Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious chronic degenerative disease caused by insufficient insulin hormone, or the body’s ineffective use of the insulin produced, with clinical symptoms such as polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss, and weakness accompanied by blood sugar levels ≥ 200 mg/dL and fasting blood sugar ≥ 126 mg/dL. Material and Method: This was a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design. Results: Most of the respondents were female (70%) either in the treatment group or (60%) in the comparison group and had an average age between 45 and 59 years (50%). The average decrease in blood sugar level was 69.40 mg/dL. Red guava (NAMBUIRA) showed an effect on the blood sugar levels in type 2 DM patients at Talang Ratu Palembang Public Health Center (P = 0.000). Conclusion: NAMBUIRA pudding contains antioxidants and is rich in fiber and had an effect on reducing blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 DM at Talang Ratu Public Health Center of Palembang.
{"title":"The purpose of the text is the effectiveness/benefits of dragon fruit and guava fruit that can lower blood glucose levels in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients","authors":"Listrianah, Muzakar, Susyani, Novellyna Mulyaningsih, Eliza, Sriwiyanti","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_31_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_31_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious chronic degenerative disease caused by insufficient insulin hormone, or the body’s ineffective use of the insulin produced, with clinical symptoms such as polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss, and weakness accompanied by blood sugar levels ≥ 200 mg/dL and fasting blood sugar ≥ 126 mg/dL. Material and Method: This was a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design. Results: Most of the respondents were female (70%) either in the treatment group or (60%) in the comparison group and had an average age between 45 and 59 years (50%). The average decrease in blood sugar level was 69.40 mg/dL. Red guava (NAMBUIRA) showed an effect on the blood sugar levels in type 2 DM patients at Talang Ratu Palembang Public Health Center (P = 0.000). Conclusion: NAMBUIRA pudding contains antioxidants and is rich in fiber and had an effect on reducing blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 DM at Talang Ratu Public Health Center of Palembang.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"12 1","pages":"269 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88830356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_44_22
K. Preetam, Nagesh Talkad Chandrashekar, R. Krishnappa
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin or both. In India, an estimated 40 million people suffered from diabetes in 2007 and are expected to rise to 70 million by 2025 as per the Indian Diabetes Study 2011. Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at 60% greater risk for development of dementia compared to those without diabetes. For vascular dementia, but not for nonvascular dementia, the additional risk is that it is greater in women. Aim and Objective: To assess cognitive impairment among type 2 DM patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 67 patients with type 2 DM and 66 control attending Put patient department (OPD) services between October 2018 and September 2020 were included. Both these groups were scored on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The scores ranged from zero to 30. The scores of ≥26 were considered normal. A score of ≤22.1 in these people was considered as mild cognitive. Categorical data were represented in the form of frequencies and proportions. Chi-square test or Fischer exact test were used as test of significance for qualitative data. Correlations were performed with Pearson correlation coefficient. The P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant after assuming all the rules of statistical tests. Results: Age and duration of diabetes had positive correlation with MoCA score which was not statistically significant. The body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference had negative correlation with MoCA score which was not statistically significant. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) had negative correlation with MoCA score which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Older individuals with longer duration of DM and higher HbA1c levels showed higher cognitive impairment with MoCA score correlation. This study also highlights the early screening for all DM patients with easily available MoCA scores. Thus, helping in early recognition of mild cognitive impairment and preventing it from proceeding to dementia.
{"title":"Evaluation of Neurocognitive Disorder in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"K. Preetam, Nagesh Talkad Chandrashekar, R. Krishnappa","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_44_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_44_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin or both. In India, an estimated 40 million people suffered from diabetes in 2007 and are expected to rise to 70 million by 2025 as per the Indian Diabetes Study 2011. Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at 60% greater risk for development of dementia compared to those without diabetes. For vascular dementia, but not for nonvascular dementia, the additional risk is that it is greater in women. Aim and Objective: To assess cognitive impairment among type 2 DM patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 67 patients with type 2 DM and 66 control attending Put patient department (OPD) services between October 2018 and September 2020 were included. Both these groups were scored on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The scores ranged from zero to 30. The scores of ≥26 were considered normal. A score of ≤22.1 in these people was considered as mild cognitive. Categorical data were represented in the form of frequencies and proportions. Chi-square test or Fischer exact test were used as test of significance for qualitative data. Correlations were performed with Pearson correlation coefficient. The P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant after assuming all the rules of statistical tests. Results: Age and duration of diabetes had positive correlation with MoCA score which was not statistically significant. The body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference had negative correlation with MoCA score which was not statistically significant. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) had negative correlation with MoCA score which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Older individuals with longer duration of DM and higher HbA1c levels showed higher cognitive impairment with MoCA score correlation. This study also highlights the early screening for all DM patients with easily available MoCA scores. Thus, helping in early recognition of mild cognitive impairment and preventing it from proceeding to dementia.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"39 1","pages":"247 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84909532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_47_22
B. Devi
Aim: To determine the effectiveness of Nurse-Led Stroke Education Program (NSEP) on Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Stroke-Specific Quality of Life (SS-QOL) among patients with stroke and elicit burden among caregivers. Method: A quantitative research method was adopted. Stroke victims and their caregivers who fulfill eligibility criteria were chosen. The sample size was 170 dyads, 85 dyads in the study and 85 dyads in the control groups were recruited by lottery method. NSEP was implemented in the study group dyads. The posttest assessments were taken on days 30, 90, and 180 for both groups. Results: The mean scores of ADL in the study and control group during posttest-I, II, and III were significant at P < 0.05. The mean scores of PCS during posttest-I, II, and III showed significance at P < 0.05. MCS mean score during posttest-I, II, and III was significant at P < 0.05. Overall mean scores of SS-QOL in the study group were found to be higher than that in the control group during posttest-I, II, and III at P < 0.01 between groups. The burden mean scores were higher in the control group caregiver than in the study group caregiver during the posttest-I and II at P < 0.01. Conclusion: Findings concluded that the combination of interventions like structured teaching, an information booklet on “Life after stroke,” and telephonic reminder and reinforcement has a positive impact on ADL and SS-QOL of patients with stroke and minimized caregiver burden.
{"title":"Impact of Nurse-Led Stroke Education Program (NSEP) on ADL and SS-QOL among Patients with Stroke and Burden among Caregivers","authors":"B. Devi","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_47_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_47_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the effectiveness of Nurse-Led Stroke Education Program (NSEP) on Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Stroke-Specific Quality of Life (SS-QOL) among patients with stroke and elicit burden among caregivers. Method: A quantitative research method was adopted. Stroke victims and their caregivers who fulfill eligibility criteria were chosen. The sample size was 170 dyads, 85 dyads in the study and 85 dyads in the control groups were recruited by lottery method. NSEP was implemented in the study group dyads. The posttest assessments were taken on days 30, 90, and 180 for both groups. Results: The mean scores of ADL in the study and control group during posttest-I, II, and III were significant at P < 0.05. The mean scores of PCS during posttest-I, II, and III showed significance at P < 0.05. MCS mean score during posttest-I, II, and III was significant at P < 0.05. Overall mean scores of SS-QOL in the study group were found to be higher than that in the control group during posttest-I, II, and III at P < 0.01 between groups. The burden mean scores were higher in the control group caregiver than in the study group caregiver during the posttest-I and II at P < 0.01. Conclusion: Findings concluded that the combination of interventions like structured teaching, an information booklet on “Life after stroke,” and telephonic reminder and reinforcement has a positive impact on ADL and SS-QOL of patients with stroke and minimized caregiver burden.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"3 1","pages":"253 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78966013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_63_22
Leena Chacko, Janseya Delani, Rajaram Prabhu, Uma Maheshwari Raman, Hanan Fahad Alharbi, Y. Rajamani, Mullaicharam Bhupathyraaj
An important goal of stroke rehabilitation is to improve the quality of life, enhancing functional independence, and active participation in daily routine activities. Stroke is a cerebral vascular event with rapidly developing clinical signs of global disturbances with no apparent cause other than a vascular origin. A stroke occurs when the blood vessels in the brain are blocked or burst, which prevents the blood and oxygen from reaching brain tissues. Symptoms of stroke in body parts are controlled by damaged areas of the brain and the main symptoms show involuntary muscle tightening, paralysis, and restricted physical abilities. Other complications depend upon the damage to part of the brain. Enhancing plasticity by triggering neuromodulators with paired motor training provides the basis for transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (TVNS) therapy. TVNS to activate the neuromodulatory networks of cortical neurons shall be achieved by the battery-powered device with electrodes and adhesive backing which can be positioned on the skin in specific areas. The device delivers electrical impulses which activate the vagal nerve and enhance the plasticity of cortical neurons. This article emphasizes vagal nerve stimulation paired with rehabilitation therapy, which combines a device that stimulates vagal function which promotes motor function, and rehabilitation training to facilitate a speedy recovery. This technology is precise and consistent in developing pro plasticity neuromodulators and improves the daily performance of the affected individual.
{"title":"Modified Technology for a New Generation Stroke Rehabilitation Module by Transcutaneous Vagal Nerve Stimulation Therapy − A Critical Analysis","authors":"Leena Chacko, Janseya Delani, Rajaram Prabhu, Uma Maheshwari Raman, Hanan Fahad Alharbi, Y. Rajamani, Mullaicharam Bhupathyraaj","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_63_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_63_22","url":null,"abstract":"An important goal of stroke rehabilitation is to improve the quality of life, enhancing functional independence, and active participation in daily routine activities. Stroke is a cerebral vascular event with rapidly developing clinical signs of global disturbances with no apparent cause other than a vascular origin. A stroke occurs when the blood vessels in the brain are blocked or burst, which prevents the blood and oxygen from reaching brain tissues. Symptoms of stroke in body parts are controlled by damaged areas of the brain and the main symptoms show involuntary muscle tightening, paralysis, and restricted physical abilities. Other complications depend upon the damage to part of the brain. Enhancing plasticity by triggering neuromodulators with paired motor training provides the basis for transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (TVNS) therapy. TVNS to activate the neuromodulatory networks of cortical neurons shall be achieved by the battery-powered device with electrodes and adhesive backing which can be positioned on the skin in specific areas. The device delivers electrical impulses which activate the vagal nerve and enhance the plasticity of cortical neurons. This article emphasizes vagal nerve stimulation paired with rehabilitation therapy, which combines a device that stimulates vagal function which promotes motor function, and rehabilitation training to facilitate a speedy recovery. This technology is precise and consistent in developing pro plasticity neuromodulators and improves the daily performance of the affected individual.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"22 1","pages":"300 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82515941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_66_22
V. Seshan, B. Valsaraj, Divya Raghavan, Judie Arulappan, G. Matua, Sofia Cyril, E. Prince
Food preference in children depends on the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Exposure to flavors during prenatal and postnatal period through amniotic fluid, breast milk, and weaning foods have been identified as possible influences on food preference and acceptance in children. Therefore, maternal nutrition has a strong influence on the child’s food preference early in life. Aim: The authors carried out a narrative review to understand the contribution of maternal nutrition on the food preferences in children in later life. Methods: The authors retrieved the articles from SCOPUS, Medline, Science Direct, CINAHL, EBSCO, and PubMed central databases. The key words including food preferences, food choice, and acceptance of food, pregnant women, toddlers, and food culture were used to identify the appropriate articles. The authors included in the review, full-text articles, published in English language between 1995 and 2018. In total, six articles, which met the inclusion criteria, were included in the final review. Results: The results revealed that there is a very strong connection between the exposure to flavors during prenatal and postnatal period and food preference and acceptance in children in later life. The olfactory and gustatory exposures to flavors during prenatal period through maternal diet, and during postnatal period through breast milk and weaning foods determines the food preferences in childhood. Conclusion: We conclude that maternal nutrition has a strong influence on the child’s food preference early in the life, therefore effective strategies should be designed to increase healthy feeding choices during the prenatal and postnatal periods.
{"title":"Whom to Blame for Brain Health and Appetite Slump in Toddlers? A Narrative Review","authors":"V. Seshan, B. Valsaraj, Divya Raghavan, Judie Arulappan, G. Matua, Sofia Cyril, E. Prince","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_66_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_66_22","url":null,"abstract":"Food preference in children depends on the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Exposure to flavors during prenatal and postnatal period through amniotic fluid, breast milk, and weaning foods have been identified as possible influences on food preference and acceptance in children. Therefore, maternal nutrition has a strong influence on the child’s food preference early in life. Aim: The authors carried out a narrative review to understand the contribution of maternal nutrition on the food preferences in children in later life. Methods: The authors retrieved the articles from SCOPUS, Medline, Science Direct, CINAHL, EBSCO, and PubMed central databases. The key words including food preferences, food choice, and acceptance of food, pregnant women, toddlers, and food culture were used to identify the appropriate articles. The authors included in the review, full-text articles, published in English language between 1995 and 2018. In total, six articles, which met the inclusion criteria, were included in the final review. Results: The results revealed that there is a very strong connection between the exposure to flavors during prenatal and postnatal period and food preference and acceptance in children in later life. The olfactory and gustatory exposures to flavors during prenatal period through maternal diet, and during postnatal period through breast milk and weaning foods determines the food preferences in childhood. Conclusion: We conclude that maternal nutrition has a strong influence on the child’s food preference early in the life, therefore effective strategies should be designed to increase healthy feeding choices during the prenatal and postnatal periods.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"65 3 1","pages":"242 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89556068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_21_22
R. Vijayalakshmi, M. Thirunavukarasu
Background: Globally, the population of older persons is increasing rapidly. Research evidences suggest that depression is a major mental health problem among older persons. Healthy ageing practices reduce the undesirable effects of ageing. It promotes good quality of life (QOL) among older persons and reduces the risk of depression among them. Objectives: To assess depression and QOL among older persons; and to correlate depression and QOL among older persons. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to assess the prevalence of depression and QOL among older persons aged ≥60 years. This study was conducted in NH 1, NH 2, and NH 3 villages covered under Community Medicine Department, SRM MCH at Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu. Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess depression and WHO Quality of Life-BREF scale was used to assess QOL among older persons. A structured face-to-face interview was carried out to collect the data after getting the consent from 600 older persons. Results: This study findings convey that 64.6% of the older persons are having various levels of depression ranging from mild and moderate to severe. Highly significant negative correlation (R = −0.424) between depression and QOL of respondents is observed in this study. This implies that the older persons with good QOL have low levels of depression and older persons with poor QOL have higher levels of depression. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among older persons is considerably higher and the QOL is a major contributing factor. Creating public awareness on measures to overcome depression and improve QOL is a vital area to be strengthened by the health team members.
{"title":"A Correlational Study on Depression and Quality of Life Among Older Persons","authors":"R. Vijayalakshmi, M. Thirunavukarasu","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_21_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_21_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Globally, the population of older persons is increasing rapidly. Research evidences suggest that depression is a major mental health problem among older persons. Healthy ageing practices reduce the undesirable effects of ageing. It promotes good quality of life (QOL) among older persons and reduces the risk of depression among them. Objectives: To assess depression and QOL among older persons; and to correlate depression and QOL among older persons. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to assess the prevalence of depression and QOL among older persons aged ≥60 years. This study was conducted in NH 1, NH 2, and NH 3 villages covered under Community Medicine Department, SRM MCH at Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu. Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess depression and WHO Quality of Life-BREF scale was used to assess QOL among older persons. A structured face-to-face interview was carried out to collect the data after getting the consent from 600 older persons. Results: This study findings convey that 64.6% of the older persons are having various levels of depression ranging from mild and moderate to severe. Highly significant negative correlation (R = −0.424) between depression and QOL of respondents is observed in this study. This implies that the older persons with good QOL have low levels of depression and older persons with poor QOL have higher levels of depression. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among older persons is considerably higher and the QOL is a major contributing factor. Creating public awareness on measures to overcome depression and improve QOL is a vital area to be strengthened by the health team members.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"69 1","pages":"157 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74815074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_7_22
Rohman Mohammad Saifur, Sishartami Lintang Widya, Widodo Nashi, Rachmawati Ermin, Lukitasari Mifetika
Context: Coffee and green tea extract combination is expected to reduce macrophage migration. Aims: We investigated the effects of combination of coffee and green tea extracts on GALNT2 gene expression and PSGL-1 protein expression in Ox-LDL-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Materials and methods: RAW 264.7 cells were treated with a combination of coffee and green tea extracts with three different doses for 24 hours (coffee 80 μg/mL + green tea 80 μg/mL; coffee 160 μg/mL + green tea 160 μg/mL; coffee 320 μg/mL + green tea 320 μg/mL), respectively. Then, cells stimulated with 8 μg/mL Ox-LDL for 20 hours. GALNT2 mRNA expression was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot for PSGL-1 protein expression. Results: GALNT2 gene expression and PSGL-1 protein expression decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with treatment by combination of coffee and green tea extracts in dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Coffee and green tea extract combination administration significantly reduced GALNT2 gene expression and PSGL-1 protein expression in Ox-LDL-induced RAW 264.7 cells.
{"title":"The Combination of Decaffeinated Coffee (Coffea canephora) and Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Reduced PSGL-1 Glycosylation by GALNT2 in Ox-LDL-induced RAW 264.7","authors":"Rohman Mohammad Saifur, Sishartami Lintang Widya, Widodo Nashi, Rachmawati Ermin, Lukitasari Mifetika","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_7_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_7_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Coffee and green tea extract combination is expected to reduce macrophage migration. Aims: We investigated the effects of combination of coffee and green tea extracts on GALNT2 gene expression and PSGL-1 protein expression in Ox-LDL-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Materials and methods: RAW 264.7 cells were treated with a combination of coffee and green tea extracts with three different doses for 24 hours (coffee 80 μg/mL + green tea 80 μg/mL; coffee 160 μg/mL + green tea 160 μg/mL; coffee 320 μg/mL + green tea 320 μg/mL), respectively. Then, cells stimulated with 8 μg/mL Ox-LDL for 20 hours. GALNT2 mRNA expression was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot for PSGL-1 protein expression. Results: GALNT2 gene expression and PSGL-1 protein expression decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with treatment by combination of coffee and green tea extracts in dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Coffee and green tea extract combination administration significantly reduced GALNT2 gene expression and PSGL-1 protein expression in Ox-LDL-induced RAW 264.7 cells.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"21 1","pages":"112 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83293780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_13_22
R. Al-Temaimi, R. Alroughani
Context: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disorder of the central nervous system in which gene–environment interactions result in autoimmune targeting of neuronal myelin. In Kuwait, the rapid increase in MS prevalence is in tandem with evident changes in diet and lifestyle habits. Aim: To assess dietary and lifestyle habits of 128 MS patient during their preadult years in comparison to 211 Kuwaiti healthy controls. Methods: A questionnaire inclusive of demographics, lifestyle, and dietary habits in preadult years was administered to MS patients and healthy controls. Results: We found an increased risk of MS in the Kuwaiti adult life is associated with a positive family history and poor preadult dietary habits inclusive of low fresh fruit and vegetable consumption and increased processed food intake. Whereas, passive smoking, preadult weekly physical activity, adolescence milk and fish consumption, and childhood prepacked snacks consumption did not differ between MS and healthy controls. Conclusion: Sudden shifts in dietary habits of the Kuwaiti population in the past two decades have contributed to the increased prevalence of MS in Kuwait. Current management recommendations of MS disease should consider the inclusion of a plant-based, minimally processed dietary regimen in conjunction with MS disease modifying treatments.
{"title":"Dietary Factors Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Risk in Kuwait","authors":"R. Al-Temaimi, R. Alroughani","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_13_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_13_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disorder of the central nervous system in which gene–environment interactions result in autoimmune targeting of neuronal myelin. In Kuwait, the rapid increase in MS prevalence is in tandem with evident changes in diet and lifestyle habits. Aim: To assess dietary and lifestyle habits of 128 MS patient during their preadult years in comparison to 211 Kuwaiti healthy controls. Methods: A questionnaire inclusive of demographics, lifestyle, and dietary habits in preadult years was administered to MS patients and healthy controls. Results: We found an increased risk of MS in the Kuwaiti adult life is associated with a positive family history and poor preadult dietary habits inclusive of low fresh fruit and vegetable consumption and increased processed food intake. Whereas, passive smoking, preadult weekly physical activity, adolescence milk and fish consumption, and childhood prepacked snacks consumption did not differ between MS and healthy controls. Conclusion: Sudden shifts in dietary habits of the Kuwaiti population in the past two decades have contributed to the increased prevalence of MS in Kuwait. Current management recommendations of MS disease should consider the inclusion of a plant-based, minimally processed dietary regimen in conjunction with MS disease modifying treatments.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"30 1","pages":"200 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85441576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_30_22
Danica Da Silva, S. Patil, P. Durgawale, S. Patil
Background: Physical inactivity is considered as one of the important modifiable risk factor for noncommunicable diseases. Nurses play an important role in the healthcare system. Long working hours could be stressful physically and psychologically demanding patient care. Considering these, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the pattern and correlates of physical activity among nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 125 nurses working in Krishna Hospital and Medical Research Center, Karad. Practice of physical activity was collected using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) which measured the physical activity in metabolic equivalent hours per week. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20. Results: Total 125 nurses participated in the study out of which 119 (95.2%) were females and six (4.8%) were males. Moderate level of physical activity was seen in 77.6% of participants, 16.0% showed low level of physical activity, and vigorous levels of physical activity were seen in 6.4% of participants. A statistically significant association was observed between physical activity and age. Conclusion: Majority of nurses were involved in moderate-intensity physical activity. Age appeared to be a determining factor for participation in physical activity.
{"title":"Pattern and Correlates of Physical Activity Among Nurses from Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Danica Da Silva, S. Patil, P. Durgawale, S. Patil","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_30_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_30_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Physical inactivity is considered as one of the important modifiable risk factor for noncommunicable diseases. Nurses play an important role in the healthcare system. Long working hours could be stressful physically and psychologically demanding patient care. Considering these, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the pattern and correlates of physical activity among nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 125 nurses working in Krishna Hospital and Medical Research Center, Karad. Practice of physical activity was collected using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) which measured the physical activity in metabolic equivalent hours per week. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20. Results: Total 125 nurses participated in the study out of which 119 (95.2%) were females and six (4.8%) were males. Moderate level of physical activity was seen in 77.6% of participants, 16.0% showed low level of physical activity, and vigorous levels of physical activity were seen in 6.4% of participants. A statistically significant association was observed between physical activity and age. Conclusion: Majority of nurses were involved in moderate-intensity physical activity. Age appeared to be a determining factor for participation in physical activity.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"47 1","pages":"206 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82608915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_33_22
Pooja E Moorthy, Vijayashree Raghavan, R. Kanna
Introduction Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a well-established precancerous lesion. MUC2 and MUC5AC are mucin genes that have been studied in gastric IM to classify and determine which type of metaplasia will progress to malignancy. H.pylori, an important causative organism for gastric carcinoma, can be detected using anti-H. pylori antibodies (AHA) in case of suspicion when routine histochemical stains are negative. Aim This study aims to determine the expression of MUC2 and MUC5AC in gastric IM in chronic gastritis to differentiate complete and incomplete IM and to predict and prognosticate its role in the possible evolution of malignancy. This study also aims to determine the expression of AHA in Giemsa negative cases with mild to severe activity. Materials & Method A total of 345 gastric biopsy cases were included in the study. About 35 cases with IM on histology were subjected to Alcian Blue (AB) at pH 2.5 and markers MUC2 and MUC5AC to classify IM. To further subclassify the type II and type III IM, AB with periodic acid–Schiff at pH 1.5 was used. About 45 out of 171 Giemsa negative cases with activity were subjected to AHA. Results 51.43% cases had complete IM and 48.57% had incomplete IM. And, 25.7% were type II and 22.8% were type III IM. About 20 out of 45 Giemsa negative cases showed AHA positivity, indicating sensitivity as high as 70.15%. Conclusion MUC2 and MUC5AC expression are good parameters in the progression of IM togastric cancer (GC) and can be used as a good prognostic marker for GC. Detection and eradication of H.Pylori using AHA with appropriate treatment will reduce the risk of developing gastric carcinoma.
{"title":"Histomorphological Evaluation of Chronic Gastritis and an Attempt to Prognosticate Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia with Selective Mucin Gene Expressions in Indian Population","authors":"Pooja E Moorthy, Vijayashree Raghavan, R. Kanna","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_33_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_33_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a well-established precancerous lesion. MUC2 and MUC5AC are mucin genes that have been studied in gastric IM to classify and determine which type of metaplasia will progress to malignancy. H.pylori, an important causative organism for gastric carcinoma, can be detected using anti-H. pylori antibodies (AHA) in case of suspicion when routine histochemical stains are negative. Aim This study aims to determine the expression of MUC2 and MUC5AC in gastric IM in chronic gastritis to differentiate complete and incomplete IM and to predict and prognosticate its role in the possible evolution of malignancy. This study also aims to determine the expression of AHA in Giemsa negative cases with mild to severe activity. Materials & Method A total of 345 gastric biopsy cases were included in the study. About 35 cases with IM on histology were subjected to Alcian Blue (AB) at pH 2.5 and markers MUC2 and MUC5AC to classify IM. To further subclassify the type II and type III IM, AB with periodic acid–Schiff at pH 1.5 was used. About 45 out of 171 Giemsa negative cases with activity were subjected to AHA. Results 51.43% cases had complete IM and 48.57% had incomplete IM. And, 25.7% were type II and 22.8% were type III IM. About 20 out of 45 Giemsa negative cases showed AHA positivity, indicating sensitivity as high as 70.15%. Conclusion MUC2 and MUC5AC expression are good parameters in the progression of IM togastric cancer (GC) and can be used as a good prognostic marker for GC. Detection and eradication of H.Pylori using AHA with appropriate treatment will reduce the risk of developing gastric carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"38 1","pages":"212 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81065079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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