Lipase (glycerol ester hydrolases EC 3,1,1,3) is a important biocatalyst because of their demand in various industrial application. In this study lipolytic bacteria isolate KK12 Bacillus spp. was isolate from oil contaminated sample by using tributyrine agar medium. Isolate KK12 bacillus spp gave the highest zone of hydrolysis with 25mm. Lipase production was improved by optimized for different oils, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, substrate, pH, temperature, metal ions. The highest lipase activity was 14U/l at 37 0 C at pH 7.6. In this study isolate KK12 Bacillus spp giving best activity with peptone was 9.2U/l. Lipase activity was high in olive oil about 9.8U/l at 37 0 C after 48hours incubation than other substrate. Other different parameters like pH, temp., metal ions also study in this research same all of these.
{"title":"Isolation and Medium Optimization of Bacterial Lipase from oil Mill","authors":"K. Patel","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7560","url":null,"abstract":"Lipase (glycerol ester hydrolases EC 3,1,1,3) is a important biocatalyst because of their demand in various industrial application. In this study lipolytic bacteria isolate KK12 Bacillus spp. was isolate from oil contaminated sample by using tributyrine agar medium. Isolate KK12 bacillus spp gave the highest zone of hydrolysis with 25mm. Lipase production was improved by optimized for different oils, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, substrate, pH, temperature, metal ions. The highest lipase activity was 14U/l at 37 0 C at pH 7.6. In this study isolate KK12 Bacillus spp giving best activity with peptone was 9.2U/l. Lipase activity was high in olive oil about 9.8U/l at 37 0 C after 48hours incubation than other substrate. Other different parameters like pH, temp., metal ions also study in this research same all of these.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83433534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. P. Bowlekar, Dapoli Dist Ratnagiri India Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth
The performance evaluation of real time automatic irrigation system designed and developed at the Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dapoli were carried out during January 2017 to April 2018. Cabbage crop was grown on the plot of 14.35 m x 17.10 m size along with micro-sprinklers of 26 lph discharge which were installed at spacing of 1.5 m x 1.5 m. The crop spacing of 0.30 m x 0.45 m was used with raised beds. The designed controller was installed in the field for the entire crop period from 29/01/2017 to 28/04/2017. The four sensors were randomly installed in the field, out of which two sensors were at the depth of 5 cm and the remaining two sensors were at the depth of 10 cm near to the root zone of the crop. The results revealed that the depth of water required on ETC basis was 304.37 mm while controller actually applied 283.74 mm water throughout the crop period on real time soil moisture basis. Thus, the real time automatic irrigation system saved 6.78 per cent water of total water requirement over the climatological data. The moisture content study shows that the moisture content in the field was always maintained between the field capacity and 50% depletion of permanent wilting point. The real time automatic irrigation system recorded cabbage yield of 59.54 t/ha which was 18.40% more than manual irrigation system.
在2017年1月至2018年4月期间，对大波利农业工程技术学院排灌工程系自行设计开发的实时自动灌溉系统进行了性能评估。白菜种植在14.35米× 17.10米的地块上，并在1.5米× 1.5米的间距上安装了26英里/小时排量的微型喷水器。作物间距为0.30 m x 0.45 m，采用凸起床。设计的控制器在2017年1月29日至2017年4月28日的整个作物生育期安装在田间。4个传感器随机安装在田间，其中2个传感器安装在作物根区附近5 cm处，其余2个传感器安装在作物根区附近10 cm处。结果表明，在ETC基础上所需水量为304.37 mm，而在实时土壤湿度基础上，控制器在整个作物期实际施水量为283.74 mm。因此，实时自动灌溉系统比气候数据节省了总需水量的6.78%。含水率研究表明，田间含水率始终保持在田间容量和永久萎蔫点枯竭50%之间。实时自动灌溉系统白菜产量为59.54 t/ hm2，比人工灌溉系统增产18.40%。
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Real Time Automatic Irrigation System on the Yield of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.)","authors":"A. P. Bowlekar, Dapoli Dist Ratnagiri India Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7433","url":null,"abstract":"The performance evaluation of real time automatic irrigation system designed and developed at the Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dapoli were carried out during January 2017 to April 2018. Cabbage crop was grown on the plot of 14.35 m x 17.10 m size along with micro-sprinklers of 26 lph discharge which were installed at spacing of 1.5 m x 1.5 m. The crop spacing of 0.30 m x 0.45 m was used with raised beds. The designed controller was installed in the field for the entire crop period from 29/01/2017 to 28/04/2017. The four sensors were randomly installed in the field, out of which two sensors were at the depth of 5 cm and the remaining two sensors were at the depth of 10 cm near to the root zone of the crop. The results revealed that the depth of water required on ETC basis was 304.37 mm while controller actually applied 283.74 mm water throughout the crop period on real time soil moisture basis. Thus, the real time automatic irrigation system saved 6.78 per cent water of total water requirement over the climatological data. The moisture content study shows that the moisture content in the field was always maintained between the field capacity and 50% depletion of permanent wilting point. The real time automatic irrigation system recorded cabbage yield of 59.54 t/ha which was 18.40% more than manual irrigation system.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84813283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Nickel Treatment on Antioxidant Responses and Secondary Metabolite Production in Eryngium foetidium Linn.","authors":"L. Manjunatha","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7851","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89306551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yams are one of the most important tuber crop grown in India. They are members of genus Dioscorea which produces tubers, bulbils or rhizomes having economic importance. They are consumed as staple food and are rich in starch and energy. The most important part of yam is tuber. Yam propagation is by seeds using conventional methods is slow and not adequate for rapid multiplication. In yam cultivation, the most important problem faced by farmers is the non availability of quality planting material, because part of the tuber itself is saved as planting material for next season. Quality of planting material should also be assured to ensure good sprouting and less contamination. In vitro propagation helps to avoid problems related to ex vitro. So the necessity of standardization of protocol for in vitro propagation is inevitable and attempted in the present study. It helps in mass propagation of bushy white yam and enhances the availability of planting materials to farmers. Yam tubers have long dormant period that restricts sprouting or germination faster. This leads to restricting supply and the rate of progress of crop improvement. Present study also focused on the application of thiourea which decreased the dormancy period progressively.
{"title":"In vitro Propagation and Study of Thiourea in Effective Breakage of Bud Dormancy in White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.)","authors":"P. Harikumar","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7817","url":null,"abstract":"Yams are one of the most important tuber crop grown in India. They are members of genus Dioscorea which produces tubers, bulbils or rhizomes having economic importance. They are consumed as staple food and are rich in starch and energy. The most important part of yam is tuber. Yam propagation is by seeds using conventional methods is slow and not adequate for rapid multiplication. In yam cultivation, the most important problem faced by farmers is the non availability of quality planting material, because part of the tuber itself is saved as planting material for next season. Quality of planting material should also be assured to ensure good sprouting and less contamination. In vitro propagation helps to avoid problems related to ex vitro. So the necessity of standardization of protocol for in vitro propagation is inevitable and attempted in the present study. It helps in mass propagation of bushy white yam and enhances the availability of planting materials to farmers. Yam tubers have long dormant period that restricts sprouting or germination faster. This leads to restricting supply and the rate of progress of crop improvement. Present study also focused on the application of thiourea which decreased the dormancy period progressively.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85729366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Climate changes and rainfall has been erratic over the past decade. Due to this in recent era, climate-smart methods called as smart agriculture is adopted by many Indian farmers. One of the important applications of IOT is Smart Agriculture. It reduces wastage of water, fertilizers and increases the crop yield. Smart agriculture is an automated and directed information technology implemented with the IOT (Internet of Things). IOT is developing rapidly and widely applied in all wireless environments. In this project, sensor technology and wireless networks integration of IOT technology has been studied and reviewed based on the actual situation of agricultural system. Temperature sensor, Humidity sensor and Rain sensor which senses the temperature, moisture content in the soil. A combined approach with internet and wireless communications, Remote Monitoring System (RMS) is proposed. Major objective is to collect real time data of agriculture production environment that provides easy access for cultivation and increases the crop yield. By monitoring the field using the IP address Nutrient deficiency in the soil are detected and rectified.
{"title":"Smart Agriculture Monitoring System using IoT","authors":"P. Prema","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7439","url":null,"abstract":": Climate changes and rainfall has been erratic over the past decade. Due to this in recent era, climate-smart methods called as smart agriculture is adopted by many Indian farmers. One of the important applications of IOT is Smart Agriculture. It reduces wastage of water, fertilizers and increases the crop yield. Smart agriculture is an automated and directed information technology implemented with the IOT (Internet of Things). IOT is developing rapidly and widely applied in all wireless environments. In this project, sensor technology and wireless networks integration of IOT technology has been studied and reviewed based on the actual situation of agricultural system. Temperature sensor, Humidity sensor and Rain sensor which senses the temperature, moisture content in the soil. A combined approach with internet and wireless communications, Remote Monitoring System (RMS) is proposed. Major objective is to collect real time data of agriculture production environment that provides easy access for cultivation and increases the crop yield. By monitoring the field using the IP address Nutrient deficiency in the soil are detected and rectified.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88198239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present investigation, fortification of lassi with carrot pulp was aimed to enrich the product with vitamin A. The physico-chemical composition of end product was observed as fat content 2.48-2.37, acidity 0.42-0.51 (as per cent lactic acid), total sugars 13.64-16.21 and TSS 14.00 to 15.43 per cent, respectively. The fat content of lassi samples decreased with increase in level of carrot pulp while parameters like acidity, viscosity, fiber content, total sugars, and TSS increased with increase in the level carrot pulp. The overall acceptability for sensory score for lassi prepared using 10 per cent carrot pulp was highest i.e. liked very much. The mean lactic acid count count was found to increase with increasing pulp from 8.50 to 8.68 log cfu/ml. However, the lassi samples were free from yeast & mold and coliforms.
{"title":"Screening of Optimized Carrot Pulp Concentration for Development of Vitamin a Fortified Lassi","authors":"I. Kaur","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7634","url":null,"abstract":"In the present investigation, fortification of lassi with carrot pulp was aimed to enrich the product with vitamin A. The physico-chemical composition of end product was observed as fat content 2.48-2.37, acidity 0.42-0.51 (as per cent lactic acid), total sugars 13.64-16.21 and TSS 14.00 to 15.43 per cent, respectively. The fat content of lassi samples decreased with increase in level of carrot pulp while parameters like acidity, viscosity, fiber content, total sugars, and TSS increased with increase in the level carrot pulp. The overall acceptability for sensory score for lassi prepared using 10 per cent carrot pulp was highest i.e. liked very much. The mean lactic acid count count was found to increase with increasing pulp from 8.50 to 8.68 log cfu/ml. However, the lassi samples were free from yeast & mold and coliforms.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88892570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antibiotic growth promoter used in broilers not only mitigate the harmful pathogens colonising in gastrointestinal tract they also increase endotoxin release in gut lumen from killing Gramnegative bacteria. The current research was carried out to evaluate the effect of endotoxin binder (EB) alone and along with oxytetracycline antibiotic (AB) as growth promoter and to assess its techno-economics. Two hundred day-old Vencobb 400 broiler chicks were divided into five groups with four replicates of 10 chicks in each. Experimental groups fed with basal diet (BS) prepared as per BIS (IS 1374: 2007) recommendations. The birds in G1 fed with BD + 2.5 kg of EB/ton of feed, G2 fed with BD + 0.5 kg of AB /ton of feed, G3 with BD+ 2.0 kg of EB /ton, G4 with BD + 1.5 kg of EB /ton + 0.5 kg of AB /ton and G5 with BD + 1.0 kg of EB /ton + 0.5 kg of AB /ton. The present study results revealed G3 and G5 group birds gained significantly higher (p<0.01) body weight than G1 and G2 birds and cumulative feed intake in all group birds are similar at 42 nd day of its age. Cumulative feed conversion ratio calculated at 42 nd day, G3 was better (P<0.05) than G2 and G4, whereas G1 and G5 was similar to that of G3. The profit per kg live weight in G3 calculated was 1.22 times higher than G5 and 3.37 times higher than G2 group birds. The findings revealed better growth performance and better profit in G3 and G5 groups. It concluded that supplementation of endotoxin binder at 2 kg per ton of feed could be considered as alternative to antibiotic growth promoter for broilers.
在肉鸡中使用抗生素生长促进剂不仅可以减轻有害病原体在胃肠道中的定植，还可以通过杀死革兰氏阴性菌增加肠道内毒素的释放。本研究对内毒素结合剂(EB)单独使用和与土霉素抗生素(AB)联合使用作为生长促进剂的效果进行了评价，并对其技术经济效果进行了评价。选取200日龄文科布400肉鸡，随机分为5组，每组4个重复，每个重复10只鸡。试验组饲喂根据BIS (IS 1374: 2007)建议配制的基础饲粮。G1组饲喂BD+ 2.5 kg EB/t饲料，G2组饲喂BD+ 0.5 kg AB /t饲料，G3组饲喂BD+ 2.0 kg EB/t饲料，G4组饲喂BD+ 1.5 kg EB/t饲料+ 0.5 kg AB /t饲料，G5组饲喂BD+ 1.0 kg EB/t饲料+ 0.5 kg AB /t饲料。结果表明，42日龄G3和G5组的体重极显著高于G1和G2组(p<0.01)，各组的累积采食量基本一致。第42天计算的累积饲料系数，G3优于G2和G4 (P<0.05)， G1和G5与G3相似。G3组每公斤活重利润比G5组高1.22倍，比G2组高3.37倍。调查结果显示，G3和G5组的增长表现和利润都更好。由此可见，每吨饲料中添加2 kg的内毒素结合剂可作为肉仔鸡抗生素生长促进剂的替代饲料。
{"title":"Evaluation of Endotoxin Binder as Growth Promoter in Broiler Production","authors":"M. SooryanSathyaA.","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7687","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic growth promoter used in broilers not only mitigate the harmful pathogens colonising in gastrointestinal tract they also increase endotoxin release in gut lumen from killing Gramnegative bacteria. The current research was carried out to evaluate the effect of endotoxin binder (EB) alone and along with oxytetracycline antibiotic (AB) as growth promoter and to assess its techno-economics. Two hundred day-old Vencobb 400 broiler chicks were divided into five groups with four replicates of 10 chicks in each. Experimental groups fed with basal diet (BS) prepared as per BIS (IS 1374: 2007) recommendations. The birds in G1 fed with BD + 2.5 kg of EB/ton of feed, G2 fed with BD + 0.5 kg of AB /ton of feed, G3 with BD+ 2.0 kg of EB /ton, G4 with BD + 1.5 kg of EB /ton + 0.5 kg of AB /ton and G5 with BD + 1.0 kg of EB /ton + 0.5 kg of AB /ton. The present study results revealed G3 and G5 group birds gained significantly higher (p<0.01) body weight than G1 and G2 birds and cumulative feed intake in all group birds are similar at 42 nd day of its age. Cumulative feed conversion ratio calculated at 42 nd day, G3 was better (P<0.05) than G2 and G4, whereas G1 and G5 was similar to that of G3. The profit per kg live weight in G3 calculated was 1.22 times higher than G5 and 3.37 times higher than G2 group birds. The findings revealed better growth performance and better profit in G3 and G5 groups. It concluded that supplementation of endotoxin binder at 2 kg per ton of feed could be considered as alternative to antibiotic growth promoter for broilers.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85338169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The millet is a plant very adapted to arid climatic conditions. Thus, it is exploited in many agroecological zones (AEZ) of Senegal where the Sahelian to Sahelo-Sudanese climate prevails. After rice, this cereal is the most consumed by Senegalese households. In addition to this vital function, millet plays an important role in the feeding of livestock and poultry. However, it is constantly under attack by pests like Sitophilus Zeamais, a beetle of the Curculionidae. To overcome the enormous damage caused by the insect, without resorting to chemicals products whose use regularly harms living beings and the environment, we tried through this study to highlight the agroecological zones hostile or naturally favorable to the survival of S. Zeamais, by the genetic effects they present on its genome. In fact, populations with low genetic diversity have fewer adaptive potentials than those that are genetically heterogeneous. Thus, we sampled 43 insects of S. Zeamais subservient to millet on stocks infested in 4 agroecological zones that are: NBA 1 , SBA 1 , SOHC 1 and BMC 1 . The exploitation of the Cytochrome B gene for sequences corresponding to these individuals has revealed a very high genetic homogeneity of SBA and SOHC insects, and a high genetic diversity of the NBA and BMC populations. Thus, the agroecological zones of the SBA and the SOHC, that are less exposed to genetic drift and natural selection, are more hostile to insect survival than NBA and BMC ones, that genetic heterogeneity caused by Genetic fluctuations contributed to the survival of S. Zeamais.
{"title":"Genetic Variability of Sitophilus zeamais Subservient to Millet in Senegal (West Africa)","authors":"Ngagne Demba Sarr","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7696","url":null,"abstract":"The millet is a plant very adapted to arid climatic conditions. Thus, it is exploited in many agroecological zones (AEZ) of Senegal where the Sahelian to Sahelo-Sudanese climate prevails. After rice, this cereal is the most consumed by Senegalese households. In addition to this vital function, millet plays an important role in the feeding of livestock and poultry. However, it is constantly under attack by pests like Sitophilus Zeamais, a beetle of the Curculionidae. To overcome the enormous damage caused by the insect, without resorting to chemicals products whose use regularly harms living beings and the environment, we tried through this study to highlight the agroecological zones hostile or naturally favorable to the survival of S. Zeamais, by the genetic effects they present on its genome. In fact, populations with low genetic diversity have fewer adaptive potentials than those that are genetically heterogeneous. Thus, we sampled 43 insects of S. Zeamais subservient to millet on stocks infested in 4 agroecological zones that are: NBA 1 , SBA 1 , SOHC 1 and BMC 1 . The exploitation of the Cytochrome B gene for sequences corresponding to these individuals has revealed a very high genetic homogeneity of SBA and SOHC insects, and a high genetic diversity of the NBA and BMC populations. Thus, the agroecological zones of the SBA and the SOHC, that are less exposed to genetic drift and natural selection, are more hostile to insect survival than NBA and BMC ones, that genetic heterogeneity caused by Genetic fluctuations contributed to the survival of S. Zeamais.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77944591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A good extension work means talking with farmers, working with farmers, learning from farmers and suggesting new technologies to farmers. There is much to be gained by combining indigenous knowledge with science. The main goal of Agricultural Extension work is to assist farmers to make better use of resources at their disposal toward the improvement of their farm practices. For such improvement to be permanent, farmers’ groups have important role to play. No wonder why extension workers are encouraged to work with them where they exist and assist in their establishment where they are not found. Farmer group are increasingly being acknowledged as essential building block for rural development. They offer the rural poor an opportunity to collectively develop their skills, mobilize resources and influence the nature and direction of development activities in order to improve production, income and hence their livelihood. As we know that working with farmers’ groups offers agencies and extension workers an opportunity to efficiently and effectively utilize limited resources to reach a larger audience as compared to working with individuals. Different reasons why people join group, what benefit do they gain, why extension workers needs farmers group, how to strengthen farmers group, classification of farmers group, group size, Type of group were thoroughly discussed and role of farmer group in promoting agricultural innovation were also highlighted.
{"title":"Farmers’ Group Technique : An Efficient Tool for Agricultural Technology Transfer and Adoption","authors":"P. .. Aremu","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7510","url":null,"abstract":"A good extension work means talking with farmers, working with farmers, learning from farmers and suggesting new technologies to farmers. There is much to be gained by combining indigenous knowledge with science. The main goal of Agricultural Extension work is to assist farmers to make better use of resources at their disposal toward the improvement of their farm practices. For such improvement to be permanent, farmers’ groups have important role to play. No wonder why extension workers are encouraged to work with them where they exist and assist in their establishment where they are not found. Farmer group are increasingly being acknowledged as essential building block for rural development. They offer the rural poor an opportunity to collectively develop their skills, mobilize resources and influence the nature and direction of development activities in order to improve production, income and hence their livelihood. As we know that working with farmers’ groups offers agencies and extension workers an opportunity to efficiently and effectively utilize limited resources to reach a larger audience as compared to working with individuals. Different reasons why people join group, what benefit do they gain, why extension workers needs farmers group, how to strengthen farmers group, classification of farmers group, group size, Type of group were thoroughly discussed and role of farmer group in promoting agricultural innovation were also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"412 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77834010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nutraceutical Evaluation of Horse Gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) Cultivated in High Altitudes of Uttarakhand Himalaya, India","authors":"N. Sharma","doi":"10.18782/2320-7051.7614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7614","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81332069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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