Production of fish in any aquaculture system depends upon several factors. It has been found that parameters like temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, hardness, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate phosphorus, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD) have a critical role in fish production. An optimum value should always be maintained for these parameters for good production. Unfortunately, it is not retained due to several reasons including human activities. The parameters also differ according to seasons and other conditions. Poor physicochemical characteristics can result in poor production and economic loss. It is essential to know the standard level of these parameters and assess the value before using any water body for fish
{"title":"Physicochemical Characteristics of Inland Aquaculture: A Review","authors":"J. Adhikary","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7695","url":null,"abstract":"Production of fish in any aquaculture system depends upon several factors. It has been found that parameters like temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, hardness, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate phosphorus, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD) have a critical role in fish production. An optimum value should always be maintained for these parameters for good production. Unfortunately, it is not retained due to several reasons including human activities. The parameters also differ according to seasons and other conditions. Poor physicochemical characteristics can result in poor production and economic loss. It is essential to know the standard level of these parameters and assess the value before using any water body for fish","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73264866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In India, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) is the apex food regulatory body. Food standards are essential for ensuring the quality of the food to maintain hygiene and to prevent adulteration. A study was conducted among the veterinary students of the Madras Veterinary College. A simple random sampling was adopted for the selection of 50 respondents including B.V.Sc and M.V.Sc students. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed in order to achieve the objectives of the study. Analytical tools including descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression were used. Even though thorough knowledge about food standards were not there, overall performance showed that veterinary students were aware about the food standards prevailing in India. The particular year of study of students, age of students, employment status of the guardian, education of family members were positively correlated with the knowledge level of veterinary students on food quality standards in India.
{"title":"Factors Influencing Knowledge Level of Veterinary Students on Food Quality Standards in India","authors":"Safeer M. Saifudeen","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7594","url":null,"abstract":"In India, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) is the apex food regulatory body. Food standards are essential for ensuring the quality of the food to maintain hygiene and to prevent adulteration. A study was conducted among the veterinary students of the Madras Veterinary College. A simple random sampling was adopted for the selection of 50 respondents including B.V.Sc and M.V.Sc students. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed in order to achieve the objectives of the study. Analytical tools including descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression were used. Even though thorough knowledge about food standards were not there, overall performance showed that veterinary students were aware about the food standards prevailing in India. The particular year of study of students, age of students, employment status of the guardian, education of family members were positively correlated with the knowledge level of veterinary students on food quality standards in India.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77200478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Castor is an economically important oilseed crop with 3-5% increase in demand per annum. The castor oil has over 700 industrial uses, and its oil is sometimes considered as an alternative for biodiesel production in several countries. However, its worldwide demand is hardly met due to hampered production caused by biotic stress. One of the most critical biotic factors affecting castor production is the fungal disease, Botryotinia ricini. The study of the B. ricini disease is very essential as it affects the economic part of plant, the seed, from which castor oil is extracted. Despite the devastating harm caused by B. ricini in castor production, there is limited research and literature. Meanwhile, the disease continues to spread and destroy castor crops. The disease severity is enhanced by an increase in relative humidity, temperature (around 25oC), and high rainfall. Suggested control of the disease includes timely planting, breaking of infected panicles, wide planting interval, use of resistant varieties, and seed treatment with fungicides. Use of resistant cultivars is most appropriate against the gray mold disease, however, only few cultivars have been identified. Marker-assisted selection, a cost effective and fast method of identifying resistant cultivars and ultimately resistant genes has not been employed to date. This review investigates the current status of the gray mold disease in castor production and also discusses some effective control measures.
{"title":"Botryotinia ricini (Gray Mold); A Major Disease in Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.)","authors":"Akwasi Yeboah","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7639","url":null,"abstract":"Castor is an economically important oilseed crop with 3-5% increase in demand per annum. The castor oil has over 700 industrial uses, and its oil is sometimes considered as an alternative for biodiesel production in several countries. However, its worldwide demand is hardly met due to hampered production caused by biotic stress. One of the most critical biotic factors affecting castor production is the fungal disease, Botryotinia ricini. The study of the B. ricini disease is very essential as it affects the economic part of plant, the seed, from which castor oil is extracted. Despite the devastating harm caused by B. ricini in castor production, there is limited research and literature. Meanwhile, the disease continues to spread and destroy castor crops. The disease severity is enhanced by an increase in relative humidity, temperature (around 25oC), and high rainfall. Suggested control of the disease includes timely planting, breaking of infected panicles, wide planting interval, use of resistant varieties, and seed treatment with fungicides. Use of resistant cultivars is most appropriate against the gray mold disease, however, only few cultivars have been identified. Marker-assisted selection, a cost effective and fast method of identifying resistant cultivars and ultimately resistant genes has not been employed to date. This review investigates the current status of the gray mold disease in castor production and also discusses some effective control measures.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90036408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (CNLDO) is the condition in which a tear duct had not open at the time of birth. It is an obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system. In Infants, the majority of Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction is congenital. As a result of which, there will be a continuous discharge. The obstruction occurs most commonly at the valve of Hasner, at the lateral end of the duct. It can be unilateral or bilateral. This condition is also known as Dacryostenosis. Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction is present in 4-6% of normal newborn children. To determine the rate of Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction in pre-term and fullterm infants and the sticky discharge would be more in pre-term infants and watery discharge constitute the higher ratio in full-term infants. A comparative, observational study was conducted a Department of Paediatrics FMH College of Medicine & Dentistry, Shadman Lahore. It was six month study after the approval of synopsis from August 2017 to January 2018. Subjects were up to the age of one year. One Hundred Pre-Term and One Hundred Full-Term Infants was included in this study. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data. Regurgitation Test was used to detect obstruction below the lacrimal sac. 200 subjects were enrolled in the study to compare the incidence of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in pre-term and full-term infants. Out of them, 100 subjects were pre-tem so as full-term. Out of 200 subjects, we have 121 males (60.5%) and 79 females (39.5%).. The mean age of 200 subjects 56.5000±92.27250 days. In this study, 100 pre-term and 100 full-term infants were examined using regurgitation test to determine the presence of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Out of 100 pre-term infants, 36 were found of having nasolacrimal duct obstruction as compared to 39 full-term infants. In terms of birth history and regurgitation test, Chi Square value was 0.192 and P value is 0.385, so the results were insignificant. Out of 36 positive pre-term cases, 12 subjects were having watery discharge and 24 were having sticky discharge in contrast with 39 positive full-term infants in which 22 were found of having watery discharge and 16 were having sticky discharge. In term of birth history and type of discharge Chi square value was 4.573 and P value was 0.102, so the results were insignificant. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a common pediatric pathology seen in ophthalmology. This study reported a higher incidence of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in full-term infants as compared to pre-term infants. This might be expected in the light of fact that pre-term infants kept in a clean and protective environment for a limited period of time as compared to full-term infants.
{"title":"Comparison of Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction in Pre-Term and Full-Term Infants","authors":"M. Iqbal","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7660","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (CNLDO) is the condition in which a tear duct had not open at the time of birth. It is an obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system. In Infants, the majority of Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction is congenital. As a result of which, there will be a continuous discharge. The obstruction occurs most commonly at the valve of Hasner, at the lateral end of the duct. It can be unilateral or bilateral. This condition is also known as Dacryostenosis. Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction is present in 4-6% of normal newborn children. To determine the rate of Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction in pre-term and fullterm infants and the sticky discharge would be more in pre-term infants and watery discharge constitute the higher ratio in full-term infants. A comparative, observational study was conducted a Department of Paediatrics FMH College of Medicine & Dentistry, Shadman Lahore. It was six month study after the approval of synopsis from August 2017 to January 2018. Subjects were up to the age of one year. One Hundred Pre-Term and One Hundred Full-Term Infants was included in this study. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data. Regurgitation Test was used to detect obstruction below the lacrimal sac. 200 subjects were enrolled in the study to compare the incidence of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in pre-term and full-term infants. Out of them, 100 subjects were pre-tem so as full-term. Out of 200 subjects, we have 121 males (60.5%) and 79 females (39.5%).. The mean age of 200 subjects 56.5000±92.27250 days. In this study, 100 pre-term and 100 full-term infants were examined using regurgitation test to determine the presence of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Out of 100 pre-term infants, 36 were found of having nasolacrimal duct obstruction as compared to 39 full-term infants. In terms of birth history and regurgitation test, Chi Square value was 0.192 and P value is 0.385, so the results were insignificant. Out of 36 positive pre-term cases, 12 subjects were having watery discharge and 24 were having sticky discharge in contrast with 39 positive full-term infants in which 22 were found of having watery discharge and 16 were having sticky discharge. In term of birth history and type of discharge Chi square value was 4.573 and P value was 0.102, so the results were insignificant. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a common pediatric pathology seen in ophthalmology. This study reported a higher incidence of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in full-term infants as compared to pre-term infants. This might be expected in the light of fact that pre-term infants kept in a clean and protective environment for a limited period of time as compared to full-term infants.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78359724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Outbreak of HIV/Aids in Very Low Risk Population in District Larkana, Pakistan: Cross Sectional Study","authors":"Asmat Nawaz","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7599","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87299921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rice is the staple food of people in several parts of the world and is also second most extensively used up cereal in the world after wheat. As the key dietary source of carbohydrates, it plays a vital role in fulfilling energy requirements and nutrient intakes. The cooking quality of rice is one of the significant factors affecting the consumer acceptability. Freshly harvested rice becomes a sticky mass during the cooking process and only slight swelling is obtained. A good quantity of solids is lost into the cooking water resulting in a thick gruel and there are chances of splitting of rice kernels on sides. Therefore, some pretreatments can be done to improve the cooking quality of rice. In the present study, rice samples were exposed to infrared pretreatment with different power levels and exposure time. Cooking characteristics such as cooking time, grain elongation, water uptake, gruel loss, swelling index, alkali digestion score was analyzed after the treatment. The hardness of cooked rice was also measured. After the treatment it was observed that the rice samples showed higher cooking time and more elongation of grains when exposed to maximum power. Other characteristics namely swelling index, water uptake and gruel loss were also improved after the treatment. Hardness of rice also increased indicating that infrared pretreatment can be used effectively in enhancing the cooking characteristics of rice.
{"title":"Effect of Infrared Pretreatment on the Cooking Characteristics of Traditional Rice Varieties","authors":"A. Pushparaj","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7554","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is the staple food of people in several parts of the world and is also second most extensively used up cereal in the world after wheat. As the key dietary source of carbohydrates, it plays a vital role in fulfilling energy requirements and nutrient intakes. The cooking quality of rice is one of the significant factors affecting the consumer acceptability. Freshly harvested rice becomes a sticky mass during the cooking process and only slight swelling is obtained. A good quantity of solids is lost into the cooking water resulting in a thick gruel and there are chances of splitting of rice kernels on sides. Therefore, some pretreatments can be done to improve the cooking quality of rice. In the present study, rice samples were exposed to infrared pretreatment with different power levels and exposure time. Cooking characteristics such as cooking time, grain elongation, water uptake, gruel loss, swelling index, alkali digestion score was analyzed after the treatment. The hardness of cooked rice was also measured. After the treatment it was observed that the rice samples showed higher cooking time and more elongation of grains when exposed to maximum power. Other characteristics namely swelling index, water uptake and gruel loss were also improved after the treatment. Hardness of rice also increased indicating that infrared pretreatment can be used effectively in enhancing the cooking characteristics of rice.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80028550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Combining ability was studied using a line × tester (10 × 4) analysis in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). The analysis of variance for combing ability and the estimates of variance components indicated that the mean squares due to lines were significant for all characters which revealed significant contribution of lines towards general combining ability variance components for most of traits. The mean squares due to testers were also found significant for all the characters except number of spikelets per main spike, grain filling period and 100grain weight suggesting the larger contribution of testers towards component of gca variance. The mean sum of squares due to lines × testers interaction observed significant for all yield attributing traits which revealed the significant contribution of hybrids for specific combining ability variance components. The best general combiners for various characters were DBPY 2012-06 for grain yield per plant, MACS 4054 for days to heading, 100-grain weight, grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index, UAS 428 for plant height, grain filling period and number of grains per main spike, GW 2010-275 for length of main spike and number of spikelets per main spike, UPD 2949 days to maturity and WHD 960 for number of effective tillers per plant. The best specific combiner was GDW 1255 × UPD 2949 for grain yield per plant.
{"title":"Combining Ability Analysis for Grain Yield and Its Components in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)","authors":"Nidhi A. Bajaniya","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7664","url":null,"abstract":"Combining ability was studied using a line × tester (10 × 4) analysis in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). The analysis of variance for combing ability and the estimates of variance components indicated that the mean squares due to lines were significant for all characters which revealed significant contribution of lines towards general combining ability variance components for most of traits. The mean squares due to testers were also found significant for all the characters except number of spikelets per main spike, grain filling period and 100grain weight suggesting the larger contribution of testers towards component of gca variance. The mean sum of squares due to lines × testers interaction observed significant for all yield attributing traits which revealed the significant contribution of hybrids for specific combining ability variance components. The best general combiners for various characters were DBPY 2012-06 for grain yield per plant, MACS 4054 for days to heading, 100-grain weight, grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index, UAS 428 for plant height, grain filling period and number of grains per main spike, GW 2010-275 for length of main spike and number of spikelets per main spike, UPD 2949 days to maturity and WHD 960 for number of effective tillers per plant. The best specific combiner was GDW 1255 × UPD 2949 for grain yield per plant.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82749754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Harvesting Stages on Seed Quality Parameters during Storage","authors":"D. S. Patel","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7571","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78553730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
People of all ages and diverse abilities under varied habitats enjoy higher levels of health and well-being when they have access to nature nearby in parks, gardens, greenways, naturalized schoolyards and playgrounds and natural landscaping around homes and workplaces. Access to nature has been related to lower levels of mortality and illness, higher levels of outdoor physical activity, restoration from stress, a greater sense of well-being and augmented social capital. The key natural elements that promote well-being include trees, diverse vegetation, local biodiversity, water features, parks, natural plays capes, community and school gardens. The integration of nature into towns and cities has ample secondary benefits that contribute to better health and more sustainable societies. Trees and vegetation capture carbon dioxide and mitigate global warming. They buffer noise, offer shade, reduce the effect of heat is lands, and trap particulates as well harmful airborne pollutants. Parks and other natural niches filter groundwater, reduce storm water runoff, and prevent combined sewer overflows, thereby improving the functioning of both public and private water systems. Health professionals increasingly recognize the value of farm and garden-scale urban agriculture. Growing food and non-food crops in and near cities contributes to healthy communities by engaging residents in work and recreation that improves individual health, wellness and public well-being. This article outlines the benefits of urban agriculture with regard to nutrition, food security, exercise, mental health with enriched social and physical urban environments. The society needs intervention at macro and micro – level in urban as well sub urban areas for honestly supporting people doing gardening and nature conservation work which improves physical and mental wealth of people and should have a positive impact on human wellness and increase of balanced social life in this technology driven era.
{"title":"A Review on Closer Linkage of Human Well-Being Indices with Gardening and Recreational Nature","authors":"Y. Singh","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7619","url":null,"abstract":"People of all ages and diverse abilities under varied habitats enjoy higher levels of health and well-being when they have access to nature nearby in parks, gardens, greenways, naturalized schoolyards and playgrounds and natural landscaping around homes and workplaces. Access to nature has been related to lower levels of mortality and illness, higher levels of outdoor physical activity, restoration from stress, a greater sense of well-being and augmented social capital. The key natural elements that promote well-being include trees, diverse vegetation, local biodiversity, water features, parks, natural plays capes, community and school gardens. The integration of nature into towns and cities has ample secondary benefits that contribute to better health and more sustainable societies. Trees and vegetation capture carbon dioxide and mitigate global warming. They buffer noise, offer shade, reduce the effect of heat is lands, and trap particulates as well harmful airborne pollutants. Parks and other natural niches filter groundwater, reduce storm water runoff, and prevent combined sewer overflows, thereby improving the functioning of both public and private water systems. Health professionals increasingly recognize the value of farm and garden-scale urban agriculture. Growing food and non-food crops in and near cities contributes to healthy communities by engaging residents in work and recreation that improves individual health, wellness and public well-being. This article outlines the benefits of urban agriculture with regard to nutrition, food security, exercise, mental health with enriched social and physical urban environments. The society needs intervention at macro and micro – level in urban as well sub urban areas for honestly supporting people doing gardening and nature conservation work which improves physical and mental wealth of people and should have a positive impact on human wellness and increase of balanced social life in this technology driven era.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89633448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment on the influence of crop establishment methods and weeding regimes on the yield and yield components of fonio (D. exilis) was carried out during the cropping season of 2017 and 2018 at the research field of the National Cereals Research Institute, Badeggi (Lat. 9 o 45 1 N and Long 6 o 97 1 E). The treatments consisted of two crop establishment methods (broadcasting and drilling at 30cm inter-row spacing and four weeding regimes (weeding once (w1), weeding twice (W2), weeding thrice (W3) and a weedy check (wo). A split-plot design was used such that crop establishment methods were allocated to the main plots and weeding regimes were assigned to the sub-plots. The experiment was replicated four times. The land was prepared manually but ensured to be leveled properly. The plot size was 3.0m x 4.0m leaving a distance of 1.0m between replications and 0.5m between plots as alleyways. Fonio (Vakahal (Local) accession was used. Fertilizer (NPK 15:15:15) was used to supply 30kg N ha -1 , 30kg P2O5gha -1 and 30kg K20 ha -1 basal. Weed management was by manual hand pulling of weeds 4 weeks after sowing (WAS). Data taken include number of tillers, plant height, length of spikes and grain yield respectively. Results showed that drilling method of sowing produced more tillers, taller plants and higher grain yield in both years compared to broadcasting method. Crop establishment methods had no significant influence on length of spikes in both years of experimentation. Among the weeding regime treatments, weeding thrice had significantly higher tillers, plant height and grain yield over the other treatments in both years. From this study, the best method of sowing fonio (D. exilis) is by drilling and weeding thrice.
一个实验对作物的影响建立方法和除草政权的产量和产量构成fonio (d . exilis)在种植季节进行的2017年和2018年国家谷物研究所的研究领域,Badeggi (Lat。9 o N和长6 o 45 97 1 E)。治疗包括两种作物建立方法(广播和钻井在30厘米行间间距和四个除草政权(除草一次(w1),除草的两倍(W2),除草三次(W3)，除草一次(2)。采用分块设计，将作物种植方法分配给主地块，将除草制度分配给副地块。这个实验重复了四次。土地是手工准备的，但要确保平整。小区大小为3.0m x 4.0m，小区间间隔1.0m，小区间间隔0.5m作为小巷。使用Fonio (Vakahal (Local))加入。施用氮磷钾(NPK) 15:15:15，基肥N - ha -1 30kg, P2O5gha -1 30kg, K20 - ha -1 30kg。杂草管理采用播种后4周手动拔除杂草的方法。所取数据分别包括分蘖数、株高、穗长和籽粒产量。结果表明，与撒播法相比，钻播法两年度分蘖数多，植株高，籽粒产量高。栽培方法对穗长无显著影响。除草三次处理的分蘖数、株高和产量均显著高于其他处理。从本研究结果来看，最佳的播种方法是钻三次，除草三次。
{"title":"Influence of Crop Establishment Methods and Weeding Regimes on Yield and Some Yield Components of Fonio (Digitaria exilis Kippis Stapf) at Badeggi, Nigeria","authors":"S. Dachi","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7208","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment on the influence of crop establishment methods and weeding regimes on the yield and yield components of fonio (D. exilis) was carried out during the cropping season of 2017 and 2018 at the research field of the National Cereals Research Institute, Badeggi (Lat. 9 o 45 1 N and Long 6 o 97 1 E). The treatments consisted of two crop establishment methods (broadcasting and drilling at 30cm inter-row spacing and four weeding regimes (weeding once (w1), weeding twice (W2), weeding thrice (W3) and a weedy check (wo). A split-plot design was used such that crop establishment methods were allocated to the main plots and weeding regimes were assigned to the sub-plots. The experiment was replicated four times. The land was prepared manually but ensured to be leveled properly. The plot size was 3.0m x 4.0m leaving a distance of 1.0m between replications and 0.5m between plots as alleyways. Fonio (Vakahal (Local) accession was used. Fertilizer (NPK 15:15:15) was used to supply 30kg N ha -1 , 30kg P2O5gha -1 and 30kg K20 ha -1 basal. Weed management was by manual hand pulling of weeds 4 weeks after sowing (WAS). Data taken include number of tillers, plant height, length of spikes and grain yield respectively. Results showed that drilling method of sowing produced more tillers, taller plants and higher grain yield in both years compared to broadcasting method. Crop establishment methods had no significant influence on length of spikes in both years of experimentation. Among the weeding regime treatments, weeding thrice had significantly higher tillers, plant height and grain yield over the other treatments in both years. From this study, the best method of sowing fonio (D. exilis) is by drilling and weeding thrice.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86716559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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