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Approaches of chosen air navigation services providers to UAV integration into air traffic control systems 选定的空中导航服务提供商将无人机集成到空中交通管制系统的方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.26552/pas.z.2021.2.26
Peter Matúš, Matúš Materna
In this article are approaches of Air Navigation Services (ANS) providers in chosen countries to UAV integration into Air Traffic Control Systems identified and described. Firstly we made a synpaper of theoretical information about ANS and UAV. Product of ANS providers has 11 parts. For UAV traffic control and management are important ATC, CNS, AIS, MET, ATFCM and ASM services. The volume of ANS provided depends on UAV operation development in the country, and on the level of integration of UAV into ATC systems. The biggest problem of UAV operation is the risk of collision with piloted aircraft, and potential threat of people and property on the ground. The biggest risk is during UAV operation close to airports, because there are many aircrafts flying in low altitudes (after take-off and on approach to landing). The consequences of collision in this altitudes in the most serious. Because of this, 4 ways to detect and 2 ways to mitigate an unauthorized UAV close to airport are currently in use. Various combinations of UAV detection and mitigation ways create complex airport UAV protection systems. Secondly, we chose 7 countries (Poland, Hungary, Germany, Great Britain, USA, India, and United Arab Emirates), and analysed their approaches to UAV integration. In all of the analysed countries can remote pilots use a mobile application, which allows them to create a flight plan, and receive all the information, necessary for the flight. Differences between these countries are for example if the permission in required for every UAV flight (in Hungary and India yes), if the ANS provider has an opportunity to watch UAV during flight (in Poland, India, and partly in Germany), if the UAV operation without direct visual contact between remote pilot and UAV is allowed (in Poland and Germany), and if are UAV operations included into airspace capacity management systems (in Poland, Hungary, Germany, and Great Britain). UAV integration process in next years will relate to development of communication systems between UAVs, between UAV and ATC, and between UAV and piloted aircraft. The process will also relate to development of technologies to avoid mid-air collisions.
在本文中,选定国家的空中导航服务(ANS)提供商确定并描述了将无人机集成到空中交通管制系统中的方法。首先对无人驾驶飞机和无人驾驶飞机的理论信息进行了综合分析。ANS供应商的产品有11个部分。对于无人机来说,交通管制和管理是重要的ATC、CNS、AIS、MET、ATFCM和ASM服务。提供的无人值机系统的数量取决于该国无人机的操作发展情况,以及无人机与空中交通管制系统的集成水平。无人机操作的最大问题是与有人驾驶飞机发生碰撞的风险,以及对地面人员和财产的潜在威胁。最大的风险是在机场附近的无人机操作期间,因为有许多飞机在低空飞行(起飞后和接近着陆时)。在这个高度发生碰撞的后果最为严重。正因为如此,目前有4种检测方法和2种缓解未经授权的无人机靠近机场的方法正在使用。无人机探测和缓解方式的各种组合创造了复杂的机场无人机保护系统。其次,选取波兰、匈牙利、德国、英国、美国、印度、阿联酋等7个国家,分析其无人机集成途径。在所有被分析的国家中,远程飞行员都可以使用移动应用程序,该应用程序允许他们创建飞行计划,并接收飞行所需的所有信息。这些国家之间的差异是,例如,每次无人机飞行是否需要许可(在匈牙利和印度是),ANS提供商是否有机会在飞行过程中观看无人机(在波兰、印度和部分在德国),无人机操作是否允许远程飞行员和无人机之间没有直接视觉接触(在波兰和德国),以及无人机操作是否被纳入空域容量管理系统(在波兰、匈牙利、德国和英国)。未来几年的无人机集成过程将涉及无人机之间、无人机与ATC之间以及无人机与有人驾驶飞机之间通信系统的发展。这个过程还将涉及到避免空中碰撞的技术发展。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental state of tensile testing of aircraft reciprocating internal combustion engine 飞机往复式内燃机拉伸试验现状
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.26552/pas.z.2021.2.29
Matúš Mrva, P. Pecho
The main goal of the Paper "Experimental state of tensile tests of aircraft piston internal combustion engine" is to create an experimental and fully functional measuring stand for monitoring the parameters of a model internal combustion piston engine, using different types of propellers. The partial goals are the creation of a teaching aid, the construction of a unique facility and the creation of opportunities for research and development in this area by other students. Using a measuring device, it was possible to record the various operating characteristics of the internal combustion engine. Based on this, the usability of individual propellers for the measured internal combustion engine can be determined.
本文“飞机活塞式内燃机拉伸试验的实验状态”的主要目标是创建一个实验和全功能的测量台,用于监测使用不同类型螺旋桨的模型内燃机的参数。部分目标是创造一种教学辅助工具,建造一种独特的设施,并为其他学生在这一领域的研究和发展创造机会。使用测量装置,可以记录内燃机的各种工作特性。在此基础上,可以确定被测内燃机的单个螺旋桨的可用性。
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引用次数: 0
Possibilities of using unmanned aerial vehicles in forestry and agriculture 在林业和农业中使用无人机的可能性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.26552/pas.z.2021.2.07
Ondrej Ďatko, B. Kandera
This work analyzes the penetration of the aviation, forestry and agriculture sector and aims to present forestry and agricultural activities where there is the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles. In the first chapter, the work deals with the characteristics of unmanned aerial vehicles, remote sensing, forestry and agriculture. The second chapter deals with a particular analyzes of scientific papers, articles and internet research, and on the basis of these analyzes presents examples of activities in which unmanned aerial vehicles can be used. The third chapter provides an overview of technological and software equipment needed to perform such activities or aerial work. In the fourth chapter, through the practical part, work focuses on examining the use of the mid-class unmanned aerial vehicle model for the plant health analysis, while providing justifications and findings from the results. As part of the practical part, it also provides practical information for the individual steps during the planning and operation of flight. In the fifth chapter, the work briefly summarizes the information and results collected, from which it suggests some possibilities for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, such as their use in the vaccination of foxes, and the recommended procedures for operating flights or aerial work.
这项工作分析了航空、林业和农业部门的渗透,旨在展示有可能使用无人机的林业和农业活动。第一章论述了无人机、遥感、林业和农业的特点。第二章涉及对科学论文、文章和互联网研究的具体分析,并在这些分析的基础上提出了无人机可以使用的活动示例。第三章概述了执行此类活动或空中作业所需的技术和软件设备。在第四章中,通过实践部分,工作重点是检查中产阶级无人机模型用于植物健康分析的使用,同时从结果中提供理由和发现。作为实用部分的一部分,它还为飞行计划和操作过程中的各个步骤提供实用信息。第五章简要总结了收集到的信息和结果,并据此提出了使用无人机的一些可能性,例如无人机在狐狸疫苗接种中的应用,以及操作飞行或空中工作的推荐程序。
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引用次数: 0
Design and configuration of the instrumentation of the Zlín 242L simulator Zlín 242L模拟器的仪表设计与配置
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.26552/pas.z.2021.2.23
Jakub Lenár, M. Janovec
Flight simulators play an important role in pilot training around the world. They contribute to increasing the safety of air traffic, allow you to practice emergency situations and non-standard procedures and thus prepare pilots for dangers during real flight. The need for the Zlín 242L simulator arose during the procurement of this type of aircraft for the Aviation Training and Education Center of the University of Žilina. The paperdeals with the design and arrangement of the instrument part of the simulator, while the design is based mainly on the flight manual of the aircraft Zlín 242L. The theoretical part of the paper describes the basic requirements for flight simulators, categorization of flight simulators and within the instrumentation focuses on ways of displaying on-board flight data, describes the display devices within simulator space and examines the requirements for displayed data needed for flight. The result of the paper is the design of simulator instrumentation and subsequent construction of the simulator, which will serve students of the Department of Air Transport for training procedures during the flight on a given type of aircraft, familiarization with aircraft instrumentation, or training in non-standard and emergency situations
飞行模拟器在世界各地的飞行员训练中发挥着重要作用。它们有助于提高空中交通的安全性,让您练习紧急情况和非标准程序,从而使飞行员在实际飞行中为危险做好准备。在为Žilina大学航空培训和教育中心采购这种类型的飞机期间,对Zlín 242L模拟器的需求出现了。本文主要根据飞机Zlín 242L的飞行手册,对模拟器仪表部分进行了设计和布置。本文的理论部分描述了飞行模拟器的基本要求、飞行模拟器的分类和仪表内部的重点是机载飞行数据的显示方式,描述了模拟器空间内的显示设备,并研究了飞行所需的显示数据的要求。本文的结果是模拟器仪表的设计和随后的模拟器的建造,它将为航空运输部的学生提供特定类型飞机飞行过程中的培训程序,熟悉飞机仪表,或在非标准和紧急情况下的培训
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引用次数: 0
Methodical manual for flight according to PBN 根据PBN有条理的飞行手册
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.26552/pas.z.2021.2.43
A. Novák, F. Jůn
Work dealing with the professional topic of PBN issues and its use within the University of Žilina in Žilina. The division of the work is 4 content units, each of which describes a different area of the issue. In the first chapter, the author analyzes certified navigation devices and their functionality within the PBN concept. The chapter describes the basic radio navigation equipment, which we include in the concept of PBN, namely VOR, DME, but also satellite navigation systems GNSS, ABAS, GBAS, SBAS. And in summary, use of these systems in the PBN concept. The next chapter describes the theoretical knowledge that a student should have in flight according to PBN. It describes the theoretical background that a pilot needs to perform such a flight. Every pilot who starts practical flying should have studied the facts given in this chapter. In the third chapter, the reader will learn about the differences between flying a real aircraft and between simulator flying during PBN training. It describes the execution of the flight according to PBN, which is helpful before starting the simulator training. The simulator is an important part of the training and should therefore be given the same level of attention. The last part of this work summarizes the facts from the previous chapters and uses this knowledge in their implementation in flight procedures. When reading this chapter, it is necessary to use your knowledge of practical training. The aim of this work is to create a framework for the future methodological manual for PBN training. The main goal of this work is to bring the issue closer to the reader, to acquaint him with the issue of PBN flying.
在Žilina处理PBN问题的专业主题及其在Žilina大学的使用。工作划分为4个内容单元,每个内容单元描述问题的不同领域。在第一章中,作者分析了经过认证的导航设备及其在PBN概念中的功能。本章描述了基本的无线电导航设备,我们包括在PBN的概念中,即VOR, DME,以及卫星导航系统GNSS, ABAS, GBAS, SBAS。总而言之,在PBN概念中使用这些系统。下一章描述了根据PBN学生在飞行中应该具备的理论知识。它描述了飞行员进行这种飞行所需的理论背景。每个开始实际飞行的飞行员都应该研究过本章中给出的事实。在第三章中,读者将了解在PBN训练期间飞行真实飞机和模拟器飞行之间的差异。它描述了飞行的执行根据PBN,这是有帮助的开始模拟器训练之前。模拟器是训练的重要组成部分,因此应该给予同等的重视。这项工作的最后一部分总结了前几章的事实,并在飞行程序中使用这些知识。在阅读本章时,有必要运用你的实践训练知识。这项工作的目的是为未来的PBN培训方法手册建立一个框架。这项工作的主要目标是使问题更接近读者,让他熟悉PBN飞行的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Wing magnetohydrodynamic facility of aircraft propulsion system 飞机推进系统机翼磁流体动力装置
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.26552/pas.z.2021.2.27
P. Miča, J. Čerňan
Magnetohydrodynamics is one of the relatively new fields of physics studying the dynamics of magnetic fields in electrically conductive fluids. The implementation using magnetohydrodynamic principles applied to aircraft propulsion systems is so far only in a range of experiments. So far, real applications have occurred only a few times and always only at the level of experiments and prototypes. In my paper, I deal with the application of a magnetohydrodynamic device built into the wing of an airplane. This means should work as a secondary type of drive in cooperation with the primary drive, which is represented by a turbofan motor. The device´s main function is to reduce the fuel requirements of the primary drive and reduce noise and other harmful emissions. The work also includes drawings created in the program AutoCAD, where I designed the location and implementation of a wing magnetohydrodynamic device in the wing of general construction. In this work, I also explore the advantages and disadvantages of using different tips of the primary drive. I am also researching the current state of the problem where I am analyzing the Japanese project of the YAMATO-1 semi-catamaran with magnetohydronymous propulsion and a prototype of an ion-powered crawler from IMT scientists. I also examine in detail all the theoretical knowledge concerning magnetohydrodynamics and wing design. Finally, I compare the advantages and disadvantages of using this tool as well as other technical issues related to construction. This work can serve as a basis for further future research into the application of magnetohydrodynamic principles in aviation
磁流体动力学是研究导电流体中磁场动力学的一个相对较新的物理学领域。将磁流体力学原理应用于飞机推进系统的实现,到目前为止只是在一系列的实验中。到目前为止,真正的应用只发生了几次,而且总是只在实验和原型的水平上。在我的论文中,我讨论了一个内置在飞机机翼上的磁流体动力装置的应用。这意味着应该作为一种辅助驱动与主要驱动合作,这是由涡扇电机代表。该装置的主要功能是降低初级驱动的燃油需求,降低噪音和其他有害排放物。该作品还包括在AutoCAD程序中创建的图纸,我在其中设计了机翼磁流体动力装置在一般建筑机翼中的位置和实现。在这项工作中,我还探讨了使用不同提示的主驱动器的优点和缺点。我也在研究这个问题的现状,我正在分析日本的YAMATO-1半双体船项目,该项目具有磁水推进和IMT科学家提供的离子动力履带原型。我还详细研究了所有关于磁流体力学和机翼设计的理论知识。最后,我比较了使用该工具的优点和缺点,以及与施工相关的其他技术问题。这项工作可以为进一步研究磁流体动力学原理在航空中的应用奠定基础
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引用次数: 0
Design of a bladeless engine compressor based on magnetohydrodynamics 基于磁流体力学的无叶片发动机压气机设计
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.26552/pas.z.2021.2.39
Jana Stachová, J. Čerňan
This article is a technical analysis focusing on the design of a bladeless compressor based on magnetohydrodynamics and the possibilities of its use. The aim of this work is to design new solutions in the field of aircraft compressors and to provide a comprehensive overview of scientific information on the topic. Emphasis is also placed on acquainting the reader with the basic principles of magnetohydrodynamics and the possibilities of its application in the field of aircraft propulsion units. The work is a combination of professional research of scientific information in the field of plasma and magnetohydrodynamics and a practical part whose goal is to create new design of a bladeless compressor using scientific observation and modelling methods. This design was also examined in the work using the method of comparison, which aimed to examine the design and its behaviour in different configurations. The main goal was to combine essential and key information from the researched area and apply it in a completely new way in designing new solutions in issued area
本文对一种基于磁流体力学的无叶片压缩机的设计及其应用的可能性进行了技术分析。这项工作的目的是在飞机压缩机领域设计新的解决方案,并提供有关该主题的科学信息的全面概述。重点还放在使读者熟悉磁流体动力学的基本原理及其在飞机推进装置领域应用的可能性。这项工作结合了等离子体和磁流体动力学领域的科学信息的专业研究和实践部分,其目标是利用科学观察和建模方法创建无叶片压缩机的新设计。该设计也在工作中使用比较方法进行了检查,目的是检查设计及其在不同配置中的行为。主要目标是结合研究领域的基本和关键信息,并以全新的方式应用于设计发布领域的新解决方案
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引用次数: 0
The assessment of the catchment area of Žilina airport in terms of inbound tourism 从入境旅游角度对Žilina机场集水区的评价
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.26552/pas.z.2021.2.17
Alžbeta Kohútová, A. Kazda
The aim of the paper is to assess the catchment area of Žilina Airport in terms of inbound tourism, to consider the possibilities of its further development, and to assess potential traffic flows. The first chapter is devoted to the evaluation of current state and accessibility of the region within the realm of air travel. The second chapter describes the acquired theoretical knowledge about tourism which served as a basis for the Žilina Airport catchment area specification, as well as for defining activities, organisations and facilities crucial for the development of inbound tourism in the area. Another part of the final paper is a short questionnaire which details the interest of spa facilities in the airport catchment area to attract groups of clients who utilised air travel. The results obtained from the questionnaire served as a basis for the last chapter which describes potential customers and traffic flows.
本文的目的是评估Žilina机场的集水区在入境旅游方面,考虑其进一步发展的可能性,并评估潜在的交通流量。第一章致力于对航空旅行领域内该地区的现状和可达性进行评估。第二章描述了所获得的关于旅游业的理论知识,这些知识作为Žilina机场集水区规范的基础,以及定义对该地区入境旅游发展至关重要的活动、组织和设施。最后论文的另一部分是一份简短的问卷,详细说明了机场集水区水疗设施的兴趣,以吸引使用航空旅行的客户群体。从问卷调查中获得的结果作为最后一章描述潜在客户和交通流量的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Regulatory framework for civil aviation between the EU and the UK after Brexit 英国脱欧后欧盟与英国之间的民航监管框架
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.26552/pas.z.2021.2.46
Maroš Vereš, A. Tomová
This paper deals with the topic of Brexit, and its objective is a complex description of the new regulatory framework of civil air transport in United Kingdom. The methods like description, analysis and synpaper were applied on extensive and diverse sources of information, e.g. case laws, regulations, studies or expert articles. The paper introduces a comprehensive set of facts that clarify the act of withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. The explanation of the new regulatory framework of civil air transport for the United Kingdom, and its impact on the United Kingdom and the European Union, brings contribution to the students of Department of Air Transport. The significance of the work is mainly in the timeliness of the topic, that could subsequently be used as an educational material in the field of air transport within the international economic relations.
本文涉及英国脱欧的主题,其目标是对英国民用航空运输的新监管框架进行复杂的描述。描述、分析和综合等方法应用于广泛和多样化的信息来源,例如判例法、法规、研究或专家文章。本文介绍了一套全面的事实,澄清了英国退出欧盟的行为。解释英国民用航空运输的新监管框架,及其对英国和欧盟的影响,为航空运输系的学生带来贡献。这项工作的意义主要在于这个题目的及时性,因此可以用作国际经济关系中航空运输领域的教材。
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引用次数: 0
Design of UAV detection system utilizing communication monitoring 基于通信监控的无人机探测系统设计
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.26552/pas.z.2021.2.04
Martin Brodniansky, Andrej Andrej
Aim of the paper is to design a system capable of detecting unmanned aerial vehicles utilizing radio communication sensing. The need to detect UAVs is caused by combination of their compact size, sensing capabilities, autonomous nature, ways of misusing them or their spread among unprofessional users unaware of their own risky handling of UAV. All these factors can lead to serious security threats and risk to human lives or infrastructure. In this paper, radio communication detection system is proposed as part of a robust system where radio detection is supplemented by other methods, to maximise probability of UAV detection. Significant attention was dedicated to deeper analysis of current progress in the area of radio communication detection systems as well as acoustic, visual and radar detection. Based on this analysis, all systems were compared together based on probability of detection and distances of detection. Comparation together with different properties of detection methods were basic stepping stone for final system proposal. Robust detection system was successfully designed with radio detection as its primary component, radar detection serving primarily as localizer of UAV, acoustic system serving as backup for detection of UAVs without radio communication and visual system for final confirmation of UAV, its model and presence of camera or load
本文的目的是设计一个能够利用无线电通信传感检测无人机的系统。检测无人机的需求是由其紧凑的尺寸、传感能力、自主性质、滥用方式或在不知道自己危险处理无人机的非专业用户中传播引起的。所有这些因素都可能导致严重的安全威胁和对人类生命或基础设施的风险。本文提出了无线电通信探测系统作为鲁棒系统的一部分,其中无线电探测由其他方法补充,以最大限度地提高无人机的探测概率。特别注意更深入地分析无线电通信探测系统以及声学、视觉和雷达探测领域的目前进展。在此基础上,根据检测概率和检测距离对所有系统进行比较。比较不同检测方法的性能是最终系统方案的基础。成功设计了以无线电探测为主要组成部分的鲁棒探测系统,雷达探测主要作为无人机的定位器,声学系统作为无无线电通信的无人机的备用探测系统,视觉系统用于最终确认无人机、其型号和是否存在摄像头或负载
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引用次数: 0
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