The traditional milling processing practices used in rice and pulses milling, yields significant amounts in the form of brokens from rice and dal mill industries. That brokens do not find appropriate market and are listed as losses of the milling industries, generally disposed off cheaply, whereas they have equally rich in the nutrition as comparable to whole grain. In developing countries protein malnutrition is a big issue for most of the population. The objective of this study was to develop a novel snack made with rice and pigeon pea dal brokens, yields from milling industries commonly considered as wastage, by using extrusion cooking technology. The effect of process parameters i.e. moisture content of feed and feed blend ration, as well as the operational parameters i.e. barrel temperature, die head temperature and screw speed of extruder on physio-chemical properties of extrudates were studied. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) of response surface methodology was used to develop prediction model. Second order quadratic regression model was fitted in the variation. The significance was established at p≤ 0.05. The results suggested that the extrusion variables (i.e. process and operational parameters) were found significance influence on the extrudate physio-chemical properties as well as both independently and interactively. The feed blend ratio and extruder barrel temperature were observed to be the most significant factors that affected the extrudate properties. The best extrusion conditions was obtained at screw speed of 135 rpm, barrel temperature of 130 0 C and die head temperature 190 0 C based on moisture content, expansion ratio, bulk density, and protein content of the extruded products. This study demonstrated that extruded products could be prepared from blends of rice broken flour and pigeon pea dal broken flour under different ranges of extrusion conditions.
{"title":"Effect of Extrusion Parameters on Physio-Chemical Properties of Extruded Products Prepares by Rice and Pigeon Pea Dal Broken Flour Blends","authors":"Ajeet Sarathe","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7797","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional milling processing practices used in rice and pulses milling, yields significant amounts in the form of brokens from rice and dal mill industries. That brokens do not find appropriate market and are listed as losses of the milling industries, generally disposed off cheaply, whereas they have equally rich in the nutrition as comparable to whole grain. In developing countries protein malnutrition is a big issue for most of the population. The objective of this study was to develop a novel snack made with rice and pigeon pea dal brokens, yields from milling industries commonly considered as wastage, by using extrusion cooking technology. The effect of process parameters i.e. moisture content of feed and feed blend ration, as well as the operational parameters i.e. barrel temperature, die head temperature and screw speed of extruder on physio-chemical properties of extrudates were studied. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) of response surface methodology was used to develop prediction model. Second order quadratic regression model was fitted in the variation. The significance was established at p≤ 0.05. The results suggested that the extrusion variables (i.e. process and operational parameters) were found significance influence on the extrudate physio-chemical properties as well as both independently and interactively. The feed blend ratio and extruder barrel temperature were observed to be the most significant factors that affected the extrudate properties. The best extrusion conditions was obtained at screw speed of 135 rpm, barrel temperature of 130 0 C and die head temperature 190 0 C based on moisture content, expansion ratio, bulk density, and protein content of the extruded products. This study demonstrated that extruded products could be prepared from blends of rice broken flour and pigeon pea dal broken flour under different ranges of extrusion conditions.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89445398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phosphorus is the most common nutrient which helps the plants to convert metabolites into usable building blocks for growth. The use of phosphate solubilising bacteria as inoculants simultaneously increases P uptake by the plants and hence improves crop yield. Strains from the genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Rhizobium are among the most powerful Phosphate solubilisers. The principal mechanism for mineral phosphate solubilisation is the production of organic acids. Acid phosphatase plays a major role in the mineralization of organic phosphorous in soil. Several phosphatase encoding genes have been cloned and characterized. A few genes involved in mineral phosphate solubilisation have been isolated. Therefore, genetic manipulation of phosphate solubilising bacteria can improve plant growth. Synergistic effect of phosphate solubilising microorganisms on TCP solubilisation was highest when triple culture of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Trichoderma sp. was inoculated in NBRIP broth as compared to double and single inoculations.
{"title":"P Solubilisers for Sustainance of Agriculture- A Review","authors":"A. Chatli","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7852","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus is the most common nutrient which helps the plants to convert metabolites into usable building blocks for growth. The use of phosphate solubilising bacteria as inoculants simultaneously increases P uptake by the plants and hence improves crop yield. Strains from the genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Rhizobium are among the most powerful Phosphate solubilisers. The principal mechanism for mineral phosphate solubilisation is the production of organic acids. Acid phosphatase plays a major role in the mineralization of organic phosphorous in soil. Several phosphatase encoding genes have been cloned and characterized. A few genes involved in mineral phosphate solubilisation have been isolated. Therefore, genetic manipulation of phosphate solubilising bacteria can improve plant growth. Synergistic effect of phosphate solubilising microorganisms on TCP solubilisation was highest when triple culture of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Trichoderma sp. was inoculated in NBRIP broth as compared to double and single inoculations.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88155867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of different cultivars and integrated nutrient management practices on summer pearl millet has been studied in an experiment conducted at College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar. This study was carried out during Summer season, 2017 in sandy loam soil. It comprised of three cultivars namely, ICMV-221 (C1), Dhanashakti (C2) and PHB-3 (C3) and three integrated nutrient management practices i.e 100% RDF (F1), 75% RDF + 25% N through vermicompost (F2) and 75% RDF + Biofertilizers @ 5 kg ha -1 (F3) incubated with vermicompost @ 500 kg ha -1 (F3) which were tested under Factorial randomised block design in three replications. Growth, yield and economics was found to rise with C3 among the three cultivars. Application of integrated nutrient management practices resulted in increased growth, yield and economics of pearl millet with F3.
在印度拉金得拉纳格农业学院进行了不同品种和综合营养管理措施对夏珍珠粟的影响试验。本研究于2017年夏季在沙质壤土中进行。它由三个品种组成，即icdv -221 (C1)， Dhanashakti (C2)和PHB-3 (C3)，以及三种综合营养管理措施，即100% RDF (F1)， 75% RDF + 25% N通过蚯蚓堆肥(F2)和75% RDF +生物肥料@ 5 kg ha -1 (F3)与蚯蚓堆肥@ 500 kg ha -1 (F3)孵育，在三个重复的随机区组设计中进行试验。3个品种的生长、产量和经济性均随C3的增加而提高。采用综合营养管理措施，F3对珍珠粟的生长、产量和经济性均有提高。
{"title":"Cultivars and Integrated Nutrient Management Influence on Summer Pearl Millet","authors":"G. Divya","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7746","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of different cultivars and integrated nutrient management practices on summer pearl millet has been studied in an experiment conducted at College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar. This study was carried out during Summer season, 2017 in sandy loam soil. It comprised of three cultivars namely, ICMV-221 (C1), Dhanashakti (C2) and PHB-3 (C3) and three integrated nutrient management practices i.e 100% RDF (F1), 75% RDF + 25% N through vermicompost (F2) and 75% RDF + Biofertilizers @ 5 kg ha -1 (F3) incubated with vermicompost @ 500 kg ha -1 (F3) which were tested under Factorial randomised block design in three replications. Growth, yield and economics was found to rise with C3 among the three cultivars. Application of integrated nutrient management practices resulted in increased growth, yield and economics of pearl millet with F3.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82444196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maize crop is being suffering from many biotic and abiotic stresses and among the biotic stresses diseases causes the major loss of the crop. Among the diseases Fusarium stalk rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides is one of the important disease has to be managed in order to reduce the yield losses. The main objective of this study is to find out the resistant sources of maize which can be used for resistant breeding programme. In our study 50 inbred lines and 50 hybrids were screened against F. verticillioides during Kharif 2018 at college of agriculture V C Farm Mandya. Out of 50 maize inbred lines only 5 lines were scored as resistant and 19 lines were moderately resistant. Out of 50 maize hybrids none of them were resistant and 10 hybrids were moderately resistance. The checks CM 202 (Resistant check) and 30-B07 (Susceptible check) showed resistant and susceptible reaction against F. verticillioides.
{"title":"Evaluation of Maize Inbred and Hybrids against Fusarium Stalk Rot Caused by Fusarium verticillioides","authors":"B. Lingaraj","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7570","url":null,"abstract":"Maize crop is being suffering from many biotic and abiotic stresses and among the biotic stresses diseases causes the major loss of the crop. Among the diseases Fusarium stalk rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides is one of the important disease has to be managed in order to reduce the yield losses. The main objective of this study is to find out the resistant sources of maize which can be used for resistant breeding programme. In our study 50 inbred lines and 50 hybrids were screened against F. verticillioides during Kharif 2018 at college of agriculture V C Farm Mandya. Out of 50 maize inbred lines only 5 lines were scored as resistant and 19 lines were moderately resistant. Out of 50 maize hybrids none of them were resistant and 10 hybrids were moderately resistance. The checks CM 202 (Resistant check) and 30-B07 (Susceptible check) showed resistant and susceptible reaction against F. verticillioides.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83762481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The sludge from the textile treatment plants is considered as perilous in nature as it contains heavy metals of chemicals and dyestuffs. After the treatment of textile water, the generated sludge is mostly disposed off in landfills. An attempt has been made to find an eco-friendly and cost effective solution for the sludge management as the processes related to transportation and disposals are very costly. All the tests were conducted as per Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) codes by partial replacement of textile mill sludge with fine aggregates up to 55% in M20 grade of concrete adding 1% plasticizer by weight of cement. An experimental program was conducted to find out the compressive strength and durability of concrete. The replacement of textile mill sludge in concrete mix influences the properties of concrete as it has low values of specific gravity and density. After conducting the experiments on 252 specimens, recommendations have been made regarding optimum addition of percentage of textile mill sludge without compromising compressive strength of concrete.
{"title":"Utilization of Textile Mill Sludge Waste in Concrete - An Experimental Study","authors":"H. Kaur","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7615","url":null,"abstract":"The sludge from the textile treatment plants is considered as perilous in nature as it contains heavy metals of chemicals and dyestuffs. After the treatment of textile water, the generated sludge is mostly disposed off in landfills. An attempt has been made to find an eco-friendly and cost effective solution for the sludge management as the processes related to transportation and disposals are very costly. All the tests were conducted as per Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) codes by partial replacement of textile mill sludge with fine aggregates up to 55% in M20 grade of concrete adding 1% plasticizer by weight of cement. An experimental program was conducted to find out the compressive strength and durability of concrete. The replacement of textile mill sludge in concrete mix influences the properties of concrete as it has low values of specific gravity and density. After conducting the experiments on 252 specimens, recommendations have been made regarding optimum addition of percentage of textile mill sludge without compromising compressive strength of concrete.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74381467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Rainfall Modelling","authors":"V. Paradkar","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7690","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75496934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
White yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) is grown as a major food crop in tropical countries. It is emerging as an important tuber crop in India especially in Kerala and it is well known for its yield potential. ICARCentral Tuber Crops Research Institute holds a field gene bank of 1100 Dioscorea accessions including 158 white yam genotypes. Genetic variability in plants can be used for developing improved cultivars with desirable traits. Present study focused on identifying genetic variability in 30 white yam genotypes (Dwarf, Semi dwarf and Tall) using 19 random oligonucleotide primers for RAPD analysis. On 19 RAPD primers, only 8 primers were selected based on their polymorphism and repeatability. Among the eight RAPD primers studied in white yam, OPW -16 was found be the best that produced ten polymorphic bands. All the primers evaluated resulted in 100% polymorphism. All the primers were recorded with high PIC value of >0.6. Dendrogram based on RAPD marker showed nine clusters at 0.8 dissimilarity level. It also shows the high divergence of the genotype V20 (DR17) and the clustering pattern indicates the grouping of the dwarf genotypes together. More or less similar clusters were obtained based on certain morphological characteristics of the genotypes observed in the field study.
{"title":"Genetic Diversity Analysis in White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers","authors":"Parvathy Harikuma","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7818","url":null,"abstract":"White yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) is grown as a major food crop in tropical countries. It is emerging as an important tuber crop in India especially in Kerala and it is well known for its yield potential. ICARCentral Tuber Crops Research Institute holds a field gene bank of 1100 Dioscorea accessions including 158 white yam genotypes. Genetic variability in plants can be used for developing improved cultivars with desirable traits. Present study focused on identifying genetic variability in 30 white yam genotypes (Dwarf, Semi dwarf and Tall) using 19 random oligonucleotide primers for RAPD analysis. On 19 RAPD primers, only 8 primers were selected based on their polymorphism and repeatability. Among the eight RAPD primers studied in white yam, OPW -16 was found be the best that produced ten polymorphic bands. All the primers evaluated resulted in 100% polymorphism. All the primers were recorded with high PIC value of >0.6. Dendrogram based on RAPD marker showed nine clusters at 0.8 dissimilarity level. It also shows the high divergence of the genotype V20 (DR17) and the clustering pattern indicates the grouping of the dwarf genotypes together. More or less similar clusters were obtained based on certain morphological characteristics of the genotypes observed in the field study.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81087498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The beneficial effects of Brassica vegetables on health improvement have been partly attributed to the presence of various forms of phytochemicals and antioxidants present in it, e.g. ascorbic acid, carotenoids and polyphenol compounds including flavonoids and chlorophyll. Two Brassica vegetables viz. broccoli (Brassica oleracea) and kale (Brassica oleraceae l.var acephala) which, grown organically and conventionally were analysed for their phytochemicals content. The ascorbic acid content of organically grown broccoli and kale was 89.67±0.33 and 48.67±0.33 mg/100g which was comparatively higher when compared with inorganic counterparts with 84.80±0.40 and 43.33±0.67 mg/100g values respectively. The beta carotene content was found to be higher in case of organic broccoli i.e. 11.17±0.01 ppm as compared to 8.71±0.01 ppm in inorganic broccoli. The chlorophyll content was higher in case of inorganic broccoli (5.87±0.03 mg/L) and kale (8.31±0.01 mg/L). Simple phenol and flavanoids were found to be higher in case of organic kale as compared to inorganic kale. Total phenols, tannins and oxalates were found to be higher in inorganic broccoli and kale. Both broccoli and kale were good sources of pytochemicals. From the findings of the study concluded that they are rich in health–promoting phytochemicals so should be included in our food basket to provide protection against various diseases especially cancer. The cultivation and consumption of broccoli and kale should be promoted to harness their health promoting and health protecting beneficial effects. The phytochemical contents of the leafy vegetables serve as supplements for food and also have the potential to improve the health status of its users as a result of the presence of various compounds vital for good health.
{"title":"Health Promoting Bioactive Phytochemicals Present in Organically and Conventionally Grown Exotic Brassica Vegetables","authors":"P. Chaudhary","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.6891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.6891","url":null,"abstract":"The beneficial effects of Brassica vegetables on health improvement have been partly attributed to the presence of various forms of phytochemicals and antioxidants present in it, e.g. ascorbic acid, carotenoids and polyphenol compounds including flavonoids and chlorophyll. Two Brassica vegetables viz. broccoli (Brassica oleracea) and kale (Brassica oleraceae l.var acephala) which, grown organically and conventionally were analysed for their phytochemicals content. The ascorbic acid content of organically grown broccoli and kale was 89.67±0.33 and 48.67±0.33 mg/100g which was comparatively higher when compared with inorganic counterparts with 84.80±0.40 and 43.33±0.67 mg/100g values respectively. The beta carotene content was found to be higher in case of organic broccoli i.e. 11.17±0.01 ppm as compared to 8.71±0.01 ppm in inorganic broccoli. The chlorophyll content was higher in case of inorganic broccoli (5.87±0.03 mg/L) and kale (8.31±0.01 mg/L). Simple phenol and flavanoids were found to be higher in case of organic kale as compared to inorganic kale. Total phenols, tannins and oxalates were found to be higher in inorganic broccoli and kale. Both broccoli and kale were good sources of pytochemicals. From the findings of the study concluded that they are rich in health–promoting phytochemicals so should be included in our food basket to provide protection against various diseases especially cancer. The cultivation and consumption of broccoli and kale should be promoted to harness their health promoting and health protecting beneficial effects. The phytochemical contents of the leafy vegetables serve as supplements for food and also have the potential to improve the health status of its users as a result of the presence of various compounds vital for good health.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86832736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated Management of Sclerotium Wilt of Potato Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.","authors":"V. Kulkarni","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7628","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84985389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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