Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_53_23
P. Shashikumar, Debanjan Das, S. Nisha, Shaswata Karmakar, Sudipto Baria, Sudipto Sahu
Introduction: Chemical plaque control agents are used as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy. Adjunctives can assist in proper oral hygiene maintenance. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that can reflect in the periodontium. Periodontal disease prevention and management in Type 2 diabetes patients need routine dental care. Over counter mouthwashes used by patients can result in side effects; this has popularised the use of herbal mouthrinses that have minimal side effects. Aim: The present study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of chlorhexidine (CHX) with Centella asiatica in the management of Stage 2 Grade B periodontitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Materials and method: Seventy Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with periodontitis were recruited for this study. In Group A, 35 subjects received scaling and root planing (SRP) and 10% C. asiatica mouthwash. In Group B, 35 subjects received SRP and 0.2% CHX mouthwash (Colgate-plax, Colgate-Palmolive). Clinical periodontal outcomes measured were plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing depth (PD) at baseline, 1 month and 3 months post therapy. Salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and Interleukin 1β levels were also measured at baseline and 3 months. Results: Clinical parameters PI, GI, BOP and PD were reduced significantly in groups A and B, post-treatment, 3-month follow-up. However, the intergroup comparison didnot show any significant difference. Salivary TAOC levels were significantly increased in both groups after 3 months therapy. The intergroup comparison of salivary TAOC levels between groups didnot show any significant difference. Salivary interleukin 1β levels were significantly reduced in both groups post-treatment. Conclusion: This study suggests the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of C. asiatica mouthwash and a safe alternative to CHX mouthwash as an adjunct in the management of Stage 2 Grade B periodontitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Chlorhexidine with Centella asiatica in the Management of Stage 2 Grade B Periodontitis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients − A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial","authors":"P. Shashikumar, Debanjan Das, S. Nisha, Shaswata Karmakar, Sudipto Baria, Sudipto Sahu","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_53_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_53_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction: Chemical plaque control agents are used as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy. Adjunctives can assist in proper oral hygiene maintenance. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that can reflect in the periodontium. Periodontal disease prevention and management in Type 2 diabetes patients need routine dental care. Over counter mouthwashes used by patients can result in side effects; this has popularised the use of herbal mouthrinses that have minimal side effects. Aim: The present study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of chlorhexidine (CHX) with Centella asiatica in the management of Stage 2 Grade B periodontitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Materials and method: Seventy Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with periodontitis were recruited for this study. In Group A, 35 subjects received scaling and root planing (SRP) and 10% C. asiatica mouthwash. In Group B, 35 subjects received SRP and 0.2% CHX mouthwash (Colgate-plax, Colgate-Palmolive). Clinical periodontal outcomes measured were plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing depth (PD) at baseline, 1 month and 3 months post therapy. Salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and Interleukin 1β levels were also measured at baseline and 3 months. Results: Clinical parameters PI, GI, BOP and PD were reduced significantly in groups A and B, post-treatment, 3-month follow-up. However, the intergroup comparison didnot show any significant difference. Salivary TAOC levels were significantly increased in both groups after 3 months therapy. The intergroup comparison of salivary TAOC levels between groups didnot show any significant difference. Salivary interleukin 1β levels were significantly reduced in both groups post-treatment. Conclusion: This study suggests the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of C. asiatica mouthwash and a safe alternative to CHX mouthwash as an adjunct in the management of Stage 2 Grade B periodontitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"103 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140523536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_82_23
Hema Roslin Samson, Rashid Al-Mamari, E. Lazarus
This case report aims to investigate the impact of zero Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) on the respiratory parameters of a patient following atrial septal defect repair who requires mechanical ventilation. We present the case of a 33-year-old patient who had been experiencing recurrent chest infections accompanied by copious cough with greenish sputum since 2009, without experiencing shortness of breath. The patient had no significant childhood illnesses and had initially been treated with frequent antibiotics at a local health center, which did not lead to symptom improvement. Subsequently, the patient was referred to a tertiary level University Hospital and underwent a series of diagnostic investigations. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed a defect in the superior and posterior location of the interatrial septum, measuring approximately 16mm with left-to-right flow. This defect was situated at the insertion of the superior vena cava, consistent with a superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect. The examination also revealed a moderately dilated right atrium and mild-to-moderate tricuspid regurgitation. Consequently, the patient underwent intracardiac repair of the atrial septal defect on cardiopulmonary bypass. In light of the ongoing increase in symptoms, right ventricle remodeling, and pulmonary artery pressure as the patient ages, it is essential to consider recommencing atrial septal defect closure early after diagnosis, regardless of the presence of symptoms..
{"title":"Atrial septal defect and zero positive end-expiratory pressure: A case report","authors":"Hema Roslin Samson, Rashid Al-Mamari, E. Lazarus","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_82_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_82_23","url":null,"abstract":"This case report aims to investigate the impact of zero Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) on the respiratory parameters of a patient following atrial septal defect repair who requires mechanical ventilation. We present the case of a 33-year-old patient who had been experiencing recurrent chest infections accompanied by copious cough with greenish sputum since 2009, without experiencing shortness of breath. The patient had no significant childhood illnesses and had initially been treated with frequent antibiotics at a local health center, which did not lead to symptom improvement. Subsequently, the patient was referred to a tertiary level University Hospital and underwent a series of diagnostic investigations. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed a defect in the superior and posterior location of the interatrial septum, measuring approximately 16mm with left-to-right flow. This defect was situated at the insertion of the superior vena cava, consistent with a superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect. The examination also revealed a moderately dilated right atrium and mild-to-moderate tricuspid regurgitation. Consequently, the patient underwent intracardiac repair of the atrial septal defect on cardiopulmonary bypass. In light of the ongoing increase in symptoms, right ventricle remodeling, and pulmonary artery pressure as the patient ages, it is essential to consider recommencing atrial septal defect closure early after diagnosis, regardless of the presence of symptoms..","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"31 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140518170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_72_23
R. Parthiban, M. M., Mullaicharam Bhupathyraaj, S. Sridhar, J. Shareef, Sabin Thomas, Ashok Kumar Janakiraman
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system, one of the body’s most fragile microenvironments, by controlling its homeostasis. The BBB is a very complex system that strictly restricts the transport of ions from the blood to the brain of a confined amount of tiny molecules and a much lower number of large molecules, defending the brain from diseases and injuries. However, the BBB severely inhibits drug transport to the brain, hindering the treatment of various neurological problems. As a result, numerous techniques are under development to improve drug delivery across the BBB. This review summarizes the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the barriers and the current drug delivery strategies for the brain. Although these methods provide many fascinating possibilities for targeting and brain delivery, only a few have progressed to the point where they can be used safely and effectively in humans. In addition, concerted efforts using a variety of other methodologies will enable the translation of preclinical findings into tangible clinical applications in the targeted delivery of drugs.
{"title":"An Overview of Various Approaches for Brain Targeted Drug Delivery System","authors":"R. Parthiban, M. M., Mullaicharam Bhupathyraaj, S. Sridhar, J. Shareef, Sabin Thomas, Ashok Kumar Janakiraman","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_72_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_72_23","url":null,"abstract":"The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system, one of the body’s most fragile microenvironments, by controlling its homeostasis. The BBB is a very complex system that strictly restricts the transport of ions from the blood to the brain of a confined amount of tiny molecules and a much lower number of large molecules, defending the brain from diseases and injuries. However, the BBB severely inhibits drug transport to the brain, hindering the treatment of various neurological problems. As a result, numerous techniques are under development to improve drug delivery across the BBB. This review summarizes the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the barriers and the current drug delivery strategies for the brain. Although these methods provide many fascinating possibilities for targeting and brain delivery, only a few have progressed to the point where they can be used safely and effectively in humans. In addition, concerted efforts using a variety of other methodologies will enable the translation of preclinical findings into tangible clinical applications in the targeted delivery of drugs.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"52 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140517523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_71_23
Suganya M, KalaBarathi S
Background: Overweight and obesity have become serious health problems worldwide, with more than 1.5 billion adults classified as overweight according to the World Health Organization in 2020. Getting overweight after the gestational period is a common phenomenon and getting back to prepregnancy weight is a major challenging concern for mothers. This study aimed to explain the importance of maintaining body mass index (BMI) and evaluate the association of BMI with dietary intake and self-care health behaviors among mothers after the postpartum period. Methods: A mixed-method study was conducted among mothers after the postpartum period having children aged 2 to 10 years old. The current study was performed on a total of 17 mothers who were referred to comprehensive health service centers in Chennai city, Tamil Nadu, India. They were purposefully selected according to the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and analyzed using SPSS software for testing the significance of the P value. Results: The majority of mothers (88.23%) were in the category of overweight and obese. The mean age of mothers was 26.53 ± 5.21 years. BMI was strongly associated with the dietary intake of mothers, hindrance in dietary intake of mothers, and self-care activities of mothers since the P-value was <0.01 level of significance. Conclusion: This study reveals that the BMI of mothers has increased compared to prepregnancy. The adherence to the balanced dietary and self-care activity was very low. It is critically important to pay more attention to how individual, organizational, and societal interventions might assist mothers in attaining the target level of BMI.
{"title":"Association of body mass index with dietary intake and self-care health activities of mothers after postpartum: A mixed-method research in Chennai City, India","authors":"Suganya M, KalaBarathi S","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_71_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_71_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Overweight and obesity have become serious health problems worldwide, with more than 1.5 billion adults classified as overweight according to the World Health Organization in 2020. Getting overweight after the gestational period is a common phenomenon and getting back to prepregnancy weight is a major challenging concern for mothers. This study aimed to explain the importance of maintaining body mass index (BMI) and evaluate the association of BMI with dietary intake and self-care health behaviors among mothers after the postpartum period. Methods: A mixed-method study was conducted among mothers after the postpartum period having children aged 2 to 10 years old. The current study was performed on a total of 17 mothers who were referred to comprehensive health service centers in Chennai city, Tamil Nadu, India. They were purposefully selected according to the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and analyzed using SPSS software for testing the significance of the P value. Results: The majority of mothers (88.23%) were in the category of overweight and obese. The mean age of mothers was 26.53 ± 5.21 years. BMI was strongly associated with the dietary intake of mothers, hindrance in dietary intake of mothers, and self-care activities of mothers since the P-value was <0.01 level of significance. Conclusion: This study reveals that the BMI of mothers has increased compared to prepregnancy. The adherence to the balanced dietary and self-care activity was very low. It is critically important to pay more attention to how individual, organizational, and societal interventions might assist mothers in attaining the target level of BMI.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140517230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_74_23
Pranav Chaudhari, S. Acharya, Sunil Kumar, A. Wanjari, Rucha Sawant
Calcium homeostasis and appropriate calcium absorption depend on adequate levels of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency manifests as osteomalacia, rickets, and bone deformities involving the spine and other bones. Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are more likely to experience vitamin D deficiencies. In this case, we describe a 23-year-old male case with of sickle cell anemia with signs of severe vitamin D deficiency and complications of SCD. This case report emphasizes the importance of considering long-term vitamin D supplementation from an early age in individuals with SCD.
维生素 D 缺乏症表现为骨软化症、佝偻病以及脊柱和其他骨骼畸形。镰状细胞病（SCD）患者更容易出现维生素 D 缺乏症。在本病例中，我们描述了一名 23 岁男性镰状细胞性贫血患者严重缺乏维生素 D 的症状以及 SCD 的并发症。本病例报告强调了SCD患者从幼年开始考虑长期补充维生素D的重要性。
{"title":"Case of sickle cell disease with manifestations of severe vitamin D deficiency: A case report","authors":"Pranav Chaudhari, S. Acharya, Sunil Kumar, A. Wanjari, Rucha Sawant","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_74_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_74_23","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium homeostasis and appropriate calcium absorption depend on adequate levels of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency manifests as osteomalacia, rickets, and bone deformities involving the spine and other bones. Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are more likely to experience vitamin D deficiencies. In this case, we describe a 23-year-old male case with of sickle cell anemia with signs of severe vitamin D deficiency and complications of SCD. This case report emphasizes the importance of considering long-term vitamin D supplementation from an early age in individuals with SCD.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140520531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_73_23
A. M. Razmy, Ahamed Lebbe Failur Rahman, E. Lazarus, Thuvan Raheem Rajab, Mohamed Meerasahib Maroozathul Ilahi
Background: There is a general belief that patients with comorbidities have a higher risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and subsequent death. However, there are significant gaps in understanding these risks. Objective: The study aimed to assess the risk of COVID-19 among respiratory illness patients admitted to the hospital with comorbidities. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a hospital in Sri Lanka, where the records of 428 patients with respiratory illness were studied for COVID-19 infection and comorbidities from 2020 to 2022. Results: In this sample, 67.1% had been infected with COVID-19 and 51.6% had comorbidities. The age group ≥60 years had two times higher risk for comorbidities, and the most frequently occurring condition was hypertension (58.8%). Surprisingly, the infection rate of COVID-19 among patients with comorbidities was 28% lower compared to patients with no comorbidities, but the odds ratio (OR) for dying was greater once the patient with comorbidities was infected with COVID-19 (OR = 7.5). An increased risk of death was observed for COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus (OR = 2), hypertension (OR = 2.5), heart diseases (OR = 4.3), and renal diseases (OR = 2.4). Conclusion: It was surprising to find that the infection rate and risk of death due to COVID-19 were lower among patients with chronic lung diseases. This could be due to early death at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, less hospital admissions for patients with chronic lung diseases, or resistance to COVID-19, and these are factors that require further exploration.
{"title":"Risk of COVID-19 among patients with respiratory illnesses and comorbidities at Eastern Province of Sri Lanka: A retrospective study","authors":"A. M. Razmy, Ahamed Lebbe Failur Rahman, E. Lazarus, Thuvan Raheem Rajab, Mohamed Meerasahib Maroozathul Ilahi","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_73_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_73_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: There is a general belief that patients with comorbidities have a higher risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and subsequent death. However, there are significant gaps in understanding these risks. Objective: The study aimed to assess the risk of COVID-19 among respiratory illness patients admitted to the hospital with comorbidities. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a hospital in Sri Lanka, where the records of 428 patients with respiratory illness were studied for COVID-19 infection and comorbidities from 2020 to 2022. Results: In this sample, 67.1% had been infected with COVID-19 and 51.6% had comorbidities. The age group ≥60 years had two times higher risk for comorbidities, and the most frequently occurring condition was hypertension (58.8%). Surprisingly, the infection rate of COVID-19 among patients with comorbidities was 28% lower compared to patients with no comorbidities, but the odds ratio (OR) for dying was greater once the patient with comorbidities was infected with COVID-19 (OR = 7.5). An increased risk of death was observed for COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus (OR = 2), hypertension (OR = 2.5), heart diseases (OR = 4.3), and renal diseases (OR = 2.4). Conclusion: It was surprising to find that the infection rate and risk of death due to COVID-19 were lower among patients with chronic lung diseases. This could be due to early death at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, less hospital admissions for patients with chronic lung diseases, or resistance to COVID-19, and these are factors that require further exploration.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"152 5-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140516876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_77_23
Azaz Ahmad, Mohammad Ahmad, Manoj Kumar, N. Bhoi, Sueba Salmani, Akanksha Jangid, Badruddeen, J. Akhtar, Mohammad Irfan Khan, Javed Akhtar Ansari
Background: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age, with an incidence ranging from 5.4% to 77%, leading to significant morbidity and affecting quality of life. Earlier studies suggested that uterine fibroids are more likely to develop in those women with low levels of serum vitamin D. Subsequently, the objective of the current study was to investigate the association of serum vitamin D3 levels in premenopausal women with uterine fibroids. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Indira IVF Hospital and Fertility Clinics located in India. The study was conducted from April 2022 to November 2022. In this study, a total of 160 women [80 cases and 80 controls] were enrolled. Women diagnosed with at least one uterine fibroid measuring 2 cm in size through a transvaginal scan were considered as cases, in comparison to healthy controls. Results: The mean serum vitamin D3 levels for the case and control groups were 10.85 ± 3.34 ng/ml and 19.64 ± 5.50 ng/ml, respectively. Serum vitamin D3 was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in women with uterine fibroids compared to healthy controls. Additionally, a significant association was observed between serum vitamin D3 levels and the number of fibroids in the case group (P < 0.001). This indicates that as the level of serum vitamin D3 decreases, the number of fibroids increases gradually. Conclusion: Our study suggests that women with uterine fibroids tend to have low serum vitamin D3 concentrations. Therefore, serum vitamin D3 concentration needs to be considered along with other risk factors in the treatment of uterine fibroids..
{"title":"Low Serum Vitamin D3 Levels among Premenopausal Women with Uterine Fibroids: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Azaz Ahmad, Mohammad Ahmad, Manoj Kumar, N. Bhoi, Sueba Salmani, Akanksha Jangid, Badruddeen, J. Akhtar, Mohammad Irfan Khan, Javed Akhtar Ansari","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_77_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_77_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age, with an incidence ranging from 5.4% to 77%, leading to significant morbidity and affecting quality of life. Earlier studies suggested that uterine fibroids are more likely to develop in those women with low levels of serum vitamin D. Subsequently, the objective of the current study was to investigate the association of serum vitamin D3 levels in premenopausal women with uterine fibroids. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Indira IVF Hospital and Fertility Clinics located in India. The study was conducted from April 2022 to November 2022. In this study, a total of 160 women [80 cases and 80 controls] were enrolled. Women diagnosed with at least one uterine fibroid measuring 2 cm in size through a transvaginal scan were considered as cases, in comparison to healthy controls. Results: The mean serum vitamin D3 levels for the case and control groups were 10.85 ± 3.34 ng/ml and 19.64 ± 5.50 ng/ml, respectively. Serum vitamin D3 was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in women with uterine fibroids compared to healthy controls. Additionally, a significant association was observed between serum vitamin D3 levels and the number of fibroids in the case group (P < 0.001). This indicates that as the level of serum vitamin D3 decreases, the number of fibroids increases gradually. Conclusion: Our study suggests that women with uterine fibroids tend to have low serum vitamin D3 concentrations. Therefore, serum vitamin D3 concentration needs to be considered along with other risk factors in the treatment of uterine fibroids..","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140519818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_79_23
B. Devi
Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, are the leading cause of mortality in the world. This invisible epidemic is an under-appreciated cause of poverty and hinders the economic development of many countries. The burden is growing − the number of people, families, and communities afflicted is increasing. Aim: To determine the efficacy of the stroke empowerment program (SEP) on knowledge among caregivers of patients with stroke. To associate the knowledge of stroke with the demographic variables of caregivers. Methods: A quantitative research method was adopted. Caregivers of patients with stroke who fulfill eligibility criteria were chosen. The sample size was 85 caregivers in the study, and 85 caregivers in the control groups were recruited by the lottery method. SEP was implemented for the study group caregivers. The posttest assessments were taken on the 30th, 90th, and 180th days for both groups. Results: The comparison of knowledge on stroke between the study and control group caregivers during the pretest, the mean scores were 6.35 in the study group and 6.89 in the control group, and statistically, there was no significant difference in the pretest. The posttest knowledge mean score was 11.46, 11.68, and 11.52 in the study group and 7.42, 7.58, and 7.48 in the control group during posttests I, II, and III, respectively. The mean score was higher in the study group than the control group caregivers during posttests and was statistically significant at the P < 0.01 level. Conclusion: Findings concluded that the combination of interventions like structured teaching, an information booklet on “Life after stroke,” telephonic reminders, and reinforcement has a positive impact on stroke knowledge among caregivers of stroke survivors.
{"title":"Efficacy of Stroke Empowerment Program on Stroke Knowledge among Caregivers with Stroke Survivors","authors":"B. Devi","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_79_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_79_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, are the leading cause of mortality in the world. This invisible epidemic is an under-appreciated cause of poverty and hinders the economic development of many countries. The burden is growing − the number of people, families, and communities afflicted is increasing. Aim: To determine the efficacy of the stroke empowerment program (SEP) on knowledge among caregivers of patients with stroke. To associate the knowledge of stroke with the demographic variables of caregivers. Methods: A quantitative research method was adopted. Caregivers of patients with stroke who fulfill eligibility criteria were chosen. The sample size was 85 caregivers in the study, and 85 caregivers in the control groups were recruited by the lottery method. SEP was implemented for the study group caregivers. The posttest assessments were taken on the 30th, 90th, and 180th days for both groups. Results: The comparison of knowledge on stroke between the study and control group caregivers during the pretest, the mean scores were 6.35 in the study group and 6.89 in the control group, and statistically, there was no significant difference in the pretest. The posttest knowledge mean score was 11.46, 11.68, and 11.52 in the study group and 7.42, 7.58, and 7.48 in the control group during posttests I, II, and III, respectively. The mean score was higher in the study group than the control group caregivers during posttests and was statistically significant at the P < 0.01 level. Conclusion: Findings concluded that the combination of interventions like structured teaching, an information booklet on “Life after stroke,” telephonic reminders, and reinforcement has a positive impact on stroke knowledge among caregivers of stroke survivors.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140517671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_81_23
A. Amirtharaj, Malarvizhi Suresh, Navaneetha Murugesan, Sr. Mony
Background: Change is the only constant in life, and humans continuously strive to cope and adapt based on the changes in their health (physical and mental) status. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD’s) are the leading cause of cardiac emergencies that cause enormous impact on patients, families, and health systems prompting processes and strategies for coping with their health status changes and their aftermath effect. Aim: A discussion of the conceptual framework of transition theory applicable to the study to assess the impact of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) duration on the functional outcome among patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). Methodology: The transition theory, a middle-range and situation specific theory is applied to the prospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in South India. The outcomes were measured using the cerebral performance category (CPC). Results: The theory identifies that cardiac arrest is a situational transition affected by the chronicity of the disease as described with unfavorable outcome with CPC score of 3–5. The fear of death, dependency state of the patient in an unfavorable outcome based on CPC, and caregiver burden on family due to the prolonged duration of acuity of the disease or death of the patient are identified as properties in this theory. Based on the study, the personal meaning includes lifestyle modifications, the impact of spiritualism, financial stability, and the educational qualifications of the patient and family identified as personal meanings that play a major role as facilitators and inhibitors. The patterns and responses in this study identified with follow-up appointments, confidence in caring for themselves, and coping for themselves among the survived cardiac arrest patients. The nursing therapeutics identified from the study are risks identified from the comprehensive assessment, readiness to intervene and implement nursing actions, educating the patient and family based on the transition, and enhancing the creation of a healthy environment. Conclusions: The transition theory is holistically applicable for patients with cardiac arrest, identifying the process and changes adapted by the patient and family with the progression of the disease and the roles adapted by the family members in the event of the patient’s death.
{"title":"“Application of Transitions Nursing Theory among Patients with Cardiac Arrests to Assess the Impact of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Duration on Functional Outcome—A Conceptual Framework”","authors":"A. Amirtharaj, Malarvizhi Suresh, Navaneetha Murugesan, Sr. Mony","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_81_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_81_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Change is the only constant in life, and humans continuously strive to cope and adapt based on the changes in their health (physical and mental) status. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD’s) are the leading cause of cardiac emergencies that cause enormous impact on patients, families, and health systems prompting processes and strategies for coping with their health status changes and their aftermath effect. Aim: A discussion of the conceptual framework of transition theory applicable to the study to assess the impact of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) duration on the functional outcome among patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). Methodology: The transition theory, a middle-range and situation specific theory is applied to the prospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in South India. The outcomes were measured using the cerebral performance category (CPC). Results: The theory identifies that cardiac arrest is a situational transition affected by the chronicity of the disease as described with unfavorable outcome with CPC score of 3–5. The fear of death, dependency state of the patient in an unfavorable outcome based on CPC, and caregiver burden on family due to the prolonged duration of acuity of the disease or death of the patient are identified as properties in this theory. Based on the study, the personal meaning includes lifestyle modifications, the impact of spiritualism, financial stability, and the educational qualifications of the patient and family identified as personal meanings that play a major role as facilitators and inhibitors. The patterns and responses in this study identified with follow-up appointments, confidence in caring for themselves, and coping for themselves among the survived cardiac arrest patients. The nursing therapeutics identified from the study are risks identified from the comprehensive assessment, readiness to intervene and implement nursing actions, educating the patient and family based on the transition, and enhancing the creation of a healthy environment. Conclusions: The transition theory is holistically applicable for patients with cardiac arrest, identifying the process and changes adapted by the patient and family with the progression of the disease and the roles adapted by the family members in the event of the patient’s death.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"4 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140523402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_69_23
Paramjot Panda
Background: Despite India’s impressive economic growth and the implementation of a large-scale antimalnutrition program, the country continues to face the highest levels of child malnutrition globally. Among the affected children, half of those under the age of 3 years, in both tribal and nontribal populations, are underweight, while a third of the wealthiest children experience overnutrition. Economic inequality plays a significant role in contributing to malnutrition in both tribal and nontribal communities. Therefore, utilizing data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (2019–21), the present study aims to examine the socioeconomic disparities in childhood malnutrition across all 640 districts of India, with a specific focus on tribal and nontribal populations. Methods: The analysis includes a sample of children aged 0 to 59 months from tribal and nontribal communities. Sociodemographic, personal, clinical, and environmental factors are considered as independent variables. The outcomes of interest include stunting, wasting, and underweight, which are assessed using binary variables. Linear modeling are used to determine the associations between the independent variables and child undernutrition. Results: The study reported a negative Z value (−4.763), indicating greater overall inequality in the tribal population compared to the nontribal population. In terms of odds ratios, females had lower odds of being underweight in both tribal and nontribal populations. Children aged 1 to 2 years had higher odds of being underweight compared to those aged 1 year. The duration of breastfeeding showed varying associations, with breastfeeding for 7 to 12 months increased the risk of underweight in nontribal areas, while longer durations (13–24 and >24 months) were associated with higher chances of wasting in nontribal areas. Higher maternal age at first birth, higher education levels, and sufficient antenatal care visits were protective factors against underweight in both populations. A higher wealth index consistently correlated with reduced odds of underweight in both tribal and nontribal populations. Institutional delivery was associated with higher odds of underweight in tribal areas but lower odds in nontribal areas. Conclusion: The study concludes that in order to address the socioeconomic disparities contributing to stunting, wasting, and undernutrition among tribal populations, targeted interventions are required. These interventions should focus on improving access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities, particularly among tribal communities. Additionally, policies should aim to reduce income inequality and promote inclusive economic development, ensuring that the benefits of progress are equitably distributed across all population groups. By addressing these socioeconomic factors, it is possible to improve the nutritional status and overall well-being of tribal populations.
{"title":"Socioeconomic and regional patterns of child nutritional inequality between tribal and non-tribal communities in India: An analysis based on National Family Health Survey 5 (2019–21)","authors":"Paramjot Panda","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_69_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_69_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Despite India’s impressive economic growth and the implementation of a large-scale antimalnutrition program, the country continues to face the highest levels of child malnutrition globally. Among the affected children, half of those under the age of 3 years, in both tribal and nontribal populations, are underweight, while a third of the wealthiest children experience overnutrition. Economic inequality plays a significant role in contributing to malnutrition in both tribal and nontribal communities. Therefore, utilizing data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (2019–21), the present study aims to examine the socioeconomic disparities in childhood malnutrition across all 640 districts of India, with a specific focus on tribal and nontribal populations. Methods: The analysis includes a sample of children aged 0 to 59 months from tribal and nontribal communities. Sociodemographic, personal, clinical, and environmental factors are considered as independent variables. The outcomes of interest include stunting, wasting, and underweight, which are assessed using binary variables. Linear modeling are used to determine the associations between the independent variables and child undernutrition. Results: The study reported a negative Z value (−4.763), indicating greater overall inequality in the tribal population compared to the nontribal population. In terms of odds ratios, females had lower odds of being underweight in both tribal and nontribal populations. Children aged 1 to 2 years had higher odds of being underweight compared to those aged 1 year. The duration of breastfeeding showed varying associations, with breastfeeding for 7 to 12 months increased the risk of underweight in nontribal areas, while longer durations (13–24 and >24 months) were associated with higher chances of wasting in nontribal areas. Higher maternal age at first birth, higher education levels, and sufficient antenatal care visits were protective factors against underweight in both populations. A higher wealth index consistently correlated with reduced odds of underweight in both tribal and nontribal populations. Institutional delivery was associated with higher odds of underweight in tribal areas but lower odds in nontribal areas. Conclusion: The study concludes that in order to address the socioeconomic disparities contributing to stunting, wasting, and undernutrition among tribal populations, targeted interventions are required. These interventions should focus on improving access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities, particularly among tribal communities. Additionally, policies should aim to reduce income inequality and promote inclusive economic development, ensuring that the benefits of progress are equitably distributed across all population groups. By addressing these socioeconomic factors, it is possible to improve the nutritional status and overall well-being of tribal populations.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140524982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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