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On the inclination effects during R515B vaporization inside a microfin tube 微翅片管内R515B汽化过程中的倾角效应
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.01.001
Nima Irannezhad , Rasool Mohammadi , Luisa Rossetto , Andrea Diani
The impact of inclination on flow boiling inside a 7 mm outer diameter microfin tube is experimentally investigated and visualized for the low global warming refrigerant R515B. The heat transfer coefficient is evaluated at mass fluxes of 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg m–2 s–1, heat fluxes of 10, 30, and 50 kW m–2, at the saturation temperature of 30 °C, for vapor qualities ranging from 0.1 to 0.9. The investigated inclinations vary from +60° to –60° including the horizontal one. Under conditions of nucleate boiling dominance with the absence of strong convective boiling, the downward configurations experience an elevation of the heat transfer coefficient while the upward configurations have a lower heat transfer coefficient. Increasing the mass flux and heat flux to 400 kg m–2 s–1 and 50 kW m–2 nullifies the effect of inclination for all inclinations except for –60°. A noteworthy aspect with respect to –60° was the occurrence of thermal crisis at high vapor qualities, a unique phenomenon that did not occur at other inclinations at similar operating conditions, which was ascribed to the nature of the flow patterns. Two correlations (Irannezhad et al. (2024) and Mehendale (2017)) developed for flow boiling inside horizontal microfin tube were compared with the results which resulted in mean absolute error of 21.4% and 25.2% respectively. A dimensionless parameter, which is correlated with inclination factor (IF) was proposed, which could be utilized for further studies as a tool to predict the heat transfer coefficients for various inclinations.
采用低全球变暖制冷剂R515B,实验研究了倾角对7 mm外径微鳍管内流动沸腾的影响。在饱和温度为30°C时,质量通量为50、100、200和400 kg m-2 s-1,热通量为10、30和50 kW m-2,蒸汽质量范围为0.1至0.9时,传热系数进行了评估。所研究的倾角从+60°到-60°不等,包括水平倾角。在没有强对流沸腾的条件下,有核沸腾占主导地位,向下配置的传热系数升高,向上配置的传热系数降低。将质量通量和热通量增加到400 kg - m-2 s-1和50 kW - m-2,可以消除除-60°以外的所有倾角的倾角影响。关于-60°的一个值得注意的方面是在高蒸气质量下发生热危机,这是一种独特的现象,在类似的操作条件下,在其他倾角下不会发生,这归因于流动模式的性质。对水平微鳍管内流动沸腾的两种相关性(Irannezhad et al.(2024)和Mehendale(2017))的结果进行比较,平均绝对误差分别为21.4%和25.2%。提出了一个与倾角因子(IF)相关的无量纲参数,该参数可作为预测不同倾角下换热系数的工具,为进一步研究提供依据。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental and predictive investigation of a vapor compression refrigeration system with thermoelectric subcooling and multi-objective optimization of operating conditions 热电过冷蒸汽压缩制冷系统的实验与预测研究及工况多目标优化
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.12.035
Ali M. Ashour , Osama B. Ahmed , Saif Ali Kadhim , Adrián Mota-Babiloni , Farhan Lafta Rashid , Abdallah Bouabidi , Kaouther Ghachem , Walid Aich
Refrigeration systems are essential in daily life. However, increasing cooling demand requires developing more efficient systems with lower environmental footprints. The integration of a thermoelectric cooler with vapor compression refrigeration systems has recently attracted attention as a practical means to improve subcooling and enhance overall performance. The present study experimentally and predictively assesses a VCR system with thermoelectric subcooling (VCR-TECS) for several low-global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants. The VCR system was improved by attaching thermoelectric modules to the condenser outlet, and tests were performed at voltages ranging from 1 to 10 V and water flow rates of 1 to 3 L/min. The introduction of thermoelectric subcooling raised evaporator cooling capacity to 8% and improved the system COP by 5-7% at moderate voltages (4-6 V). Three statistical models (Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and Linear Regression) were developed using experimental data and validated. This was the best performance by Gradient Boosting, with an R² of more than 0.996 and an RMSE of 0.02, effectively reproducing the nonlinear trends in performance. The proposed optimization is a score-based multi-objective one that maximizes cooling capacity and COP, and minimizes total power input to determine the optimal operating conditions. Maximum unified scores were obtained by R513A (0.37) and R1234yf (0.36) at 4 V, which is an improvement in the performance of 35-40 % as compared with other refrigerants. In summary, the VCR-TECS structure offers a novel, simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly approach to improve refrigeration performance during low-voltage operation.
制冷系统在日常生活中是必不可少的。然而,不断增长的制冷需求要求开发更高效、环境足迹更小的系统。热电冷却器与蒸汽压缩制冷系统的集成作为一种改善过冷性和提高整体性能的实用手段,近年来引起了人们的关注。本研究对几种低全球变暖潜值(GWP)制冷剂的热电过冷(VCR- tecs) VCR系统进行了实验和预测评估。通过将热电模块连接到冷凝器出口,对VCR系统进行了改进,并在1 ~ 10 V电压和1 ~ 3 L/min水流速率下进行了测试。热电过冷的引入使蒸发器的制冷量提高到8%,在中等电压(4-6 V)下,系统COP提高了5-7%。利用实验数据建立了三种统计模型(随机森林、梯度增强和线性回归)并进行了验证。这是梯度增强的最佳性能,其R²大于0.996,RMSE为0.02,有效地再现了性能的非线性趋势。提出了一种基于分数的多目标优化方法,以最大制冷量和COP,最小总功率输入来确定最优运行条件。在4 V下,R513A(0.37)和R1234yf(0.36)的统一分数最高,与其他制冷剂相比,性能提高了35- 40%。总之,VCR-TECS结构提供了一种新颖、简单、高效、环保的方法来改善低压运行时的制冷性能。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental investigation on an oil-cooled auto-cascade refrigeration system for aircraft 飞机油冷式自复叠制冷系统的实验研究
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.12.038
Shuo Feng , Hainan Zhang , Kai Liu , Tao Ding , Sujun Dong , Yongji Liu , Shuangquan Shao , Yanhui Feng
The cooling requirements of new-generation airborne devices, coupled with the demand for extended endurance of aircraft under high heat loads, impose higher performance requirements on airborne vapor compression refrigeration systems operating under large temperature differences. Auto-cascade refrigeration system shows significant advantages in this application domain. However, there is little research within the relevant temperature range, especially experimental studies. To address the need for large-temperature-difference cooling in aircraft, this paper firstly presents the experimental investigation of an auto-cascade refrigeration system for aircraft using R245fa/R134a as the refrigerant with a heat source temperature of 20 °C and heat sink temperatures ranging from 55 °C to 100 °C. The effects of refrigerant charge, mixed refrigerant concentration, heat sink temperature, and valve opening on the performance were analyzed. The results can help the design of future aircraft refrigeration systems and promote the application of auto-cascade refrigeration in higher temperature range.
新一代机载设备的制冷要求,加上飞机在高热负荷下延长续航时间的需求,对在大温差下运行的机载蒸汽压缩制冷系统提出了更高的性能要求。自复叠制冷系统在这一应用领域显示出显著的优势。然而,在相关温度范围内的研究很少,尤其是实验研究。针对飞机对大温差制冷的需求,本文首先对以R245fa/R134a为制冷剂,热源温度为20℃,散热器温度为55℃~ 100℃的飞机自复叠制冷系统进行了实验研究。分析了制冷剂充注量、混合制冷剂浓度、散热器温度、阀门开度等因素对制冷性能的影响。研究结果可为今后飞机制冷系统的设计提供参考,并促进自动复叠制冷在更高温度范围内的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular dynamics study of the initial frosting phenomenon on cold surfaces from ordinary-low to cryogenic temperatures 低温至低温冷表面初始结霜现象的分子动力学研究
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.12.036
Shengyuan Zhao , Yanxia Li , Fengjiao Yu , Jing Ren , Zhongliang Liu , Zhongyuan Wang
Frost formation is a prevalent phase transition phenomenon in both natural environments and industrial processes. Current research on frost formation mechanisms and processes has primarily focused on macroscopic scales. This macroscopic focus limits the ability to investigate thoroughly the nanoscale dynamic processes and underlying mechanisms, particularly the systematic evolution characteristics during initial frost formation under ordinary-low and cryogenic conditions. In this study, a physical model for the initial stage of frost formation on cryogenic surfaces was developed using molecular dynamics simulations, enabling nanoscale investigation of early-stage frost formation at low temperatures. The simulation results demonstrate that the frost morphology on copper surfaces varies with substrate temperature, consistent with experimental observations. By employing MATLAB for phase identification of water molecules, we found that the frost crystal structure transitions from dendritic to clustered morphology as the cold surface temperature decreases. This transition results in a non-monotonic variation in frost coverage area: it decreases first, then increases, and subsequently decreases again. Furthermore, the frost formation completion time does not vary monotonically with decreasing cold surface temperature. Within the temperature range of -90 °C to -30 °C, the completion time decreases with temperature reduction; whereas between -130 °C and -90 °C, the formation time increases with further cooling. All these variations are significantly influenced by the evolving frost morphology patterns.
结霜是自然环境和工业过程中普遍存在的相变现象。目前对结霜机理和过程的研究主要集中在宏观尺度上。这种宏观焦点限制了深入研究纳米尺度动态过程和潜在机制的能力,特别是在普通低温和低温条件下初始霜冻形成的系统演化特征。在这项研究中,利用分子动力学模拟建立了低温表面霜形成初始阶段的物理模型,使低温下早期霜形成的纳米尺度研究成为可能。模拟结果表明,铜表面的霜形态随衬底温度的变化而变化,与实验观察结果一致。利用MATLAB对水分子进行物相识别,发现随着冷表面温度的降低,霜晶结构由枝晶向簇晶转变。这种转变导致霜覆盖面积的非单调变化:先减小后增大,随后又减小。结霜完成时间不随冷表面温度的降低而单调变化。在-90℃~ -30℃温度范围内,完井时间随温度的降低而缩短;而在-130°C至-90°C之间,随着进一步冷却,形成时间增加。所有这些变化都受到霜冻形态变化的显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
Thermodynamic, environmental and economic analysis of liquefied natural gas cold energy polygeneration system under fluctuating regasification rates 波动再气化速率下液化天然气冷能联产系统的热力学、环境和经济分析
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.12.034
Shulin Zhang , Lei Chen , Zhen Shangguan , Juan He , Jie Ma , Xiaotian Peng , Hao Peng
Fluctuations in regasification rates at liquefied natural gas (LNG) receiving terminals, driven by spatiotemporal variability of downstream demand, hinder the effective recovery of LNG cold energy. To address this issue, an integrated cold and power cogeneration system incorporating cold energy storage (CES) units is proposed. The system combines an organic Rankine cycle (ORC), two CES units, and a cold energy recovery module. This study systematically analyzes the operating characteristics of the proposed system under both steady-state and unsteady conditions. Under steady-state conditions, the influence of key operating parameters on system efficiency is investigated, and a multi-objective optimization approach is introduced to coordinate these parameters. Under unsteady conditions, the impact of regasification rate fluctuations on system performance is examined, and, based on real case studies, the instantaneous performance, single-day operation, and multi-day behavior of the system are evaluated. In addition, environmental and economic analyses are conducted. The results demonstrate that the proposed CES units significantly enhance system performance, increasing the cold energy recovery rate from 10.30% to 86.04% and improving the exergy efficiency to 44.81%. The system achieves an average equivalent power output of 616 MW·h/d and CO2 emission reductions of 282 t/d. Although the initial investment cost increases slightly, the net present value rises by 184%, the annual profit increases by 187%, and the payback period is shortened to 1.1 years. These results demonstrate that the proposed configuration provides a practical and flexible solution for enhancing LNG cold energy utilization, with strong potential for large-scale deployment across diverse terminal types.
由于下游需求的时空变化,液化天然气(LNG)接收站再气化速率的波动阻碍了LNG冷能的有效回收。为了解决这一问题,提出了一种包含冷储能(CES)装置的冷电联产系统。该系统结合了一个有机朗肯循环(ORC)、两个CES单元和一个冷能回收模块。本文系统地分析了该系统在稳态和非稳态工况下的运行特性。在稳态条件下,研究了关键运行参数对系统效率的影响,并引入了多目标优化方法来协调这些参数。在非稳态条件下,研究了再气化速率波动对系统性能的影响,并基于实际案例研究,评估了系统的瞬时性能、单日运行和多天行为。此外,还进行了环境和经济分析。结果表明,该装置显著提高了系统性能,将冷能回收率从10.30%提高到86.04%,将火用效率提高到44.81%。该系统的平均等效输出功率为616 MW·h/d,二氧化碳排放量减少282 t/d。虽然初期投资成本略有增加,但净现值上升184%,年利润增长187%,投资回收期缩短为1.1年。这些结果表明,所提出的配置为提高LNG冷能利用率提供了一种实用而灵活的解决方案,具有跨不同终端类型大规模部署的强大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic performance analysis of an ejector refrigeration system with a direct-expansion solar generator 直接膨胀式太阳能发电机组喷射器制冷系统动态性能分析
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.12.025
Santiago Valencia-Cañola , Federico Méndez , Carlos A. Bustamante
Ejector Refrigeration Systems (ERS) can obtain their primary energy source from renewable sources such as solar radiation, which transfers heat to the ERS generator to achieve optimal operation. Direct-expansion solar collectors have been gain attention in systems such as solar heat pumps, avoiding the use of additional subsystems and energy sources and reducing costs and electricity consumption. In this study, the dynamic performance of an ERS with direct-expansion solar generator is assessed by means of a validated mathematical model that couples ERS subsystem operation. The proposed model predicts the global behavior of the cycle by describing mass, momentum and energy transport in each subsystem and by coupling their inlet and outlet conditions. An ERS basic design for average meteorological condition with direct-expansion solar generator is numerically analyzed for different transient operating conditions, in terms of solar radiation and ambient temperature, obtained from the typical meteorological year (TMY) of Mexico City. The results show that in favorable environmental conditions, the system can operate 2.3 h longer than the average day because the generator can maintain the refrigerant vapor phase for a longer period. However, refrigerant overheating increases, causing a reduction in the entrainment ratio (ER) and coefficient of performance (COP). This study shows that the ERS with a direct-expansion solar generator can operate for more than 90% of the TMY, reaching ER values of up to 0.6 and COP of up to 0.5, which are close to conventional ERS.
弹射式制冷系统(ERS)可以从可再生能源(如太阳辐射)中获得主要能源,将热量传递给ERS发电机以实现最佳运行。在太阳能热泵等系统中,直接膨胀式太阳能收集器已得到注意,避免使用额外的子系统和能源,并减少费用和电力消耗。本研究通过验证的耦合ERS子系统运行的数学模型,对带有直扩式太阳能发电机组的ERS进行了动态性能评估。提出的模型通过描述每个子系统的质量、动量和能量输运以及它们的入口和出口条件的耦合来预测循环的整体行为。根据墨西哥城典型气象年(TMY)的太阳辐射和环境温度,对平均气象条件下带直扩式太阳能发电机的ERS基本设计进行了数值分析。结果表明,在良好的环境条件下,由于发电机能延长制冷剂气相的维持时间,系统的运行时间比平均每天长2.3 h。但是,制冷剂过热会增加,导致夹带比(ER)和性能系数(COP)降低。本研究表明,带直扩式太阳能发电机组的ERS可运行TMY的90%以上,ER值可达0.6,COP值可达0.5,接近常规ERS。
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引用次数: 0
Study on irreversibility in an ejector with zeotropic mixtures using direct entropy analysis method 用直接熵分析法研究共沸混合物喷射器的不可逆性
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.12.032
Zhengshu Dai , Jiaxin Xiang , Shuai Qin , Hua Zhang
Ejector refrigeration attracts more attention due to the intense increase of space cooling requirements and energy crises. Significant irreversibility inside the ejector hinders its applications by lowering ejector efficiency and system performance. Thus, it is important to understand the distribution of irreversibility inside the ejector and the effects of operating conditions and ejector geometries on irreversibility. A two-dimensional numerical model is developed considering direct entropy analysis method and real gas refrigerant property. Zeotropic mixture R134a/R32 is selected. Effects of primary and secondary flow pressure, ejector back pressure, nozzle throat and mixing chamber diameter on three types of entropy generation within the ejector are investigated. Results show that the turbulent dissipation entropy generation dominates the total entropy generation in all cases. As the primary flow pressure varies from 2588.80 kPa to 3188.80 kPa, the entrainment ratio first increases from 0.127 to 0.461 and then decreases to 0.400. The direct dissipation entropy generation mainly occurs in the divergent part of the nozzle and the mixing chamber, while the heat transfer entropy generation mainly occurs in the mixing shear layer and where the shock train occurs. As the secondary flow pressure changes from 334.61 kPa to 494.61 kPa, the entrainment ratio increases from 0.155 to 0.589, and the turbulent dissipation entropy generation decreases from 3.557 W/K to 2.667 W/K and then remains almost constant. As the ejector back pressure changes from 726.57 kPa to 900.57 kPa, the minimum total entropy generation is achieved at critical point.
由于空间冷却需求的急剧增加和能源危机的加剧,喷射器制冷越来越受到人们的关注。喷射器内部显著的不可逆性降低了喷射器的效率和系统性能,阻碍了喷射器的应用。因此,了解喷射器内部的不可逆性分布以及操作条件和喷射器几何形状对不可逆性的影响是很重要的。考虑直接熵分析方法和实际气体制冷剂特性,建立了二维数值模型。选用共沸混合物R134a/R32。研究了一次流和二次流压力、喷射器背压、喷嘴喉道和混合室直径对喷射器内三种熵产的影响。结果表明,在所有情况下,湍流耗散熵产都占总熵产的主导地位。当一次流压力在2588.80 kPa ~ 3188.80 kPa范围内变化时,夹带比先从0.127增大到0.461,再减小到0.400。直接耗散熵的产生主要发生在喷管发散部分和混合室,而传热熵的产生主要发生在混合剪切层和激波列发生的地方。当二次流压力从334.61 kPa增大到494.61 kPa时,夹带比从0.155增大到0.589,湍流耗散熵产从3.557 W/K减小到2.667 W/K后基本保持不变。当引射背压在726.57 kPa ~ 900.57 kPa范围内变化时,在临界点处总熵产最小。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental investigation of a vapor compression refrigeration system integrated with thermoelectric generators for enhanced energy recovery 结合热电发电机的蒸汽压缩制冷系统提高能量回收的实验研究
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.12.033
Ali M. Ashour , Saif Ali Kadhim , Osama B. Ahmed , Walid Aich , Kaouther Ghachem , Farhan Lafta Rashid , Karrar A. Hammoodi
Energy efficiency and waste heat recovery have become crucial challenges in refrigeration technology, especially with the increasing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly cooling systems. In this paper, a hybrid thermoelectric generator system and vapor compression refrigeration, operated with R600a refrigerant, are analyzed with respect to utilizing waste heat sources as a means of generating electric power and enhancing the system’s efficacy. The experimental setup consists of a conventional vapor compression refrigeration cycle combined with thermoelectric generator modules between an aluminum cooling block. The experimental setup includes varying cooling water rates, ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 L/min, and condenser temperatures of 35 °C, 40 °C, and 45 °C to examine the influence of operating conditions on both thermal and electrical performance. The findings reveal that increasing water flow dramatically enhances cold-side heat transfer, resulting in a 40 °C temperature difference across the TEG, measured at a 45 °C condenser temperature, compared to 22.5 °C. Therefore, the electrical power output fluctuates from 0.05 W to 1.05 W, and the TEG efficiency reaches up to 2.2%, which is comparable to the best commercially available bismuth-telluride modules. The compressor pressure ratio and discharge temperature are reduced by 10% and 5 °C, respectively, which increases the system’s COP improvement to 7.9% and approximately 8% of total energy recovery. These findings confirm the thermodynamic benefit of TEG integration functioning as a desuperheating system for simultaneous cooling, power generation, and energy recovery.
能源效率和余热回收已成为制冷技术的关键挑战,特别是随着对可持续和环境友好型制冷系统的需求不断增加。本文分析了以R600a制冷剂运行的混合热电发电系统和蒸汽压缩制冷系统利用余热发电和提高系统效率的问题。实验装置包括一个传统的蒸汽压缩制冷循环,并结合铝冷却块之间的热电发生器模块。实验设置包括不同的冷却水速率,范围从0.5到3.0升/分钟,冷凝器温度为35°C, 40°C和45°C,以检查操作条件对热和电气性能的影响。研究结果表明,水流量的增加显著增强了冷侧传热,导致TEG的温差为40°C,在45°C的冷凝器温度下测量,而在22.5°C的冷凝器温度下测量。因此,电功率输出在0.05 W到1.05 W之间波动,TEG效率高达2.2%,与目前市面上最好的碲化铋组件相当。压缩机压比和排气温度分别降低10%和5℃,使系统的COP提高到7.9%,约占总能量回收率的8%。这些发现证实了TEG集成作为同时冷却、发电和能量回收的降温系统的热力学效益。
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引用次数: 0
Cooling performance optimization of tubular elastocaloric regenerators via thermo-fluid-mechanical coupled numerical modeling and simulations 基于热-流-力耦合数值模拟与仿真的管式弹性热蓄热器冷却性能优化
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.12.031
Wenzhang Chen, Qiuhong Wang, Yifan Li, Hao Yin
The elastocaloric refrigeration, utilizing the elastocaloric effect of NiTi shape memory alloys (SMA), presents a promising environmentally sustainable alternative to the traditional vapor compression refrigeration. Optimizing system performance is crucial for maximizing efficiency but hindered by experimental complexity. This study addresses the challenge by developing an experimentally validated, generalizable thermo-fluid-mechanical coupling numerical model and an accompanying optimization framework. Systematic simulations are performed to investigate the coupled influence of operating frequency, heat transfer fluid velocity, temperature span, and fluid channel thickness on specific cooling power (SCP). Results demonstrate a non-monotonic dependence of SCP on both frequency and fluid velocity across different temperature spans and fluid channel thicknesses, revealing an optimal combination that maximizes SCP by balancing heat transfer and heat-regeneration efficiency. Additionally, this work introduces the normalized specific cooling power (NSCP) and then presents non-dimensional design principles for refrigeration systems that simultaneously incorporate thickness and temperature span through the optimization approach. The approach offers a novel and efficient (200 times faster) paradigm for designing and optimizing high-performance elastocaloric refrigeration systems with diverse refrigerants and system configurations, and successfully achieving a predicted NSCP that is at least 3 times higher than the existing experimental measurements.
弹性热制冷利用了NiTi形状记忆合金(SMA)的弹性热效应,是传统蒸汽压缩制冷的一种有前景的环保可持续替代方案。优化系统性能是实现效率最大化的关键,但却受到实验复杂性的阻碍。本研究通过开发一个实验验证的、可推广的热-流体-机械耦合数值模型和相应的优化框架来解决这一挑战。通过系统仿真研究了工作频率、传热流体速度、温度跨度和流体通道厚度对比冷却功率(SCP)的耦合影响。结果表明,在不同的温度跨度和流体通道厚度上,SCP与频率和流体速度都有非单调的关系,揭示了通过平衡传热和热再生效率来最大化SCP的最佳组合。此外,本工作引入了归一化比冷却功率(NSCP),然后通过优化方法提出了同时考虑厚度和温度跨度的制冷系统的无因次设计原则。该方法为设计和优化具有不同制冷剂和系统配置的高性能弹性热制冷系统提供了一种新颖高效(速度快200倍)的范例,并成功实现了至少比现有实验测量高3倍的预测NSCP。
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引用次数: 0
Heat-driven thermoacoustic cooling technologies: A comprehensive review and future prospects for hot climate applications 热驱动热声冷却技术:热气候应用综述及未来展望
IF 3.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.12.030
Irna Farikhah, Ammar M. Bahman
The escalating demand for cooling in hot climate regions, driven by rising global temperatures and rapid urbanization, underscores the urgent need for sustainable and efficient refrigeration technologies. Conventional vapor-compression systems, reliant on electricity and high-global-warming-potential refrigerants, are ill-suited for off-grid and high-ambient-temperature environments. Heat-driven thermoacoustic cooler (HDTCs) present a promising alternative, leveraging thermal energy from solar, waste, or combustion heat to generate acoustic waves that produce a refrigeration effect without moving parts or harmful refrigerants. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in HDTC technology, with a specific emphasis on their potential for hot-climate applications. It synthesizes progress in system design—from standing-wave to advanced multi-stage traveling-wave configurations—scaling, and the optimization of stack materials and geometries. The paper further explores technological applications across cryogenics, LNG, industry, buildings, and transportation, with a dedicated focus on hot-climate technologies such as off-grid cooling, desalination, and solar integration. Despite significant achievements, including coefficients of performance (COP) exceeding 3.0 in simulations and experimental exergy efficiencies up to 21%, a persistent gap remains between theoretical predictions and practical performance. Key challenges such as acoustic losses, phase mismatch, and material limitations are discussed, alongside future research directions aimed at enhancing efficiency, scalability, and reliability. The review concludes that HDTCs are poised for practical deployment and can become a cornerstone for sustainable, grid-resilient cooling in hot-climate regions, pending further research to bridge the performance gap and optimize real-world operation.
在全球气温上升和快速城市化的推动下,炎热气候地区对制冷的需求不断增加,这凸显了对可持续和高效制冷技术的迫切需求。传统的蒸汽压缩系统依赖于电力和高全球变暖潜势的制冷剂,不适合离网和高温环境。热驱动热声冷却器(hdtc)是一种很有前途的替代方案,它利用太阳能、废物或燃烧热产生的热能来产生声波,从而产生制冷效果,而不需要移动部件或有害制冷剂。本文综述了HDTC技术的最新进展,特别强调了它们在热气候应用中的潜力。它综合了系统设计的进展-从驻波到先进的多级行波配置-缩放,以及堆栈材料和几何形状的优化。本文进一步探讨了低温、液化天然气、工业、建筑和交通运输等领域的技术应用,重点关注热气候技术,如离网冷却、海水淡化和太阳能集成。尽管取得了重大成就,包括模拟的性能系数(COP)超过3.0,实验的火用效率高达21%,但理论预测与实际性能之间仍然存在持续的差距。讨论了诸如声损失、相位失配和材料限制等关键挑战,以及旨在提高效率、可扩展性和可靠性的未来研究方向。该综述的结论是,hdtc已经做好了实际部署的准备,可以成为炎热气候地区可持续、电网弹性制冷的基石,有待进一步研究以弥合性能差距并优化实际运行。
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International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid
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