Many tools are used in the transfer of information. One of these tools is textbooks. Visual aids are used frequently in books. visual elements in the history of the Ministry of Education approval of EBA in Turkey opened for use in a 5th grade math textbooks in this research are discussed. These visual elements; classified as photographs, illustrations and graphical representations. Visual elements should be examined not only in terms of picture quality but also in terms of quality. The study wants to contribute to secondary school teachers' providing their students with conceptual and productive learning opportunities by looking at visuals. In the 2018-2019 year 5th grade mathematics textbook, the way visual elements are used and evaluated in different contexts is questioned through the measurement learning area related to geometry and geometry. There are different classifications for different learning areas related to visuals. In this study, visual elements used in mathematics textbooks are discussed in terms of accuracy, connectivity (association), clarity and contextuality. The results of the study show that these classes, expressing different opportunities for learning through visual elements, have a pervasive effect from the mathematics teaching and learning process to teaching knowledge to develop curriculum. The contextuality of the photographs, illustrations and graphic representations used in the books should be increased. Photographs and illustrations used in this way will contribute to conceptual understanding. Visuals should also be reviewed in terms of accuracy, connectivity (association) and clarity.
{"title":"Visual Elements in the Learning Area of Geometry and Measurement in the 5th Grade Textbook","authors":"Güler Tuluk","doi":"10.7176/jstr/7-03-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/7-03-06","url":null,"abstract":"Many tools are used in the transfer of information. One of these tools is textbooks. Visual aids are used frequently in books. visual elements in the history of the Ministry of Education approval of EBA in Turkey opened for use in a 5th grade math textbooks in this research are discussed. These visual elements; classified as photographs, illustrations and graphical representations. Visual elements should be examined not only in terms of picture quality but also in terms of quality. The study wants to contribute to secondary school teachers' providing their students with conceptual and productive learning opportunities by looking at visuals. In the 2018-2019 year 5th grade mathematics textbook, the way visual elements are used and evaluated in different contexts is questioned through the measurement learning area related to geometry and geometry. There are different classifications for different learning areas related to visuals. In this study, visual elements used in mathematics textbooks are discussed in terms of accuracy, connectivity (association), clarity and contextuality. The results of the study show that these classes, expressing different opportunities for learning through visual elements, have a pervasive effect from the mathematics teaching and learning process to teaching knowledge to develop curriculum. The contextuality of the photographs, illustrations and graphic representations used in the books should be increased. Photographs and illustrations used in this way will contribute to conceptual understanding. Visuals should also be reviewed in terms of accuracy, connectivity (association) and clarity.","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73192682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development process of technology has made it possible to propose remarkable disciplines and systems that were impossible to consider a short while ago. Blockchain technology, as one of these technologies, is one of the most prominent and revolutionary technologies since the beginning of the internet to the present day. Speeding up transaction times, reducing costs, and being transparent and reliable signify the principal reasons for the transition from traditional systems to the blockchain system. Acknowledging the impact that these technologies have on various sectors, it is comprehended that blockchain technology can be used beneficially in several independent areas. So much that blockchain technology is increasing day by day, particularly in academics and the business world. Blockchain technology is presumed to influence several areas in the near future. Accordingly, this study's primary purpose is to reveal the use of blockchain technology in the field of architecture. The study was created with the fundamental idea of researching technology and understanding how it works, by being convicted that blockchain technology can solve various problems and deficiencies in architecture. This study presents an overview of the potential implementations and uses of blockchain technology in architecture. This situation has shown that we need to differentiate and evaluate differently for the business models we currently use in architecture. time throughout the project and construction. Recent developments in blockchain technology and smart contracts can provide a secure platform for timely and guaranteed payments on architectural projects. Smart contract-based payment systems hold significant potential for both payment problems and trust between parties. This study recommends to design and develop smart contract-based systems for a timely and guaranteed payment of architectural projects. Smart contracts should be developed for a guaranteed payment of project cost and progress payments. In this way, it can be intended to accelerate the current project price and progress payment system and to reduce the disputes that may arise due to the payment. Blockchain technology can be a solution to one of the most significant architectural sector problems at this point.
{"title":"A Review on Usage Areas of Blockchain Technology in Architecture","authors":"A. Kurnaz","doi":"10.7176/jstr/7-04-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/7-04-07","url":null,"abstract":"The development process of technology has made it possible to propose remarkable disciplines and systems that were impossible to consider a short while ago. Blockchain technology, as one of these technologies, is one of the most prominent and revolutionary technologies since the beginning of the internet to the present day. Speeding up transaction times, reducing costs, and being transparent and reliable signify the principal reasons for the transition from traditional systems to the blockchain system. Acknowledging the impact that these technologies have on various sectors, it is comprehended that blockchain technology can be used beneficially in several independent areas. So much that blockchain technology is increasing day by day, particularly in academics and the business world. Blockchain technology is presumed to influence several areas in the near future. Accordingly, this study's primary purpose is to reveal the use of blockchain technology in the field of architecture. The study was created with the fundamental idea of researching technology and understanding how it works, by being convicted that blockchain technology can solve various problems and deficiencies in architecture. This study presents an overview of the potential implementations and uses of blockchain technology in architecture. This situation has shown that we need to differentiate and evaluate differently for the business models we currently use in architecture. time throughout the project and construction. Recent developments in blockchain technology and smart contracts can provide a secure platform for timely and guaranteed payments on architectural projects. Smart contract-based payment systems hold significant potential for both payment problems and trust between parties. This study recommends to design and develop smart contract-based systems for a timely and guaranteed payment of architectural projects. Smart contracts should be developed for a guaranteed payment of project cost and progress payments. In this way, it can be intended to accelerate the current project price and progress payment system and to reduce the disputes that may arise due to the payment. Blockchain technology can be a solution to one of the most significant architectural sector problems at this point.","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91384237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: The aim of this study is to reveal what kinds of technologies, tools and working methods are needed to solve the problems while the impact of the coronavirus is hurting people and businesses and to reveal the benefits and importance of the use of the augmented reality technology in overcoming COVID-19 challenges. Methods: In this study, a survey consisting of structured questions prepared by GlobalWebIndex, which includes user expectations and problems in the use of internet, social media, mobile devices and ecommerce, was used. Results: While the impact of the coronavirus harms people and businesses, it is obvious that just new emerging technologies can be used to solve this problem. It is clear that there is a need for newly developed tools and working methods to overcome such challenges. Restrictions imposed by Governments have led to an increase in the use of digital technologies such as online shopping, digital and contactless payments, remote work, online education, telehealth and entertainment. The ability of societies to support these activities may vary largely due to the availability of "digitally available" infrastructure and services. In this way, societies with developed infrastructure are less affected by the effects of the pandemic and can ensure business continuity, and societies with insufficient information system infrastructure experience deep gaps in the continuation of social activities. Conclusion: Obviously, new or improved tools and ways of working are needed to help tackle these challenges. The emerging new technologies have created augmented reality technology by adding layers of digital information such as sound, video and graphics on the appearance of the physical world by affecting the changing living conditions. One of the solutions that can help reduce the social and commercial impact of the pandemic and support business continuity is Augmented Reality (AR), which is defined as a remote assistance area.
{"title":"Covid-19 Challenges and What Augmented Reality Offers in Solution","authors":"Nevzat Unalan, Ufuk","doi":"10.7176/jstr/7-03-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/7-03-01","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study is to reveal what kinds of technologies, tools and working methods are needed to solve the problems while the impact of the coronavirus is hurting people and businesses and to reveal the benefits and importance of the use of the augmented reality technology in overcoming COVID-19 challenges. Methods: In this study, a survey consisting of structured questions prepared by GlobalWebIndex, which includes user expectations and problems in the use of internet, social media, mobile devices and ecommerce, was used. Results: While the impact of the coronavirus harms people and businesses, it is obvious that just new emerging technologies can be used to solve this problem. It is clear that there is a need for newly developed tools and working methods to overcome such challenges. Restrictions imposed by Governments have led to an increase in the use of digital technologies such as online shopping, digital and contactless payments, remote work, online education, telehealth and entertainment. The ability of societies to support these activities may vary largely due to the availability of \"digitally available\" infrastructure and services. In this way, societies with developed infrastructure are less affected by the effects of the pandemic and can ensure business continuity, and societies with insufficient information system infrastructure experience deep gaps in the continuation of social activities. Conclusion: Obviously, new or improved tools and ways of working are needed to help tackle these challenges. The emerging new technologies have created augmented reality technology by adding layers of digital information such as sound, video and graphics on the appearance of the physical world by affecting the changing living conditions. One of the solutions that can help reduce the social and commercial impact of the pandemic and support business continuity is Augmented Reality (AR), which is defined as a remote assistance area.","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84860369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: With the development and widespread use of technology, the increasing volume of data in many areas has accelerated the digitization process. The gains obtained by processing and interpreting data stacks can make significant contributions to institutions and organizations in many managerial issues from production to decision-making processes. It has increased the use of data mining methods in different areas, which support the process of transforming digitalized large-scale data into information. One of the increasingly popular techniques in data mining is clustering, and the K-means algorithm is a non-hierarchical clustering method compatible with large amount of data. This method is widely used in the scientific studies, however the number of clusters and initial centers defined as parameters comes up a disadvantage for the algorithm, especially for those not familiar with the mathematical specificities. Initial centers those generated randomly by K-means usually make the clustering results reaching non-optimal. K-means algorithm is very sensitive in initial centers. More consistent results of K-means clustering can be achieved after computing more than one times. However, it is difficult to decide the computation limit, which can give the optimal result. An improvement of K-means algorithm with this respect will be a contribution on overcoming this disadvantage for scientific studies. In order to solve this problem; NAMGY (Neighborhood and Midpoint Gain Yield) algorithm has been developed, which includes methods that provide optimal selection of parameters according to the properties of objects. This article covers the application of the method of determining the initial centers in NAMGY algorithm. Method: In order to analyze the accuracy of our proposed method, both the standard K-means and NAMGY algorithm were applied on the classified data set those Iris, Yeast and Segment-challenge. And also the performances of the algorithms in terms of the working principle were evaluated on the VitaminB12 data set obtained from the Cukurova University Balcalı Hospital Information Management System. Euclidean distances were calculated between objects and data sets were transformed into values in the range [0, 1] using normalization. Adjusted Rand index was used to evaluate the validity of clusterings. Results: According to the examined results; the applications that reveal the effects of the initial centers on the analysis process of the algorithms have been carried out with different approaches such as the working principle of the algorithm, the effect of the initial centers on the clustering results, the evaluation of the clustering performance. It was again concluded that professional selection of parameters is requirement to increase the usability of a clustering algorithm and the reliability of clustering results. The NAMGY algorithm uses a systematic way to find initial centers which reduces the number of dataset scans and will produce be
目的:随着技术的发展和广泛使用，许多领域的数据量不断增加，加速了数字化进程。通过处理和解释数据堆栈获得的收益可以在从生产到决策过程的许多管理问题上为机构和组织做出重大贡献。它增加了数据挖掘方法在不同领域的使用，支持将数字化的大规模数据转化为信息的过程。聚类是数据挖掘中日益流行的技术之一，K-means算法是一种适用于大数据量的非分层聚类方法。该方法在科学研究中得到了广泛的应用，但是作为参数的聚类数量和初始中心的数量给算法带来了缺点，特别是对于那些不熟悉数学特性的人来说。由K-means随机生成的初始中心通常会使聚类结果达到非最优。K-means算法对初始中心非常敏感。经过多次计算，K-means聚类的结果更加一致。然而，很难确定计算极限，从而得到最优的结果。K-means算法在这方面的改进将有助于科学研究克服这一缺点。为了解决这个问题;NAMGY (Neighborhood and Midpoint Gain Yield，邻域和中点增益产率)算法是一种根据目标的特性提供最优参数选择的算法。本文介绍了确定初始中心的方法在NAMGY算法中的应用。方法:将标准K-means和NAMGY算法分别应用于Iris、Yeast和Segment-challenge分类数据集上，分析本文方法的准确性。并在库库罗娃大学balcali医院信息管理系统的维生素b12数据集上对算法的工作原理进行了评价。计算对象之间的欧氏距离，并使用归一化将数据集转换为[0,1]范围内的值。采用调整后的Rand指数评价聚类的有效性。结果:根据检查结果;从算法的工作原理、初始中心对聚类结果的影响、聚类性能的评价等方面进行了应用，揭示了初始中心对算法分析过程的影响。再次得出结论，为了提高聚类算法的可用性和聚类结果的可靠性，需要专业的参数选择。NAMGY算法采用系统的方法寻找初始中心，减少了数据集扫描次数，在较少的迭代次数下产生更好的精度。在结果质量和分析过程方面，NAMGY算法已被证明优于传统的K-means算法。根据所产生的结果;NAMGY为标准k -均值算法的不足提供了一个具有挑战性的算法。然而，当该算法应用于具有更复杂对象的数据集时，还需要进一步的研究来验证其能力。
{"title":"Determination of Initial Centers in K-Means Clustering Method by NAMGY Algorithm","authors":"Meryem Goral Yildizli","doi":"10.7176/jstr/7-01-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/7-01-05","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: With the development and widespread use of technology, the increasing volume of data in many areas has accelerated the digitization process. The gains obtained by processing and interpreting data stacks can make significant contributions to institutions and organizations in many managerial issues from production to decision-making processes. It has increased the use of data mining methods in different areas, which support the process of transforming digitalized large-scale data into information. One of the increasingly popular techniques in data mining is clustering, and the K-means algorithm is a non-hierarchical clustering method compatible with large amount of data. This method is widely used in the scientific studies, however the number of clusters and initial centers defined as parameters comes up a disadvantage for the algorithm, especially for those not familiar with the mathematical specificities. Initial centers those generated randomly by K-means usually make the clustering results reaching non-optimal. K-means algorithm is very sensitive in initial centers. More consistent results of K-means clustering can be achieved after computing more than one times. However, it is difficult to decide the computation limit, which can give the optimal result. An improvement of K-means algorithm with this respect will be a contribution on overcoming this disadvantage for scientific studies. In order to solve this problem; NAMGY (Neighborhood and Midpoint Gain Yield) algorithm has been developed, which includes methods that provide optimal selection of parameters according to the properties of objects. This article covers the application of the method of determining the initial centers in NAMGY algorithm. Method: In order to analyze the accuracy of our proposed method, both the standard K-means and NAMGY algorithm were applied on the classified data set those Iris, Yeast and Segment-challenge. And also the performances of the algorithms in terms of the working principle were evaluated on the VitaminB12 data set obtained from the Cukurova University Balcalı Hospital Information Management System. Euclidean distances were calculated between objects and data sets were transformed into values in the range [0, 1] using normalization. Adjusted Rand index was used to evaluate the validity of clusterings. Results: According to the examined results; the applications that reveal the effects of the initial centers on the analysis process of the algorithms have been carried out with different approaches such as the working principle of the algorithm, the effect of the initial centers on the clustering results, the evaluation of the clustering performance. It was again concluded that professional selection of parameters is requirement to increase the usability of a clustering algorithm and the reliability of clustering results. The NAMGY algorithm uses a systematic way to find initial centers which reduces the number of dataset scans and will produce be","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88641125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although there are many differences and innovations in creating place in cinema, virtual spaces can be created as well as using real architectural-urban or physical environments. The perception of time, which is an important element that improves the narrative language of cinema, is related to creating an architectural and spatial image. Cinema and architecture, as two separate disciplines, are not independent from each other in terms of creating a cinematographic place perception. Therefore, the importance of cinema and architecture interaction in creating cinematic place is discussed in this study. The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between architecture and cinema, which are two separate art branches, through the "perception of place" and to explain the cinematographic effects of architecture through the example of Wes Anderson's "The Grand Budapest Hotel". In both areas, it has been tried to explain to what extent the place's important elements in terms of time, movement, light, color and shadow reflect the reality. While "design" is an important issue in fictional places, it is also necessary in terms of creating a space perception. In this study, it is aimed to analyze the film structure with architectural semiotic approach, especially the role of architectural and space usage in cinema, by emphasizing the processes and reference points of the interaction between both disciplines. According to the case of Wes Anderson's The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014), the specific spaces of the film, the perception of space and the role of cinematographic space designs are discussed. In line with this information, subjects such as space design and spatial density in cinema, space, balance, harmony and symmetry in architecture and cinema, construction process and its effects in cinema and the perception of space in cinema were examined. The architectural structure and the suitability of the space design to the story are also discussed in the film. The film, which is considered as an exemplary analysis within the scope of the research, was chosen as a purposeful sampling because it is an example of especially the relationship between harmony and balance in cinema and the relationship between cinema and architecture explore and sets an example.
{"title":"Cinematic Architecture and Place Perception: A Study on Wes Anderson's Film the Grand Budapest Hotel (2014)","authors":"Alp Karaca","doi":"10.7176/jstr/7-04-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/7-04-08","url":null,"abstract":"Although there are many differences and innovations in creating place in cinema, virtual spaces can be created as well as using real architectural-urban or physical environments. The perception of time, which is an important element that improves the narrative language of cinema, is related to creating an architectural and spatial image. Cinema and architecture, as two separate disciplines, are not independent from each other in terms of creating a cinematographic place perception. Therefore, the importance of cinema and architecture interaction in creating cinematic place is discussed in this study. The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between architecture and cinema, which are two separate art branches, through the \"perception of place\" and to explain the cinematographic effects of architecture through the example of Wes Anderson's \"The Grand Budapest Hotel\". In both areas, it has been tried to explain to what extent the place's important elements in terms of time, movement, light, color and shadow reflect the reality. While \"design\" is an important issue in fictional places, it is also necessary in terms of creating a space perception. In this study, it is aimed to analyze the film structure with architectural semiotic approach, especially the role of architectural and space usage in cinema, by emphasizing the processes and reference points of the interaction between both disciplines. According to the case of Wes Anderson's The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014), the specific spaces of the film, the perception of space and the role of cinematographic space designs are discussed. In line with this information, subjects such as space design and spatial density in cinema, space, balance, harmony and symmetry in architecture and cinema, construction process and its effects in cinema and the perception of space in cinema were examined. The architectural structure and the suitability of the space design to the story are also discussed in the film. The film, which is considered as an exemplary analysis within the scope of the research, was chosen as a purposeful sampling because it is an example of especially the relationship between harmony and balance in cinema and the relationship between cinema and architecture explore and sets an example.","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81532067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) is a major problem in the world as well as in Turkey. The control of these soil-borne nematodes is very difficult and costly. One of the methods of controlling with this nematode is using grafted seedlings. In regions where greenhouse cultivation, soil and root samples were taken in numbers to represent the greenhouse during the removal of plants after harvest in 2019 - 2020. As a result of the study, infection rates in grafted and non-grafted tomato plants were determined as 16,98% (n=106) and 63,56% (n=129). In these samples, only Meloidogyne incognita (Kafoid and White) (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) species was found in the roots of grafted tomato plants in both years. Both M. incognita and Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) species were detected in the roots of non-grafted tomato plants. As a result of the counts of the second stage larvae in the study, the mean of population density per 100 gram soil taken from the grafted tomato plants was 132,22 ± 55,78 (between 100 and 300 ) nematodes, while the mean of population density in soil taken from non-grafted tomato plants was 1272,92 ± 1683,27 (between 100 and 11000 ) nematodes. In addition, when the nematode population densities in soils belong to non-grafted tomato plants in 2019-2020 were examined according to the nematode species, the population density of M. incognita was recorded as 1252,13 ± 1910,56 (between 100 and 11000) ) nematodes and the population density of M. javanica as 1333,33 ± 720,64 (between 300 and 4000) nematodes.
{"title":"The Species and Population Densities of Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) in Grafted and Non-grafted Tomatoes in Greenhouses in Antalya","authors":"Kubra Dudu Demir Ergin","doi":"10.7176/jstr/6-13-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/6-13-06","url":null,"abstract":"Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) is a major problem in the world as well as in Turkey. The control of these soil-borne nematodes is very difficult and costly. One of the methods of controlling with this nematode is using grafted seedlings. In regions where greenhouse cultivation, soil and root samples were taken in numbers to represent the greenhouse during the removal of plants after harvest in 2019 - 2020. As a result of the study, infection rates in grafted and non-grafted tomato plants were determined as 16,98% (n=106) and 63,56% (n=129). In these samples, only Meloidogyne incognita (Kafoid and White) (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) species was found in the roots of grafted tomato plants in both years. Both M. incognita and Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) species were detected in the roots of non-grafted tomato plants. As a result of the counts of the second stage larvae in the study, the mean of population density per 100 gram soil taken from the grafted tomato plants was 132,22 ± 55,78 (between 100 and 300 ) nematodes, while the mean of population density in soil taken from non-grafted tomato plants was 1272,92 ± 1683,27 (between 100 and 11000 ) nematodes. In addition, when the nematode population densities in soils belong to non-grafted tomato plants in 2019-2020 were examined according to the nematode species, the population density of M. incognita was recorded as 1252,13 ± 1910,56 (between 100 and 11000) ) nematodes and the population density of M. javanica as 1333,33 ± 720,64 (between 300 and 4000) nematodes.","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74182122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Northern Cyprus, along with entire planet earth is currently going through a period of pandemic outbreak of the COVID – 19 virus which is taking a toll on the past, on the social life and most importantly, on the physical and mental health of billions of people. Every pandemic outbreak experienced by humans has introduced a new configuration of “what is normal” and has imposed a life with new habits and precautions that became normal. The present pandemic period of COVID-19 has had a negative impact not only on people’s health but also on the economy in many countries where initially the measure of full confinement was adopted only to be followed by controlled deconfinement covering new measures that would enable evolution of the virus to be observed and the national economy to be revived. Many health organizations such as the World Health Organization as well as national governments published various scientific measures and cautioned against risks of nonobservance of these measures. Similarly in Northern Cyprus was undertaken an initial stage of total lock-down followed by a controlled deconfinement aimed at economic revival. The aim of the present article is to establish a guide concerning measures to be adopted in the fight against COVID-19 and to facilitate a most efficient application of such measures. Health measures established by the World Health Organization were reinterpreted with a focus on spaces and turned into a compilation in an effort to establish a guide. Application and interpretation of the guide were demonstrated via three establishments of similar functional and structural characteristics located in proximity of each other in intramural Nicosia. Every step to be taken and every evaluation to be made in relation to COVID-19 at present, shall shape not only the pandemic period currently but also the future through problems to be faced in the near future in Northern Cyprus and world-wide.
{"title":"Evaluation of food and beverage service spaces within the framework of Covid – 19; A Case of Northern Cyprus, Walled City of Nicosia","authors":"Alp Karaca","doi":"10.7176/jstr/6-12-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/6-12-04","url":null,"abstract":"Northern Cyprus, along with entire planet earth is currently going through a period of pandemic outbreak of the COVID – 19 virus which is taking a toll on the past, on the social life and most importantly, on the physical and mental health of billions of people. Every pandemic outbreak experienced by humans has introduced a new configuration of “what is normal” and has imposed a life with new habits and precautions that became normal. The present pandemic period of COVID-19 has had a negative impact not only on people’s health but also on the economy in many countries where initially the measure of full confinement was adopted only to be followed by controlled deconfinement covering new measures that would enable evolution of the virus to be observed and the national economy to be revived. Many health organizations such as the World Health Organization as well as national governments published various scientific measures and cautioned against risks of nonobservance of these measures. Similarly in Northern Cyprus was undertaken an initial stage of total lock-down followed by a controlled deconfinement aimed at economic revival. The aim of the present article is to establish a guide concerning measures to be adopted in the fight against COVID-19 and to facilitate a most efficient application of such measures. Health measures established by the World Health Organization were reinterpreted with a focus on spaces and turned into a compilation in an effort to establish a guide. Application and interpretation of the guide were demonstrated via three establishments of similar functional and structural characteristics located in proximity of each other in intramural Nicosia. Every step to be taken and every evaluation to be made in relation to COVID-19 at present, shall shape not only the pandemic period currently but also the future through problems to be faced in the near future in Northern Cyprus and world-wide.","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75789504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, chemometric approaches using UV spectrophotometry method developed models for simultaneous determination of valsartan (VAL) and amlodipine (AMP) in drug samples. It was used to calculate calibration mixtures between 232 and 254 nm wavelengths at 2 nm intervals for Val and AML spectra at various concentrations. For chemometric analysis of data, the least squares calibration method and basic component regression were used, and the parameters of chemometric procedures were optimized. The analytical performances of this chemometric method were compared by characterizing the sum of residual error squares (PRESS), estimated standard error (SEP), and recoveries (%). A number of synthetic mixtures containing different concentrations of VAL and AML were studied to control the predictive ability of Applied chemometric methods. This method was successfully applied to the actual samples, not affected by the auxiliaries as indicated in the recovery study results. The results obtained in this review encourage these chemometric methods to implement these strategies for standard research and quality control of the two active ingredients.
{"title":"Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Hypertension Drug's in Commercial Pharmaceutical by Chemometric Methods","authors":"A. Aktaş","doi":"10.7176/jstr/6-12-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/6-12-01","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, chemometric approaches using UV spectrophotometry method developed models for simultaneous determination of valsartan (VAL) and amlodipine (AMP) in drug samples. It was used to calculate calibration mixtures between 232 and 254 nm wavelengths at 2 nm intervals for Val and AML spectra at various concentrations. For chemometric analysis of data, the least squares calibration method and basic component regression were used, and the parameters of chemometric procedures were optimized. The analytical performances of this chemometric method were compared by characterizing the sum of residual error squares (PRESS), estimated standard error (SEP), and recoveries (%). A number of synthetic mixtures containing different concentrations of VAL and AML were studied to control the predictive ability of Applied chemometric methods. This method was successfully applied to the actual samples, not affected by the auxiliaries as indicated in the recovery study results. The results obtained in this review encourage these chemometric methods to implement these strategies for standard research and quality control of the two active ingredients.","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72662914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zoonotic diseases are diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans and from humans to animals. Zoonotic bacterial infections are an important public health problem in the world. Zoonotic infections from fish can cause problems for fish producers and consumers. Fish diseases are important in terms of economic losses they cause, adversely affect exports, residue problems of unconscious drugs, environmental pollution and increase antibiotic resistance, and some of the diseases are zoonotic. In this review, potential bacterial fish zoonoses are summarized according to the information obtained from publications.
{"title":"Fish Originated Bacterial Zoonoses","authors":"F. Ozcan","doi":"10.7176/jstr/6-12-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/6-12-03","url":null,"abstract":"Zoonotic diseases are diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans and from humans to animals. Zoonotic bacterial infections are an important public health problem in the world. Zoonotic infections from fish can cause problems for fish producers and consumers. Fish diseases are important in terms of economic losses they cause, adversely affect exports, residue problems of unconscious drugs, environmental pollution and increase antibiotic resistance, and some of the diseases are zoonotic. In this review, potential bacterial fish zoonoses are summarized according to the information obtained from publications.","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75644309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, it was aimed to determine the posibilities use of supplementing breeder diets with different level concentrations (C: 0, BPP1: 1, BPP5: 5, BPP10: 10, and BPP20: 20 g/kg feed) of the bee pollen powder (BPP) effect on performance and hatching egg quality characteristics in Japanese quails. The experimental animals consisted of 9-week-old Japanese quails, including 105 females and 45 males, and the experiment continued for six weeks. The results showed higher than control group significant effects of the (BPP) supplementation to quail diets on yolk level (P<0.01), shell thickness, and Haugh unit (P<0.05), but not significant effects as raise or decrease were observed on live gain, consumption feed, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, shape index, yolk index, white index, and shell weight (P>0.05).Taken together, these results can be recommended BPP supplementation of quail diets. No significant differences were observed in shape index between different groups at the end of this six-week trial. The shape index values obtained for the Japanese quails in this study were similar to those (79.54%) mentioned in a previous study performed to determine some internal and external quality characteristics of the quail eggs (Özçelik, 2002). During the experimental period it was found that the BBP-supplemented groups showed statistically higher yolk index values (P<0.05), in the first measurement, but no significant differences were observed in the other two measurements. Although the yolk index values obtained in the last measurement were different from the initial measurement results, they were found to be similar to those obtained in a previous study conducted to investigate the effect of selection for live weight on the reproductive performance of Japanese quails (45.01) (Türkmut et al., 1999). The white index values, which are an important egg quality criterion, did not show any significant difference between groups, and it was observed that the BPP-supplemented groups generally showed higher white index values. These values, differed with a study conducted on Japanese quails (11.43) (Özçelik, 2002). While significant differences in the Haugh unit values were obtained between the groups in the first (P<0.01) and second (P<0.05) measurements, no significant difference was observed between the groups in the final measurement (P>0.05). The Haugh unit values ranged between 72.11 and 76.15 on average at the end of the trial, and these values lied between the value (88.930) obtained in study conducted to determine some yield and egg quality characteristics in Japanese quails and the value (68.479) obtained in a study conducted on egg quality and characteristics in Japanese quails (Altınel et al., 1996; Nazlıgül et 2001). Previous studies suggested that an ideal shell thickness should be at least 0.33 mm in order to
本试验旨在研究在饲粮中添加不同浓度(C: 0、bpp1:1、bpp5:5、BPP10: 10和BPP20: 20 g/kg饲料)蜂花粉粉(BPP)对日本鹌鹑生产性能和孵化蛋品质的影响。实验动物为9周龄日本鹌鹑，其中雌性105只，雄性45只，实验持续6周。结果表明，鹌鹑饲粮中添加BPP对蛋黄水平的影响显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上所述，这些结果可以推荐在鹌鹑日粮中添加BPP。六周试验结束时，不同组之间的形状指数无显著差异。本研究中获得的日本鹌鹑形状指数值与之前为确定鹌鹑蛋的某些内部和外部质量特征所做的研究(Özçelik, 2002)中提到的数值(79.54%)相似。试验期间，bbp添加组蛋黄指数显著高于对照组(P0.05)。试验结束时的哈氏单位值平均在72.11 ~ 76.15之间，介于测定日本鹌鹑产量和蛋品质特性的研究结果(88.930)和测定日本鹌鹑蛋品质特性的研究结果(68.479)之间(Altınel et al.， 1996;Nazlıgül et 2001)。以前的研究表明，理想的外壳厚度应至少为0.33毫米，以便
{"title":"The Posibilities Using of Bee Pollen Powder on Breeding Japanese Quail Rations: I. Effect on Performance and Hatching Egg Quality Characteristics","authors":"Y. Akin","doi":"10.7176/jstr/6-13-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jstr/6-13-04","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, it was aimed to determine the posibilities use of supplementing breeder diets with different level concentrations (C: 0, BPP1: 1, BPP5: 5, BPP10: 10, and BPP20: 20 g/kg feed) of the bee pollen powder (BPP) effect on performance and hatching egg quality characteristics in Japanese quails. The experimental animals consisted of 9-week-old Japanese quails, including 105 females and 45 males, and the experiment continued for six weeks. The results showed higher than control group significant effects of the (BPP) supplementation to quail diets on yolk level (P<0.01), shell thickness, and Haugh unit (P<0.05), but not significant effects as raise or decrease were observed on live gain, consumption feed, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, shape index, yolk index, white index, and shell weight (P>0.05).Taken together, these results can be recommended BPP supplementation of quail diets. No significant differences were observed in shape index between different groups at the end of this six-week trial. The shape index values obtained for the Japanese quails in this study were similar to those (79.54%) mentioned in a previous study performed to determine some internal and external quality characteristics of the quail eggs (Özçelik, 2002). During the experimental period it was found that the BBP-supplemented groups showed statistically higher yolk index values (P<0.05), in the first measurement, but no significant differences were observed in the other two measurements. Although the yolk index values obtained in the last measurement were different from the initial measurement results, they were found to be similar to those obtained in a previous study conducted to investigate the effect of selection for live weight on the reproductive performance of Japanese quails (45.01) (Türkmut et al., 1999). The white index values, which are an important egg quality criterion, did not show any significant difference between groups, and it was observed that the BPP-supplemented groups generally showed higher white index values. These values, differed with a study conducted on Japanese quails (11.43) (Özçelik, 2002). While significant differences in the Haugh unit values were obtained between the groups in the first (P<0.01) and second (P<0.05) measurements, no significant difference was observed between the groups in the final measurement (P>0.05). The Haugh unit values ranged between 72.11 and 76.15 on average at the end of the trial, and these values lied between the value (88.930) obtained in study conducted to determine some yield and egg quality characteristics in Japanese quails and the value (68.479) obtained in a study conducted on egg quality and characteristics in Japanese quails (Altınel et al., 1996; Nazlıgül et 2001). Previous studies suggested that an ideal shell thickness should be at least 0.33 mm in order to","PeriodicalId":14256,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77829622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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