International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid最新文献_第3页

CFD analysis and experimental validation of a stepped early discharge port for over-compression control in a CO₂ scroll compressor co2涡旋压缩机阶梯提前排气口过压控制的CFD分析与实验验证

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.01.032

Youxin Zhou, Bin Peng, Zhixiang Liao, Mingtong Wei

Over-compression in transcritical CO₂ scroll compressors leads to considerable energy losses, lower efficiency, and higher thermal loads, thereby compromising both performance and reliability. To address this issue, a novel stepped early discharge port (EDP) is proposed, along with a coupled thermodynamic and geometric design method for determining its location. Using an integrated CFD-experimental approach, the performance of the stepped EDP is evaluated and compared with that of a conventional cylindrical EDP under typical over-compression conditions. Furthermore, its influence on the compressor’s flow field and performance is analyzed across conditions ranging from near-design to severe over-compression pressure ratios. Results indicate that the stepped design yields more stable internal flow and better over-compression mitigation than the cylindrical EDP. Analysis of pressure and mass flow rate at the early discharge port reveals that, compared to the circular EDP, the average early discharge pressure decreases by about 4.2%, while the mass flow rate increases by 41.2%. Moreover, the stepped EDP reduces the peak chamber pressure by 0.22 MPa, significantly exceeding the 0.04 MPa reduction achieved by the cylindrical EDP. The variable-condition study confirms that the over-compression mitigation effect of the stepped EDP is maintained across all investigated conditions, consistently lowering working chamber pressure and promoting a more uniform temperature distribution. Under severe over-compression, volumetric efficiency improves by up to 5.99%, and isentropic efficiency shows a maximum increase of 27.02%. Owing to the optimized flow field structure, leakage mass flow rate decreases by approximately 0.8% under severe over-compression.

跨临界co2涡旋压缩机的过度压缩会导致相当大的能量损失、效率降低和热负荷增加，从而影响性能和可靠性。为了解决这一问题，提出了一种新型的阶梯提前放电口（EDP），并结合热力学和几何设计方法来确定其位置。采用综合cfd -实验方法，在典型的过压缩条件下，对阶梯式电火花发生器的性能进行了评估，并与传统圆柱形电火花发生器的性能进行了比较。此外，从接近设计压力比到严重过压压力比，分析了其对压气机流场和性能的影响。结果表明，与圆柱形电火花发生器相比，阶梯式设计产生了更稳定的内部流动和更好的过压缩缓解。对早泄口压力和质量流量的分析表明，与循环EDP相比，平均早泄压力降低了约4.2%，而质量流量增加了41.2%。此外，阶梯式电除尘器降低了0.22 MPa的峰值腔室压力，显著超过了圆柱形电除尘器的0.04 MPa。可变条件研究证实，梯级EDP的过压缩缓解效果在所有研究条件下都保持不变，持续降低工作腔压力，促进更均匀的温度分布。在严重过压缩条件下，体积效率提高了5.99%，等熵效率最大提高了27.02%。经过优化的流场结构，在严重过压缩情况下，泄漏质量流量降低了约0.8%。

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引用次数: 0

Performance study of a new dual condenser heat pump driven humidification and dehumidification desalination system 新型双冷凝器热泵加湿除湿海水淡化系统性能研究

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.01.021

Wenjie Yang , Yuefen Gao

Conventional two-stage humidification and dehumidification desalination systems usually use a sub-cooler as the initial heating source, limiting the heating capacity. Thus, this paper uses ejectors to propose a dual condenser heat pump driven humidification-dehumidification desalination (DCHP-HDH) system. The system uses dual condensers as a drive heat source to indirectly increase the heating and humidifying capacity of the humidifier. Makes the humid air coming out of the humidifier have a higher humidity ratio, and dual dehumidifiers are used to fully process this high-humidity ratio humid air. The performance of the system in this paper was evaluated using thermodynamic and economic analyses. The simulation results show that the DCHP-HDH system is capable of obtaining a maximum Gained Output Ratio (GOR) of 9.234, a maximum freshwater production of 49.88 kg/h, and a maximum Recovery Ratio (RR) of 5.542%, at which time the system's freshwater production cost is 0.0127$/L. In addition, higher evaporation temperatures and lower input seawater temperatures result in systems with better energy efficiency and freshwater production performance.

传统的两级加湿和除湿海水淡化系统通常使用一个分冷器作为初始热源，限制了加热能力。因此，本文采用喷射器提出了一种双冷凝器热泵驱动的加湿-除湿海水淡化系统。系统采用双冷凝器作为驱动热源，间接增加加湿器的加热加湿能力。使从加湿器出来的湿空气具有更高的湿度比，采用双除湿机对这种高湿度比的湿空气进行充分处理。本文对系统的性能进行了热力学分析和经济分析。仿真结果表明，DCHP-HDH系统的最大产出比（GOR）为9.234，最大淡水产量为49.88 kg/h，最大采收率为5.542%，此时系统的淡水生产成本为0.0127美元/L。此外，较高的蒸发温度和较低的输入海水温度使系统具有更好的能源效率和淡水生产性能。

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引用次数: 0

A general nonlinear prediction model for binary interaction parameter of vdW mixing rules in PR EOS for phase Equilibria of HFO mixtures HFO混合物相平衡时vdW混合规则二元相互作用参数的一般非线性预测模型

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.01.027

Hao Liu, Yujia Zhang, Yingying Tan, Xiuzhen Li, Lin Wang

Mixtures containing HFOs have emerged as promising alternatives to HFCs due to their environmentally friendly properties, and the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of HFO-containing mixtures is a critical thermodynamic property for practical engineering applications. Although the experimental VLE behaviors of HFO mixtures have been investigated, there are studies unavailable on the binary interaction parameters of HFO-containing mixtures in the literature. Therefore, in this work, the model for binary interaction parameter of van der Waals (vdW) mixing rule oriented to Peng–Robinson equation of state is developed to predict the VLE of binary mixtures. The binary interaction parameters in the vdW mixing rules are regressed using experimental VLE data for 64 sets of binary mixtures, and then, on the basis of the regressed binary interaction parameters, a general nonlinear correlation is proposed by incorporating the thermophysical properties, such as critical temperature, critical pressure and acentric factor. The proposed model is subsequently applied to predict the VLE behavior of all 66 sets of binary mixtures, including two independent test cases, and the predicted results are validated against experimental data. The results indicate that the proposed model exhibits high accuracy in predicting bubble-point pressure, vapor phase mole fraction and relative volatility, and pressure has the average absolute relative deviation of 1.07%, while vapor-liquid mole fraction possesses the average absolute deviation of 0.0059, with the 4.63% average absolute relative deviation of relative volatility, so it is thus clear that the proposed model shows good applicability and accuracy in VLE predictions for HFO-containing mixtures.

含氢氟烃的混合物因其环保特性而成为氢氟烃的有希望的替代品，而含氢氟烃混合物的汽液平衡（VLE）是实际工程应用的关键热力学性质。虽然已经研究了HFO混合物的实验VLE行为，但文献中没有关于含HFO混合物二元相互作用参数的研究。因此，本文建立了面向Peng-Robinson状态方程的范德华混合规则二元相互作用参数模型，用于预测二元混合物的VLE。利用64组二元混合物的实验VLE数据，对vdW混合规则中的二元相互作用参数进行回归，并在回归的二元相互作用参数基础上，结合临界温度、临界压力和离心因子等热物理性质，提出了一种广义的非线性关联关系。随后，将该模型应用于预测所有66组二元混合物的VLE行为，包括两个独立的测试用例，并根据实验数据验证了预测结果。结果表明，该模型对气泡点压力、气相摩尔分数和相对挥发性具有较高的预测精度，其中压力的平均绝对相对偏差为1.07%，气液摩尔分数的平均绝对偏差为0.0059，相对挥发性的平均绝对相对偏差为4.63%；因此，很明显，所提出的模型在含hfo混合物的VLE预测中具有良好的适用性和准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Force fields for R1336mzz(Z), R1336mzz(E), R1233zd(E) and solvation in pentaerythritol tetrapentanoate (PEC5) lubricant R1336mzz(Z)、R1336mzz(E)、R1233zd(E)在四戊酸季戊四醇（PEC5）润滑油中的溶剂化力场

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.01.026

Ali Aminian

Low global warming potential refrigerants are playing major role regarding challenges that face the safety of environment. In this work, force field parameters were developed for cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (R1336mzz(Z)), trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (R1336mzz(E)), and trans-1‑chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (R1233zd(E)) based on high-level DFT calculations. The model parameters were tested to predict thermal conductivity, liquid density, dipole moment, and dielectric constant of the refrigerants, which were further compared against reference data. Molecular interaction studies showed that no strong interaction is exist between R1233zd(E) and pentaerythritol tetrapentanoate (PEC5). Also, the DFT calculations of the optimized structures were used for COSMO sigma-profile generations and solubility or vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) predictions.

低全球变暖潜能值制冷剂在应对环境安全挑战方面发挥着重要作用。在这项工作中，基于高阶DFT计算，建立了顺式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯（R1336mzz(Z)），反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯（R1336mzz(E)）和反式-1氯-3,3,3-三氟-1-丙烯（R1233zd(E)）的力场参数。对模型参数进行了测试，以预测制冷剂的导热系数、液体密度、偶极矩和介电常数，并与参考数据进行了比较。分子相互作用研究表明，R1233zd(E)与季戊四醇四戊酸酯（PEC5）不存在强相互作用。此外，优化结构的DFT计算用于COSMO sigma-剖面生成和溶解度或汽液平衡（VLE）预测。

引用次数: 0

Study on energy-saving and defrosting characteristics of gas heat pump systems under various waste heat utilization conditions 不同余热利用条件下燃气热泵系统节能除霜特性研究

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.01.029

Lu Han , Zhenjun Xu , Hao Wang , Qingqing Li

Air-source gas engine-driven heat pumps (GHPs) in cold regions typically suffer from performance limitations due to insufficient waste heat utilization and inefficient defrosting processes. This study evaluates three waste heat utilization modes to enhance GHP energy-saving characteristics: (A) auxiliary heating, (B) indirect hot-water defrosting, and (C) direct hot-water defrosting . A combined methodology of thermodynamic modeling and experimental testing was employed to analyze system performance. Results indicate that System A achieves the highest Primary Energy Ratio (PER) of 1.6 at moderate temperatures (10 °C), demonstrating the benefits of auxiliary heating in mild climates. However, under severe frost conditions, System C proved superior. By directly supplying waste heat to the evaporator, System C reduced compressor power by up to 25%, shortened defrosting time by 20%, and decreased seasonal fuel consumption by 19%–28% compared to conventional operation. Conversely, System B exhibited the lowest Coefficient of Performance (COP). The study concludes that the direct integration of recovered waste heat into the evaporator (System C) offers the best balance of energy efficiency and defrosting effectiveness for cold-climate applications.

在寒冷地区，空气源燃气发动机驱动的热泵（GHPs）通常由于余热利用不足和除霜过程效率低下而受到性能限制。本研究评估了三种余热利用模式，以提高GHP节能特性：(A)辅助加热，(B)间接热水除霜，(C)直接热水除霜。采用热力学建模与实验测试相结合的方法对系统性能进行分析。结果表明，在中等温度（10°C）下，系统A的一次能量比（PER）最高，为1.6，显示了辅助采暖在温和气候下的好处。然而，在严重的霜冻条件下，系统C被证明是优越的。通过将余热直接输送到蒸发器，系统C的压缩机功率降低了25%，除霜时间缩短了20%，与常规运行相比，季节性燃料消耗降低了19%-28%。相反，系统B表现出最低的性能系数（COP）。该研究得出结论，将回收的废热直接整合到蒸发器（系统C）中，为寒冷气候应用提供了能源效率和除霜效果的最佳平衡。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of structural deformation on the rotordynamic characteristics of shaft labyrinth seals in cryogenic liquid turbine expanders under thermal-fluid-solid coupling 热-流-固耦合下结构变形对低温液体涡轮膨胀机轴篦密封转子动力特性的影响

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.01.023

Wanyou Sun, Jinju Sun, Peng Song, Shengyuan Wang

The study is focused on the rotordynamic characteristics of shaft labyrinth seals in cryogenic liquid turbine expanders. The critical operational conditions (-170 °C, 6–8 MPa) for cryogenic liquid turbine expanders have made its shaft labyrinth seal rotordynamic characteristics a thermal-fluid-solid coupled problem. The previous study performed by the team of authors indicates that seal structural deformation in cryogenic environments may not be negligible, whereas it calls for an in-depth study to identify their influence on the shaft labyrinth seal rotordynamic characteristics. This study develops a computational framework that combines the thermal-fluid-solid coupling approach and the whirling rotor method to predict the rotordynamic characteristics of labyrinth seals in cryogenic environments. This framework incorporates the influence of the seal structural deformation on the rotordynamic characteristics. It also circumvents the need for time-consuming transient analysis associated with rotor whirl. Consequently, it can enhance the reliability and efficiency of predicting the rotordynamic characteristics of labyrinth seals. In the present study, this framework is applied to investigate how multi-physics coupling-driven seal structural deformation affects rotordynamic characteristics of labyrinth seals for cryogenic liquid turbine expanders. Results demonstrate that multi-physics coupling-driven seal structural deformation alters the seal clearance profile, leading to significant changes in leakage flow behaviors, seal forces, rotordynamic coefficients, and seal stability. This primarily proves that the cryogenic structural deformation is an influential factor for the rotordynamic characteristics of labyrinth seals. Therefore, accounting for structural deformation is essential in the design and analysis of labyrinth seals for cryogenic liquid turbine expanders.

对低温液体涡轮膨胀机轴篦密封的转子动力学特性进行了研究。低温液体涡轮膨胀机的临界工况（-170℃，6-8 MPa）使其轴迷宫密封转子动力学特性成为一个热-流-固耦合问题。作者团队之前的研究表明，低温环境下密封结构变形可能不可忽略，但需要深入研究其对轴迷宫密封转子动力学特性的影响。本文提出了一种结合热-流-固耦合方法和旋转转子方法的计算框架，用于预测低温环境下迷宫密封的旋转动力学特性。该框架考虑了密封结构变形对转子动力特性的影响。它还避免了与转子旋转相关的耗时的瞬态分析的需要。从而提高了迷宫密封转子动力特性预测的可靠性和效率。在本研究中，应用该框架研究了多物理场耦合驱动的密封结构变形对低温液体涡轮膨胀机迷宫式密封转子动力学特性的影响。结果表明，多物理场耦合驱动的密封结构变形改变了密封间隙分布，导致泄漏流动特性、密封力、转子动力系数和密封稳定性发生显著变化。这初步证明了低温结构变形是影响迷宫式密封转子动力特性的一个因素。因此，在低温液体涡轮膨胀机迷宫密封的设计和分析中，考虑结构变形是必不可少的。

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引用次数: 0

Vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements and thermodynamic performance assessment on eco-friendly working pairs of R1270+DMETrEG and R1270+NMP for Absorption Refrigeration System 吸收式制冷系统R1270+DMETrEG和R1270+NMP环保工作对汽液平衡测量及热力学性能评价

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.01.028

Deheng Kong , Sai Zhou , Mingjing Fan , Qian Ning , Qinglu Song , Dechang Wang , Guogeng He

As an environmentally sustainable refrigeration technology, the absorption refrigeration cycle (ARC) has garnered increasing attention, and research on the vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) of novel working pairs is of great significance for the promotion and development of ARC. This article innovatively measured the VLE of hydrocarbon (HC) refrigerant R1270 in organic solvents DMETrEG and NMP in the temperature range of 303.15 K to 353.15 K, and used the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) model to fit the experimental data and evaluate their performance in the ARC. For the R1270+DMETrEG, the average absolute relative deviation (AARD) and maximum absolute relative deviation (MARD) are 0.8318 % and 2.8169 %, respectively. For the R1270+NMP, the corresponding values are 1.4472 % and 3.1676 %. In the thermodynamic analysis of the ARC, the maximum coefficient of performance (COP) of the R1270+DMETrEG working pair is 0.327, which is higher than 0.313 of the R1270+NMP. Compared to COP values predicted using a UNIFAC-DMD model, the COP calculated from experimental VLE data is approximately 0.02–0.08 lower, although the overall trend remains consistent. In all cases, the COP of R1270+DMETrEG is higher than that of R1270+NMP, in both experimental and predicted results. Based on the experimental data, the COP of the R1270 working pairs is 0.01–0.1 lower than that of R1234yf and R1234ze(E). At constant generation temperature, both working pairs exhibit similar COP trends as a function of evaporation and condensation temperatures. Analysis of excess properties shows that the excess Gibbs energy (G^E) is negatively correlated with refrigerant solubility and COP.

作为一种环境可持续制冷技术，吸收式制冷循环（ARC）越来越受到人们的关注，研究新型工作对的汽液平衡（VLE）对推广和发展吸收式制冷循环具有重要意义。本文创新性地测量了烃类制冷剂R1270在303.15 K ~ 353.15 K的有机溶剂DMETrEG和NMP中的VLE，并采用非随机双液（NRTL）模型对实验数据进行拟合，评价其在ARC中的性能。R1270+DMETrEG的平均绝对相对偏差（AARD）和最大绝对相对偏差（MARD）分别为0.8318 %和2.8169%。对于R1270+NMP，对应的值为1.4472%和3.1676%。在ARC的热力学分析中，R1270+DMETrEG工作副的最大性能系数（COP）为0.327，高于R1270+NMP的0.313。与使用UNIFAC-DMD模型预测的COP值相比，从实验VLE数据计算的COP值大约低0.02-0.08，尽管总体趋势保持一致。在所有情况下，R1270+DMETrEG的COP均高于R1270+NMP，无论是实验结果还是预测结果。实验数据表明，R1270工作对的COP比R1234yf和R1234ze(E)低0.01 ~ 0.1。在恒定的发电温度下，这两个工作对表现出相似的COP趋势，作为蒸发和冷凝温度的函数。过量特性分析表明，过量吉布斯能（GE）与制冷剂溶解度和COP呈负相关。

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引用次数: 0

A new type of absorber based on ultrasonic atomization enhanced in-tube falling film absorption process 一种基于超声雾化增强管内降膜吸收的新型吸收器

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.01.004

Chuang Pan , Shenghao Huang , Yunfeng Qiu , Shuhong Li , Teng Jia , Yanjun Li , Jun Wu , Gui Li

The absorber is a core component of the ammonia-water absorption refrigeration system (AARS). The ultrasonic atomizer can atomize the falling film solution into droplets, which is used to increase the effective mass transfer area between ammonia vapor and the solution. This paper proposes a new type of absorber with an ultrasonic atomizer installed inside the falling film tube and conducts simulation research. The results show that the ammonia absorption amounts of the in-tube parallel atomization absorber (Mode B) and the series atomization absorber (Mode C) are increased by 33.7% and 33.8% respectively. The ultrasonic atomizer significantly improves the absorption effect of the in-tube falling film absorber, which provides a new design idea and theoretical support for improving the performance of the absorber.

吸收体是氨-水吸收式制冷系统的核心部件。超声波雾化器可以将下落的膜溶液雾化成液滴，用于增加氨蒸汽与溶液之间的有效传质面积。本文提出了在降膜管内安装超声雾化器的新型吸波器，并进行了仿真研究。结果表明：管内平行雾化吸收塔（B模式）和串联雾化吸收塔（C模式）的氨吸收量分别提高了33.7%和33.8%；超声雾化器显著改善了管内降膜吸收器的吸收效果，为提高降膜吸收器的性能提供了新的设计思路和理论支持。

引用次数: 0

Experimental measurements and molecular simulations for pvTz properties of carbon dioxide (CO2) + 1,1-difluoroethylene (R1132a) binary system in the two-phase and superheated vapor regions 二氧化碳(CO2) + 1,1-二氟乙烯（R1132a）二元体系在两相和过热蒸汽区pvTz特性的实验测量和分子模拟

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.01.002

Sebastiano Tomassetti , Lorenzo Merlonghi , Tomoaki Imai , Giovanni Di Nicola , Chieko Kondou

This study provides 23 two-phase and 133 vapor-phase pressure-specific volume-temperature-composition (pvTz) measurements for the mixture containing carbon dioxide (CO₂) and 1,1-difluoroethylene (R1132a), considered a potentially low global warming potential (GWP) alternative for ultralow temperature refrigeration systems. Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) and vapor-phase pvTz properties predicted through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are also presented. An isochoric apparatus was used to measure the properties for ten CO₂ mole fractions along ten isochores with specific volumes equal to (0.016846, 0.018521, 0.028775, 0.029922, 0.029931, 0.032358, 0.037241, 0.039089, 0.052176, 0.083492) m³ kg⁻¹ in the temperature and pressure ranges from (228.15 to 303.15) K and from (404.5 to 2519.9) kPa, respectively. The two-phase measurements were used to assess the VLE of the binary system by the flash method with the Peng-Robinson (PR) and PC-SAFT equations of state (EoSs), yielding average absolute relative deviations (AARDs) between experimental and calculated pressures of 0.20% and 0.19%, respectively. The values calculated with the PR and PC-SAFT EoSs showed qualitative agreement with the VLE properties from MD simulations, yielding AARD(p) of 3.44 % and 3.32 %, respectively. The measurements carried out in the superheated vapor region were compared with calculations from the PR and PC-SAFT EoSs, obtaining low deviations (AARD(p) of 0.38 % for the PR EoS and 0.33 % for the PC-SAFT EoS). Finally, a qualitatively good agreement between the MD simulations and the EoS calculations was also observed in the superheated vapor region (AARD(p) of 1.02 % for the PR EoS and 1.00 % for the PC-SAFT EoS).

本研究为含有二氧化碳（CO2）和1,1-二氟乙烯（R1132a）的混合物提供了23个两相和133个气相压力比体积温度组成（pvTz）测量值，该混合物被认为是超低温制冷系统的潜在低全球变暖潜能值（GWP）替代品。通过分子动力学（MD）模拟预测了气液平衡（VLE）和气相pvTz性质。在温度和压力分别为（228.15 ~ 303.15）K和（404.5 ~ 2519.9）kPa的范围内，用等时线仪测量了10个CO2摩尔分数的性质，这些等时线的比容分别为（0.016846、0.018521、0.028775、0.029922、0.029931、0.032358、0.037241、0.039089、0.052176、0.083492）m3 kg−1。利用两相测量结果，利用Peng-Robinson （PR）和PC-SAFT状态方程（eos），利用闪蒸法评估了二元体系的VLE，实验压力和计算压力之间的平均绝对相对偏差（AARDs）分别为0.20%和0.19%。PR和PC-SAFT eos计算的值与MD模拟的VLE特性在质量上一致，AARD(p)分别为3.44%和3.32%。在过热蒸汽区进行的测量与PR和PC-SAFT EoS的计算进行了比较，得到了低偏差(PR EoS的AARD（p)为0.38%，PC-SAFT EoS的AARD(p)为0.33%）。最后，在过热蒸汽区，MD模拟和EoS计算之间的定性一致性也很好(PR EoS的AARD（p)为1.02%，PC-SAFT EoS的AARD(p)为1.00%）。

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引用次数: 0

Revealing dynamic characteristics of the two-stage thermoelectric cooler under double-pulse excitation 揭示双脉冲激励下两级热电冷却器的动态特性

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.01.016

Ding Luo , Hengliang Zhang , Yi Qiu , Hao Chen , Yaohua Li , Junshuo Chen , Yangyong Liu , Xiaoye Sun , Guili Wang

Conventional two-stage thermoelectric coolers (TECs) generally employ identical continuous pulse current waveforms. In this study, we for the first time systematically investigate double-pulse current excitation with different waveform shapes under thermal shock. By analyzing the double-pulse waveform combinations, the amplitude and width of the second pulse, as well as the intervals between thermal shock and the first pulse (Δt₁) and between double-pulses (Δt₂), we reveal their governing effects on the transient subcooling performance of TECs, including the minimum cold end temperature (T_c,min), the maximum overshoot temperature (T_c,max), the cold-holding time (t_hold), and the recovery time (t_rec). The results show that the cold end waveform influences the transient response more strongly than the hot end, and triangular excitation effectively suppresses overshoot and accelerates recovery. Specifically, compared with the Square + Square case, the Triangle + Triangle case reduces T_c,max from 347.23 K to 325.31 K and shortens t_rec from 82.96 s to 75.47 s, while t_hold increases from 0.66 s to 0.84 s. Increasing the second pulse amplitude enhances cooling but intensifies Joule heating, and an excessively long second pulse width significantly degrades recovery. In addition, larger Δt₂ promotes heat dissipation between pulses. For example, increasing Δt₂ from 1 s to 3 s reduces T_c,max from 336.15 K to 316.05 K and shortens t_rec from 69.10 s to 63.50 s. These findings provide theoretical guidance for waveform design and parameter selection of two-stage TECs under thermal shock.

传统的两级热电冷却器（tec）通常采用相同的连续脉冲电流波形。在本研究中，我们首次系统地研究了热冲击下不同波形形状的双脉冲电流激励。通过分析双脉冲波形组合、第二脉冲的振幅和宽度、热冲击与第一脉冲之间的间隔（Δt1）和双脉冲之间的间隔（Δt2），揭示了它们对tec瞬态过冷性能的控制作用，包括最低冷端温度（Tc,min）、最高过冲温度（Tc,max）、冷保持时间（hold）和恢复时间（trec）。结果表明，冷端波形对瞬态响应的影响大于热端波形，三角形激励能有效抑制超调，加速恢复。具体来说，与Square + Square情况相比，Triangle + Triangle情况将Tc max从347.23 K降低到325.31 K，将trec从82.96 s缩短到75.47 s，而hold从0.66 s提高到0.84 s。增加第二脉冲振幅增强了冷却，但加剧了焦耳加热，而过长的第二脉冲宽度显著降低了恢复。此外，较大的Δt2促进了脉冲之间的散热。例如，将Δt2从1秒增加到3秒可以降低Tc，max从336.15 K降低到316.05 K，将trec从69.10 s缩短到63.50 s。研究结果为热冲击下两级tec的波形设计和参数选择提供了理论指导。

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