction of Mo/ZrO₂ is the strongest in the Mo/Al₂O₃, Mo/La₂O₃ and Mo/ZrO₂ interfaces. The reduction process of molybdenum alloy powder follows the chemical vapor deposition process of the powder. Eventually, a situation is formed where the additives are distributed both within and between the grains. The additives are partially distributed within the grains and partially at the grain boundaries, simultaneously playing the roles of second-phase strengthening and fine grain strengthening. When the additives are completely distributed at the grain boundaries and only fine grain strengthening occurs, the strengthening effect on the material is the smallest. The higher the content of additives within the grains, the higher the yield strength of the material.

比较了Al2O3、La2O3和ZrO2的界面形成能和差电荷密度。分析了三种氧化物对钼的强化作用。Mo/Al2O3、Mo/La2O3和Mo/ZrO2的界面能均为负，表明这三组界面的形成是一个自发的热力学过程。其中Mo/ZrO2界面最容易形成，形成的界面越稳定。Mo/Al2O3、Mo/La2O3和Mo/ZrO2的电荷密度差结果表明，Mo在Mo/ZrO2界面中损失的电子最多。因此，Mo/ZrO2的界面相互作用在Mo/Al2O3、Mo/La2O3和Mo/ZrO2界面中最强。钼合金粉末的还原过程遵循粉末的化学气相沉积过程。最终形成的情况是，添加剂既分布在颗粒内部，也分布在颗粒之间。添加剂部分分布在晶粒内，部分分布在晶界处，同时起到第二相强化和细晶强化的作用。当添加剂完全分布在晶界且只发生细晶强化时，对材料的强化效果最小。晶粒内添加剂含量越高，材料的屈服强度越高。

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引用次数: 0

Complex strengthening mechanisms in the Nb0.8Mo0.8Ta0.8W0.32C0.2-Zrx multiphase refractory high-entropy alloy Nb0.8Mo0.8Ta0.8W0.32C0.2-Zrx多相难熔高熵合金的复合强化机制

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107627

Chenran Xu , Lingwei Yang , Liyang Fang , Yifang Ouyang , Xiaoma Tao

Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs), particularly NbMoTaW-based systems, show exceptional potential for high-temperature applications but are limited by poor room-temperature ductility. This study presents a novel approach to simultaneously enhance room-temperature ductility while maintaining high-temperature strength through the co-introduction of high-entropy carbide ceramics and a ductile phase into the BCC matrix. We developed a Nb_0.8Mo_0.8Ta_0.8W_0.32C_0.2-Zr_x alloy system that exhibits a complex strengthening mechanism driven primarily by phase transformation strengthening, with additional contributions from solid-solution strengthening, grain-boundary strengthening, and precipitation strengthening. The alloy maintains a BCC + FCC + HCP tri-phase structure both before and after heat treatment. After annealing at 1500 °C for 24 h, nanoprecipitates (50–200 nm) form within the FCC and HCP phases, enriched in Nb, Mo, Ta, and W. The optimized AC0.9 composition demonstrates exceptional mechanical properties: 2351 MPa compressive strength with 15 % fracture elongation at room temperature, while maintaining 921 MPa strength at 1000 °C with 15 % plasticity. These results confirm that multiphase coupling, compositional tuning, and heat treatment optimization synergistically improve RHEA performance, offering a promising pathway for developing advanced materials for extreme environment applications.

耐火高熵合金（RHEAs），特别是基于nbmotaw的系统，在高温应用中表现出非凡的潜力，但受到室温延展性差的限制。本研究提出了一种通过在BCC基体中共同引入高熵碳化物陶瓷和延性相来同时提高室温延展性和保持高温强度的新方法。制备的Nb0.8Mo0.8Ta0.8W0.32C0.2-Zrx合金体系具有相变强化为主、固溶强化、晶界强化和析出强化共同作用的复杂强化机制。合金在热处理前后均保持BCC + FCC + HCP三相组织。在1500 °C退火24 h后，在FCC和HCP相中形成纳米沉淀（50-200 nm），富含Nb、Mo、Ta和w。优化后的AC0.9组分表现出优异的力学性能：室温下抗压强度为2351 MPa，断裂伸长率为15 %，在1000 °C时强度为921 MPa，塑性为15 %。这些结果证实，多相耦合、成分调谐和热处理优化协同提高了RHEA的性能，为开发用于极端环境的先进材料提供了一条有希望的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Degradation of the friction performance of SiC/Si3N4 with ultra-low friction coefficient in water-glycol hydraulic fluid under seawater intrusion 海水入侵下超低摩擦系数SiC/Si3N4在水-乙二醇液压液中的摩擦性能退化

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107626

Runzhou Xu, Yinshui Liu, Xianchun Jiang, Zhenyao Wang

Water-glycol hydraulic fluid (HFC), mainly composed of polar molecules, can be miscible with any proportion of seawater, thereby reducing the risk of seawater intrusion caused by seal failure in deep-sea hydraulic systems. Meanwhile, HFC has the potential to be applied in deep-sea hydraulic systems owing to its flame retardancy and environmental performance. This paper proposes SiC/Si₃N₄ as the material for the plunger chamber/plunger of hydraulic pumps with HFC. The friction characteristics of SiC/Si₃N₄ in HFC with a kinematic viscosity of 32cSt containing four different concentrations (0 %, 3 %, 7 %, 11 % V/V) of seawater and deionized water were studied. SiC/Si₃N₄ has a low friction coefficient of 0.006 in HFC, and there is almost no surface wear after 6 h of testing. The excellent friction performance is attributed to the hydrophilic surface of ceramics adsorbing HFC to form a lubricating layer. However, the decrease in viscosity leads to a reduction in the load-bearing capacity of the lubricating layer formed by HFC, resulting in increased wear. The friction coefficient first increased and then decreased with the increase in seawater content. The adsorption of cations in seawater on the surface of Si₃N₄ reduces its hydrophilicity, thereby reducing the performance of the HFC lubricating layer. The byproduct formed by ions in seawater deposited on the surface of Si₃N₄ acts as a solid lubricant during direct contact with the contact surface.

水-乙二醇液压油（HFC）主要由极性分子组成，可以与任何比例的海水混溶，从而降低了深海液压系统密封失效导致海水侵入的风险。同时，由于HFC具有阻燃性和环保性能，在深海液压系统中具有应用潜力。本文提出用SiC/Si3N4作为HFC液压泵柱塞腔/柱塞的材料。研究了SiC/Si3N4在运动粘度为32cSt的含海水和去离子水4种不同浓度（0%、3%、7%、11% V/V）的HFC中的摩擦特性。SiC/Si3N4在HFC中的摩擦系数很低，为0.006，测试6 h后几乎没有表面磨损。优异的摩擦性能是由于陶瓷的亲水表面吸附HFC形成润滑层。然而，粘度的降低导致HFC形成的润滑层的承载能力降低，导致磨损增加。摩擦系数随海水含量的增加先增大后减小。海水中阳离子在Si3N4表面的吸附降低了其亲水性，从而降低了HFC润滑层的性能。海水中离子沉积在氮化硅表面形成的副产物在与接触面直接接触时起到固体润滑剂的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation on the milling performance and mechanisms of tungsten-based alloys under ice-freezing conditions: Cutting force modeling, surface integrity & tool wear 冰冻结条件下钨基合金铣削性能及机理研究：切削力建模、表面完整性和刀具磨损

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107623

Yipu Bian, Gang Jin, Zhanjie Li, Xiaofan Deng, Xin Zhang, Chong Li, Shaokun Luo

To address the challenges of poor surface quality and severe tool wear in the high-precision, high-quality machining of hard-to-cut tungsten-based materials, this investigation systematically investigates the machining performance and underlying mechanisms of pure tungsten, tungsten–copper alloy, and tungsten–molybdenum alloy under Ice-freezing conditions. The objective is to explore a novel and efficient low-temperature assisted machining approach. First, a cutting force prediction model was developed by incorporating the coupled effects of the ice-induced low-temperature environment and cutting force coefficients, providing a theoretical foundation for evaluating cutting loads under Ice-freezing conditions. Subsequently, by comparing room temperature and Ice-freezing conditions, the investigation thoroughly analyzed the influence of low temperature on the surface integrity and tool wear behavior of different tungsten-based materials. Experimental results show that Ice-freezing machining significantly improves surface quality, reduces defects and burr formation, and lowers surface roughness. The ice layer, through phase-change-induced heat absorption, stabilizes cutting temperature and mitigates tool oxidation and thermal softening, thereby substantially suppressing tool wear. Low-temperature mechanical tests further reveal that the Ice-freezing environment reduces material plasticity, effectively restraining plastic flow and localized deformation—an essential mechanism for improving machining quality. The Ice-freezing method, by establishing a flexible constraint system and regulating material deformation behavior, offers a new technological route for achieving efficient, high-quality, and low-damage machining of tungsten-based difficult-to-machine materials, with promising engineering application potential.

为了解决难以切削的钨基材料在高精度、高质量加工中存在的表面质量差和刀具磨损严重的问题，本研究系统地研究了纯钨、钨铜合金和钨钼合金在冰冻结条件下的加工性能及其机理。目的是探索一种新颖高效的低温辅助加工方法。首先，建立了考虑冰致低温环境与切削力系数耦合效应的切削力预测模型，为评估结冰条件下的切削载荷提供了理论基础。随后，通过对比室温和冰冻条件，深入分析了低温对不同钨基材料表面完整性和刀具磨损行为的影响。实验结果表明，冷冻加工能显著改善表面质量，减少缺陷和毛刺的形成，降低表面粗糙度。冰层通过相变引起的吸热，稳定了切削温度，减轻了刀具氧化和热软化，从而大大抑制了刀具磨损。低温力学试验进一步表明，冰冻环境降低了材料塑性，有效地抑制了塑性流动和局部变形，这是提高加工质量的重要机制。冰冻结法通过建立柔性约束系统，调节材料变形行为，为实现钨基难加工材料的高效、高质量、低损伤加工提供了新的技术途径，具有良好的工程应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Insight into three-dimensional twinning mechanisms in BCC tungsten under [100] tension/compression: Molecular dynamics simulation [100]张力/压缩作用下BCC钨的三维孪晶机制：分子动力学模拟

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107621

Yuanfang Lu , Zexuan Wang , Hongxian Xie

The three-dimensional twinning mechanisms of body-centered cubic tungsten with preexisting dislocations are investigated under uniaxial tension and compression along the [100] direction using molecular dynamics simulations. The results demonstrate a tension-compression asymmetry in the three-dimensional twinning mechanism. When tension is applied along the [100] direction, twin growth follows two crystallographic paths: an FCC related path along the

(\bar{1} \bar{1} 0)

direction, and a layer-by-layer path along the

(\bar{1} 12)

direction. In contrast, under compression, twins propagate through alternative paths: an HCP related path along the

(\bar{1} \bar{1} 0)

direction, and a two-layer-by-two-layer path along the

(\bar{1} 12)

direction. Moreover, the results reveal that the 3D twin growth is also observed under high strain rates or low temperatures when the stress along the loading direction exceed the critical value. Notably, further analysis shows that the transformation-assisted twinning paths along the

(\bar{1} \bar{1} 0)

direction and the shear paths along the

(\bar{1} 12)

direction represent different manifestations of three-dimensional twinning mechanism. Finally, these results are discussed and well explained in terms of the twin equation.

采用分子动力学模拟方法，研究了具有位错的体心立方钨在沿[100]方向的单轴拉伸和压缩条件下的三维孪晶机制。结果表明三维孪晶机制存在拉压不对称性。当沿[100]方向施加张力时，孪晶生长遵循两条晶体学路径：沿1¯1¯0方向的FCC相关路径，以及沿1¯12方向的逐层路径。相反，在压缩下，双胞胎通过可选路径传播：沿着1¯1¯0方向的HCP相关路径，以及沿着1¯12方向的两层乘两层路径。在高应变速率和低温条件下，当沿加载方向的应力超过临界值时，还可以观察到三维孪晶生长。值得注意的是，进一步分析表明，沿1¯1¯0方向的变形辅助孪晶路径和沿1¯12方向的剪切路径代表了三维孪晶机制的不同表现。最后，对这些结果进行了讨论，并用双胞胎方程进行了很好的解释。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of the hot-wire laser irradiation method and a Ni-based alloy middle layer on mechanical properties and microstructure in additive manufacturing of WC–Co cemented carbide 热线激光辐照方法和ni基合金中间层对WC-Co硬质合金增材制造力学性能和显微组织的影响

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107624

Keita Marumoto , Takashi Abe , Keigo Nagamori , Hiroshi Ichikawa , Akio Nishiyama , Motomichi Yamamoto

In fabrication of WC–Co cemented carbide, the mechanical properties of the fabricated object deteriorate in the presence of porosity defects and W₂C, which is generated by WC decomposition. To fabricate cemented carbide objects without such defects, this study investigated additive manufacturing using the hot-wire laser method with sintered rod-shaped cemented carbide (WC–16 %Co). To evaluate the effect of the laser beam irradiation method on the fabricated cemented carbide, two fabrication methods were carried out: one in which the rod leads the direction of fabrication (the laser directly irradiates the top of the cemented carbide rod), and one in which the laser leads the direction of fabrication (the laser irradiates between the bottom of the cemented carbide rod and the base material). With the rod leading, WC decomposition was observed in the upper part of the object, where the laser directly irradiated, and many defects were observed. However, with the laser leading, the WC decomposition was suppressed, but the base material element Fe invaded the fabricated structure, causing a decrease in hardness. Fabricating a middle layer consisting of a Ni-based alloy to suppress the influence of the base material achieved a WC–Co cemented carbide object with a sufficient hardness of over 1400 HV without WC decomposition or any defects.

在WC - co硬质合金的制备过程中，由于WC分解产生的W2C和气孔缺陷的存在，使制备物的力学性能下降。为了制造没有这些缺陷的硬质合金物体，本研究使用热线激光方法研究了烧结棒状硬质合金（wc - 16% Co）的增材制造。为了评价激光束辐照方法对所制备的硬质合金的影响，采用了两种制备方法：一种是棒材引导制备方向（激光直接照射硬质合金棒材顶部），另一种是激光引导制备方向（激光照射在硬质合金棒材底部与基材之间）。在棒的引导下，在激光直接照射的物体上部观察到WC的分解，并观察到许多缺陷。然而，在激光引导下，WC的分解被抑制，但基材元素Fe侵入到加工组织中，导致硬度下降。通过制备由ni基合金组成的中间层来抑制基材的影响，获得了硬度超过1400 HV的WC - co硬质合金物体，没有WC分解，也没有任何缺陷。

{"title":"Effect of the hot-wire laser irradiation method and a Ni-based alloy middle layer on mechanical properties and microstructure in additive manufacturing of WC–Co cemented carbide","authors":"Keita Marumoto , Takashi Abe , Keigo Nagamori , Hiroshi Ichikawa , Akio Nishiyama , Motomichi Yamamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In fabrication of WC–Co cemented carbide, the mechanical properties of the fabricated object deteriorate in the presence of porosity defects and W<sub>2</sub>C, which is generated by WC decomposition. To fabricate cemented carbide objects without such defects, this study investigated additive manufacturing using the hot-wire laser method with sintered rod-shaped cemented carbide (WC–16 %Co). To evaluate the effect of the laser beam irradiation method on the fabricated cemented carbide, two fabrication methods were carried out: one in which the rod leads the direction of fabrication (the laser directly irradiates the top of the cemented carbide rod), and one in which the laser leads the direction of fabrication (the laser irradiates between the bottom of the cemented carbide rod and the base material). With the rod leading, WC decomposition was observed in the upper part of the object, where the laser directly irradiated, and many defects were observed. However, with the laser leading, the WC decomposition was suppressed, but the base material element Fe invaded the fabricated structure, causing a decrease in hardness. Fabricating a middle layer consisting of a Ni-based alloy to suppress the influence of the base material achieved a WC–Co cemented carbide object with a sufficient hardness of over 1400 HV without WC decomposition or any defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107624"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microstructure and tribological properties of AlCrWSiN duplex coatings: Effect of composition regulation AlCrWSiN双相涂层的组织与摩擦学性能：成分调控的影响

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107622

Kaiqiang Qi , Lin Zhang , Kunlun Wang , Zaibao Ge , Jicheng Ding , Jun Zheng

The AlCrWSiN duplex coatings were fabricated on H13 mold steel via a hybrid technique of plasma nitriding and arc ion plating using a high-throughput preparation strategy. The influence of Si content on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior of the AlCrWSiN duplex coatings was systematically investigated. The results indicate that the coating composition is successfully regulated by varying the substrate position, achieving the Si content in the range of 0.54–3.64 at.%. All coatings exhibit a face-centered cubic Cr(Al,W)N solid-solution structure and demonstrate excellent adhesion. With increasing Si content, the average grain size refines from 12.6 nm to 8.1 nm, while the hardness increases from 26.8 GPa to 32.1 GPa, accompanied by a simultaneous enhancement in elastic modulus. The maximum hardness and modulus are achieved at a Si content of 3.64 at.%, indicating improved toughness and resistance to plastic deformation. Although the room-temperature friction coefficient remains stable around 0.6 regardless of Si content, the wear rate decreases from 10.6 × 10⁻⁷ mm³·N⁻¹·m⁻¹ to 4.9 × 10⁻⁷ mm³·N⁻¹·m⁻¹. At 600 °C, higher W content reduces the friction coefficient, whereas increased Si content significantly improves wear resistance. The dominant wear mechanism evolves from adhesive-abrasive wear at room temperature to oxidative-adhesive wear at high temperature.

采用等离子体渗氮和电弧离子复合镀技术，在H13模型钢表面制备了AlCrWSiN双相涂层。系统研究了Si含量对AlCrWSiN双相涂层显微组织、力学性能和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明，通过改变衬底位置，可以成功地调节涂层成分，使Si含量在0.54 ~ 3.64 at.%之间。所有涂层均呈现面心立方Cr(Al，W)N固溶结构，具有良好的附着力。随着Si含量的增加，合金的平均晶粒尺寸从12.6 nm细化到8.1 nm，硬度从26.8 GPa提高到32.1 GPa，弹性模量也随之提高。当Si含量为3.64 at时，硬度和模量达到最大。%，表明提高韧性和抗塑性变形。尽管无论Si含量如何，室温摩擦系数都稳定在0.6左右，但磨损率从10.6 × 10−7 mm3·N−1·m−1下降到4.9 × 10−7 mm3·N−1·m−1。在600℃时，较高的W含量降低了摩擦系数，而增加的Si含量显著提高了耐磨性。主要的磨损机制由室温黏着磨料磨损演变为高温氧化黏着磨损。

{"title":"Microstructure and tribological properties of AlCrWSiN duplex coatings: Effect of composition regulation","authors":"Kaiqiang Qi , Lin Zhang , Kunlun Wang , Zaibao Ge , Jicheng Ding , Jun Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The AlCrWSiN duplex coatings were fabricated on H13 mold steel via a hybrid technique of plasma nitriding and arc ion plating using a high-throughput preparation strategy. The influence of Si content on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior of the AlCrWSiN duplex coatings was systematically investigated. The results indicate that the coating composition is successfully regulated by varying the substrate position, achieving the Si content in the range of 0.54–3.64 at.%. All coatings exhibit a face-centered cubic Cr(<em>Al</em>,<em>W</em>)N solid-solution structure and demonstrate excellent adhesion. With increasing Si content, the average grain size refines from 12.6 nm to 8.1 nm, while the hardness increases from 26.8 GPa to 32.1 GPa, accompanied by a simultaneous enhancement in elastic modulus. The maximum hardness and modulus are achieved at a Si content of 3.64 at.%, indicating improved toughness and resistance to plastic deformation. Although the room-temperature friction coefficient remains stable around 0.6 regardless of Si content, the wear rate decreases from 10.6 × 10<sup>−7</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>·N<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−1</sup> to 4.9 × 10<sup>−7</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>·N<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−1</sup>. At 600 °C, higher W content reduces the friction coefficient, whereas increased Si content significantly improves wear resistance. The dominant wear mechanism evolves from adhesive-abrasive wear at room temperature to oxidative-adhesive wear at high temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107622"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0