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Performance analysis and multi-objective optimization for an integrated air separation, power generation, refrigeration and ice thermal storage system based on the LNG cold energy utilization 基于液化天然气冷能利用的空分、发电、制冷和冰蓄冷一体化系统的性能分析和多目标优化
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.07.008
Xu Zheng , Ji Zhang , Yan Li , Zhihao Zhang , Jikai Lu , Ning Mei , Zhixiang Zhang , Han Yuan
Against the backdrop of escalating resource depletion and the urgent quest for alternative sources, liquefied natural gas (LNG) is increasingly gaining prominence as a sustainable solution, particularly in refrigeration applications. However, its underutilization results in wasted resources. To efficiently harness the released cold energy from LNG gasification, this study proposes an integrated system comprising air separation, power generation, refrigeration, and ice thermal storage. The system undergoes optimization using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) to determine the optimal operating parameters. The optimized system is comprehensively analyzed from energy, exergy, economic, and environmental perspectives. Results show that the system, with a 70t/h LNG capacity, achieves an energy efficiency of 42.52% and an exergy efficiency of 48.09%. Economically, the system incurs a cost of approximately 0.0711 $/kWh and can mitigate over 1.4504*107kg of CO2 emissions. Compared to traditional LNG utilization systems, the integrated system demonstrates a 22.32% improvement in energy efficiency, a 7.69% enhancement in exergy efficiency, and a cost reduction of 0.0049 $/kWh. In summary, this technologically advanced and economically viable system offers a significant alternative to optimize LNG cold energy utilization.
在资源日益枯竭和急需寻找替代资源的背景下,液化天然气(LNG)作为一种可持续的解决方案,尤其是在制冷应用中,正日益受到重视。然而,对液化天然气的利用不足会造成资源浪费。为了有效利用液化天然气气化过程中释放的冷能,本研究提出了一个由空气分离、发电、制冷和冰蓄热组成的集成系统。该系统采用非支配排序遗传算法 II(NSGA-II)进行优化,以确定最佳运行参数。从能量、放能、经济和环境角度对优化后的系统进行了全面分析。结果表明,该系统的液化天然气产能为 70t/h,能效为 42.52%,放能效为 48.09%。在经济上,该系统的成本约为 0.0711 美元/千瓦时,可减少超过 1.4504*107 千克的二氧化碳排放量。与传统的液化天然气利用系统相比,集成系统的能效提高了 22.32%,放能效率提高了 7.69%,成本降低了 0.0049 美元/千瓦时。总之,这个技术先进、经济可行的系统为优化液化天然气冷能利用提供了一个重要的替代方案。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical investigation on scroll compressor with intermediate discharge valve for VRF annual performance promotion 带中间排气阀涡旋式压缩机的数值研究,用于提升 VRF 年度性能
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.10.005
Minghong Yang , Shuangquan Shao
Over-compression of scroll compressor in variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system is a common problem in improving system efficiency because it operates in part load conditions for most of the year. By introducing intermediate discharge valves (IDVs) to allow gas bypass from compression chamber to discharge side during compression process, the over-compression loss can be eliminated. In this study, the characteristics of compression process in IDV compressor are analysed and the effects of IDV port location and port size on compressor efficiency are discussed based on the validated high fidelity scroll compressor model. It is found that the IDVs could be able to adjust gas bypass process in different compression ratio conditions and maintain high efficiency over wider compression ratio range than that of non-IDV compressor. In addition, the VRF system model is integrated to verify the system performance improvement by IDV compressor. It is found that VRF system performance is significantly improved in cooling conditions with the IEER enhanced by 23.9 %, while limited improvement is obtained in heating conditions as the operating compression ratios are relatively higher.
可变制冷剂流量(VRF)系统中涡旋压缩机的过压缩是提高系统效率的一个常见问题,因为它一年中的大部分时间都是在部分负荷条件下运行的。通过引入中间排气阀(IDV),在压缩过程中允许气体从压缩腔旁通到排气侧,可以消除过压缩损失。本研究分析了 IDV 压缩机压缩过程的特点,并根据经过验证的高保真涡旋压缩机模型讨论了 IDV 端口位置和端口大小对压缩机效率的影响。研究发现,与非 IDV 压缩机相比,IDV 压缩机能够在不同压缩比条件下调节气体旁路过程,并在更宽的压缩比范围内保持高效率。此外,还集成了 VRF 系统模型,以验证 IDV 压缩机对系统性能的改善。结果发现,VRF 系统在制冷条件下的性能得到了显著改善,IEER 提高了 23.9%,而在制热条件下,由于运行压缩比相对较高,性能改善有限。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of irregular fiber filling on the performance of hollow fiber membrane modules for cold water production 不规则纤维填充对用于冷水生产的中空纤维膜组件性能的影响
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.09.029
Weichao Yan, Chuanjun Yang, Yu Zhang, Yahui Liu, Yilin Liu, Xin Cui, Xiangzhao Meng, Liwen Jin
The countercurrent hollow fiber membrane-based evaporative water cooler (MEWC) offers an eco-friendly and compact solution for cold water generation. This study introduces a random sequential addition algorithm to model the real-world irregular fiber filling within the MEWC. Inspired by the honeycomb structure, the developed 3-D numerical model adopts a calculation unit featuring a hexagonal prism comprising multiple fibers. Validation against experimental data reveals an average relative error of 2.81 % concerning outlet water temperature. The effects of fiber filling patterns (regular layout and random layout) on the velocity and temperature fields of the MEWC are investigated. Comparisons of outlet water temperature, cooling efficiency, consumptive electric power ratio, and heat and mass transfer resistance composition between these layouts under various operating conditions are conducted. The results indicate that the random layout fosters severe channeling effect and large flow dead zones, impairing air side heat and moisture transfer. The random layout exhibits over 15.9 % reduction in cooling efficiency and 36.3 % decrease in consumptive electric power ratio compared to the regular layout. Irregular fiber filling leads to a notable 158.6 % increase in air side heat transfer resistance and a 35.9 % rise in mass transfer resistance. Although irregular filling compromises the cooling performance, it demonstrates potential for energy savings under certain conditions. Design schemes should be carefully tailored to meet specific application requirements by considering these trade-offs.
基于逆流中空纤维膜的蒸发式水冷却器(MEWC)为冷水生产提供了一种环保、紧凑的解决方案。本研究引入了一种随机顺序添加算法,以模拟真实世界中 MEWC 内的不规则纤维填充。受蜂巢结构的启发,所开发的三维数值模型采用了一个由多根纤维组成的六角棱柱为特征的计算单元。根据实验数据进行验证后发现,出口水温的平均相对误差为 2.81%。研究了纤维填充模式(规则布局和随机布局)对 MEWC 的速度场和温度场的影响。比较了这些布局在不同运行条件下的出水温度、冷却效率、消耗功率比以及传热和传质阻力组成。结果表明,随机布局会产生严重的通道效应和较大的流动死区,影响空气侧的热量和水分传递。与常规布局相比,随机布局的冷却效率降低了 15.9%,消耗功率比降低了 36.3%。不规则纤维填充导致空气侧传热阻力显著增加 158.6%,传质阻力增加 35.9%。虽然不规则填充会影响冷却性能,但在某些条件下却具有节能潜力。应通过考虑这些权衡因素,精心定制设计方案,以满足特定的应用要求。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating of vibration and noise characteristics in two-phase gas-liquid flow through a spiral capillary tube 研究通过螺旋毛细管的气液两相流的振动和噪声特性
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.10.003
Chang Guo , Ming Gao , Feiran Lv , Zhigang Liu , Ning Zhang
The vaporization of refrigerant in the liquid-phase in spiral capillary tube induces complex two-phase flow that causes vibrations and noise, which affect the performance and stability of refrigeration systems. Therefore, the flow patterns, vibrations, flow-borne and structure-borne noises in spiral capillary tube are explored, and the effects of coil diameters, pitches and temperatures are analyzed. The results showed that the flow upstream the vaporization point was dominant by liquid-phase, then changed to bubbly flow downstream the vaporization point under various structures, and further changed to mist flow near the outlet, while it changed to gas-phase flow near the outlet under high temperature. The flow-borne noise was mainly affected by the flow turbulence, and the total sound pressure level (TSPL) increased by 17.1 % on average as the temperature increased from 309.6 to 317.6 K, and rose with the increase in pitch. As the coil diameter increased, the TSPL first increased and then decreased. Moreover, the maximum deformation of structure increased by 58.33 % as the diameter increased from 35 to 50 mm, but changed little with various pitches. The changing trends of vibration intensity caused the similar variations of structure-borne noise. The TSPL of structure-borne noise increased by 9.14 % with the diameter increasing from 35 to 50 mm, but it changed little at various pitches. The TSPL of structure-borne noise was much higher than flow-borne noise, which meant that improving the structural vibration can control the noise of refrigerant flow in spiral capillary tube.
制冷剂在螺旋毛细管中的液相汽化会引起复杂的两相流动,从而产生振动和噪音,影响制冷系统的性能和稳定性。因此,本文探讨了螺旋毛细管中的流动模式、振动、流动噪声和结构噪声,并分析了盘管直径、间距和温度的影响。结果表明,在各种结构下,汽化点上游的流动以液相流动为主,然后转变为汽化点下游的气泡流动,并在出口附近进一步转变为雾状流动,而在高温下则在出口附近转变为气相流动。流动噪声主要受流动湍流的影响,当温度从 309.6 K 上升到 317.6 K 时,总声压级(TSPL)平均上升了 17.1%,并随着螺距的增加而上升。随着线圈直径的增大,总声压级先增大后减小。此外,当直径从 35 毫米增加到 50 毫米时,结构的最大变形增加了 58.33%,但在不同节距下变化不大。振动强度的变化趋势导致了结构噪声的类似变化。当直径从 35 毫米增加到 50 毫米时,结构传播噪声的总声压级(TSPL)增加了 9.14%,但在不同间距下变化不大。结构传播噪音的 TSPL 远高于流动传播噪音,这意味着改善结构振动可以控制螺旋毛细管中的制冷剂流动噪音。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental results on a chiller using a CO2-DME mixture 使用二氧化碳-二甲醚混合物的冷却器的实验结果
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.10.002
G. Vaccaro , A. Milazzo , P. Tobaly , A.T. Diaby , L. Talluri
CO2-DME (Carbon Dioxide-Dimethyl Ether) mixtures raised our interest in the last year as they promise to increase the COP with respect to pure CO2 while maintaining GWP = 1. The mixture can be non-flammable, as far as the percentage of DME is low. This study presents experimental findings obtained from a chiller system utilizing CO2-DME mixtures as the working fluid. The experimental investigation aims to analyse the performance and behaviour of the chiller under varying operating conditions. Key parameters, such as coefficient of performance, cooling capacity, and thermodynamic behaviour are examined to assess the suitability and efficacy of the CO2-DME mixture in chiller applications. The experimental results shed light on the thermodynamic characteristics and operational considerations of the chiller system, providing valuable insights into the potential of CO2-DME mixtures for environmentally friendly, safe and energy-efficient cooling technologies. The experimental findings indicate a maximum increase in COP of 15 % for a mixture comprising 10 % DME, with a condensation temperature of 35 °C. Furthermore, the cooling capacity is reduced only by 7 % in the worst case.
二氧化碳-二甲醚(CO2-DME)混合物在去年引起了我们的兴趣,因为与纯二氧化碳相比,它们有望提高 COP,同时保持 GWP = 1。只要二甲醚的比例较低,这种混合物就不易燃。本研究介绍了使用二氧化碳-二甲醚混合物作为工作流体的冷却系统的实验结果。实验调查旨在分析冷却器在不同运行条件下的性能和表现。研究了性能系数、冷却能力和热力学行为等关键参数,以评估二氧化碳-二甲醚混合物在冷却器应用中的适用性和有效性。实验结果揭示了冷风机系统的热力学特性和运行注意事项,为了解二氧化碳-二甲醚混合物在环保、安全和节能冷却技术方面的潜力提供了宝贵的见解。实验结果表明,二甲醚含量为 10%、冷凝温度为 35 °C 的混合物的 COP 最大增幅为 15%。此外,在最糟糕的情况下,冷却能力只降低了 7%。
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引用次数: 0
Oil circulation ratio prediction in a vapor compression system using a discharge side oil separator and mass flow correction 利用排油侧油分离器和质量流量校正预测蒸汽压缩系统中的油循环比率
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.09.026
Syed Angkan Haider , Xin Wang , Christopher Seeton , Nenad Miljkovic , Stefan Elbel
Oil circulation ratio (OCR) is defined as the ratio of the mass flow rate of oil to the total mass flow rate of refrigerant-oil mixture in a vapor compression system. The standard method for measuring OCR uses liquid line sampling as described in ASHRAE Standard 41.4. Sampling is tedious, alters the steady state operation of the system, depends on different parameters, and only applies to miscible refrigerant-oil pairs. A potential method for measuring real-time OCR is by using an oil separator to separate the refrigerant flow from the oil flow and using the individual flow rates to calculate OCR. Neither a liquid line, nor refrigerant-oil miscibility are necessary for this separation-based method. No oil separator is perfect as some oil always escapes with the separated refrigerant, and some refrigerant, dissolved in oil, always escapes with the separated oil. This can significantly reduce the accuracy of the procedure. The present study investigates OCR measurements using an oil separator-based approach for a full vapor compression cycle working with R134a and PAG ISO 46 oil. A full cycle allows sampling to also be performed in parallel for validation. Mass flow corrections were performed to account for refrigerant dissolved in separated oil, and for oil entrained by separated refrigerant. OCR values from the oil separator-based approach, upon mass flow correction, were within 6 % of the sampling results. The usefulness of the oil separation efficiencies at the oil and vapor outlet ports for the oil separator-based approach is discussed.
油循环比 (OCR) 的定义是蒸汽压缩系统中油的质量流量与制冷剂-油混合物的总质量流量之比。测量 OCR 的标准方法是使用 ASHRAE 标准 41.4 中所述的液体管路取样。取样工作非常繁琐,会改变系统的稳定运行状态,取决于不同的参数,而且仅适用于可混溶的制冷剂-油对。测量实时 OCR 的潜在方法是使用油分离器将制冷剂流和油流分离,并使用单独的流速来计算 OCR。这种基于分离的方法既不需要液体管路,也不需要制冷剂-油混溶。没有一种油分离器是完美无缺的,因为总有一些油会随分离出来的制冷剂一起逸出,而一些溶解在油中的制冷剂也会随分离出来的油一起逸出。这会大大降低程序的准确性。本研究采用基于油分离器的方法,对使用 R134a 和 PAG ISO 46 油的全蒸汽压缩循环进行 OCR 测量。全循环允许同时进行采样以进行验证。对溶解在分离油中的制冷剂和分离制冷剂夹带的油进行了质量流量修正。基于油分离器方法的 OCR 值在进行质量流量修正后,与采样结果的误差在 6% 以内。讨论了基于油分离器方法的油和蒸汽出口油分离效率的实用性。
{"title":"Oil circulation ratio prediction in a vapor compression system using a discharge side oil separator and mass flow correction","authors":"Syed Angkan Haider ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Christopher Seeton ,&nbsp;Nenad Miljkovic ,&nbsp;Stefan Elbel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.09.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.09.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oil circulation ratio (<span><math><mrow><mi>O</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span>) is defined as the ratio of the mass flow rate of oil to the total mass flow rate of refrigerant-oil mixture in a vapor compression system. The standard method for measuring <span><math><mrow><mi>O</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span> uses liquid line sampling as described in ASHRAE Standard 41.4. Sampling is tedious, alters the steady state operation of the system, depends on different parameters, and only applies to miscible refrigerant-oil pairs. A potential method for measuring real-time <span><math><mrow><mi>O</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span> is by using an oil separator to separate the refrigerant flow from the oil flow and using the individual flow rates to calculate <span><math><mrow><mi>O</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span>. Neither a liquid line, nor refrigerant-oil miscibility are necessary for this separation-based method. No oil separator is perfect as some oil always escapes with the separated refrigerant, and some refrigerant, dissolved in oil, always escapes with the separated oil. This can significantly reduce the accuracy of the procedure. The present study investigates <span><math><mrow><mi>O</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span> measurements using an oil separator-based approach for a full vapor compression cycle working with R134a and PAG ISO 46 oil. A full cycle allows sampling to also be performed in parallel for validation. Mass flow corrections were performed to account for refrigerant dissolved in separated oil, and for oil entrained by separated refrigerant. <span><math><mrow><mi>O</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span> values from the oil separator-based approach, upon mass flow correction, were within 6 % of the sampling results. The usefulness of the oil separation efficiencies at the oil and vapor outlet ports for the oil separator-based approach is discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"169 ","pages":"Pages 69-79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental study of the performance of a water-to-water heat pump equipped with a liquid receiver with different charge levels 配备不同充注量液体接收器的水-水热泵性能实验研究
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.09.022
Chiara D’Ignazi, Luca Molinaroli, Carla Bongiorno
This paper presents an experimental investigation of the effects of a decreasing refrigerant charge on the performance and operating conditions of an R513A water-to-water heat pump equipped with a large liquid receiver, an electronic expansion valve, and a vapor accumulator at the compressor inlet. The mass of the refrigerant inside the machine is progressively extracted to simulate refrigerant leakages occurring during the normal operation or in case of failures. The results show that the subcooling is the parameter mostly affected by a refrigerant charge variation since it rapidly collapses to 0 K with the charge reduction. Furthermore, it is possible to identify three different zones in which almost all the properties analyzed (COP, heating capacity, operating pressures and expansion valve opening) exhibit peculiar trends with the charge decrease: subcooling sensitivity zone, constant parameters zone, and compressor failure risk zone. The extension of these zones is determined by the size of the liquid receiver which is installed in the system and, for the heat pump under consideration, is between 100% and 95% of the initial charge for the first zone, between 95% and 40% for the second zone, and below 40% for the third zone.
本文介绍了制冷剂充注量减少对 R513A 水-水热泵性能和运行条件影响的实验研究,该热泵配备了一个大型储液器、一个电子膨胀阀和一个位于压缩机入口的蒸汽蓄能器。机器内部的制冷剂质量被逐步抽取,以模拟正常运行或发生故障时的制冷剂泄漏。结果表明,过冷度是受制冷剂充注量变化影响最大的参数,因为随着充注量的减少,过冷度会迅速下降到 0 K。此外,还可以确定三个不同的区域,在这些区域中,几乎所有分析的属性(COP、制热能力、工作压力和膨胀阀开度)都会随着充注量的减少而呈现出特殊的趋势:过冷度敏感区、恒定参数区和压缩机故障风险区。这些区域的范围由安装在系统中的储液器大小决定,对于所考虑的热泵而言,第一个区域在初始充注量的 100% 到 95% 之间,第二个区域在 95% 到 40% 之间,第三个区域在 40% 以下。
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引用次数: 0
Optimizing the influence of refrigerant superheat on the cooperative thermal management system performance for the vehicle cabin and battery 优化制冷剂过热度对汽车座舱和电池协同热管理系统性能的影响
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.09.013
Jiesong Jian, Yingchao Zhang, Guohua Wang, Qiankun Li
The refrigerant superheat significantly impacts on the energy consumption of the vehicle cabin and battery collaborative thermal management system. The study investigates the problem using a genetic algorithm. Firstly, the model of collaborative thermal system is established and verified. Then, the coefficient of performance (COP) maximization is taken as the optimization target during steady-state conditions. The results show that the optimal refrigerant superheat at the evaporator outlet (SEva) is very low for different heat dissipation of the battery (HBat) as well as ambient temperature, while the optimal refrigerant superheat at the chiller outlet (SChi) is affected by the HBat as well as ambient temperature. Finally, according to conclusions under the steady state, the SEva is set to 1 K and taking the energy consumption (EC) as the response under transient condition, the SChi is determined. The results indicate that when the SChi is decided by single-point optimization, the optimal SChi is 18 K, and the EC is 1490 kJ, which is 2.3 % energy saving compared to the basic condition. When the SChi is decided by two-point optimization, the optimal two superheats are 12 K and 37 K and the EC is 1460 kJ, which is 4.3 % energy saving compared to the basic condition.
制冷剂过热度对汽车座舱和电池协同热管理系统的能耗有很大影响。本研究采用遗传算法对该问题进行了研究。首先,建立并验证了协同热系统模型。然后,将性能系数(COP)最大化作为稳态条件下的优化目标。结果表明,在电池散热量(HBat)和环境温度不同的情况下,蒸发器出口的最佳制冷剂过热度(SEva)非常低,而冷水机组出口的最佳制冷剂过热度(SChi)则受 HBat 和环境温度的影响。最后,根据稳态下的结论,将 SEva 设为 1 K,并以能耗(EC)作为瞬态条件下的响应,确定 SChi。结果表明,通过单点优化确定 SChi 时,最佳 SChi 为 18 K,EC 为 1490 kJ,与基本条件相比节能 2.3%。通过两点优化决定 SChi 时,最佳的两个过热度分别为 12 K 和 37 K,EC 为 1460 kJ,与基本条件相比节能 4.3%。
{"title":"Optimizing the influence of refrigerant superheat on the cooperative thermal management system performance for the vehicle cabin and battery","authors":"Jiesong Jian,&nbsp;Yingchao Zhang,&nbsp;Guohua Wang,&nbsp;Qiankun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The refrigerant superheat significantly impacts on the energy consumption of the vehicle cabin and battery collaborative thermal management system. The study investigates the problem using a genetic algorithm. Firstly, the model of collaborative thermal system is established and verified. Then, the coefficient of performance (COP) maximization is taken as the optimization target during steady-state conditions. The results show that the optimal refrigerant superheat at the evaporator outlet (S<sub>Eva</sub>) is very low for different heat dissipation of the battery (H<sub>Bat</sub>) as well as ambient temperature, while the optimal refrigerant superheat at the chiller outlet (S<sub>Chi</sub>) is affected by the H<sub>Bat</sub> as well as ambient temperature. Finally, according to conclusions under the steady state, the S<sub>Eva</sub> is set to 1 K and taking the energy consumption (EC) as the response under transient condition, the S<sub>Chi</sub> is determined. The results indicate that when the S<sub>Chi</sub> is decided by single-point optimization, the optimal S<sub>Chi</sub> is 18 K, and the EC is 1490 kJ, which is 2.3 % energy saving compared to the basic condition. When the S<sub>Chi</sub> is decided by two-point optimization, the optimal two superheats are 12 K and 37 K and the EC is 1460 kJ, which is 4.3 % energy saving compared to the basic condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"168 ","pages":"Pages 364-375"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A comprehensive review of low dew-point desiccant wheel system: Mechanisms, configuration, and optimization 全面回顾低露点干燥轮系统:机制、配置和优化
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.09.006
Yujie Xu, Liu Chen
Humidity control is very important in production and life, especially in low dew-point industries where the dew-point temperature is less than 0 °C. A low dew-point desiccant wheel system (LDDWS) can meet the ambient humidity ratio required for production well. The mechanisms, configuration, and optimization of the LDDWS are comprehensively reviewed. The air heat-moisture handling processes of the LDDWS are initially introduced. The influence of the cold and heat source configurations on the dehumidification capacity and energy consumption is illustrated. Free cold sources, renewable heat sources, and heat pump technology can effectively increase energy utilization, thereby reducing refrigeration consumption and promoting energy savings. The optimization measures of system performance, including efficient desiccant materials, desiccant wheel partitioning, heat recovery technology, and low dew-point return air recycling, are presented. These optimization measures can effectively improve the dehumidification capacity and reduce the consumption of primary energy. In addition, to enhance the further development of LDDWS, this paper presents prospects for future developments in terms of industrial demand, dehumidification capacity, thermodynamic cycle and energy utilization.
湿度控制在生产和生活中非常重要,尤其是在露点温度低于 0 °C 的低露点工业中。低露点干燥轮系统(LDDWS)可以很好地满足生产所需的环境湿度比。本文全面回顾了低露点干燥轮系统的机理、配置和优化。初步介绍了 LDDWS 的空气热湿处理过程。说明了冷源和热源配置对除湿能力和能耗的影响。免费冷源、可再生热源和热泵技术可有效提高能源利用率,从而降低制冷消耗,促进节能。介绍了系统性能的优化措施,包括高效干燥剂材料、干燥剂轮分区、热回收技术和低露点回风循环。这些优化措施能有效提高除湿能力,减少一次能源的消耗。此外,为了促进低露点除湿系统的进一步发展,本文还从工业需求、除湿能力、热力学循环和能源利用等方面对其未来发展进行了展望。
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引用次数: 0
A method to calculate the two-phase distribution in a microchannel heat exchanger 计算微通道热交换器中两相分布的方法
IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.09.027
Chao Yuan , Hequn Liu , Jinqing Peng , Zhongbing Liu , Houpei Li
Maldistribution seriously impacts the heat transfer performance of the microchannel heat exchanger (MCHX). Fully understanding the two-phase distribution in the heat exchanger is important for advancing academic research and engineering applications. This study introduces a novel method for quantifying two-phase distribution in a microchannel heat exchanger. An experimental setup was developed to measure the local vapor mass fraction in the heat exchanger header. Capacitance signals were measured under inlet vapor mass fractions from 0 to 1, and inlet flow rates of 10, 15, and 25 g s−1 corresponding to a mass flux of 17.47, 26.2, and 43.66 kg m−2s−1, respectively. The local vapor mass fraction in the header was estimated using the capacitance measurements. The mass flow rate in the header, the microchannel tube, and the vapor mass fraction in the tube were calculated using the proposed model. The calculation model was validated against literature data, and the results were analyzed. The analysis reveals the characteristics of vapor mass fraction and mass flow rate distribution in the MCHX and further elaborates on the effects of phase separation, entrainment ratio, and pressure drop balance on the distribution. The proposed method can evaluate distribution in the header and tubes of microchannel heat exchangers, and it is also applicable to other types of two-phase flow devices.
分布不良严重影响了微通道换热器(MCHX)的传热性能。充分了解热交换器中的两相分布对于推进学术研究和工程应用非常重要。本研究介绍了一种量化微通道热交换器中两相分布的新方法。研究人员开发了一种实验装置,用于测量热交换器集管中的局部蒸汽质量分数。在入口蒸汽质量分数为 0 至 1,入口流速为 10、15 和 25 g s-1 的情况下测量电容信号,对应的质量通量分别为 17.47、26.2 和 43.66 kg m-2s-1。集管中的局部蒸汽质量分数是通过电容测量值估算出来的。利用提出的模型计算了集管、微通道管中的质量流量和管中的蒸汽质量分数。计算模型与文献数据进行了验证,并对结果进行了分析。分析揭示了 MCHX 中蒸汽质量分数和质量流量分布的特点,并进一步阐述了相分离、夹带比和压降平衡对分布的影响。所提出的方法可以评估微通道热交换器集管和管道中的分布,也适用于其他类型的两相流设备。
{"title":"A method to calculate the two-phase distribution in a microchannel heat exchanger","authors":"Chao Yuan ,&nbsp;Hequn Liu ,&nbsp;Jinqing Peng ,&nbsp;Zhongbing Liu ,&nbsp;Houpei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.09.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.09.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maldistribution seriously impacts the heat transfer performance of the microchannel heat exchanger (MCHX). Fully understanding the two-phase distribution in the heat exchanger is important for advancing academic research and engineering applications. This study introduces a novel method for quantifying two-phase distribution in a microchannel heat exchanger. An experimental setup was developed to measure the local vapor mass fraction in the heat exchanger header. Capacitance signals were measured under inlet vapor mass fractions from 0 to 1, and inlet flow rates of 10, 15, and 25 g s<sup>−1</sup> corresponding to a mass flux of 17.47, 26.2, and 43.66 kg m<sup>−2</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The local vapor mass fraction in the header was estimated using the capacitance measurements. The mass flow rate in the header, the microchannel tube, and the vapor mass fraction in the tube were calculated using the proposed model. The calculation model was validated against literature data, and the results were analyzed. The analysis reveals the characteristics of vapor mass fraction and mass flow rate distribution in the MCHX and further elaborates on the effects of phase separation, entrainment ratio, and pressure drop balance on the distribution. The proposed method can evaluate distribution in the header and tubes of microchannel heat exchangers, and it is also applicable to other types of two-phase flow devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"168 ","pages":"Pages 673-687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid
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