The proportion of the elderly population to the general population is increasing day by day in our country and in the world. This situation mainly affects developing countries, but there are impacts on the developed countries as well. The global aging of the world's population increases the need for services for the elderly, thus making it necessary to address the situation in terms of urban living conditions and architectural aspects. The loss of the elderly's ability to adapt to the built environment, physical and biological constraints, and spatial inadequacies are forcing older people to change the boundaries of their habitat. Within this context, the World Health Organization (WHO) is leading the way in inspiring cities to be “age-friendly” through the Global Age-Friendly Cities Guide. It develops strategies for active aging and age-friendly cities that make the best use of health, participation, and safety opportunities to improve life quality in old age. The main purpose of this study is to propose an application based on the theoretical infrastructure about the concept and requirements of the age-friendly city, which aims to create a livable and accessible environment in which the elderly can continue their lives actively and feel integrated with the society. In the scope of the study, an age-friendly city model for active and healthy aging was developed, and its results were analyzed through the Age-friendly Bolu Karacasu sample, which was created with a project in the Urban Planning Project Studio of Abant Izzet Baysal University of Bolu in 2019-2020. Keywords : Age Friendly Cities, active aging, quality of life, accessibility, Bolu Karacasu. DOI : 10.7176/JSTR/6-10-05
{"title":"Age Friendly Cities on Active and Healthy Aging; One on Bolu-Karacasu Studio Experience","authors":"K. Aydemir, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal","doi":"10.7176/jstr/6-10-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/6-10-05","url":null,"abstract":"The proportion of the elderly population to the general population is increasing day by day in our country and in the world. This situation mainly affects developing countries, but there are impacts on the developed countries as well. The global aging of the world's population increases the need for services for the elderly, thus making it necessary to address the situation in terms of urban living conditions and architectural aspects. The loss of the elderly's ability to adapt to the built environment, physical and biological constraints, and spatial inadequacies are forcing older people to change the boundaries of their habitat. Within this context, the World Health Organization (WHO) is leading the way in inspiring cities to be “age-friendly” through the Global Age-Friendly Cities Guide. It develops strategies for active aging and age-friendly cities that make the best use of health, participation, and safety opportunities to improve life quality in old age. The main purpose of this study is to propose an application based on the theoretical infrastructure about the concept and requirements of the age-friendly city, which aims to create a livable and accessible environment in which the elderly can continue their lives actively and feel integrated with the society. In the scope of the study, an age-friendly city model for active and healthy aging was developed, and its results were analyzed through the Age-friendly Bolu Karacasu sample, which was created with a project in the Urban Planning Project Studio of Abant Izzet Baysal University of Bolu in 2019-2020. Keywords : Age Friendly Cities, active aging, quality of life, accessibility, Bolu Karacasu. DOI : 10.7176/JSTR/6-10-05","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83068187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the opinions of preservice science teachers about chemical wastes. The research conducted with the screening model was carried out with the voluntary participation of 54 preservice teachers studying at the Department of Science Education at a state university in the 2019 2020 spring semester in Turkey. An opinion form composed of 6 questions prepared by the researchers was used as a data collection tool. Expert opinions were taken for the validity of the questions in the form. Opinions of preservice teachers were analyzed by making content analysis. As a result of the research, preservice science teachers stated that people exposed to chemicals through breathing, food and contact; that chemical wastes cause environmental problems such as water, air and soil pollution; that chemicals have toxic effects that can cause health problems, respiratory diseases and death; that chemicals have effects on all living creatures and the environment such as diseases and restriction of habitats; that the collection, utilization and disposal of chemical wastes is done by recycling; that there is a connection between chemical wastes and bacteria or virus outbreaks and they can lead to diseases / outbreaks. Key words : Chemical wastes, Opinions of preservice teachers, Preservice science teachers DOI : 10.7176/JSTR/6-10-01
{"title":"Investigation of the Opinions of Preservice Science Teachers about Chemical Wastes","authors":"I. Yuksel, Nisa Yenikalaycı","doi":"10.7176/jstr/6-10-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/6-10-01","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the opinions of preservice science teachers about chemical wastes. The research conducted with the screening model was carried out with the voluntary participation of 54 preservice teachers studying at the Department of Science Education at a state university in the 2019 2020 spring semester in Turkey. An opinion form composed of 6 questions prepared by the researchers was used as a data collection tool. Expert opinions were taken for the validity of the questions in the form. Opinions of preservice teachers were analyzed by making content analysis. As a result of the research, preservice science teachers stated that people exposed to chemicals through breathing, food and contact; that chemical wastes cause environmental problems such as water, air and soil pollution; that chemicals have toxic effects that can cause health problems, respiratory diseases and death; that chemicals have effects on all living creatures and the environment such as diseases and restriction of habitats; that the collection, utilization and disposal of chemical wastes is done by recycling; that there is a connection between chemical wastes and bacteria or virus outbreaks and they can lead to diseases / outbreaks. Key words : Chemical wastes, Opinions of preservice teachers, Preservice science teachers DOI : 10.7176/JSTR/6-10-01","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79025540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main purpose of this study is to determine the source of the problems experienced in coding teaching in middle school education with information technologies and software course and to plan studies to eliminate it. First of all, interviews were made with the students to reveal the problem and it was revealed that the students mostly had difficulties about "cycles" and "conditions" and could not grasp these issues. Then, an achievement test was applied for the academic reflections of the situation and an attitude scale was applied to determine the attitudes of the students. These collected data were analyzed and needs were determined. With the literature review for the solution of the problem, it was decided to include robotic applications, taking into account factors such as students' age, readiness level, environment, and cost. In the study, the groups to be taught were determined, and the measurement tools whose validity and reliability were ensured were included. A total of 50 students, each consisting of 25 students, 1 experimental group and 1 control group took part in the study. In this process, in order to collect data, the attitude scale and achievement test towards programming were applied to the control group, while the robotic attitude scale and achievement test were applied to the experimental group. As a result of the analysis of the data tools, both groups were indecisive in their attitudes (control group: 1.98; experimental group: 1.77), and the average of the experimental group (X1 = 53.5) and the mean of the control group (X2 = 52.75), it was concluded that there was no significant difference (p <0.05). The data of the data collection tools were analyzed and the teaching strategy to develop it was decided accordingly. The plans prepared in the implementation phase of the study were implemented. The application process carried out in the experimental and control groups for 3 weeks. According to results of attitude scale and interview data, the problems experienced by the target audience could be minimized. According to the results, robotic coding activities increased the academic achievement of students, provided positive attitude towards robotics, but did not affect the attitude towards programming. It was observed that the attitude scores towards programming in the experimental group increased more than the control group. In the light of all these results, it has been seen that the use of robotic kits in programming can be effective and beneficial. Keywords : Education, programming, robotic kits DOI : 10.7176/JSTR/6-10-06
{"title":"Teaching Programming with the Help of Robotic Kits in Middle School: Concrete Experience of Cycles and Conditions","authors":"H. Senturk","doi":"10.7176/jstr/6-10-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/6-10-06","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this study is to determine the source of the problems experienced in coding teaching in middle school education with information technologies and software course and to plan studies to eliminate it. First of all, interviews were made with the students to reveal the problem and it was revealed that the students mostly had difficulties about \"cycles\" and \"conditions\" and could not grasp these issues. Then, an achievement test was applied for the academic reflections of the situation and an attitude scale was applied to determine the attitudes of the students. These collected data were analyzed and needs were determined. With the literature review for the solution of the problem, it was decided to include robotic applications, taking into account factors such as students' age, readiness level, environment, and cost. In the study, the groups to be taught were determined, and the measurement tools whose validity and reliability were ensured were included. A total of 50 students, each consisting of 25 students, 1 experimental group and 1 control group took part in the study. In this process, in order to collect data, the attitude scale and achievement test towards programming were applied to the control group, while the robotic attitude scale and achievement test were applied to the experimental group. As a result of the analysis of the data tools, both groups were indecisive in their attitudes (control group: 1.98; experimental group: 1.77), and the average of the experimental group (X1 = 53.5) and the mean of the control group (X2 = 52.75), it was concluded that there was no significant difference (p <0.05). The data of the data collection tools were analyzed and the teaching strategy to develop it was decided accordingly. The plans prepared in the implementation phase of the study were implemented. The application process carried out in the experimental and control groups for 3 weeks. According to results of attitude scale and interview data, the problems experienced by the target audience could be minimized. According to the results, robotic coding activities increased the academic achievement of students, provided positive attitude towards robotics, but did not affect the attitude towards programming. It was observed that the attitude scores towards programming in the experimental group increased more than the control group. In the light of all these results, it has been seen that the use of robotic kits in programming can be effective and beneficial. Keywords : Education, programming, robotic kits DOI : 10.7176/JSTR/6-10-06","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83626102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gaziantep village cookies, which was patented as Geographical Indicated Product category by Turkish Patent Institute on 28.12.2017, is originally produced with chickpea yeast. However production steps of chickpea yeast are difficult and therefore many producers use dry yeast. In this study, the durability of chickpea and dry yeast-produced Gaziantep Village Cookies was compared by using sensory test. The same recipe was used in cookies prepared with dry and chickpeas yeast. Only yeast are different. Recipe was formed by interviewing with 10 women (over the 50 years old) born and bred in Gaziantep. The taste, color, odor and hardness of these cookies were evaluated sensitively for every 15 days during 2,5 months. Hedonic scale analysis was performed with semi-trained panelist. The results of the sensory tests were statistically evaluated by using the One-way ANOVA test in SPSS 15.0 (Version 2.0). It has been seen that time (p>0.05) is not an important factor for taste, color, odor and hardness of cookies made with chickpea yeast. It has been observed that time (p>0.05) is not an important factor for taste and color of cookies made with dry yeast but time is an important factor for odor and hardness of these cookies (p<0.05) Keyword : Gaziantep, village, cookies, chickpea, dry, yeast. DOI : 10.7176/JSTR/6-10-03
{"title":"Comparison of Durability of Gaziantep Village Cookies Prepared With Chickpea Yeast and Dry Yeast by Using Sensory Evaluation Test","authors":"Fatma Yaliniz","doi":"10.7176/jstr/6-10-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/6-10-03","url":null,"abstract":"Gaziantep village cookies, which was patented as Geographical Indicated Product category by Turkish Patent Institute on 28.12.2017, is originally produced with chickpea yeast. However production steps of chickpea yeast are difficult and therefore many producers use dry yeast. In this study, the durability of chickpea and dry yeast-produced Gaziantep Village Cookies was compared by using sensory test. The same recipe was used in cookies prepared with dry and chickpeas yeast. Only yeast are different. Recipe was formed by interviewing with 10 women (over the 50 years old) born and bred in Gaziantep. The taste, color, odor and hardness of these cookies were evaluated sensitively for every 15 days during 2,5 months. Hedonic scale analysis was performed with semi-trained panelist. The results of the sensory tests were statistically evaluated by using the One-way ANOVA test in SPSS 15.0 (Version 2.0). It has been seen that time (p>0.05) is not an important factor for taste, color, odor and hardness of cookies made with chickpea yeast. It has been observed that time (p>0.05) is not an important factor for taste and color of cookies made with dry yeast but time is an important factor for odor and hardness of these cookies (p<0.05) Keyword : Gaziantep, village, cookies, chickpea, dry, yeast. DOI : 10.7176/JSTR/6-10-03","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90689845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Faaeq Shaheed Samaraey, Rüstem Duman, H. Doğan
As an effort to search for new antiviral agents from traditional medicine, the methanol, and aqueous extracts of Cistus laurifolius L. were investigated in vitro antiviral activities against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) with a XTT-based colorimetric assay. The antiviral activity of EC50 was defined as the concentration achieved 50% cyto-protection against virus infection and the selectivity index (SI) was determined by the ratio of CC50 (concentration of 50% cellular cytotoxicity) to EC50. As a result of the study, it was determined that the methanol extract (EC50 = 0.504 μg/ml; SI = 188.91) had anti-RSV activity more than ribavirin (EC50 = 4.19 μg/ml, SI = 27.92) which has been used positive control against RSV. On the other hand, antiviral activity could not be determined in aqueous extract. This study is the first report to assess the anti-RSV activity of Cistus laurifolius. Keywords : Cistus laurifolius, methanolic and aqueous extracts, antiviral activity, respiratory syncytial virus DOI : 10.7176/JSTR/6-10-09
{"title":"Evaluation of the Antiviral Activity of Cistus laurifolius L. Leaf Extracts against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)","authors":"Ali Faaeq Shaheed Samaraey, Rüstem Duman, H. Doğan","doi":"10.7176/jstr/6-10-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/6-10-09","url":null,"abstract":"As an effort to search for new antiviral agents from traditional medicine, the methanol, and aqueous extracts of Cistus laurifolius L. were investigated in vitro antiviral activities against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) with a XTT-based colorimetric assay. The antiviral activity of EC50 was defined as the concentration achieved 50% cyto-protection against virus infection and the selectivity index (SI) was determined by the ratio of CC50 (concentration of 50% cellular cytotoxicity) to EC50. As a result of the study, it was determined that the methanol extract (EC50 = 0.504 μg/ml; SI = 188.91) had anti-RSV activity more than ribavirin (EC50 = 4.19 μg/ml, SI = 27.92) which has been used positive control against RSV. On the other hand, antiviral activity could not be determined in aqueous extract. This study is the first report to assess the anti-RSV activity of Cistus laurifolius. Keywords : Cistus laurifolius, methanolic and aqueous extracts, antiviral activity, respiratory syncytial virus DOI : 10.7176/JSTR/6-10-09","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83961021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the antibacterial activity of Syzygium aromaticum commercial essential oils against eight different clinical bacteria was investigated. Five different commercial essential oils, the research material, were obtained from the market. Proteus mirabilis, Shigella dysenteriae, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus caprae, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were used as clinical bacteria in the study. Antibacterial activity of commercial essential oils was determined by disk diffusion and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) tests. Disc diffusion findings obtained from essential oils against clinical bacteria were evaluated by comparing them with findings from various antibiotics. By considering the results of disk diffusion, the MIC values of three commercial oils were determined. When the results of the research were evaluated in general, two different commercial essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum species were found to be more effective than antibiotics against tested bacteria. In the next stages of the research, it is planned to determine the chemical components of commercial essential oils by GC-MS analysis and to demonstrate the effectiveness of essential oils on bacterial cells by electron microscopy. Keywords: Clov bud, Essential oil, Clinic bacteria, Antimicrobial activity. DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/6-10-02
{"title":"Investigation of the Antibacterial Activity of Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oils","authors":"B. Yapici, Merve Calisgan","doi":"10.7176/jstr/6-10-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/6-10-02","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the antibacterial activity of Syzygium aromaticum commercial essential oils against eight different clinical bacteria was investigated. Five different commercial essential oils, the research material, were obtained from the market. Proteus mirabilis, Shigella dysenteriae, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus caprae, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were used as clinical bacteria in the study. Antibacterial activity of commercial essential oils was determined by disk diffusion and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) tests. Disc diffusion findings obtained from essential oils against clinical bacteria were evaluated by comparing them with findings from various antibiotics. By considering the results of disk diffusion, the MIC values of three commercial oils were determined. When the results of the research were evaluated in general, two different commercial essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum species were found to be more effective than antibiotics against tested bacteria. In the next stages of the research, it is planned to determine the chemical components of commercial essential oils by GC-MS analysis and to demonstrate the effectiveness of essential oils on bacterial cells by electron microscopy. Keywords: Clov bud, Essential oil, Clinic bacteria, Antimicrobial activity. DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/6-10-02","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84316281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to evaluate the prosthetic, periodontal, radiographic and clinical findings of the fixed on-tooth restorations with middle base and observe the changes of these values over time. 24 patients were included in our study, and these patients were measured twice, one year between measurements. Statistical analyzes were performed in IBM SPSS Statistical Software program (version 21; IBM, Armonk, NY). In these analyzes, parameters such as age, gender, distance between the abutments, bridge angle, occlusion type, opposite arc type, vitality of the teeth, amount of attached gingiva, root length, restoration length, gingival pocket amount of the abutment teeth, gingival index, gingival bleeding index, plaque index, their relationship with clinical attachment loss changes, ceramic fracture and complications were evaluated. According to the data of our study, findings that are compatible with the literature and provide new information to the literature in terms of clinical loss of attachment, occurrence of periodontal diseases or complications related to restoration in patients who underwent rigid fixed prosthetic restoration, and the changes recorded in the controls performed. For this reason, we believe that rigid fixed prosthetic restorations will be more advantageous in laboratory practice, since non-rigid restorations require more complicated laboratory work, and we believe that clinical and radiological complications do not have a definite relationship with the type of restoration. Keywords : Pier abutment, fixed prosthesis, periodontal tissue, prosthetic complication, tooth supported prosthesis. DOI : 10.7176/JSTR/6 10 11
{"title":"Evaluation of Fixed Denture Prosthetic Restorations with Pier Abutment","authors":"Umut Ozdal, O. Zincir, A. Kurt","doi":"10.7176/jstr/6-10-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/6-10-11","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to evaluate the prosthetic, periodontal, radiographic and clinical findings of the fixed on-tooth restorations with middle base and observe the changes of these values over time. 24 patients were included in our study, and these patients were measured twice, one year between measurements. Statistical analyzes were performed in IBM SPSS Statistical Software program (version 21; IBM, Armonk, NY). In these analyzes, parameters such as age, gender, distance between the abutments, bridge angle, occlusion type, opposite arc type, vitality of the teeth, amount of attached gingiva, root length, restoration length, gingival pocket amount of the abutment teeth, gingival index, gingival bleeding index, plaque index, their relationship with clinical attachment loss changes, ceramic fracture and complications were evaluated. According to the data of our study, findings that are compatible with the literature and provide new information to the literature in terms of clinical loss of attachment, occurrence of periodontal diseases or complications related to restoration in patients who underwent rigid fixed prosthetic restoration, and the changes recorded in the controls performed. For this reason, we believe that rigid fixed prosthetic restorations will be more advantageous in laboratory practice, since non-rigid restorations require more complicated laboratory work, and we believe that clinical and radiological complications do not have a definite relationship with the type of restoration. Keywords : Pier abutment, fixed prosthesis, periodontal tissue, prosthetic complication, tooth supported prosthesis. DOI : 10.7176/JSTR/6 10 11","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83824850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, insufficiency of natural resources, rapidly growing world population, climate change, food losses and food waste cause significant risk for food safety. In food industries, high amounts of solid and liquid wastes are released at various stages of production. The majority of them are organic wastes left from the raw material processed. Food waste, food and nutrition safety and food quality affect the sustainability and economic development of food systems and have negative impacts on natural resources and environmental protection. In addition, these food wastes can be converted into useful products which have market value, such as polyphenols, dietary fiber and photochemistry etc. Therefore, studies on the assessment of these wastes are becoming increasingly important and quick and effective new applications are needed. Traditional extraction methods usually take a long time and require large amounts of solvent. Microwave assisted solvent extraction (MASE) is one of the modern methods which have been used more commonly in recent years, with short extraction time, less solvent usage and lower energy requirements, higher heating rates, higher extraction efficiency, higher selectivity and better quality target products. Microwave assisted solvent extraction is one of the modern methods with its increasing use in recent years. In this study, microwave extraction has been studied in general and the studies on the extraction of valuable components by microwave extraction technique from food wastes were compiled. Keywords: Food waste, Microwave assisted extraction DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/6-09-05
{"title":"Recovery of Valuable Components from Food Wastes by Microwave Assisted Extraction","authors":"D. Yanık, H. Özbek, F. Göğüş","doi":"10.7176/jstr/6-09-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/6-09-05","url":null,"abstract":"Today, insufficiency of natural resources, rapidly growing world population, climate change, food losses and food waste cause significant risk for food safety. In food industries, high amounts of solid and liquid wastes are released at various stages of production. The majority of them are organic wastes left from the raw material processed. Food waste, food and nutrition safety and food quality affect the sustainability and economic development of food systems and have negative impacts on natural resources and environmental protection. In addition, these food wastes can be converted into useful products which have market value, such as polyphenols, dietary fiber and photochemistry etc. Therefore, studies on the assessment of these wastes are becoming increasingly important and quick and effective new applications are needed. Traditional extraction methods usually take a long time and require large amounts of solvent. Microwave assisted solvent extraction (MASE) is one of the modern methods which have been used more commonly in recent years, with short extraction time, less solvent usage and lower energy requirements, higher heating rates, higher extraction efficiency, higher selectivity and better quality target products. Microwave assisted solvent extraction is one of the modern methods with its increasing use in recent years. In this study, microwave extraction has been studied in general and the studies on the extraction of valuable components by microwave extraction technique from food wastes were compiled. Keywords: Food waste, Microwave assisted extraction DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/6-09-05","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85977774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, women have started to work in the business areas that were previously open to male employment, and maritime sector is one of these business areas. The most prominent attribute of the maritime sector is that it is maintained in an international environment, under natural conditions and specific rules. These challenging conditions and their impacts in maritime business are felt more physically and mentally on women compared to other sectors. In addition, the fact that professional conditions, work environment and expected outputs are arranged especially for men causes women to face many problems in the maritime sector. Except physical conditions, defining the profession as masculine causes negative effects and pressures on female employees. Under the influence of general attitude, prejudice against women, gender discrimination, mobbing, glass ceiling syndrome and inequality in salary may be faced. The validity of this situation in the maritime sector in Turkey as in many countries has also proved as a result of various researches. In this study attempted to determine, the priorities of the problems faced by women in the maritime sector in Turkey. As a result of the survey conducted to determine the problems faced by women in business life in maritime sector, the most common sexist problems faced by female employees were mobbing, different credentials of male and female employees, and male employees rising faster in careers than women. Keywords: Maritime, Women, Gender Discrimination, Mobbing DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/6-09-12
{"title":"Women on Board: A Research on Problems Faced by Women in the Maritime Sector","authors":"Yasemin Nemlioğlu Koca, Murat Kinalibalaban","doi":"10.7176/jstr/6-09-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/6-09-11","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, women have started to work in the business areas that were previously open to male employment, and maritime sector is one of these business areas. The most prominent attribute of the maritime sector is that it is maintained in an international environment, under natural conditions and specific rules. These challenging conditions and their impacts in maritime business are felt more physically and mentally on women compared to other sectors. In addition, the fact that professional conditions, work environment and expected outputs are arranged especially for men causes women to face many problems in the maritime sector. Except physical conditions, defining the profession as masculine causes negative effects and pressures on female employees. Under the influence of general attitude, prejudice against women, gender discrimination, mobbing, glass ceiling syndrome and inequality in salary may be faced. The validity of this situation in the maritime sector in Turkey as in many countries has also proved as a result of various researches. In this study attempted to determine, the priorities of the problems faced by women in the maritime sector in Turkey. As a result of the survey conducted to determine the problems faced by women in business life in maritime sector, the most common sexist problems faced by female employees were mobbing, different credentials of male and female employees, and male employees rising faster in careers than women. Keywords: Maritime, Women, Gender Discrimination, Mobbing DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/6-09-12","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91026661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pesticides not only minimize the population of certain notorious insect pests of our important fruit, vegetables and crops, but they also contaminate our soil, water as well as the environment. Intensive and unconscious application of pesticides also cause economic damage to our important plants and such situation is called as phytotoxicity. Different species of parasitoids and predatory insects are naturally found in ecosystem to fight against the population of harmful insects of our agricultural products. But unfortunately, the population of natural enemies are being affected because of the usage of pesticides. Anthocoris nemoralis (F.) is one of the polyphagous predatory insects which helps to keep the population of certain harmful insect pests under economic injury level to our important plants. The main objective of this research work is to investigate the side effects of commonly used insecticides in the chemical control of insect pests of fruit orchards where this predatory bug is naturally found. According to the obtained results from this research study, the highest mortality rate (96.66%) was found in chlorpyrifos ethyl and spinetoram treated 3rd nymphal instars of the predatory bug, but the lowest mortality rate (76.66%) has been recorded in the individuals of same nymphal instars treated with diflubenzuron insecticide after 72 hours. In case of the 5th nymphal instars of the predatory bug, the mortality rate didn’t show a significant difference with relation to different insecticides application. It is concluded that the A. nemoralis has different level of susceptibility to different active ingredients during both nymphal stages. Thus, diflubenzuron and spinetoram are suggested to be used in the integrated pest management program of the insect pests of fruit orchards along with the presence of the 3rd and 5th nymphal instars of the predatory bug, respectively because these two active ingredients cause low mortality to this beneficial insect. Keywords: Anthocoris nemoralis, Biocontrol, Insecticide, Mortality, Nymphal instar, Predatory bug DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/6-09-10
{"title":"Mortality of Nymphal Instars of Anthocoris nemoralis (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) Exposed to different Insecticides under Laboratory Conditions","authors":"Baboo Ali, A. Uğur","doi":"10.7176/jstr/6-09-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/6-09-10","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides not only minimize the population of certain notorious insect pests of our important fruit, vegetables and crops, but they also contaminate our soil, water as well as the environment. Intensive and unconscious application of pesticides also cause economic damage to our important plants and such situation is called as phytotoxicity. Different species of parasitoids and predatory insects are naturally found in ecosystem to fight against the population of harmful insects of our agricultural products. But unfortunately, the population of natural enemies are being affected because of the usage of pesticides. Anthocoris nemoralis (F.) is one of the polyphagous predatory insects which helps to keep the population of certain harmful insect pests under economic injury level to our important plants. The main objective of this research work is to investigate the side effects of commonly used insecticides in the chemical control of insect pests of fruit orchards where this predatory bug is naturally found. According to the obtained results from this research study, the highest mortality rate (96.66%) was found in chlorpyrifos ethyl and spinetoram treated 3rd nymphal instars of the predatory bug, but the lowest mortality rate (76.66%) has been recorded in the individuals of same nymphal instars treated with diflubenzuron insecticide after 72 hours. In case of the 5th nymphal instars of the predatory bug, the mortality rate didn’t show a significant difference with relation to different insecticides application. It is concluded that the A. nemoralis has different level of susceptibility to different active ingredients during both nymphal stages. Thus, diflubenzuron and spinetoram are suggested to be used in the integrated pest management program of the insect pests of fruit orchards along with the presence of the 3rd and 5th nymphal instars of the predatory bug, respectively because these two active ingredients cause low mortality to this beneficial insect. Keywords: Anthocoris nemoralis, Biocontrol, Insecticide, Mortality, Nymphal instar, Predatory bug DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/6-09-10","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84857531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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