International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials最新文献_第4页

Integrated process optimization of binder jetting for high-performance M2 high-speed steel: Printing parameters, bimodal powder design, and sintering strategies 高性能M2高速钢粘结剂喷射综合工艺优化：打印参数、双峰粉末设计和烧结策略

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107690

Ziyang Zhang , Liang Zhang , Zhou Fan , Rongtao Zhu , Chuang Li , Hawke Suen , Xinglin He , Xia Luo

This paper reports the first systematic study on the optimization of key process parameters for binder jet additive manufacturing of M2 high-speed steel and their influence on the properties of green bodies and sintered parts. Through systematical optimization of the curing time, ultrasonic vibration time, screen size, layer thickness, and reference voltage, the relative density, dimensional accuracy, and compressive strength of the green bodies were significantly improved. Based on the powder packing theory, the coarse-to-fine volume ratio of bimodal powder was optimized to 8: 1, thereby achieving a high packing density of 4.378 g/cm³. During the sintering process, the effects of temperature and holding time on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that after sintering at 1290 °C for 60 min, the samples achieved a relative density exceeding 95.7%, with compressive strength reaching 2762 MPa, the compressive strain measuring 26%, the hardness registering 628 HV, and the surface roughness (Rz) as low as 0.067 mm. Microstructural analysis revealed that the sintered microstructure consisted primarily of an α-Fe matrix, irregular MC carbides, and fishbone-like or network-structured M₆C carbides. Increasing sintering temperature and time induces three key changes: First, grain-boundary M₆C carbides coarsen and become inhomogeneous; second, grains undergo significant growth; third, secondary phases (e.g., retained austenite) persist, whose stability is governed by liquid-phase behavior and carbide reprecipitation. This study provides critical theoretical and technological insights for the high-precision and high-performance fabrication of M2 high-speed steel via binder jetting additive manufacturing.

本文首次系统研究了M2高速钢粘结剂喷射增材制造关键工艺参数的优化及其对坯体和烧结件性能的影响。通过对固化时间、超声振动时间、筛分尺寸、层厚、参考电压等进行系统优化，显著提高了坯体的相对密度、尺寸精度和抗压强度。根据粉体充填理论，将双峰粉体的粗细体积比优化为8:1，实现了4.378 g/cm3的高充填密度。在烧结过程中，系统地研究了温度和保温时间对微观组织演变和力学性能的影响。结果表明：经1290℃烧结60 min后，试样的相对密度超过95.7%，抗压强度达到2762 MPa，压应变为26%，硬度为628 HV，表面粗糙度（Rz）低至0.067 mm。显微组织分析表明，烧结组织主要由α-Fe基体、不规则的MC碳化物和鱼骨状或网状的M₆碳化物组成。随着烧结温度和时间的增加，有三个关键的变化：一是晶界M₆碳化物变粗，变得不均匀；二是粮食生长显著；第三，二次相（如残余奥氏体）持续存在，其稳定性由液相行为和碳化物再析出决定。本研究为利用粘结剂喷射增材制造技术实现M2高速钢的高精度和高性能制造提供了重要的理论和技术见解。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of ZrB2, Y2O3, and/or graphene nanoplatelet incorporation on densification, microstructural evolution, and compressive deformation of W-0.7Ni-0.3Fe alloys ZrB2、Y2O3和/或石墨烯纳米板掺入对W-0.7Ni-0.3Fe合金致密化、显微组织演化和压缩变形的影响

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107694

Deepak Adhikari , Suvam Sarthak Tripathy , Suresh Chandra Adhikari , Ashirbad Nayak , Alok Kumar Prusty , Tapas Kumar Sahoo , Mayadhar Debata , Pradyut Sengupta

In recent times, dispersion strengthening has been given prime importance by researchers to modify the microstructure and enhance the mechanical properties of tungsten alloys for their applications in strategic sectors. The present study focuses on the incorporation of Y₂O₃, ZrB₂, and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) in W-0.7Ni-0.3Fe alloys to improve their overall characteristics. To achieve the same, the selected alloy compositions were blended, compacted, and then sintered at 1500 °C for 75 min in H₂ atmosphere. It was observed that the addition of nano Y₂O₃ and GNP increases the sintered density of the WHAs. FESEM and EPMA analysis exhibit the uniform distribution of dispersoids in WHAs. It was noticed that the maximum compressive strength of 1985.6 MPa was obtained in 1 wt% Y₂O₃ incorporated W-0.7Ni-0.3Fe alloy, followed by Y₂O₃ + GNP, base alloy, GNP, and ZrB₂ incorporated alloys. The maximum bulk hardness of ∼347 HV was obtained in the Y₂O₃ + GNP incorporated WHAs. Overall, the combined incorporation of Y₂O₃ and GNP was effective in improving the densification, microstructure and mechanical properties of sintered W-based systems.

近年来，为了改善钨合金的显微组织，提高其力学性能，弥散强化已成为钨合金在战略领域应用的重要手段。本研究的重点是在W-0.7Ni-0.3Fe合金中掺入Y2O3、ZrB2和石墨烯纳米板（GNP），以改善其整体性能。为了达到这一目的，将选定的合金成分混合、压实，然后在1500℃的H2气氛中烧结75 min。结果表明，纳米Y2O3和GNP的加入提高了合金的烧结密度。FESEM和EPMA分析表明，弥散体分布均匀。结果表明，Y2O3含量为1 wt%的W-0.7Ni-0.3Fe合金抗压强度最大，达到1985.6 MPa，其次是Y2O3 + GNP、基体合金、GNP和ZrB2合金。Y2O3 + GNP掺入的WHAs的最大体硬度为~ 347 HV。总体而言，掺加Y2O3和GNP可有效改善烧结w基体系的致密化、显微组织和力学性能。

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引用次数: 0

Friction and wear behavior of NiCu-diamond composites fabricated by defect-controlled powder bed fusion (PBF) process 缺陷控制粉末床熔合制备nicu -金刚石复合材料的摩擦磨损行为

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107691

Ruochong Wang , Yunan Fan , Zihan Yang , Weiwei He , Li Wang , Bin Liu , Yang Lu , Yong Liu

The influences of printing process on metallurgical quality and wear resistance of NiCu-diamond composites were quantitatively analyzed. The NiCu-diamond composite with low porosity (∼1.6 vol%) and low loss of diamond particles (only 0.5 vol%) was successfully fabricated, at an electron beam current of 2.4 mA, and a scanning rate of 1 m·s⁻¹. The wear rate of the NiCu-diamond composite was as low as 5.0 × 10⁻⁷ mm³·N⁻¹·m⁻¹, and coefficients of friction (COFs) within 0.02–0.05. These values represent a substantial reduction compared to the corresponding values of 43.7 × 10⁻⁷ mm³·N⁻¹·m⁻¹ and 0.18–0.28. The dense tribofilm formed during wet friction (in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution) hinders further wear of the substrate, leading to lower COFs and wear rates than those of dry friction. The PBF-ed NiCu-diamond composites show excellent wet friction and wear properties with COFs lower than 0.04 and a wear rate of 1.6 × 10⁻⁷ mm³·N⁻¹·m⁻¹.

定量分析了印刷工艺对镍钴-金刚石复合材料冶金质量和耐磨性的影响。在2.4 mA的电子束电流和1 m·s−1的扫描速率下，成功制备了低孔隙率（~ 1.6 vol%）和低金刚石颗粒损耗（仅0.5 vol%）的nicu -金刚石复合材料。nicu -金刚石复合材料的磨损率低至5.0 × 10−7 mm3·N−1·m−1，摩擦系数（COFs）在0.02 ~ 0.05之间。与相应的43.7 × 10−7 mm3·N−1·m−1和0.18-0.28值相比，这些值有了很大的降低。湿摩擦（在3.5 wt% NaCl溶液中）形成的致密摩擦膜阻碍了基体的进一步磨损，导致COFs和磨损率低于干摩擦。PBF-ed nicu -金刚石复合材料具有优异的湿摩擦磨损性能，COFs < 0.04，磨损率为1.6 × 10−7 mm3·N−1·m−1。

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引用次数: 0

Design of novel sustainable cemented carbides strengthened by η-phase to replace critical raw materials 新型可持续发展的η相强化硬质合金的设计，以取代关键的原材料

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107695

José García , Andrei Chychko , Christian Gold

Cemented carbide production is heavily reliant on critical raw materials (CRMs) such as tungsten (W), cobalt (Co), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), niobium (Nb), and ruthenium (Ru), which face increasing supply risks, cost volatility, and environmental challenges. This study presents a sustainable alternative through the design of WC-based cemented carbides reinforced with finely dispersed η-phase carbides. The η-phase morphology and distribution are tailored to substitute conventional γ-phase formers (Ti, Ta, Nb), allowing the replacement of Co binder metal, and minimizing reliance on scarce elements such as Ru. The resulting microstructures exhibit enhanced high-temperature strength, hot hardness, and fracture resistance. Cutting performance tests under severe thermomechanical loading conditions confirm that the new η-phase–reinforced grades offer equivalent or superior performance compared to conventional grades. A detailed Product Carbon Footprint (PCF) analysis demonstrates significantly lower environmental impact and material criticality, establishing η-phase strengthening as a robust strategy for developing next-generation, high-performance cemented carbides with improved sustainability.

硬质合金的生产严重依赖于关键原材料，如钨(W)、钴（Co）、钛（Ti）、钽（Ta）、铌（Nb）和钌（Ru），这些原材料面临着越来越大的供应风险、成本波动和环境挑战。本研究提出了一种可持续的替代方案，即设计以分散良好的η相碳化物为增强材料的wc基硬质合金。η相的形态和分布适合于传统的γ相形成物（Ti, Ta, Nb），允许替代Co结合金属，并最大限度地减少对稀有元素（如Ru）的依赖。由此产生的显微组织表现出增强的高温强度、热硬度和抗断裂性。在严格的热机械载荷条件下的切削性能测试证实，与传统牌号相比，新的η相增强牌号具有同等或更好的性能。一项详细的产品碳足迹（PCF）分析表明，该方法显著降低了对环境的影响和材料的临界性，确立了η相强化作为开发下一代高性能硬质合金的有力策略，并提高了可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Microstructure and tribological behavior over a wide temperature range of TiCrTaMoSi-based composites fabricated via spark plasma sintering 火花等离子烧结制备的ticrtamosi基复合材料的微观结构和宽温度范围内的摩擦学性能

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107692

H.J. Jin , J.X. Fang , H.T. He , Y.B. Li , Z.L. Jiang , Y. Shen , X.Y. Zhou , T.T. Guo , G.Q. Yang , H. Li , M. Wen

In this work, Ti_0.6Cr₃TaMoSi_0.06C_0.1 and Ti_0.6Cr₃TaMoSi_0.06-Ag-CaF₂/BaF₂ composites were fabricated via spark plasma sintering (SPS). Their microstructures were characterized, and tribological properties were evaluated at 25 °C, 350 °C, and 800 °C. The Ti_0.6Cr₃TaMoSi_0.06C_0.1 composite consists of Laves phase, BCC phase, Ta₂C, and TiC, exhibiting a high microhardness of 1010 HV. In contrast, the composite containing lubricating phases is mainly composed of BCC phase, Laves phase, as well as Ag and fluoride phases, with a reduced hardness of 534 HV. Under a 10 mm-diameter Si₃N₄ ball counterpart, a normal load of 20 N, a sliding speed of 10 mm/s, and a test duration of 30 min, Ti_0.6Cr₃TaMoSi_0.06C_0.1 shows friction coefficient and wear rate that first increase and then decrease with temperature. The friction coefficients at room temperature, 350 °C, and 800 °C are 0.91, 1.23, and 0.81, respectively, while the corresponding wear rates are 23, 8.5, and 5.03 × 10⁻⁵ mm³/(Nm). The composite with lubricating phases exhibits lower friction coefficients across the tested temperature range (0.54, 0.58, and 0.69 at room temperature, 350 °C, and 800 °C, respectively). However, its wear rates at 350 °C and 800 °C reach 22.9 and 30.8 × 10⁻⁵ mm³/(Nm), which are significantly higher than those of Ti_0.6Cr₃TaMoSi_0.06C_0.1. The superior high-temperature wear resistance of Ti_0.6Cr₃TaMoSi_0.06C_0.1 is primarily attributed to the formation of a dense composite oxide glaze layer that effectively protects the substrate. The prepared composites exhibit excellent wear resistance over a wide temperature range, making them promising candidates for the fabrication and protection of wear-resistant components under harsh thermal conditions.

采用放电等离子烧结（SPS）法制备了Ti0.6Cr3TaMoSi0.06C0.1和ti0.6 cr3tamosi0.06 ag - caf2 /BaF2复合材料。在25°C、350°C和800°C下对其微观结构进行了表征，并对其摩擦学性能进行了评估。Ti0.6Cr3TaMoSi0.06C0.1复合材料由Laves相、BCC相、Ta2C和TiC组成，显微硬度高达1010hv。含润滑相的复合材料主要由BCC相、Laves相以及Ag和氟化物相组成，硬度降低至534 HV。在直径为10 mm的Si3N4球、法向载荷为20 N、滑动速度为10 mm/s、测试时间为30 min的条件下，Ti0.6Cr3TaMoSi0.06C0.1的摩擦系数和磨损率随温度的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势。室温、350℃和800℃下的摩擦系数分别为0.91、1.23和0.81，相应的磨损率分别为23、8.5和5.03 × 10−5 mm3/(Nm)。具有润滑相的复合材料在测试温度范围内表现出较低的摩擦系数（在室温、350℃和800℃分别为0.54、0.58和0.69）。而在350℃和800℃时，其磨损率分别达到22.9和30.8 × 10−5 mm3/(Nm)，显著高于Ti0.6Cr3TaMoSi0.06C0.1。Ti0.6Cr3TaMoSi0.06C0.1具有优异的高温耐磨性，主要是由于形成了致密的复合氧化釉层，有效地保护了基体。所制备的复合材料在很宽的温度范围内表现出优异的耐磨性，使其成为在恶劣热条件下制造和保护耐磨部件的有希望的候选者。

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引用次数: 0

Microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-Co/TC4 joints by square flat-top laser brazing 方形平顶激光钎焊WC-Co/TC4接头的组织与力学性能

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107685

Liang Wang , Wentao Li , Yi Rong , Anliang Ma , Lei Su , Liming Lei , Lianghui Xu , Yong He , Jianhua Yao

A uniform heating strategy based on a square flat-top laser beam was proposed to achieve high-quality laser brazing of WC-Co and TC4. Crack-free brazing joints with excellent metallurgical bonding were successfully prepared. The results showed that the joint consisted of WC-Co/TiC+WC/α-Ti + β-Ti + (Ti, Zr)₂(Cu, Ni) + Ti(s,s)/Ti(s,s) + Widmanstätten/TC4. Increasing the laser energy density enhanced interfacial reactions and elemental interdiffusion, promoting further dissolution of WC and the formation of TiC, thereby thickening the WC-Co/brazing seam reaction layer. Meanwhile, the higher element diffusion rate gradually thickened the diffusion layer at the brazing seam/TC4 interface, significantly coarsening the internal Widmanstätten microstructure. The content of the (Ti, Zr)₂(Cu, Ni) phase in the brazing seam decreased, resulting in a reduction in the microhardness of the brazing seam area from 474 HV_1.0 to 438 HV_1.0. Joint shear strength peaked at 217.2 MPa with an energy density of 3733 J/cm², demonstrating an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease. Beyond this optimal energy density, excessive heat input induced thermal stress concentration at the WC-Co/brazing seam interface. The resultant microcracks compromised the joint integrity, leading to a reduction in strength. This study demonstrates that flat-top laser brazing provides an efficient and reliable technique for achieving high-quality joining, offering guidance for its future application to broader material systems and advanced engineering components.

为了实现WC-Co和TC4的高质量激光钎焊，提出了一种基于方形平顶激光束的均匀加热策略。成功制备了具有良好冶金结合性能的无裂纹钎焊接头。结果表明，该接头由WC- co /TiC+WC/α-Ti + β-Ti + (Ti, Zr)2(Cu, Ni) + Ti(s,s)/Ti(s,s) + Widmanstätten/TC4组成。增大激光能量密度可增强界面反应和元素间的相互扩散，促进WC的进一步溶解和TiC的形成，从而使WC- co /钎缝反应层变厚。同时，较高的元素扩散速率使钎焊焊缝/TC4界面处的扩散层逐渐变厚，使内部Widmanstätten组织显著粗化。钎缝中（Ti, Zr）2（Cu, Ni）相含量降低，导致钎缝区显微硬度由474 HV1.0降低到438 HV1.0。节理抗剪强度峰值为217.2 MPa，能量密度为3733 J/cm2，表现出先增大后减小的趋势。在此最佳能量密度之外，过多的热输入会导致WC-Co/钎焊界面处的热应力集中。由此产生的微裂纹破坏了接头的完整性，导致强度降低。该研究表明，平顶激光钎焊为实现高质量的连接提供了高效可靠的技术，为其未来在更广泛的材料系统和先进的工程部件中的应用提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Achieving ultrahigh strength and high electrical conductivity in Cu composite reinforced with intragranular sub-10 nm W particles 在铜复合材料中添加10 nm以下的W颗粒，实现了超高强度和高导电性

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107688

Cantong Li , Liang Liu , Jianhong Yi , Rui Bao , Caiju Li , Hongmei Zhang , Xiaofeng Chen , Zunyan Xu

Conventional methods for synthesizing copper‑tungsten (CuW) composites often struggle to achieve a balance between mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. Herein, we had reported a “nanodispersion-in-grains” strategy, which successfully realized high strength and good electrical conductivity in CuW composites via refining W particle size and tuning its spatial distribution. W particles prepared by spray pyrolysis (SP) had an average size of 7.3 nm. The nano-sized reinforcement with intragranular distribution had significantly enhanced the mechanical properties by Orowan strengthening. The intragranular W particles induced high internal stress fields within the composite, which promoted generation of high-density twinning domain. The formation of twinning effectively reduced the grain boundary and interface resistivity, while optimized the electron transport pathways, thereby enabled the composite to maintain good electrical conductivity. Notably, the Cu-3 W composite exhibited excellent overall properties, with an ultrahigh tensile strength of 705 MPa, a total elongation of 16%, a high electrical conductivity of 93% IACS, and a thermal conductivity of 367 W/m·K at room temperature. This work provided clear microstructural design guidelines for developing advanced Cu-based functional integrated materials.

合成铜钨（CuW）复合材料的传统方法往往难以在机械性能和导电性之间取得平衡。在此，我们报道了一种“纳米分散”策略，通过细化W粒度和调整其空间分布，成功地实现了CuW复合材料的高强度和良好的导电性。喷雾热解法制备的W颗粒平均粒径为7.3 nm。经Orowan强化，晶粒内分布的纳米级增强材料的力学性能得到了显著提高。晶内W粒子在复合材料内部产生高应力场，促进了高密度孪晶畴的生成。孪晶的形成有效地降低了晶界和界面电阻率，同时优化了电子传递途径，从而使复合材料保持良好的导电性。值得注意的是，cu - 3w复合材料具有优异的综合性能，超高抗拉强度为705 MPa，总伸长率为16%，高电导率为93% IACS，室温导热系数为367 W/m·K。这项工作为开发先进的cu基功能集成材料提供了明确的微结构设计指导。

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引用次数: 0

Entropy-driven elemental diffusion and microstructural evolution in Co-based composites reinforced with high-entropy carbonitrides 高熵碳氮化物增强共基复合材料中熵驱动的元素扩散和微观组织演化

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107679

Shan Wu, Yifan Li, Zhuolun Wang, Lei Guo, Ying Liu, Jinwen Ye, Na Jin

Cermets offer a promising route to meet the demands of harsh environments by combining the ductility of metals with the hardness and thermal stability of ceramics. High-entropy carbonitrides (HECNs), owing to their superior mechanical properties and phase stability, are attractive reinforcement phases. However, interfacial instability and sintering challenges often limit their performance. In this work, three HECN phases, 90 wt%Co-10 wt%(TiNbTa)(C,N) named Co-MECN, 90 wt% Co-10 wt%(TiZrNbTa)(C,N) named Co-4HECN, and 90 wt%Co-10 wt%(TiZrNbMoTa)(C,N) named Co-5HECN, with progressively increasing configurational entropy were incorporated into Co-matrix composites via solid-state sintering. The influence of entropy on diffusion behavior and mechanical response was systematically evaluated. Mo exhibited the highest diffusivity in the Co matrix, followed by Ti, Zr, Nb, and Ta, and this diffusion inhomogeneity induced local stress concentrations that weakened interfacial bonding. The Co-MECN composite achieved the best performance, with a transverse rupture strength of 1.75 GPa and a hardness of 326 kgf/mm², while higher entropy levels led to performance degradation due to increased phase stability hindering densification and promoting pore formation. These findings clarify the dual role of entropy in regulating diffusion and consolidation, providing a guidance for the rational design of next-generation high-entropy cermet systems.

陶瓷结合了金属的延展性和陶瓷的硬度和热稳定性，为满足恶劣环境的需求提供了一条有前途的途径。高熵碳氮化物（hecn）由于其优异的力学性能和相稳定性而成为极具吸引力的增强相。然而，界面不稳定性和烧结挑战往往限制了它们的性能。在本研究中，通过固相烧结将构型熵逐渐增加的三种HECN相(90 wt%Co-10 wt%(TiNbTa)（C，N）命名为Co-MECN， 90 wt%Co-10 wt%(TiZrNbTa)（C，N）命名为Co-4HECN， 90 wt%Co-10 wt%（TiZrNbMoTa)（C，N）命名为Co-5HECN）加入共基复合材料中。系统地评价了熵对扩散行为和力学响应的影响。Mo在Co基体中的扩散率最高，其次是Ti、Zr、Nb和Ta，这种扩散不均匀性导致局部应力集中，削弱了界面结合。Co-MECN复合材料的性能最好，其横向断裂强度为1.75 GPa，硬度为326 kgf/mm2，而较高的熵水平会导致性能下降，因为相稳定性的增加阻碍了致密化，促进了孔隙的形成。这些发现阐明了熵在调节扩散和固结中的双重作用，为下一代高熵陶瓷系统的合理设计提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of mechanical properties and cost-reduction of potential orthopedic Zr alloys maintaining favorable biocompatibility through impurity utilization and microalloying 通过杂质利用和微合金化优化潜在矫形用Zr合金的力学性能和降低成本以保持良好的生物相容性

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107687

X.K. Liu , Z.C. Yin , S.X. Liang, Z.K. Zhou, Z.Y. Yuan, B.Y. Liu, Y.X. Guo, S.Z. Zhang, J.S. Zhang, X.Y. Zhang, R.P. Liu

Zirconium (Zr) shows great promise for next-generation orthopedic implants due to its excellent biocompatibility, low elastic modulus, and low magnetic susceptibility. However, it is clinically constrained by high production costs and insufficient yield strength. Herein, a novel “impurity utilization + microalloying” strategy is proposed to optimize mechanical properties and reduce costs of Zr-based alloys while preserving biocompatibility and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatibility. By leveraging the β-stabilizing effect of inherent impurities (Hf, Fe) in sponge zirconium (SZr) and atomic mobility inhibition by microalloying elements (Fe, Si, Mg), the brittle ω phase is suppressed in SZr-xNb-0.2 Mg-0.15Fe-0.1Si (SZNx) alloys, promoting formation of the intermediate β' phase (from β → ω transformation). Ultrafine/nanoscale β' plates induce precipitation and boundary strengthening, synergizing with solid solution strengthening from impurities and microalloying elements to enhance strength while maintaining low Young's modulus and good ductility. Consequently, SZNx alloys outperform ZrNb alloys fabricated from high-purity Zr (NZr) or unalloyed SZr in strength. Notably, the Zr-15Nb-0.25 Mg-0.15Fe-0.1Si (SZN15) alloy exhibits exceptional comprehensive properties: Young's modulus (E) = 58 ± 3 GPa, yield strength (YS) = 750 ± 18 MPa, elongation (EL) = 15.5 ± 1.6%. In vitro biocompatibility assessments show SZN15 cell viability exceeds 92% over all test periods, comparable to or better than clinically used Ti–6Al–4 V (TC4) and NZr. The mass magnetic susceptibility of SZNx alloys (1.27–1.90 × 10⁻⁶ cm³/g) is ∼50% that of TC4, ensuring excellent MRI compatibility. Most importantly, the cost of SZNx alloys is reduced by over 80% versus NZr-based alloys. This work offers an efficient, cost-effective strategy for developing low-cost, high-performance Zr-based orthopedic alloys, addressing the strength-modulus-ductility trade-off and cost barriers limiting clinical translation. .

锆（Zr）由于其优异的生物相容性、低弹性模量和低磁化率，在下一代骨科植入物中显示出巨大的前景。但由于生产成本高，屈服强度不足，在临床上受到限制。本文提出了一种新的“杂质利用+微合金化”策略，以优化zr基合金的力学性能和降低成本，同时保持生物相容性和磁共振成像（MRI）相容性。利用海绵锆（SZr）中固有杂质（Hf, Fe）的β稳定作用和微合金化元素（Fe, Si, Mg）的原子迁移抑制作用，SZr- xnb -0.2 Mg-0.15Fe-0.1Si （SZNx）合金中的脆性ω相被抑制，促进中间β′相的形成（从β→ω转变）。超细/纳米级β′板诱导析出和边界强化，与杂质和微合金元素的固溶体强化协同作用，在保持低杨氏模量和良好延性的同时提高强度。因此，SZNx合金在强度上优于由高纯度Zr （NZr）或非合金化SZr制成的ZrNb合金。Zr-15Nb-0.25 Mg-0.15Fe-0.1Si （SZN15）合金表现出优异的综合性能：杨氏模量(E) = 58±3 GPa，屈服强度(YS) = 750±18 MPa，伸长率(EL) = 15.5±1.6%。体外生物相容性评估显示，在所有测试期间，SZN15的细胞存活率超过92%，与临床使用的Ti-6Al-4 V （TC4）和NZr相当或更好。SZNx合金的质量磁化率（1.27-1.90 × 10−6 cm3/g）是TC4的约50%，确保了出色的MRI相容性。最重要的是，与nzr基合金相比，SZNx合金的成本降低了80%以上。这项工作为开发低成本、高性能的zr基骨科合金提供了一种高效、经济的策略，解决了强度-模量-延性权衡和限制临床转化的成本障碍。

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引用次数: 0

Dose-dependent irradiation embrittlement in tungsten: A predictive model based on grain plasticity mechanisms 钨的剂量依赖性辐照脆化：基于晶粒塑性机制的预测模型

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107686

C. Robertson , D. Terentyev , E. Gaganidze , C. Chang

This paper presents a radiation embrittlement model applicable to polycrystalline BCC tungsten, in the context of fusion reactor technology. BCC tungsten fracture response is temperature and dose-dependent, due to critical sub-grain plasticity mechanisms and their interaction with brittle fracture initiators. Mesoscale plasticity effects are treated using a comprehensive, close-form analytical expression, accounting for thermally activated slip and cross-slip influences. In practice, the number of slip bands generated in all the grains of a macroscopic grain aggregate is calculated first, for a given plastic strain increment. The results associated with different temperature and dose conditions are then side-by-side compared with corresponding experimental fracture toughness data up to 1100 °C. To demonstrate the predictive model capability, we successfully apply our methodology to the case of tungsten irradiated by neutrons up to 1 dpa. The proposed approach to predict the embrittlement does not use any data adjustment, is based on the SEM-EBDS microstructure of the investigated material, possesses distinctive predictive capacities and is directly applicable in support of advanced design rules to ensure safety during nuclear operation of fusion reactors.

本文提出了一种适用于多晶BCC钨的辐射脆化模型。由于临界亚晶塑性机制及其与脆性断裂引发剂的相互作用，BCC钨断裂响应是温度和剂量相关的。中尺度塑性效应是用一个综合的、封闭的解析表达式来处理的，考虑了热激活滑移和交叉滑移的影响。在实践中，对于给定的塑性应变增量，首先计算宏观颗粒聚集体中所有颗粒中产生的滑移带的数量。然后，将不同温度和剂量条件下的实验结果与相应的高达1100℃的断裂韧性数据进行对比。为了证明预测模型的能力，我们成功地将我们的方法应用于钨被高达1dpa的中子照射的情况。所提出的脆化预测方法不需要任何数据调整，基于所研究材料的SEM-EBDS微观结构，具有独特的预测能力，可直接用于支持先进的设计规则，以确保核聚变反应堆的核运行安全。

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引用次数: 0