Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_15_22
K. Karjouh, F. Azzaoui, S. Boulbaroud, Wafae Samlali, A. Ahami
Context: Many studies have reported that inadequate parental styles can contribute to alexithymic symptoms through maladaptive dysfunctional cognitive styles. Aims: To investigate the relationship of dysfunctional schemas and recalled parenting attitudes with alexithymia and other symptomatology, as well as to evaluate the effect of early maladaptive schema (EMS) and alexithymia such as moderators and mediators in the relationship between the perceived parenting styles (PS) among patients with substance use disorders (SUDs). Methods: The study sample consists of 451 Psychoactive Substance (PAS) users, aged between 13 and 67 years of age. The data collection took place in the addictology center of Rabat, Morocco. The Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form, the Young Parenting Inventory, the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used. Descriptive statistics tests and hierarchical multiple regression were executed. Results: First, the sample was classified into two groups as “alexithymic” (n = 330) and “nonalexithymic” (n = 121) according to the scores obtained from TAS. The analysis showed that the alexithymic group perceived both their attitudes of mother and father negatively, possess more severe EMSs, and women face more difficulties in the emotion regulation, experienced greater EMS than the men group, and the association between parenting and alexithymia was moderated by EMS. On the contrary, the results supported meditational models in which PS are associated with the cognitive schemas, and these, in turn, are related to alexithymia. Conclusions: Correlations between childhood experiences and alexithymia in adulthood are mediated by dysfunctional schemas.
{"title":"Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Alexithymia in the Relationship Between Perceived Parenting Styles in Moroccan Psychoactive Substance Users","authors":"K. Karjouh, F. Azzaoui, S. Boulbaroud, Wafae Samlali, A. Ahami","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_15_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_15_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Many studies have reported that inadequate parental styles can contribute to alexithymic symptoms through maladaptive dysfunctional cognitive styles. Aims: To investigate the relationship of dysfunctional schemas and recalled parenting attitudes with alexithymia and other symptomatology, as well as to evaluate the effect of early maladaptive schema (EMS) and alexithymia such as moderators and mediators in the relationship between the perceived parenting styles (PS) among patients with substance use disorders (SUDs). Methods: The study sample consists of 451 Psychoactive Substance (PAS) users, aged between 13 and 67 years of age. The data collection took place in the addictology center of Rabat, Morocco. The Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form, the Young Parenting Inventory, the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used. Descriptive statistics tests and hierarchical multiple regression were executed. Results: First, the sample was classified into two groups as “alexithymic” (n = 330) and “nonalexithymic” (n = 121) according to the scores obtained from TAS. The analysis showed that the alexithymic group perceived both their attitudes of mother and father negatively, possess more severe EMSs, and women face more difficulties in the emotion regulation, experienced greater EMS than the men group, and the association between parenting and alexithymia was moderated by EMS. On the contrary, the results supported meditational models in which PS are associated with the cognitive schemas, and these, in turn, are related to alexithymia. Conclusions: Correlations between childhood experiences and alexithymia in adulthood are mediated by dysfunctional schemas.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"385 1","pages":"170 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77342570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_19_22
V. Doddawad, S. Shivananda, C. Vidya, B. Madhu, B. Gurupadayya
The miracle fruit plant or miracle berry plant (Synsepalum dulcificum or Richadelladulcifica) is a unique medicinal plant with characteristics of taste-modifying function due to the presence of the glycoprotein miraculin. It also has high antioxidant effect. Alkaloids, vitamins, vegetable oil, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and amino acids are among the biologically active components found in the fruit. This fruit is not much known in all places of the world, so it will be used to treat a variety of medical conditions. Pharmacological medicine has proven that not only the fruit but also the other parts of the plant are helpful, based on their phytochemical properties. This fruit can be used in the baking food items, drinks, cosmetics, medicines, and coloring agents. In this article, we (authors) intend to describe on cultivation, phytochemistry, mechanism of action, extraction, purification, and preservation of fruit, as well as its nutritional and pharmacological benefits, applications in numerous fields, limitations, and future prospects. It is hard to believe that this berry is still unexplored for its use in medical area.
{"title":"Insight on Synsepalum dulcificum: A Bioactive Compound on Taste Modification and Its Biological Properties","authors":"V. Doddawad, S. Shivananda, C. Vidya, B. Madhu, B. Gurupadayya","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_19_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_19_22","url":null,"abstract":"The miracle fruit plant or miracle berry plant (Synsepalum dulcificum or Richadelladulcifica) is a unique medicinal plant with characteristics of taste-modifying function due to the presence of the glycoprotein miraculin. It also has high antioxidant effect. Alkaloids, vitamins, vegetable oil, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and amino acids are among the biologically active components found in the fruit. This fruit is not much known in all places of the world, so it will be used to treat a variety of medical conditions. Pharmacological medicine has proven that not only the fruit but also the other parts of the plant are helpful, based on their phytochemical properties. This fruit can be used in the baking food items, drinks, cosmetics, medicines, and coloring agents. In this article, we (authors) intend to describe on cultivation, phytochemistry, mechanism of action, extraction, purification, and preservation of fruit, as well as its nutritional and pharmacological benefits, applications in numerous fields, limitations, and future prospects. It is hard to believe that this berry is still unexplored for its use in medical area.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"93 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86960903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_8_22
K. Ramanathan, N. Jagadeesh, U. Vishwanath, Celina Dayal
Background: Diabetes is the ninth leading cause of death among women globally causing 2.1 million deaths per year. Pregnancy complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) causes physiological resistance to insulin that predisposes to maternal (pregnancy-induced hypertension, macrosomia, and obstructed labor due to shoulder dystocia) and fetal (macrosomia, birth injuries, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress) complications associated with the GDM. Given the complications associated with GDM in South India, the study hypothesized that a novel idea of probiotics supplementation as adjunct therapy with comprehensive intervention would show considerable improvement in maternal glycemic control among GDM. Methods/Design: It is a single-center, double-blind randomized controlled trial. Study population: Expectant women with GDM in their second trimester were randomized to control and intervention group. Intervention: The package included supplementation with probiotics (probiotic capsules with routine care), while the control group: received a placebo capsule (placebo capsule with routine care) to GDM women. The study participants were followed up till delivery. Outcome measures: Maternal blood glucose levels as fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels are measured at the 20th, 32nd, and 40th weeks of gestational age. Secondary outcome measures: Maternal parameters are monitored at their regular follow-up visits, and neonatal parameters are measured after delivery. Statistical analysis: Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed that satisfied the per protocol compliance using the recent version of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation is one of the emerging trends that shows a significant impact on maternal blood glucose levels, which will in turn have beneficial effects on maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. In a developing country like India, with the growing burden of diabetes and GDM, developing an innovative effective intervention that promotes glycemic health that can easily be replicated across various settings will become a priority. If the intervention is concluded to be effective, this study would become a guideline model to reinforce probiotics as an intervention to treat GDM and contribute to improved maternal and neonatal health in South India.
{"title":"Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Glycemic Control Among GDM − Study Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"K. Ramanathan, N. Jagadeesh, U. Vishwanath, Celina Dayal","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_8_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_8_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes is the ninth leading cause of death among women globally causing 2.1 million deaths per year. Pregnancy complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) causes physiological resistance to insulin that predisposes to maternal (pregnancy-induced hypertension, macrosomia, and obstructed labor due to shoulder dystocia) and fetal (macrosomia, birth injuries, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress) complications associated with the GDM. Given the complications associated with GDM in South India, the study hypothesized that a novel idea of probiotics supplementation as adjunct therapy with comprehensive intervention would show considerable improvement in maternal glycemic control among GDM. Methods/Design: It is a single-center, double-blind randomized controlled trial. Study population: Expectant women with GDM in their second trimester were randomized to control and intervention group. Intervention: The package included supplementation with probiotics (probiotic capsules with routine care), while the control group: received a placebo capsule (placebo capsule with routine care) to GDM women. The study participants were followed up till delivery. Outcome measures: Maternal blood glucose levels as fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels are measured at the 20th, 32nd, and 40th weeks of gestational age. Secondary outcome measures: Maternal parameters are monitored at their regular follow-up visits, and neonatal parameters are measured after delivery. Statistical analysis: Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed that satisfied the per protocol compliance using the recent version of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation is one of the emerging trends that shows a significant impact on maternal blood glucose levels, which will in turn have beneficial effects on maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. In a developing country like India, with the growing burden of diabetes and GDM, developing an innovative effective intervention that promotes glycemic health that can easily be replicated across various settings will become a priority. If the intervention is concluded to be effective, this study would become a guideline model to reinforce probiotics as an intervention to treat GDM and contribute to improved maternal and neonatal health in South India.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"12 1","pages":"126 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87183642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_26_22
P. Saini, G. Gupta
Background: Cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease (PD) primarily consists of executive dysfunction. Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), composed of six subsets to explore different functions related to the frontal lobe is a validated and easily performed tool for executive function assessment. Aims and Objectives: We performed this study to evaluate the clinical utility of the FAB for the assessment of executive dysfunction in PD and to study the correlation of FAB with other tests of executive functions such as fluency tests (lexical and semantic) and trail making tests (TMT A and B) in a group of Indian patients with PD. Material and Methods: We included 60 patients diagnosed with PD per the UK PD Brain Bank criteria. Our study included 40 healthy age, sex, and education-matched controls. We recorded clinical characteristics of patients [age, sex, disease duration, Hoehn and Yahr stage, and Unified Parkinson disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores] and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and FAB scores of both patients and controls in a prescribed pro forma. Results: In the study group, mean age was 52.53 ± 10.42 years, mean disease duration was 5.77 ± 3.27 years, mean MMSE was 28.4 ± 1.53, and mean FAB was 11.53 ± 2.30, and they had significantly decreased mean FAB scores as compared to controls. FAB scores also correlated significantly with age, disease duration, Hoehn and Yahr stage, UPDRS score, MMSE, fluency tests, and TMT. Conclusion: FAB is an easily performed bedside screening test for executive function assessment in PD, and it can be used to detect early and subtle cognitive impairments in PD.
{"title":"Frontal Executive Function Assessment in Patients with Parkinson Disease Using Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) at a Tertiary Care Center in Western India","authors":"P. Saini, G. Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_26_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_26_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease (PD) primarily consists of executive dysfunction. Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), composed of six subsets to explore different functions related to the frontal lobe is a validated and easily performed tool for executive function assessment. Aims and Objectives: We performed this study to evaluate the clinical utility of the FAB for the assessment of executive dysfunction in PD and to study the correlation of FAB with other tests of executive functions such as fluency tests (lexical and semantic) and trail making tests (TMT A and B) in a group of Indian patients with PD. Material and Methods: We included 60 patients diagnosed with PD per the UK PD Brain Bank criteria. Our study included 40 healthy age, sex, and education-matched controls. We recorded clinical characteristics of patients [age, sex, disease duration, Hoehn and Yahr stage, and Unified Parkinson disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores] and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and FAB scores of both patients and controls in a prescribed pro forma. Results: In the study group, mean age was 52.53 ± 10.42 years, mean disease duration was 5.77 ± 3.27 years, mean MMSE was 28.4 ± 1.53, and mean FAB was 11.53 ± 2.30, and they had significantly decreased mean FAB scores as compared to controls. FAB scores also correlated significantly with age, disease duration, Hoehn and Yahr stage, UPDRS score, MMSE, fluency tests, and TMT. Conclusion: FAB is an easily performed bedside screening test for executive function assessment in PD, and it can be used to detect early and subtle cognitive impairments in PD.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"6 1","pages":"195 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72875958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_4_22
Daalshini Murugan, S. Selvaraj, A. Anandan, S. Subramanian, Shazia Neelam, M. Subramanian, Dhivakar Murugan, S. Kajamohideen
Introduction: Stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident, is the sudden loss of neurologic function caused by an interruption of the blood flow to the brain. It is the third most common cause of mortality and the leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. Ischemic and hemorrhagic are two types of strokes caused by the blockage or rupture of the blood vessel. Adverse consequences on stroke survivors’ physical, psychosocial, emotional, social, and economic status place stroke among the leading causes of diminished quality of life. Individuals who have suffered a previous stroke are at the risk of recurrence. Perhaps, early prevention by identifying the risk factor may minimize the implications of stroke in the citizen and prevent recurrent stroke. Methods: Cross-sectional study of the qualitative approach was undertaken. A case sheet of 100 subjects who fulfill with the inclusion and exclusion criteria was included using the convenience sampling method. This study was performed within 3 months. Patients’ information was collected from their case sheets and filled into the study data collection form. The collected study data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean ± standard deviation, mode, and percentage. Results: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cholesterol are the most common risk factors. Constantly hypertension is the highest among the overall stroke survivors, stroke subtypes, and in different age groups. However, the sequences of stroke-risk factors associated with stroke subtypes and different age groups vary. Conclusion: The study’s objectives have been achieved by addressing the common risk factors in overall stroke survivors, in stroke subtypes, and other age groups.
{"title":"Analysis of Stroke-Risk Factors Among Stroke Survivors","authors":"Daalshini Murugan, S. Selvaraj, A. Anandan, S. Subramanian, Shazia Neelam, M. Subramanian, Dhivakar Murugan, S. Kajamohideen","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_4_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_4_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident, is the sudden loss of neurologic function caused by an interruption of the blood flow to the brain. It is the third most common cause of mortality and the leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. Ischemic and hemorrhagic are two types of strokes caused by the blockage or rupture of the blood vessel. Adverse consequences on stroke survivors’ physical, psychosocial, emotional, social, and economic status place stroke among the leading causes of diminished quality of life. Individuals who have suffered a previous stroke are at the risk of recurrence. Perhaps, early prevention by identifying the risk factor may minimize the implications of stroke in the citizen and prevent recurrent stroke. Methods: Cross-sectional study of the qualitative approach was undertaken. A case sheet of 100 subjects who fulfill with the inclusion and exclusion criteria was included using the convenience sampling method. This study was performed within 3 months. Patients’ information was collected from their case sheets and filled into the study data collection form. The collected study data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean ± standard deviation, mode, and percentage. Results: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cholesterol are the most common risk factors. Constantly hypertension is the highest among the overall stroke survivors, stroke subtypes, and in different age groups. However, the sequences of stroke-risk factors associated with stroke subtypes and different age groups vary. Conclusion: The study’s objectives have been achieved by addressing the common risk factors in overall stroke survivors, in stroke subtypes, and other age groups.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"65 1","pages":"120 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75086275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_17_22
Sanjeev Kumar, P. Rani, Janardan Sharma, A. Rai
Background: Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated acute polyradiculoneuropathy with different subtypes, clinical features, and demographics. Nerve conduction study is important in differentiating axonal and demyelinating form of GBS. Diagnosis of various subtypes is essential as they have different pathophysiology and prognosis. Objective: The study was aimed to evaluate the different subtype spectrum of GBS in our patient population cohort and to look for the clinical features, demographics, and electrophysiological profile variations among the patients with GBS. Materials and Methods: We evaluated clinical spectrum and electrodiagnostic parameters of the admitted patients in Department of Neurology of our tertiary care center between September 2019 and April 2022 with clinical diagnosis of GBS. It was a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. Results: Out of 49 study participants, 63.82% patients had axonal form while 36.2% of patients had acute inflammatory demyelination polyneuropathy by applying Hadden criteria. Statistically lower single breath count (SBC) (median 10.5; P < 0.0001) at admission was observed in ventilated patients compared to nonventilated patients of GBS. Conclusion: Axonal form is the most common subtype of GBS in our study cohort. SBC at admission could be an important bedside tool to predict requirement of ventilatory support in admitted patients of GBS.
{"title":"Guillain–Barré Syndrome: Clinical Profile and Electrodiagnostic Subtype Spectrum from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India","authors":"Sanjeev Kumar, P. Rani, Janardan Sharma, A. Rai","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_17_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_17_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated acute polyradiculoneuropathy with different subtypes, clinical features, and demographics. Nerve conduction study is important in differentiating axonal and demyelinating form of GBS. Diagnosis of various subtypes is essential as they have different pathophysiology and prognosis. Objective: The study was aimed to evaluate the different subtype spectrum of GBS in our patient population cohort and to look for the clinical features, demographics, and electrophysiological profile variations among the patients with GBS. Materials and Methods: We evaluated clinical spectrum and electrodiagnostic parameters of the admitted patients in Department of Neurology of our tertiary care center between September 2019 and April 2022 with clinical diagnosis of GBS. It was a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. Results: Out of 49 study participants, 63.82% patients had axonal form while 36.2% of patients had acute inflammatory demyelination polyneuropathy by applying Hadden criteria. Statistically lower single breath count (SBC) (median 10.5; P < 0.0001) at admission was observed in ventilated patients compared to nonventilated patients of GBS. Conclusion: Axonal form is the most common subtype of GBS in our study cohort. SBC at admission could be an important bedside tool to predict requirement of ventilatory support in admitted patients of GBS.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"132 1","pages":"163 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86350358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_32_22
Thara Tunthanathip, Sakchai Sae-heng, T. Oearsakul, Anukoon Kaewborisutsakul, Chin Taweesomboonyat
Objective: This study aimed to use machine learning (ML) for the prediction of intraoperative packed red cell (PRC) transfusion and the number of units of transfused PRC, as well as estimate the net benefit of the ML models through decision curve analysis. Methods: The retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent cranial operations. Clinical data and transfusion data were extracted. Supervised ML algorithms were trained and tested as ML classification for the prediction of intraoperative PRC transfusion and ML regression for predicting the number of transfused PRC units. Results: Out of 2683 patients, 42.9% of neurosurgical patients intraoperatively received PRC. Artificial neural network, gradient boosting classifier, and random forest were the algorithms that had high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.912, 0.911, and 0.909, respectively, in ML classification, while random forest with regression had the lowest root mean squared error and mean absolute error in ML regression. Conclusions: ML is one of the most effective approaches to developing clinical prediction tools that can enhance the efficiency of blood utilization. Additionally, ML has become a valuable tool in modern health technologies as the computerized clinical decision support systems assist the physician in decision-making in real-world practice.
{"title":"Impact of Machine Learning Prediction on Intraoperative Transfusion in Cranial Operation: Classification, Regression, and Decision Curve Analysis","authors":"Thara Tunthanathip, Sakchai Sae-heng, T. Oearsakul, Anukoon Kaewborisutsakul, Chin Taweesomboonyat","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_32_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_32_22","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to use machine learning (ML) for the prediction of intraoperative packed red cell (PRC) transfusion and the number of units of transfused PRC, as well as estimate the net benefit of the ML models through decision curve analysis. Methods: The retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent cranial operations. Clinical data and transfusion data were extracted. Supervised ML algorithms were trained and tested as ML classification for the prediction of intraoperative PRC transfusion and ML regression for predicting the number of transfused PRC units. Results: Out of 2683 patients, 42.9% of neurosurgical patients intraoperatively received PRC. Artificial neural network, gradient boosting classifier, and random forest were the algorithms that had high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.912, 0.911, and 0.909, respectively, in ML classification, while random forest with regression had the lowest root mean squared error and mean absolute error in ML regression. Conclusions: ML is one of the most effective approaches to developing clinical prediction tools that can enhance the efficiency of blood utilization. Additionally, ML has become a valuable tool in modern health technologies as the computerized clinical decision support systems assist the physician in decision-making in real-world practice.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"174 1","pages":"186 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74775588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_9_22
A. Shrivastava, Jeetendra Kumar Gupta, Manoj Kumar Goyal
Aim: In Ayurveda, various Ocimum species have therapeutic potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of some antiepileptic drugs in epilepsy. O. sanctum has two flavonoid compounds that are orientin and vicenin, and both are responsible for their anti-seizure properties in epilepsy. Material and Methods: The ultraviolet spectroscopy instrument was used to detect the absorbance of light by the active constituent present in the herbal extract at various concentrations. A turbidity meter was used to detect the amount of turbidity in the sample. Phenobarbital (PB 40 mg/kg, per oral [p.o.]) and O. sanctum hydroalcoholic leaf extract (OSHE 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered every other day for 2 weeks in which two acute models, maximal electroshock and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), models of epilepsy were used. Result: The outcome result data were statistically compared and showed Tukey test P < 0.05 of significant anticonvulsive activity as compared to control and standard (phenobarbitone). Conclusion: We have investigated the anti-seizure activity of PB with hydroalcoholic leaves extract of O. sanctum L. by using the electrically maximal electroshock seizure and chemically (PTZ) induced convulsion acute models of epilepsy on mice. As per the histopathological study, photomicrographs (×40) of mice brain tissue showed no neuronal degenerations or focal microglia sensitivities in OSHE + PB treated group. We concluded that the standard drug exhibits a synergistic effect with OSHE for the treatment of acute seizures in mice.
{"title":"Potential Efficacy of Ocimum sanctum Hydro-Alcoholic Leaf Extract as an Adjuvant Role with Phenobarbital: Acute Models of Epilepsy on Mice","authors":"A. Shrivastava, Jeetendra Kumar Gupta, Manoj Kumar Goyal","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_9_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_9_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: In Ayurveda, various Ocimum species have therapeutic potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of some antiepileptic drugs in epilepsy. O. sanctum has two flavonoid compounds that are orientin and vicenin, and both are responsible for their anti-seizure properties in epilepsy. Material and Methods: The ultraviolet spectroscopy instrument was used to detect the absorbance of light by the active constituent present in the herbal extract at various concentrations. A turbidity meter was used to detect the amount of turbidity in the sample. Phenobarbital (PB 40 mg/kg, per oral [p.o.]) and O. sanctum hydroalcoholic leaf extract (OSHE 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered every other day for 2 weeks in which two acute models, maximal electroshock and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), models of epilepsy were used. Result: The outcome result data were statistically compared and showed Tukey test P < 0.05 of significant anticonvulsive activity as compared to control and standard (phenobarbitone). Conclusion: We have investigated the anti-seizure activity of PB with hydroalcoholic leaves extract of O. sanctum L. by using the electrically maximal electroshock seizure and chemically (PTZ) induced convulsion acute models of epilepsy on mice. As per the histopathological study, photomicrographs (×40) of mice brain tissue showed no neuronal degenerations or focal microglia sensitivities in OSHE + PB treated group. We concluded that the standard drug exhibits a synergistic effect with OSHE for the treatment of acute seizures in mice.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"33 1","pages":"134 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77595267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_36_22
Prerna Verma, J. Mahajan, S. Sushanth Kumar, S. Acharya
Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is quickly becoming a global epidemic. There is an estimated annual increase of 8%, with a corresponding economic and clinical burden. Recent research into lifestyle factors has confirmed that certain dietary characteristics can help slow the progression of chronic nephropathies. Methods: This narrative review had focus on historical and emerging data on the role of nutrition in the course of CKD, with a particular focus on dietary patterns that have been shown to reduce the risk of ESRD. In this article, obesity, lipids, protein, diabetes, and blood pressure are all discussed in order to demonstrate how the current literature reflects the way to modify the dietary aspects of these. Results: Evidence strongly supports a balanced diet, good glycemic control, lipid control, modest protein reduction, and salt reduction halts the progression of CKD . The importance of these dietary strategies is not solely the role of the dietitian, but of the entire multidisciplinary team like general physician, nephrologist, exercise instructor specially yoga in providing a consistent message. Discussion: The mechanisms underlying causes are unknown, but the message remains consistent: there is an increased need for dietary advice in the predialysis population. This has significant implications and could be a cost-effective way to help slow the progression of the disease.
{"title":"Lifestyle Modification and Nutrition: Halt the Progression to End-Stage Renal Disease","authors":"Prerna Verma, J. Mahajan, S. Sushanth Kumar, S. Acharya","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_36_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_36_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is quickly becoming a global epidemic. There is an estimated annual increase of 8%, with a corresponding economic and clinical burden. Recent research into lifestyle factors has confirmed that certain dietary characteristics can help slow the progression of chronic nephropathies. Methods: This narrative review had focus on historical and emerging data on the role of nutrition in the course of CKD, with a particular focus on dietary patterns that have been shown to reduce the risk of ESRD. In this article, obesity, lipids, protein, diabetes, and blood pressure are all discussed in order to demonstrate how the current literature reflects the way to modify the dietary aspects of these. Results: Evidence strongly supports a balanced diet, good glycemic control, lipid control, modest protein reduction, and salt reduction halts the progression of CKD . The importance of these dietary strategies is not solely the role of the dietitian, but of the entire multidisciplinary team like general physician, nephrologist, exercise instructor specially yoga in providing a consistent message. Discussion: The mechanisms underlying causes are unknown, but the message remains consistent: there is an increased need for dietary advice in the predialysis population. This has significant implications and could be a cost-effective way to help slow the progression of the disease.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"99 1","pages":"105 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83504795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_35_22
Vinothkumar Ganesan, Mohanraj Nehru, G. Shankar, Venkataraman Prabhu
Background: The universal risk to mankind, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), shares etiological cofactors with a variety of diseases, including anemic chronic kidney disease patients (CKD) with cognitive dysfunction like Alzheimer disease (AD). Understanding the shared links between COVID-19 and CKD, as well as cognitive impairment such as AD, might aid in designing therapeutic ways to combat both. Given the need of developing COVID-19 medicine, the connection and symptoms of CKD with cognitive impairment have been reviewed here, with a focus on memory and learning disturbance. Objective: COVID-19 and CKD with cognitive dysfunction share angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, and AD indicators include amyloid, tau protein, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Anemia in patients with CKD and pulmonary fibrosis is frequently treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). Through nitric oxide stimulation, neuroprotection, and various organ hypoxias, rHuEPO promotes red blood cells (RBC) growth while also assisting oxygen delivery. Results and Conclusions: In COVID-19, rHuEPO may be advantageous. The common etiological variables and manifestations outlined in this review could aid in the development of therapeutic options for COVID-19 and CKD with cognitive impairment, such as AD, and so help to eliminate the ongoing universal risk.
{"title":"The Risk of COVID-19 in Patients of Chronic Kidney Disease with Cognitive Dysfunction Like Alzheimer Disease: A Perspective on Erythropoietin as a Potential Adjuvant Therapy","authors":"Vinothkumar Ganesan, Mohanraj Nehru, G. Shankar, Venkataraman Prabhu","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_35_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_35_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The universal risk to mankind, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), shares etiological cofactors with a variety of diseases, including anemic chronic kidney disease patients (CKD) with cognitive dysfunction like Alzheimer disease (AD). Understanding the shared links between COVID-19 and CKD, as well as cognitive impairment such as AD, might aid in designing therapeutic ways to combat both. Given the need of developing COVID-19 medicine, the connection and symptoms of CKD with cognitive impairment have been reviewed here, with a focus on memory and learning disturbance. Objective: COVID-19 and CKD with cognitive dysfunction share angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, and AD indicators include amyloid, tau protein, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Anemia in patients with CKD and pulmonary fibrosis is frequently treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). Through nitric oxide stimulation, neuroprotection, and various organ hypoxias, rHuEPO promotes red blood cells (RBC) growth while also assisting oxygen delivery. Results and Conclusions: In COVID-19, rHuEPO may be advantageous. The common etiological variables and manifestations outlined in this review could aid in the development of therapeutic options for COVID-19 and CKD with cognitive impairment, such as AD, and so help to eliminate the ongoing universal risk.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"45 1","pages":"99 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76690977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：