Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_76_22
Sehad N. Alarifi
Aim: In this study, we assessed the adequacy of dietary fiber intake among female undergraduate students in Saudi Arabia. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was based on a self-reported questionnaire answered by 161 female volunteer undergraduates at Shaqra University (Female Community Colleges, Al-Quwayiyah city). Their fiber intake and physical activity levels were assessed against their body mass index (BMI) and academic levels. Methods and Material: Fiber intake was measured using a short food frequency questionnaire. Physical activity was measured using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. According to the standard scoring, level of physical activity was classified into three categories: low, moderate, and high. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics were used to characterize variables made focused in this study. Some data were categorical in nature, and frequency counts (f) and percentage (%) highlighted the eventual results including the utilization of the crosstabulation technique which utilized also mean and standard deviation for scale measurements. Accordingly, Kruskal-Wallis H Test was utilized in the treatment of categorical variables while variance analysis was utilized for those with scale measures. Results: It is well documented that fiber is beneficial for health and can prevent various diseases. Therefore, the results show that most participants attended the Humanities College (72.0%), followed by the Community College and Applied Medical Sciences College, with 19.3% and 8.7%, respectively. A proportion of 41.6% of the students were in their second year of college. We showed that most participants engaged in high activity levels. The BMI of 46.0% of the individuals was within normal levels. A proportion of 75.8% of females had a fiber intake of less than 18 g/day, which is considered a low level. Low fiber consumption had positive associations with college affiliation, academic levels, and BMI. Conclusion: Although fiber consumption was poor among the participants, most of them were highly active. This study indicates a need to raise awareness among university students of the adequate levels of fiber intake and the associated health benefits.
{"title":"Dietary fiber intake and physical activity incidence among Saudi University female students","authors":"Sehad N. Alarifi","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_76_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_76_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: In this study, we assessed the adequacy of dietary fiber intake among female undergraduate students in Saudi Arabia. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was based on a self-reported questionnaire answered by 161 female volunteer undergraduates at Shaqra University (Female Community Colleges, Al-Quwayiyah city). Their fiber intake and physical activity levels were assessed against their body mass index (BMI) and academic levels. Methods and Material: Fiber intake was measured using a short food frequency questionnaire. Physical activity was measured using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. According to the standard scoring, level of physical activity was classified into three categories: low, moderate, and high. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics were used to characterize variables made focused in this study. Some data were categorical in nature, and frequency counts (f) and percentage (%) highlighted the eventual results including the utilization of the crosstabulation technique which utilized also mean and standard deviation for scale measurements. Accordingly, Kruskal-Wallis H Test was utilized in the treatment of categorical variables while variance analysis was utilized for those with scale measures. Results: It is well documented that fiber is beneficial for health and can prevent various diseases. Therefore, the results show that most participants attended the Humanities College (72.0%), followed by the Community College and Applied Medical Sciences College, with 19.3% and 8.7%, respectively. A proportion of 41.6% of the students were in their second year of college. We showed that most participants engaged in high activity levels. The BMI of 46.0% of the individuals was within normal levels. A proportion of 75.8% of females had a fiber intake of less than 18 g/day, which is considered a low level. Low fiber consumption had positive associations with college affiliation, academic levels, and BMI. Conclusion: Although fiber consumption was poor among the participants, most of them were highly active. This study indicates a need to raise awareness among university students of the adequate levels of fiber intake and the associated health benefits.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":"56 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80466670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_88_22
Shubham Nimkar, A. Ahuja, S. Sushanth Kumar, S. Acharya
The symptoms associated with empty sella syndrome (ESS) include headache, giddiness, vomiting, visual field deficits, and endocrine problems, as well as the radiological appearance of an enlarged sella turcica. This case report highlights a 45-year-old female who had a COVID-19 infection 2 months back and presented with chronic headache, giddiness, and lethargy having persistent hyponatremia later diagnosed as empty sella syndrome on brain magnetic resonance imaging. In this case, we tried to correlate all of these clinical and radiological features as COVID-19 sequelae due to post-Covid hypothalamic-pituitary axis dysfunction.
{"title":"Hyponatremia in Empty Sella Syndrome: Is it a Covid Sequelae?","authors":"Shubham Nimkar, A. Ahuja, S. Sushanth Kumar, S. Acharya","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_88_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_88_22","url":null,"abstract":"The symptoms associated with empty sella syndrome (ESS) include headache, giddiness, vomiting, visual field deficits, and endocrine problems, as well as the radiological appearance of an enlarged sella turcica. This case report highlights a 45-year-old female who had a COVID-19 infection 2 months back and presented with chronic headache, giddiness, and lethargy having persistent hyponatremia later diagnosed as empty sella syndrome on brain magnetic resonance imaging. In this case, we tried to correlate all of these clinical and radiological features as COVID-19 sequelae due to post-Covid hypothalamic-pituitary axis dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"108 1","pages":"74 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87631331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_77_22
Preetha S. Palaninathan, Arul Kamalabai Raveendran, Jayachandran Swaminathan Kesavan
Vitex negundo is an aromatic shrub distributed worldwide with several medicinal properties. The alarming and rapid increase in the antimicrobial drug resistance globally has led to the development of alternative therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance. Hence, the present study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of the acetone, benzene, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and methanolic leaf extracts of V. negundo against Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) using in vitro studies. The sensitivity test against the standard antibiotics showed that the tested K. pneumoniae was multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Based on the results of the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) bioassay, ethyl acetate was selected as the suitable solvent for extraction of V. negundo leaves. The zone of inhibition (ZoI) was observed starting from the concentration of 50 μg/mL for the V. negundo ethyl acetate leaf extract for the selected MDR bacteria K. pneumoniae. The highest ZoI was observed as 18 mm at the concentration of 200 mg/mL. Ethyl acetate leaf extract of V. negundo also expressed MIC value of 1.5 μg/mL against the test pathogen MDR K. pneumoniae. The inhibitory effect of the ethyl acetate leaf extract of V. negundo leaves was apparent from 40 minutes indicating time dependant inhibition or killing of the MDR K. pneumoniae. The results of the present study demonstrate the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate leaf extract of V. negundo, which may be attributed to the presence of several secondary metabolites in the extract.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Vitex negundo Leaf Extract against Antibiotic Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: An In Vitro Pharmacological Study","authors":"Preetha S. Palaninathan, Arul Kamalabai Raveendran, Jayachandran Swaminathan Kesavan","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_77_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_77_22","url":null,"abstract":"Vitex negundo is an aromatic shrub distributed worldwide with several medicinal properties. The alarming and rapid increase in the antimicrobial drug resistance globally has led to the development of alternative therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance. Hence, the present study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of the acetone, benzene, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and methanolic leaf extracts of V. negundo against Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) using in vitro studies. The sensitivity test against the standard antibiotics showed that the tested K. pneumoniae was multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Based on the results of the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) bioassay, ethyl acetate was selected as the suitable solvent for extraction of V. negundo leaves. The zone of inhibition (ZoI) was observed starting from the concentration of 50 μg/mL for the V. negundo ethyl acetate leaf extract for the selected MDR bacteria K. pneumoniae. The highest ZoI was observed as 18 mm at the concentration of 200 mg/mL. Ethyl acetate leaf extract of V. negundo also expressed MIC value of 1.5 μg/mL against the test pathogen MDR K. pneumoniae. The inhibitory effect of the ethyl acetate leaf extract of V. negundo leaves was apparent from 40 minutes indicating time dependant inhibition or killing of the MDR K. pneumoniae. The results of the present study demonstrate the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate leaf extract of V. negundo, which may be attributed to the presence of several secondary metabolites in the extract.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"42 1","pages":"319 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85991285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_65_22
A. Ahmad, Anosh Intikhab, Juweria Abid, S. Iqbal
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by poor social interaction, repetitive behavior, learning difficulties, cognitive issues, and unusual eating patterns. Different factors including genetic and environmental variables have been identified to increase the risk of developing ASD. Objective: The main objective of the present review is to investigate the dietary approaches and modifications to reduce the intricacies related to ASD. Results: Studies included in this review suggested that abnormalities in the gut microbiota are involved in the pathogenesis and severity of the disease. Medical nutrition therapy for ASD consists of excluding harmful food components such as gluten, casein, processed foods, and excessive sugars and increasing the consumption of omega-3 fats, vitamins and minerals, probiotics, and antioxidants. Furthermore, awareness regarding food labels might help to avoid food allergens in diet. Conclusion: Active dietary treatments including the use of dietary supplements and elimination of processed foods appear to reduce the complexities of ASD. Furthermore, support of health care professionals and adopting public health approaches might help to prevent adverse outcomes related to ASD. Future research is required to determine the prevalence of ASD and related outcomes in low/middle income countries as this area is highly neglected.
{"title":"Dietary Approaches and Nutritional Complexities of Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"A. Ahmad, Anosh Intikhab, Juweria Abid, S. Iqbal","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_65_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_65_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by poor social interaction, repetitive behavior, learning difficulties, cognitive issues, and unusual eating patterns. Different factors including genetic and environmental variables have been identified to increase the risk of developing ASD. Objective: The main objective of the present review is to investigate the dietary approaches and modifications to reduce the intricacies related to ASD. Results: Studies included in this review suggested that abnormalities in the gut microbiota are involved in the pathogenesis and severity of the disease. Medical nutrition therapy for ASD consists of excluding harmful food components such as gluten, casein, processed foods, and excessive sugars and increasing the consumption of omega-3 fats, vitamins and minerals, probiotics, and antioxidants. Furthermore, awareness regarding food labels might help to avoid food allergens in diet. Conclusion: Active dietary treatments including the use of dietary supplements and elimination of processed foods appear to reduce the complexities of ASD. Furthermore, support of health care professionals and adopting public health approaches might help to prevent adverse outcomes related to ASD. Future research is required to determine the prevalence of ASD and related outcomes in low/middle income countries as this area is highly neglected.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"6 1","pages":"221 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75186776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_50_22
Malak Angor, Areen Nawasreh
Background: The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted Jordanian society, particularly on health. Aims: This study examined the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on Jordanian society’s dietary habits and self-medication practices. Methods: We surveyed 1252 Jordanians of both genders between the ages of 18 and 65 years by questionnaire. Three questions were asked to evaluate the frequency of foods/drinks consumption, general eating habits, and self-medication practice of individuals of both genders during the lockdown. Results: Dietary habits and food quality affected weight (increase or decrease) by 69.5% during the lockdown. The highest percentages of “very high” consumption per week for fruits, processed juices, and fried foods were 37.6 %, 36.7%, and 29.4%, respectively. The highest percentage of “very little” consumption per week for drinking water, milk, and soft drinks were 12.5%, 8.5%, and 7.4%, respectively. The percentage of respondents who had taken medicine without a doctor’s prescription was 84.7%. The highest percentage (74%) was in using self-medication as a preventive measure against the coronavirus, followed by treating a cold/flu (61.4%), in both genders and age groups. The largest percentage (78.5%) was for using paracetamol, followed by ibuprofen and azithromycin (78.1% and 77.1%), respectively. Conclusion: Dietary habits and the quality of the foods consumed during lockdown affected participants’ weight (increase or decrease) by 69.5%. The percentage of participants who self-medicated was 84.7%.
{"title":"Effect of Lockdown in the COVID-19 Pandemic on Dietary Habits and Self-Medication Practice in People Living in Jordan","authors":"Malak Angor, Areen Nawasreh","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_50_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_50_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted Jordanian society, particularly on health. Aims: This study examined the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on Jordanian society’s dietary habits and self-medication practices. Methods: We surveyed 1252 Jordanians of both genders between the ages of 18 and 65 years by questionnaire. Three questions were asked to evaluate the frequency of foods/drinks consumption, general eating habits, and self-medication practice of individuals of both genders during the lockdown. Results: Dietary habits and food quality affected weight (increase or decrease) by 69.5% during the lockdown. The highest percentages of “very high” consumption per week for fruits, processed juices, and fried foods were 37.6 %, 36.7%, and 29.4%, respectively. The highest percentage of “very little” consumption per week for drinking water, milk, and soft drinks were 12.5%, 8.5%, and 7.4%, respectively. The percentage of respondents who had taken medicine without a doctor’s prescription was 84.7%. The highest percentage (74%) was in using self-medication as a preventive measure against the coronavirus, followed by treating a cold/flu (61.4%), in both genders and age groups. The largest percentage (78.5%) was for using paracetamol, followed by ibuprofen and azithromycin (78.1% and 77.1%), respectively. Conclusion: Dietary habits and the quality of the foods consumed during lockdown affected participants’ weight (increase or decrease) by 69.5%. The percentage of participants who self-medicated was 84.7%.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":"263 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85533827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_64_22
Shamsa Al Awar, Howaida Khair, Nawal Osman, T. Ucenic, G. Sallam, Sara Maki, Aishwarya Ganesh
Objectives: While there is a plethora of women’s studies conducted on psychosocial variables such as mental health, quality of life, and burden of care, there is a dearth of studies on the dimension of “wellness,” particularly from the Arabian Gulf population. This study was designed to investigate perceptions of personal wellness among women residing in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) using six dimensions of wellness, namely; Spiritual, Emotional, Intellectual, Occupational, Physical, and Social. The related aim was to examine the relationship between perceived wellness and socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: This online cross-sectional study was carried out from August 2021 to October 2021 among women residing in the UAE. The outcome measure included the National Wellness Institute’s Wellness Focus Survey Tool, which was adapted to suit local dialect and social modesty. The newly adapted questionnaire was translated into Arabic. The study also included pertinent socio-demographic variables. Results: A total of 325 women living in Al Ain, UAE participated in the study. Out of the participants, 60.8% were Emiratis, aged between 31 and 40 years (37.3%) and married (57.8%). The participants were mainly employed (59.7%) and most of them lived in private (61.5%) accommodation. The analysis reveals the following ranking order of the six dimensions of wellness; Spiritual (mean = 4.30, SD = 0.84), followed by Social (mean = 4.05, SD = 0.85), Occupational (mean = 3.93, SD = 1.05), Emotional (mean = 3.76, SD = 0.91), Intellectual (mean = 3.73, SD = 1.01), and Physical (mean = 2.41, SD = 1.04). Among the women’s characteristics, age and marital status were found to be significantly associated with the Emotional Dimension. Moreover, nationality and accommodation were significantly associated with the Intellectual Dimension. Overall, using factor analysis of the instrument, we found that only one component was sufficient to adequately explain either the Occupational or Spiritual Dimensions, while two components were needed to explain each of the following; Intellectual, Emotional, Social, and Physical dimensions of wellness. Conclusion: Wellness is of great importance to UAE women, with significant associations with some socio-demographic characteristics. The Spiritual Dimension, in particular, was perceived to be of highest importance, closely followed by Social, Occupational, Emotional, Intellectual, and Physical dimensions. In particular, age and marital status had significant association with the Emotional Dimension, while nationality and accommodation were significantly associated with the Intellectual Dimension. These findings are of importance to future endeavors that are aimed towards the betterment of the quality of life of women in the UAE, by indicating which spheres of wellness are prioritized and which ones require further scrutiny.
{"title":"Perceived Wellness Measured by the National Wellness Institute’s Wellness Focus Survey Tool among Women in Al Ain, UAE: A Sentinel Study","authors":"Shamsa Al Awar, Howaida Khair, Nawal Osman, T. Ucenic, G. Sallam, Sara Maki, Aishwarya Ganesh","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_64_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_64_22","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: While there is a plethora of women’s studies conducted on psychosocial variables such as mental health, quality of life, and burden of care, there is a dearth of studies on the dimension of “wellness,” particularly from the Arabian Gulf population. This study was designed to investigate perceptions of personal wellness among women residing in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) using six dimensions of wellness, namely; Spiritual, Emotional, Intellectual, Occupational, Physical, and Social. The related aim was to examine the relationship between perceived wellness and socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: This online cross-sectional study was carried out from August 2021 to October 2021 among women residing in the UAE. The outcome measure included the National Wellness Institute’s Wellness Focus Survey Tool, which was adapted to suit local dialect and social modesty. The newly adapted questionnaire was translated into Arabic. The study also included pertinent socio-demographic variables. Results: A total of 325 women living in Al Ain, UAE participated in the study. Out of the participants, 60.8% were Emiratis, aged between 31 and 40 years (37.3%) and married (57.8%). The participants were mainly employed (59.7%) and most of them lived in private (61.5%) accommodation. The analysis reveals the following ranking order of the six dimensions of wellness; Spiritual (mean = 4.30, SD = 0.84), followed by Social (mean = 4.05, SD = 0.85), Occupational (mean = 3.93, SD = 1.05), Emotional (mean = 3.76, SD = 0.91), Intellectual (mean = 3.73, SD = 1.01), and Physical (mean = 2.41, SD = 1.04). Among the women’s characteristics, age and marital status were found to be significantly associated with the Emotional Dimension. Moreover, nationality and accommodation were significantly associated with the Intellectual Dimension. Overall, using factor analysis of the instrument, we found that only one component was sufficient to adequately explain either the Occupational or Spiritual Dimensions, while two components were needed to explain each of the following; Intellectual, Emotional, Social, and Physical dimensions of wellness. Conclusion: Wellness is of great importance to UAE women, with significant associations with some socio-demographic characteristics. The Spiritual Dimension, in particular, was perceived to be of highest importance, closely followed by Social, Occupational, Emotional, Intellectual, and Physical dimensions. In particular, age and marital status had significant association with the Emotional Dimension, while nationality and accommodation were significantly associated with the Intellectual Dimension. These findings are of importance to future endeavors that are aimed towards the betterment of the quality of life of women in the UAE, by indicating which spheres of wellness are prioritized and which ones require further scrutiny.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"282 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83122374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_59_22
A. Al-Hindawi, Louai Al Tabaa, Ahmed Gebril Ali, Y. Waly, Mohamed Shelig, M. Hussain, A. Al-Sabti
Objectives: Examine the prevalence of cognitive impairment within Wave 1 of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (TILDA) cohort and its relationship with comorbidities and lifestyle factors. The effect of cognitive impairment on quality-of-life scores was also investigated. Methods: A secondary cross-sectional analysis of data from Wave 1 of the TILDA cohort was undertaken. Results: Prevalence of cognitive impairment ranged between 5.8% and 51.2%, depending on the instrument used (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] and Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA], respectively). Having hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36–2.08), being a past or current smoker (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.01–1.55) and having low physical activity (OR 2.04; 95% CI 1.64–2.53) increased the odds of being classified as cognitively impaired (MMSE <25). Similarly, being obese (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.17–1.47), having hypertension (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.27–1.57), and having diabetes (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.40–2.09) increased the odds of cognitive impairment (MoCA <26). High cholesterol was associated with a protective effect (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.63–0.98) under MMSE <25 classification while, problematic alcohol behavior reduced the odds of being classified as cognitively impaired using MoCA <26 by 35% (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.55–0.76). Depression was not associated with increased odds of cognitive decline. Lastly, mean quality of life (QoL) scores decreases as severity of cognitive impairment increases from normal to moderate cognitive impairment (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Several modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline were identified, including smoking, low physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Policies aimed at reducing the prevalence of these risk factors in the population might reduce the impact of cognitive decline on public health.
目的:研究爱尔兰老龄化纵向研究(TILDA)队列第1波中认知障碍的患病率及其与合并症和生活方式因素的关系。认知障碍对生活质量评分的影响也被调查。方法:对TILDA队列第1波的数据进行二次横断面分析。结果:认知障碍的患病率在5.8%至51.2%之间，这取决于所使用的工具(分别是简易精神状态检查[MMSE]和蒙特利尔认知评估[MoCA])。有高血压(优势比[OR] 1.68;95%可信区间[CI] 1.36-2.08)，过去或现在吸烟(or 1.25;95% CI 1.01-1.55)和低体力活动(OR 2.04;95% CI 1.64-2.53)增加了被归类为认知障碍的几率(MMSE <25)。同样，肥胖(OR 1.31;95% CI 1.17-1.47)，有高血压(OR 1.42;95% CI 1.27-1.57)，并患有糖尿病(OR 1.71;95% CI 1.40-2.09)增加认知障碍的几率(MoCA <26)。高胆固醇与保护作用相关(OR 0.79;95% CI 0.63-0.98)，而问题酒精行为将MoCA <26分类为认知障碍的几率降低了35% (OR 0.65;95% ci 0.55-0.76)。抑郁症与认知能力下降的几率增加无关。最后，随着认知障碍的严重程度从正常到中度的增加，平均生活质量(QoL)得分下降(P < 0.001)。结论:认知能力下降的几个可改变的危险因素被确定，包括吸烟、低体力活动、高血压、糖尿病和肥胖。旨在降低这些风险因素在人群中的流行率的政策可能会减少认知能力下降对公共卫生的影响。
{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Cognitive Impairment and its Effect on Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the TILDA Cohort","authors":"A. Al-Hindawi, Louai Al Tabaa, Ahmed Gebril Ali, Y. Waly, Mohamed Shelig, M. Hussain, A. Al-Sabti","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_59_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_59_22","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Examine the prevalence of cognitive impairment within Wave 1 of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (TILDA) cohort and its relationship with comorbidities and lifestyle factors. The effect of cognitive impairment on quality-of-life scores was also investigated. Methods: A secondary cross-sectional analysis of data from Wave 1 of the TILDA cohort was undertaken. Results: Prevalence of cognitive impairment ranged between 5.8% and 51.2%, depending on the instrument used (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] and Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA], respectively). Having hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36–2.08), being a past or current smoker (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.01–1.55) and having low physical activity (OR 2.04; 95% CI 1.64–2.53) increased the odds of being classified as cognitively impaired (MMSE <25). Similarly, being obese (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.17–1.47), having hypertension (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.27–1.57), and having diabetes (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.40–2.09) increased the odds of cognitive impairment (MoCA <26). High cholesterol was associated with a protective effect (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.63–0.98) under MMSE <25 classification while, problematic alcohol behavior reduced the odds of being classified as cognitively impaired using MoCA <26 by 35% (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.55–0.76). Depression was not associated with increased odds of cognitive decline. Lastly, mean quality of life (QoL) scores decreases as severity of cognitive impairment increases from normal to moderate cognitive impairment (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Several modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline were identified, including smoking, low physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Policies aimed at reducing the prevalence of these risk factors in the population might reduce the impact of cognitive decline on public health.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"4 1","pages":"305 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72899425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_41_22
Kanagaraj Kalaiarasi, B. Raja, D. Saranya, Ravi Dhakshinamoorthi
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the antihypertensive and antioxidant potential of caffeic acid-loaded silver nanoparticles (CA-AgNPs) in Nω −Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) induced hypertension in male albino Wistar rats. Materials and methods: The rats have randomly divided into four groups, that is, Group I Control rats, Group II rats injected with CA-AgNPs, Group III L-NAME rats, and Group IV −L-NAME+ CA-AgNPs. Hypertension was induced in rats by oral administration of L-NAME (40 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in drinking water daily for 4 weeks. Rats were given intraperitoneal injection of CA-AgNPs (0.5 mg/kg/ml). Results: The results showed that L-NAME administration caused a sustained increase in blood pressure, levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), and a significant decrease in the activities of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), and levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E in the tissues such as heart, aorta, liver, and kidney. Above pathological changes were considerably restored with the treatment of CA-AgNPs. Conclusions: The result confirms CA-AgNPs have enough potential to narrow down hypertension and oxidative stress in L-NAME hypertensive rats.
{"title":"Actions of Caffeic Acid Loaded-Silver Nanoparticles on Blood Pressure, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants in Nitric Oxide Deficient Hypertensive Rats","authors":"Kanagaraj Kalaiarasi, B. Raja, D. Saranya, Ravi Dhakshinamoorthi","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_41_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_41_22","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the antihypertensive and antioxidant potential of caffeic acid-loaded silver nanoparticles (CA-AgNPs) in Nω −Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) induced hypertension in male albino Wistar rats. Materials and methods: The rats have randomly divided into four groups, that is, Group I Control rats, Group II rats injected with CA-AgNPs, Group III L-NAME rats, and Group IV −L-NAME+ CA-AgNPs. Hypertension was induced in rats by oral administration of L-NAME (40 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in drinking water daily for 4 weeks. Rats were given intraperitoneal injection of CA-AgNPs (0.5 mg/kg/ml). Results: The results showed that L-NAME administration caused a sustained increase in blood pressure, levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), and a significant decrease in the activities of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), and levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E in the tissues such as heart, aorta, liver, and kidney. Above pathological changes were considerably restored with the treatment of CA-AgNPs. Conclusions: The result confirms CA-AgNPs have enough potential to narrow down hypertension and oxidative stress in L-NAME hypertensive rats.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"46 1","pages":"275 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90645291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_49_22
Abhilasha Tomer, A. Sarkar, H. Chitme
Background: Life during the COVID-19 pandemic was miserable, most of the people were in a panic situation either because of being affected by COVID-19 or losing their near and dear ones. Majority of Indian population was in the trauma condition impacting physical and mental health directly or indirectly either due to the infection or repeated lockdowns. Aim: The present study was carried out to gain knowledge of people’s physical and mental health such as anxiety, depression, and stress during the period of the pandemic in the year 2021. Material and methods: The standard questionnaires were used to conduct the online survey using google form. The questionnaire contains five sections and collects the information on anxiety, stress, depression, and physical activities. The survey started on May 23, 2021, and ended on June 2, 2021 by circulating the link through emails, WhatsApp, and messages. Result: A total of 291 people participated in this survey process and all responses were analyzed, out of which 165 were men and 126 were women. It was calculated that 59.4% of men and 40.6% of women were affected by COVID-19. Total 49.5% of people affected by COVID-19 were in favor of improvement in physical and mental performance while taking dietary supplements. Whereas 19.8% denied the statement and 28.7% of people saw slight changes in their health status. Conclusions: During the pandemic people were mostly affected by anxiety, depression, stress, and physical health and to cope with these situations dietary supplements surely be the utilitarian for the society. Through this study, it was found that if a person includes both exercise and nutraceutical products in their lifestyle, there will be a chance of living a sustainable and healthy life.
{"title":"Mental and Physical Performance of Adult during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Use of Dietary Supplements","authors":"Abhilasha Tomer, A. Sarkar, H. Chitme","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_49_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_49_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Life during the COVID-19 pandemic was miserable, most of the people were in a panic situation either because of being affected by COVID-19 or losing their near and dear ones. Majority of Indian population was in the trauma condition impacting physical and mental health directly or indirectly either due to the infection or repeated lockdowns. Aim: The present study was carried out to gain knowledge of people’s physical and mental health such as anxiety, depression, and stress during the period of the pandemic in the year 2021. Material and methods: The standard questionnaires were used to conduct the online survey using google form. The questionnaire contains five sections and collects the information on anxiety, stress, depression, and physical activities. The survey started on May 23, 2021, and ended on June 2, 2021 by circulating the link through emails, WhatsApp, and messages. Result: A total of 291 people participated in this survey process and all responses were analyzed, out of which 165 were men and 126 were women. It was calculated that 59.4% of men and 40.6% of women were affected by COVID-19. Total 49.5% of people affected by COVID-19 were in favor of improvement in physical and mental performance while taking dietary supplements. Whereas 19.8% denied the statement and 28.7% of people saw slight changes in their health status. Conclusions: During the pandemic people were mostly affected by anxiety, depression, stress, and physical health and to cope with these situations dietary supplements surely be the utilitarian for the society. Through this study, it was found that if a person includes both exercise and nutraceutical products in their lifestyle, there will be a chance of living a sustainable and healthy life.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"7 1","pages":"291 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84177899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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