Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107082
Wenbin He , Yaoxuan Guo , Dingkun Wang , Wuyi Ming , Guoyong Ye , Xiaoke Li , Yongqiang Wang , Jinguang Du
Metallic glass is widely used owing to its excellent properties such as high strength, high hardness, and high elastic limit. Due to its challenging machining characteristics, analyzing tool wear during the machining process is of great significance for broader application. This paper presents an experimental study on the wear behavior and performance characteristics of CBN tools with a negative chamfering structure when cutting Vit1 under different cutting conditions. The analysis explored the impact of cutting parameters on the tool wear process. It shows that the cutting parameters affected the tool-wear stages. Under high cutting parameters, the tool bypasses the normal wear stage and transitions directly to the rapid wear phase. The rake face exhibits cratering and fine chipping, whereas the flank face displays normal wear bands and groove wear. The wear mechanisms of the CBN tools when cutting Vit1 include abrasive, diffusion, oxidation, and adhesive wear. These types of wear are caused by several mechanisms. The machined surface roughness is influenced not only by the increased tool wear but also by the surface quality of the wear zone on the flank face and chip adhesion.
{"title":"Wear mechanisms and its effect of CBN tool on surface roughness in machining of metallic glass","authors":"Wenbin He , Yaoxuan Guo , Dingkun Wang , Wuyi Ming , Guoyong Ye , Xiaoke Li , Yongqiang Wang , Jinguang Du","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metallic glass is widely used owing to its excellent properties such as high strength, high hardness, and high elastic limit. Due to its challenging machining characteristics, analyzing tool wear during the machining process is of great significance for broader application. This paper presents an experimental study on the wear behavior and performance characteristics of CBN tools with a negative chamfering structure when cutting Vit1 under different cutting conditions. The analysis explored the impact of cutting parameters on the tool wear process. It shows that the cutting parameters affected the tool-wear stages. Under high cutting parameters, the tool bypasses the normal wear stage and transitions directly to the rapid wear phase. The rake face exhibits cratering and fine chipping, whereas the flank face displays normal wear bands and groove wear. The wear mechanisms of the CBN tools when cutting Vit1 include abrasive, diffusion, oxidation, and adhesive wear. These types of wear are caused by several mechanisms. The machined surface roughness is influenced not only by the increased tool wear but also by the surface quality of the wear zone on the flank face and chip adhesion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 107082"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107081
Hao Yang , Hui Huang , Xinjiang Liao , Zhiyuan Lai , Nian Duan , Zhiteng Xu
Silicon nitride (Si3N4) substrate is an essential component for the next generation of high-power semiconductor devices due to its relatively high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical strength. Diamond wire slicing is a critical step in producing Si3N4 ceramic substrates. In recent years, high-performance diamond wire is badly needed for the large-scale production of Si3N4 ceramic substrates to address the challenges of processing quality consistency caused by tool wear. This work aims to develop a low-damage brazed diamond wire (BWD) with a tungsten core and systematically investigate its slicing performance on the slicing efficiency, slicing force, wire bow angle, wear characteristics, and sliced surface morphologies in the slicing of Si3N4 ceramic substrate. Experimental results indicate the brazed diamond wire with tungsten core was found to produce higher slicing efficiency, lower sawing force, smaller wire bow angle, and better wear resistance, in comparison to the electroplated diamond wire (EWD). Almost no diamond grain fell off from the brazed diamond wire after slicing, which was attributed to the strong interfacial chemical bonding between diamond grains and brazed alloys. Exposed and sharper grains enhanced the efficiency of brazed diamond wire but produced a rougher surface than nickel-coated electroplated diamond wire. The findings in this research provide guidance for the optimization of slicing tools in the mass production of Si3N4 ceramic substrates and serve as a reference for the other case needs for micro-textures surfaces using diamond wire slicing.
{"title":"Microstructural insights and performance evaluation of low-damage brazed diamond wire with a tungsten core","authors":"Hao Yang , Hui Huang , Xinjiang Liao , Zhiyuan Lai , Nian Duan , Zhiteng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon nitride (Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) substrate is an essential component for the next generation of high-power semiconductor devices due to its relatively high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical strength. Diamond wire slicing is a critical step in producing Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> ceramic substrates. In recent years, high-performance diamond wire is badly needed for the large-scale production of Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> ceramic substrates to address the challenges of processing quality consistency caused by tool wear. This work aims to develop a low-damage brazed diamond wire (BWD) with a tungsten core and systematically investigate its slicing performance on the slicing efficiency, slicing force, wire bow angle, wear characteristics, and sliced surface morphologies in the slicing of Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> ceramic substrate. Experimental results indicate the brazed diamond wire with tungsten core was found to produce higher slicing efficiency, lower sawing force, smaller wire bow angle, and better wear resistance, in comparison to the electroplated diamond wire (EWD). Almost no diamond grain fell off from the brazed diamond wire after slicing, which was attributed to the strong interfacial chemical bonding between diamond grains and brazed alloys. Exposed and sharper grains enhanced the efficiency of brazed diamond wire but produced a rougher surface than nickel-coated electroplated diamond wire. The findings in this research provide guidance for the optimization of slicing tools in the mass production of Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> ceramic substrates and serve as a reference for the other case needs for micro-textures surfaces using diamond wire slicing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 107081"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107080
Xuemei Liu , Changyong Yue , Yang Gao , Zhi Zhao , Wei Zhang , Yong Liu , Xiaoyan Song
The thermal residual stresses in diamond/MPEA (multi-principal element alloy) composites with various interlayers were analyzed using finite element method by both macro- and micro-models. Firstly, we investigated the temperature evolution in the composites during the cooling stage of the spark plasma sintering process. Then, the effects of interlayers introduced between the diamond and MPEA on the evolution and distribution of thermal residual stresses within the composites were studied. The simulation results demonstrate that incorporating a metal interlayer can effectively reduce thermal residual stress and elastic strain in the composites through plastic deformation, particularly when utilizing a metal interlayer with reduced yield strength. Comparatively, a carbide interlayer induces a high-level thermal residual stress primarily located in the carbide interlayer itself and the proximate contacting areas in diamond and the binder phase. Particularly, this stress will not decrease the mechanical properties of the composites, since it has a tensile first principal stress parallel to the interfaces formed between the carbide interlayer and metal interlayer, as well as the carbide interlayer and diamond, and a compressive third principal stress perpendicular to those interfaces. Consequently, the diamond composites with both a metal interlayer and a carbide interlayer are expected to exhibit lower levels of residual stress, which protect diamond particles from graphitization, thereby resulting in superior mechanical performance.
{"title":"Effect of interlayers on thermal residual stresses in diamond/MPEA composites predicted by finite element method","authors":"Xuemei Liu , Changyong Yue , Yang Gao , Zhi Zhao , Wei Zhang , Yong Liu , Xiaoyan Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal residual stresses in diamond/MPEA (multi-principal element alloy) composites with various interlayers were analyzed using finite element method by both macro- and micro-models. Firstly, we investigated the temperature evolution in the composites during the cooling stage of the spark plasma sintering process. Then, the effects of interlayers introduced between the diamond and MPEA on the evolution and distribution of thermal residual stresses within the composites were studied. The simulation results demonstrate that incorporating a metal interlayer can effectively reduce thermal residual stress and elastic strain in the composites through plastic deformation, particularly when utilizing a metal interlayer with reduced yield strength. Comparatively, a carbide interlayer induces a high-level thermal residual stress primarily located in the carbide interlayer itself and the proximate contacting areas in diamond and the binder phase. Particularly, this stress will not decrease the mechanical properties of the composites, since it has a tensile first principal stress parallel to the interfaces formed between the carbide interlayer and metal interlayer, as well as the carbide interlayer and diamond, and a compressive third principal stress perpendicular to those interfaces. Consequently, the diamond composites with both a metal interlayer and a carbide interlayer are expected to exhibit lower levels of residual stress, which protect diamond particles from graphitization, thereby resulting in superior mechanical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107080"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107085
L. Degeneve , D. Mari , P.V.S. Machado , E. Jimenez-Piqué
A Finite Element Model produced from a real WC-10wt.%Co sample is used to study the mechanical behavior of cemented carbides in compression tests. The model is obtained by slicing the sample by Focused Ion Beam and reconstructing it. This model is used to represent a WC-Ni sample with the same binder fraction, due to the proximity of the two materials in term of microstructure. The WC is defined as elastic, and the Ni phase includes plasticity. The post sintering cooling is simulated, followed by loading-unloading cycles. The results are compared with experimental data obtained by Neutron Diffraction. The residual thermal stresses are in good agreement with the experimental data, showing high tensile stress in the Ni phase and high anisotropy in the spatial distribution of the stress in the WC phase. The observation of the strain in transverse direction in the Ni phase during the first loading-unloading cycle reveals that the Ni phase in the highly constrained WC-Ni structure cannot be represented by a simple elasto-plastic behavior. An alternative solution is proposed to improve the accuracy of the representation of this material.
{"title":"Cyclic loading of WC-Ni by FEM with a realistic 3D morphology","authors":"L. Degeneve , D. Mari , P.V.S. Machado , E. Jimenez-Piqué","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A Finite Element Model produced from a real WC-10wt.%Co sample is used to study the mechanical behavior of cemented carbides in compression tests. The model is obtained by slicing the sample by Focused Ion Beam and reconstructing it. This model is used to represent a WC-Ni sample with the same binder fraction, due to the proximity of the two materials in term of microstructure. The WC is defined as elastic, and the Ni phase includes plasticity. The post sintering cooling is simulated, followed by loading-unloading cycles. The results are compared with experimental data obtained by Neutron Diffraction. The residual thermal stresses are in good agreement with the experimental data, showing high tensile stress in the Ni phase and high anisotropy in the spatial distribution of the stress in the WC phase. The observation of the strain in transverse direction in the Ni phase during the first loading-unloading cycle reveals that the Ni phase in the highly constrained WC-Ni structure cannot be represented by a simple elasto-plastic behavior. An alternative solution is proposed to improve the accuracy of the representation of this material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 107085"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143326022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107087
I. Konyashin , N. Nazari , D. Mueller , S. Farag , B. Ries , A. Bondarev , A. Meledin
It was reported in the literature that the influence of grain growth inhibitors (GGIs) on the WC grain growth during sintering of cemented carbides is related to the formation of complexions at WC/Co interfaces at temperatures of liquid-phase sintering. However, this viewpoint was not confirmed experimentally, as such complexions were found upon cooling after sintering. The influence of different grain growth inhibitors on the kinetics of WC coarsening in WC-10 wt% Co cemented carbides was investigated. The presence of complexions having a thickness of nearly 1 to 3 nm at WC/Co interfaces was established by STEM, EDX and HRTEM as a result of adding VC, Cr3C2 and TaC to WC + Co. WC grains in WC-Co cemented carbides containing Mo2C was characterized by the presence of near-surface layers of (W,Mo)C having a thickness of about 100 nm and absence of complexions at the WC/binder interface. The values of activation energies for all the GGIs except for Mo2C lie in the range typical for the solid-state diffusion-controlled processes, therefore, the solid-state diffusion of W and C atoms through the nm-thick complexions is presumably a limiting stage of WC coarsening. Considering the activation energy and distribution of heavy elements in the binder for the samples doped with Mo2C, one can assume that in the liquid binder containing dissolved W, C and Mo atoms, molybdenum suppresses the diffusion of tungsten atoms. Therefore, the rate of the tungsten atoms' diffusion in the liquid binder is likely to be a limiting stage of WC coarsening.
{"title":"WC coarsening in cemented carbides during sintering. Part II: Mechanisms of the influence of different grain growth inhibitors","authors":"I. Konyashin , N. Nazari , D. Mueller , S. Farag , B. Ries , A. Bondarev , A. Meledin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It was reported in the literature that the influence of grain growth inhibitors (GGIs) on the WC grain growth during sintering of cemented carbides is related to the formation of complexions at WC/Co interfaces at temperatures of liquid-phase sintering. However, this viewpoint was not confirmed experimentally, as such complexions were found upon cooling after sintering. The influence of different grain growth inhibitors on the kinetics of WC coarsening in WC-10 wt% Co cemented carbides was investigated. The presence of complexions having a thickness of nearly 1 to 3 nm at WC/Co interfaces was established by STEM, EDX and HRTEM as a result of adding VC, Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> and TaC to WC + Co. WC grains in WC-Co cemented carbides containing Mo<sub>2</sub>C was characterized by the presence of near-surface layers of (W,Mo)C having a thickness of about 100 nm and absence of complexions at the WC/binder interface. The values of activation energies for all the GGIs except for Mo<sub>2</sub>C lie in the range typical for the solid-state diffusion-controlled processes, therefore, the solid-state diffusion of W and C atoms through the nm-thick complexions is presumably a limiting stage of WC coarsening. Considering the activation energy and distribution of heavy elements in the binder for the samples doped with Mo<sub>2</sub>C, one can assume that in the liquid binder containing dissolved W, C and Mo atoms, molybdenum suppresses the diffusion of tungsten atoms. Therefore, the rate of the tungsten atoms' diffusion in the liquid binder is likely to be a limiting stage of WC coarsening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 107087"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dissimilar joining of B318 steel and two shapes (spherical and cylindrical) of WC-10Co pellets was performed using resistance welding for application in bimetal band saw blades. The study investigates the effects of pellet shape on joint characteristics and contact state by analyzing the welding process, dynamic resistance, temperature field, macroscopic and microscopic joint morphology, and fracture mode. The results indicated that the shear force of joints with different shapes initially increases before decreasing as the welding current rises. The welding range for the spherical joint is narrower than that for the cylindrical joint, and no reaction layer is formed at the joint. In contrast, the cylindrical joint exhibits a shear force of 1175.3N at 750 A, representing the highest value among the two shapes across various welding currents. Under this parameter, the thickness of the formed reaction layer of the cylindrical joint is moderate, with no severe element loss, and fractures occur in the steel's heat-affected zone (HAZ). High-speed photography results showed that spherical joints generate heat faster than cylindrical joints. Numerical simulation results indicated that the peak temperature in spherical joints is higher than in cylindrical joints. These differences can be attributed to variations in pellet curvatures of different shapes, leading to different contact states of the workpieces during welding. This affected the heat generation process, the amount of joint deformation, and the elemental migration and metallurgical reactions at the joint interface. Comparing all aspects, the welding performance of the cylindrical joint proves superior to that of the spherical joint.
{"title":"Analysis of contact state and fracture mode of WC-10Co/B318 steel joint fabricated by resistance welding","authors":"Lingyu Chen , Chong Zhang , Guoyue Liu , Zhongning Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dissimilar joining of B318 steel and two shapes (spherical and cylindrical) of WC-10Co pellets was performed using resistance welding for application in bimetal band saw blades. The study investigates the effects of pellet shape on joint characteristics and contact state by analyzing the welding process, dynamic resistance, temperature field, macroscopic and microscopic joint morphology, and fracture mode. The results indicated that the shear force of joints with different shapes initially increases before decreasing as the welding current rises. The welding range for the spherical joint is narrower than that for the cylindrical joint, and no reaction layer is formed at the joint. In contrast, the cylindrical joint exhibits a shear force of 1175.3N at 750 A, representing the highest value among the two shapes across various welding currents. Under this parameter, the thickness of the formed reaction layer of the cylindrical joint is moderate, with no severe element loss, and fractures occur in the steel's heat-affected zone (HAZ). High-speed photography results showed that spherical joints generate heat faster than cylindrical joints. Numerical simulation results indicated that the peak temperature in spherical joints is higher than in cylindrical joints. These differences can be attributed to variations in pellet curvatures of different shapes, leading to different contact states of the workpieces during welding. This affected the heat generation process, the amount of joint deformation, and the elemental migration and metallurgical reactions at the joint interface. Comparing all aspects, the welding performance of the cylindrical joint proves superior to that of the spherical joint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 107083"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107086
Prince Sharma , William C. Tucker , Ganesh Balasubramanian
Body centered cubic metals, such as tungsten (W), and their alloys exhibit superior mechanical properties such as high tensile strength and hardness, but their limited ductility contributes to brittleness and causes challenges in manufacturing and machining. While the ductilizing effect of Re additives in dilute W alloys is well reported, a fundamental understanding of the variations in elastic properties with temperature as well as the optimal composition that drives the softening mechanism, is warranted. Here we employ a combination of ab initio molecular simulations and experimental characterization to probe the structural softening in dilute W-Re alloys. We reveal that the coupled effect of charge localization around Re atoms and the predominance of softer phonon modes for a W alloy with 3.1 at.% Re results in the lowest values for the elastic moduli. We develop a probabilistic theory based on the likelihood of Re atoms to be located on the 〈111〉 family of slip directions, to explain the optimum fraction of Re that enhances the structural softening in the alloy. In essence, we corroborate that softening is realized through a reduction of intervening and mutually obstructing slip systems, interlinked with the electronic structure and lattice dynamics.
{"title":"Optimal interplay of charge localization, lattice dynamics and slip systems drives structural softening in dilute W alloys with Re additives","authors":"Prince Sharma , William C. Tucker , Ganesh Balasubramanian","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Body centered cubic metals, such as tungsten (W), and their alloys exhibit superior mechanical properties such as high tensile strength and hardness, but their limited ductility contributes to brittleness and causes challenges in manufacturing and machining. While the ductilizing effect of Re additives in dilute W alloys is well reported, a fundamental understanding of the variations in elastic properties with temperature as well as the optimal composition that drives the softening mechanism, is warranted. Here we employ a combination of <em>ab initio</em> molecular simulations and experimental characterization to probe the structural softening in dilute W-Re alloys. We reveal that the coupled effect of charge localization around Re atoms and the predominance of softer phonon modes for a W alloy with 3.1 at.% Re results in the lowest values for the elastic moduli. We develop a probabilistic theory based on the likelihood of Re atoms to be located on the 〈111〉 family of slip directions, to explain the optimum fraction of Re that enhances the structural softening in the alloy. In essence, we corroborate that softening is realized through a reduction of intervening and mutually obstructing slip systems, interlinked with the electronic structure and lattice dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 107086"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107084
Bo Yang , Jingtao Chen , Xiaoyang Bi , Bingbing Yang , Jiahao Shi , Xiangyang Ding , Wenxing Yu , Ning Hu
Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) exhibits ultra-high hardness, fracture toughness and thermal conductivity, which is suitable for service at extreme temperatures. However, the correlation mechanism between temperature and surface roughness in PCD is still unclear, resulting in the inability to obtain atomic-scale surface. Therefore, the surface roughness of PCD at different temperatures was measured using an atomic force microscope, confirming that grain thermal expansion due to temperature has a significant impact on the surface roughness of PCD. Molecular dynamics simulation shows that the coefficient of thermal expansion of PCD decreases with a gradual increase in its average grain size. When the temperature changes, the model with a smaller average grain size exhibits more pronounced expansion compared to the model with a larger average grain size. This expansion inhomogeneity directly contributes to the variation in PCD surface roughness as a function of temperature. Inspired by the above, retaining an appropriate inverse height difference between grains on the surface of PCD based on the mapping relationship between service temperature and surface grain deformation at room temperature. So then, when PCD is raised from room temperature to service temperature, the different grains will be expanded to an approximate height level to obtain an ultra-smooth surface.
{"title":"Temperature-induced tunable surface roughness in polycrystalline diamond","authors":"Bo Yang , Jingtao Chen , Xiaoyang Bi , Bingbing Yang , Jiahao Shi , Xiangyang Ding , Wenxing Yu , Ning Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) exhibits ultra-high hardness, fracture toughness and thermal conductivity, which is suitable for service at extreme temperatures. However, the correlation mechanism between temperature and surface roughness in PCD is still unclear, resulting in the inability to obtain atomic-scale surface. Therefore, the surface roughness of PCD at different temperatures was measured using an atomic force microscope, confirming that grain thermal expansion due to temperature has a significant impact on the surface roughness of PCD. Molecular dynamics simulation shows that the coefficient of thermal expansion of PCD decreases with a gradual increase in its average grain size. When the temperature changes, the model with a smaller average grain size exhibits more pronounced expansion compared to the model with a larger average grain size. This expansion inhomogeneity directly contributes to the variation in PCD surface roughness as a function of temperature. Inspired by the above, retaining an appropriate inverse height difference between grains on the surface of PCD based on the mapping relationship between service temperature and surface grain deformation at room temperature. So then, when PCD is raised from room temperature to service temperature, the different grains will be expanded to an approximate height level to obtain an ultra-smooth surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 107084"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, the growth modes of low-pressure chemical vapour deposition (LP-CVD) nano-lamellar TiAlN coatings deposited on cemented carbide substrates and the influence of blasting post-treatment on the microstructure are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD). Detailed information on the microstructure is revealed and gives insight into the growth mechanisms during deposition. Local information on the influence of blast-treatment on the micro- and nanostructure reveals how the material is influenced by external stresses on a microstructural level.
Two distinct surface morphologies corresponding to specific grain orientations with <111> and <110> directions parallel to the coating normal are observed. Additionally, a growth mechanism is proposed, which suggests that the surface reaction kinetics are influenced by the detailed microstructure of the grains, leading to locally varying Al/Ti ratios. Blast-treatment of the TiAlN coatings leads to bending and intermixing of the nano-lamellae, where the direct visualization of the lamellae enabled the estimation of the deformation. Continuous lattice rotations were observed in the near-surface region, where the magnitude of the lattice rotation in areas with a high orientation density of <110> directions was more pronounced as compared to areas with a high orientation density of <111> directions. This could be related to the local Schmid factors.
{"title":"Detailed microstructure and the influence of post-treatment on CVD TiAlN wear-resistant coatings","authors":"Monica Mead , Olof Bäcke , Thorsten Manns , Dirk Stiens , Mats Halvarsson","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the growth modes of low-pressure chemical vapour deposition (LP-CVD) nano-lamellar TiAlN coatings deposited on cemented carbide substrates and the influence of blasting post-treatment on the microstructure are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD). Detailed information on the microstructure is revealed and gives insight into the growth mechanisms during deposition. Local information on the influence of blast-treatment on the micro- and nanostructure reveals how the material is influenced by external stresses on a microstructural level.</div><div>Two distinct surface morphologies corresponding to specific grain orientations with <111> and <110> directions parallel to the coating normal are observed. Additionally, a growth mechanism is proposed, which suggests that the surface reaction kinetics are influenced by the detailed microstructure of the grains, leading to locally varying Al/Ti ratios. Blast-treatment of the TiAlN coatings leads to bending and intermixing of the nano-lamellae, where the direct visualization of the lamellae enabled the estimation of the deformation. Continuous lattice rotations were observed in the near-surface region, where the magnitude of the lattice rotation in areas with a high orientation density of <110> directions was more pronounced as compared to areas with a high orientation density of <111> directions. This could be related to the local Schmid factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107077"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107079
Yifan Shi , Fei Zhang , Zulai Li , Mulan Peng , Zhixiang Yang , Di Wu , Lin Yang , He Wei , Quan Shan
This study examines the three-body abrasive-wear performance of WC/Fe surface composites subjected to different matrices, including high‑chromium cast iron (HCCI) and cast steel. These findings indicate that a composite zone can be formed between the matrix and WC preforms, accompanied by a substantial precipitation of carbides. A well-bonded semi-coherent interface forms between Fe6W6C and Fe, and the orientation relationship of Fe (110)BCC//Fe6W6C(111) FCC is the NW (Nishiyama Wassermann) orientation relationship. The partial density of states indicates that the highest average layout number of WW bonds at the interface is 0.53, which corresponds to the highest bonding strength at an average bond length of 2.83 Å. Compared with high‑manganese steel (HMS) and high‑carbon steel (HCS) specimens, the HCCI specimen exhibits the lowest weight loss of 0.075 g. Furthermore, its surface roughness is low (3.337 μm), and its wear resistance is 24.09 % and 15.59 % greater than those of the HMS and HCS specimens, respectively.
{"title":"Research on the characteristics of interface-phase Fe6W6C and abrasive-wear performance of WC/Fe matrix surface composite materials","authors":"Yifan Shi , Fei Zhang , Zulai Li , Mulan Peng , Zhixiang Yang , Di Wu , Lin Yang , He Wei , Quan Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the three-body abrasive-wear performance of WC/Fe surface composites subjected to different matrices, including high‑chromium cast iron (HCCI) and cast steel. These findings indicate that a composite zone can be formed between the matrix and WC preforms, accompanied by a substantial precipitation of carbides. A well-bonded semi-coherent interface forms between Fe<sub>6</sub>W<sub>6</sub>C and Fe, and the orientation relationship of Fe (110)BCC//Fe<sub>6</sub>W<sub>6</sub>C(111) FCC is the N<img>W (Nishiyama Wassermann) orientation relationship. The partial density of states indicates that the highest average layout number of W<img>W bonds at the interface is 0.53, which corresponds to the highest bonding strength at an average bond length of 2.83 Å. Compared with high‑manganese steel (HMS) and high‑carbon steel (HCS) specimens, the HCCI specimen exhibits the lowest weight loss of 0.075 g. Furthermore, its surface roughness is low (3.337 μm), and its wear resistance is 24.09 % and 15.59 % greater than those of the HMS and HCS specimens, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 107079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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