International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid最新文献_第6页

Ignition hazard due to air infiltration in refrigeration systems working with flammable refrigerants 在使用可燃制冷剂的制冷系统中，由于空气渗透引起的点火危险

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.12.028

Lukas Prakopavičius, Liutauras Vaitkus

With the implementation of the revised EU F-gas Regulation and the proposed PFAS restrictions currently under consideration, the wider use of flammable refrigerants is expected in the near future. During refrigeration system operation, pressures below atmospheric may occur in the evaporator, particularly in low-temperature applications and during transient operating modes such as pump-down. This operating condition is commonly regarded as undesirable due to the potential ignition hazard caused by air infiltration. Previous studies have shown that, under specific conditions, autoignition of oil–refrigerant–air mixtures may occur, leading to so-called diesel-type combustion. This article presents a case study of a eutectic refrigeration system used in transport refrigeration to assess whether ignition conditions can arise during operation and to identify effective risk mitigation measures. The formation of flammable mixtures on both the low- and high-pressure sides of the system is examined. Theoretical analysis indicates that conventional low- and high-pressure safety switches prevent the formation of a combustible mixture during compression provided that the air infiltration hole diameter is below 1.4 mm. However, preventing the formation of flammable mixtures on the high-pressure side requires an additional safety system capable of detecting non-condensable gas infiltration. A method for selecting the parameters of such a system is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that liquid subcooling in the condenser provides a rapid and reliable indication of non-condensable gas infiltration and can be used for this purpose. This work aims to support the safe application of flammable refrigerants in low-temperature refrigeration systems.

随着经修订的欧盟含氟气体规例的实施，以及目前正在考虑的PFAS限制建议，预计在不久的将来，可燃制冷剂将得到更广泛的使用。在制冷系统运行期间，蒸发器中可能出现低于大气的压力，特别是在低温应用和瞬态运行模式（如泵降）期间。这种操作条件通常被认为是不可取的，因为空气渗透会引起潜在的点火危险。以前的研究表明，在特定条件下，油-制冷剂-空气混合物可能发生自燃，导致所谓的柴油型燃烧。本文介绍了一个用于运输制冷的共晶制冷系统的案例研究，以评估在运行过程中是否会出现点火情况，并确定有效的风险缓解措施。研究了系统低压侧和高压侧可燃混合物的形成情况。理论分析表明，在空气渗透孔直径小于1.4 mm的条件下，传统的低压和高压安全开关在压缩过程中可以防止可燃混合物的形成。然而，防止高压侧可燃混合物的形成需要一个额外的安全系统，能够检测不凝气体的渗透。提出了一种选择该系统参数的方法。实验结果表明，凝汽器中的液体过冷可以快速可靠地指示不凝性气体的渗透，可以用于此目的。这项工作旨在支持易燃制冷剂在低温制冷系统中的安全应用。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation of system orientation effects in the two-stage gas-coupled Stirling/pulse tube hybrid cryocooler 两级气体耦合斯特林/脉冲管混合制冷机系统取向效应的实验研究

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.12.027

Weiye Yang , Xiaoyu Cui , Wang Yin , Zhenyao Chen , Zhenhua Jiang , Yinong Wu , Shaoshuai Liu

Current deep space exploration requires an increasingly urgent demand for cryogenic environments. Hybrid cryocoolers, as a new refrigeration structure, have specific application potential, and the link between gravity and cooling performance is unclear. This research investigates the gravitational characteristics of two-stage gas-coupled Stirling/pulse tube hybrid cryocoolers with high pressure ratios and narrow temperature span. 2D CFD simulations were conducted on the working fluid flow in the second-stage pulse tube. The simulation results demonstrate that higher pressure ratios and narrower temperature spans decrease gravitational effects on pulse tube performance. A ground-based rotating platform was constructed to test cryocooler performance at various angles. Experimental results reveal that, due to its unique construction, the hybrid cryocooler exhibits minimal performance variation when rotated, with no-load temperature swings within 2 K.

当前深空探测对低温环境的需求日益迫切。混合式制冷机作为一种新型制冷结构，具有特定的应用潜力，其重力与制冷性能之间的关系尚不清楚。研究了高压比窄温度跨度两级气体耦合斯特林/脉冲管混合制冷机的重力特性。对二级脉冲管内工作流体流动进行了二维CFD模拟。仿真结果表明，较高的压力比和较窄的温度跨度减小了重力对脉冲管性能的影响。搭建了一个地面旋转平台，在不同角度下测试制冷机的性能。实验结果表明，由于其独特的结构，混合制冷机在旋转时表现出最小的性能变化，空载温度波动在2 K以内。

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引用次数: 0

Implementing third-order discriminant for feasibility analysis in thermoelectric cooling designs 采用三阶判别法对热电冷却设计进行可行性分析

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.12.024

S. Lineykin, D. Khinchuk

Designing efficient thermoelectric cooling systems (TCS) to meet specific thermal management requirements is a complex engineering challenge that often requires specialized knowledge and extensive computational resources. This study presents an innovative method for evaluating the feasibility of a TCS in maintaining the required surface temperature while dissipating a specified amount of heat under defined environmental conditions. The proposed method utilizes non-dimensionalization and is fully analytical. The third-order discriminant of the expression for the cold-side temperature is proposed in this study for the first time as a criterion for feasibility. The proposed criterion enables not only the assessment of whether a given TCS is capable of meeting its specified goals, but also the inverse problem: performing an analytical calculation of the TCS parameters required to achieve the desired cooling performance across various operating scenarios. The method returns the values of the calculated parameters in the standard format used by TEC manufacturers. Using this criterion streamlines the design of thermoelectric cooling systems for various applications, such as minimizing the temperature of the cooled surface, reducing the system’s cost and volume under constant thermal load, and selecting components for a system with closed-loop dynamic temperature control, among others. The study also presents, for visualization, an original graphical representation of the dimensionless analysis, as well as a graphical interpretation of the feasibility region, allowing one to assess the proximity of the requirements for the maintained temperature and dissipated heat to the feasibility boundary and to evaluate the system’s robustness. Experimental validation demonstrates that the proposed method is practically applicable.

设计高效的热电冷却系统（TCS）以满足特定的热管理要求是一项复杂的工程挑战，通常需要专业知识和大量的计算资源。本研究提出了一种创新的方法，用于评估TCS在保持所需表面温度的同时，在规定的环境条件下散发规定量的热量的可行性。该方法采用无量纲化，具有充分的解析性。本文首次提出了冷侧温度表达式的三阶判据作为可行性判据。提出的标准不仅可以评估给定的TCS是否能够满足其指定目标，而且还可以解决相反的问题：在各种操作场景中执行所需的TCS参数的分析计算，以实现所需的冷却性能。该方法以TEC制造商使用的标准格式返回计算参数的值。使用该准则简化了热电冷却系统的各种应用的设计，例如最小化冷却表面的温度，减少恒定热负荷下系统的成本和体积，以及为具有闭环动态温度控制的系统选择组件等。为了可视化，该研究还提供了无量纲分析的原始图形表示，以及可行性区域的图形解释，允许人们评估维持温度和散热要求与可行性边界的接近程度，并评估系统的鲁棒性。实验验证了该方法的实用性。

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引用次数: 0

Frequency-domain analysis of electromagnetic torque ripple excited vibration of high-speed generator coupled helium turbine expander rotor 高速发电机耦合氦涡轮膨胀转子电磁转矩脉动激振频域分析

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.12.023

Chenghao Dai , Shixiong Chen , Qiyong Zhang , Chengfei Fan

The present work attempts to obtain the continuous spectrum of electromagnetic torque ripple exciting vibration response of a surface-mounted permanent magnet generator coupled helium turbine expander rotor. By establishing a simplified rotor vibration model, frequency domain analysis of electromagnetic torque ripple exciting rotor vibration is carried out, and the blade vibration response spectrum is obtained, which is in good agreement with the single-frequency response calculation. The results show that the blade vibration is more obvious to the high frequency components of the electromagnetic torque ripple, and the influence of the non-harmonic noise component of the electromagnetic torque on the blade vibration cannot be ignored.

本文试图获得表面贴装永磁发电机耦合氦涡轮膨胀转子电磁转矩脉动激励振动响应的连续谱。通过建立简化的转子振动模型，对电磁转矩脉动激励转子振动进行频域分析，得到叶片振动响应谱，与单频响应计算结果吻合较好。结果表明：叶片振动对电磁转矩脉动的高频分量更为明显，且电磁转矩的非谐波噪声分量对叶片振动的影响不容忽视。

引用次数: 0

Atlantic salmon skin gelatin hydrolysate: Antioxidant activity and functional role as a cryoprotectant in freeze-thawed surimi 大西洋鲑鱼皮明胶水解物：在冻融鱼糜中的抗氧化活性和冷冻保护剂的功能作用

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.12.022

Sakonwat Kuepethkaew , Soottawat Benjakul , Yuya Kumagai , Hideki Kishimura , Sappasith Klomklao

Protein denaturation and lipid oxidation during frozen storage negatively affect the quality and consumer acceptance of fish products, underscoring the need for natural additives with both antioxidative and cryoprotective functions. This study presents the first comprehensive evaluation of antioxidant and cryoprotective activities of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) skin gelatin hydrolysate (ASGH), produced via a two-step enzymatic process using Alcalase and papain. Sequential hydrolysis generates low-molecular-weight peptides with enhanced radical scavenging and protein-stabilizing properties, strengthening both antioxidant and cryoprotective functionalities. Antioxidant properties were assessed at ASGH concentrations of 1–5 mg/mL. Increasing concentrations enhanced DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and ferrous ion chelation ability, indicating strong antioxidant potential. These mechanisms help suppress oxidative denaturation of myofibrillar proteins, thereby mechanistically supporting its cryoprotective effects. For cryoprotective evaluation, ASGH was incorporated into threadfin bream surimi at 4%, 6%, and 8% (w/w), followed by three and six freeze-thaw cycles. A 1:1 sucrose/sorbitol blend (8% w/w) and control (without cryoprotectant) groups were used for comparison. ASGH showed dose-dependent mitigation of physicochemical deterioration in natural actomyosin, with higher Ca²⁺-ATPase activity, greater sulfhydryl content, and reduced disulfide bonds relative to the control. Surimi with 4% ASGH showed the greatest textural stability, with breaking force and deformation values reaching 100.33% and 86.97%, respectively, relative to control. These findings demonstrate that ASGH possesses potent antioxidant activity and functions effectively as a natural cryoprotectant, supporting its potential as a clean-label alternative that links antioxidative action with protein stabilization during freeze-thaw abuse.

冷冻储存过程中的蛋白质变性和脂质氧化对鱼产品的质量和消费者接受度产生负面影响，强调需要具有抗氧化和冷冻保护功能的天然添加剂。本研究首次对大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo salar）皮肤明胶水解物（ASGH）的抗氧化和低温保护活性进行了综合评价，该水解物是通过Alcalase和木瓜蛋白酶两步酶促工艺生产的。顺序水解产生具有增强自由基清除和蛋白质稳定特性的低分子量肽，增强抗氧化和低温保护功能。在ASGH浓度为1-5 mg/mL时评估抗氧化性能。浓度增加可增强DPPH、ABTS和羟基自由基的清除能力、铁还原抗氧化能力和铁离子螯合能力，显示出较强的抗氧化潜力。这些机制有助于抑制肌原纤维蛋白的氧化变性，从而在机械上支持其冷冻保护作用。为了进行冷冻保护评估，将ASGH以4%、6%和8% （w/w）的比例加入到鲷鱼鱼糜中，然后进行3次和6次冻融循环。采用1:1蔗糖/山梨醇混合物（8% w/w）和对照组（不含冷冻保护剂）进行比较。ASGH对天然肌动球蛋白的物理化学退化表现出剂量依赖性缓解，与对照组相比，Ca 2 + - atp酶活性更高，巯基含量更高，二硫键减少。当ASGH含量为4%时，鱼糜的结构稳定性最好，破碎力和变形值分别达到对照的100.33%和86.97%。这些研究结果表明，ASGH具有强大的抗氧化活性，并且作为天然冷冻保护剂有效地发挥作用，支持其作为一种清洁标签替代品的潜力，将抗氧化作用与冻融滥用期间的蛋白质稳定联系起来。

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引用次数: 0

Application of eXtreme gradient boosting in the performance prediction of a refrigeration system working with alternative refrigerants 极值梯度增压在替代制冷剂制冷系统性能预测中的应用

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.12.020

Yair A. Andrade-Ambriz , J. Serrano-Arellano , J.J. García-Pabón , V. Peréz-García , J.M. Belman-Flores

Refrigeration is essential to many sectors of society, including food preservation, the pharmaceutical industry, industrial processes, and thermal comfort. Current refrigeration systems, based on vapor compression, must become more energy-efficient and reduce their environmental impact. However, testing different low global warming potential refrigerants requires time and test benches. Several mathematical or heuristic models can simulate the behavior of a refrigeration system. These models allow computationally testing different types of experimental benches or configurations. This study utilizes eXtreme Gradient Boosting, a machine learning algorithm, to simulate the performance of a refrigeration system using a minimal amount of experimental data. This model uses temperatures and secondary flows in the condenser and evaporator as inputs. With this information, the model can predict the behavior of the coefficient of performance, power consumption, cooling capacity, refrigerant flow rate, and up to four refrigerants, such as R134a, R513A, R516A, and R1234ze(E). Additionally, the model achieves an overall coefficient of determination greater than 0.98 and an overall accuracy of 96.13 %. These enable the simulation of different operating values of the experimental bench to determine the most effective refrigerant for achieving the highest coefficient of performance; thus, R1234ze(E) and R513A are those that represent the highest COP.

制冷对社会的许多部门都是必不可少的，包括食品保存、制药工业、工业过程和热舒适。目前基于蒸汽压缩的制冷系统必须变得更加节能，并减少对环境的影响。然而，测试不同的低全球变暖潜能值制冷剂需要时间和试验台。几个数学或启发式模型可以模拟制冷系统的行为。这些模型允许对不同类型的试验台或配置进行计算测试。本研究利用eXtreme Gradient Boosting，一种机器学习算法，使用最少的实验数据来模拟制冷系统的性能。该模型使用冷凝器和蒸发器中的温度和二次流作为输入。利用这些信息，该模型可以预测性能系数、功耗、制冷量、制冷剂流量以及多达四种制冷剂（如R134a、R513A、R516A和R1234ze(E)）的行为。此外，该模型的总体决定系数大于0.98，总体精度为96.13%。这使得模拟不同的操作值的实验平台，以确定最有效的制冷剂，以实现最高的性能系数；因此，R1234ze(E)和R513A代表最高COP。

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引用次数: 0

Research on the motion characteristics of sliding vane in rolling piston compressor under low-speed condition 滚动活塞压缩机滑片在低速工况下的运动特性研究

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.12.021

Yanjun Du , Shunan Li , Jianhua Wu , Qingwen Liu , Zibo Zhao

The rolling rotor compressors frequently face operational challenges such as vane impact noise and impaired efficiency under low-speed conditions, which hinder the ability to meet the growing demand for energy-efficient and comfortable air conditioning systems. It is essential to investigate the lubrication and motion characteristics of the vane side in rolling rotor compressors for room air conditioners under low-speed conditions, in order to ensure compressor performance and system comfort during low-speed operation. This paper conducted the force analysis based on the finite element discretization of the oil film area on the vane side. Experiments were conducted to measure the temperature, pressure, and cooling capacity at multiple points in the air conditioning system under different operating conditions by modifying the air conditioning system and rolling rotor compressor. Meanwhile, noise collection equipment was used to measure the system noise at the back of the vane and in its vertical direction, and the noise spectrum was analyzed. The results show that the maximum inclination angle of the vane decreases by 14.2 % at low-speed conditions, the range of inclination angle variation shrinks by 52.4 %, and the secondary motion of the vane weakens, compared to the rated cooling condition. Furthermore, the detachment of the vane at low-speed was calculated and compared with the experimental results of noise spectrum, verifying the rationality of the mathematical model in this paper. The calculation and experimental results of vane detachment show that after the vane detaches from the rolling rotor, the compressor volumetric efficiency drops below 80 %, and impact noise is generated, which has a significant impact on the noise variation at the back of the vane. The decrease in longitudinal gas force and poor lubrication condition on the vane side at low-speed are the main reasons for the vane detaching before the 180° rotation angle.

滚动转子压缩机经常面临运行挑战，如叶片冲击噪声和低速条件下的效率下降，这阻碍了满足日益增长的节能和舒适空调系统需求的能力。研究室内空调滚动转子压缩机叶片侧在低速工况下的润滑和运动特性，对于保证压缩机的低速运行性能和系统的舒适性是十分必要的。本文对叶片侧油膜区域进行了有限元离散化的受力分析。通过对空调系统和滚动转子压缩机的改造，对空调系统在不同工况下的多点温度、压力和制冷量进行了实验测量。同时，利用噪声采集设备对叶片背面和垂直方向的系统噪声进行测量，并对噪声谱进行分析。结果表明：与额定冷却工况相比，低速工况下叶片的最大倾角减小了14.2%，倾角变化范围减小了52.4%，叶片的二次运动减弱。对叶片在低速时的分离进行了计算，并与噪声谱实验结果进行了对比，验证了本文数学模型的合理性。叶片分离计算和实验结果表明，叶片与滚动转子分离后，压气机容积效率降至80%以下，并产生冲击噪声，对叶片后部的噪声变化有显著影响。低速时叶片侧纵向气力减小和润滑条件差是导致叶片在180°转角前分离的主要原因。

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引用次数: 0

Opposite effects of R1234yf on the flammability limits of R600a refrigerant: Experimental and kinetic insight R1234yf对R600a制冷剂可燃性限值的相反影响：实验和动力学观察

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.12.018

Xueyan Wang , Shanzhu Hu , Rui Sun , Hua Tian , Gequn Shu , Zhao Yang

R1234yf/R600a refrigerants blends are regarded as a compromise solution to replace high-GWP refrigerants. They possess excellent thermodynamic properties compared to pure refrigerants. However, R1234yf refrigerants exhibit completely opposite influences on the lower (LFL) and upper flammability limits (UFL) of hydrocarbon refrigerants. In this study, the representative HFOs refrigerant R1234yf was selected to experimentally investigate its influence on the flammability limits (FLs) of R600a, a typical hydrocarbon refrigerant. The LFL and UFL of R600a converge when the volume fraction of R1234yf in mixture reaches 0.92. The UFL and LFL of R600a are reduced by 93.7 % and 71.9 %, respectively. Secondly, oxidation experiments of R600a were conducted using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (SVUV-PIMS) technology, and a kinetic model for R600a was selected based on the experimental data. The hydrocarbon mechanism was coupled with the optimized NIST2021 mechanism, and for the first time, a kinetic model applicable to R1234yf/R600a refrigerants blend was proposed. The proposed kinetic model reveals the mechanisms driving the contrasting effects of R1234yf on the FLs of R600a refrigerants. Simulation results indicate that R1234yf significantly influences the flame structure of R600a in both lean and rich combustion, owing to pronounced variations in the mole fractions of radicals H, OH, and O. Among them, H radicals have a greater influence on the reaction pathways than OH and O radicals. These findings help to identify the potential risks associated with promoting the use of R1234yf/R600a refrigerant blends.

R1234yf/R600a制冷剂混合物被认为是替代高gwp制冷剂的折衷方案。与纯制冷剂相比，它们具有优异的热力学性能。而R1234yf制冷剂对烃类制冷剂的可燃性下限（LFL）和可燃性上限（UFL）的影响完全相反。本研究选取具有代表性的HFOs制冷剂R1234yf，实验研究其对典型烃类制冷剂R600a可燃性限值（FLs）的影响。当R1234yf在混合物中的体积分数达到0.92时，R600a的LFL和UFL趋于收敛。R600a的UFL和LFL分别降低了93.7%和71.9%。其次，采用同步加速器真空紫外光电离质谱（SVUV-PIMS）技术对R600a进行了氧化实验，并根据实验数据选择了R600a的动力学模型。将烃类机理与优化后的NIST2021机理耦合，首次建立了适用于R1234yf/R600a制冷剂共混反应的动力学模型。所建立的动力学模型揭示了R1234yf对R600a制冷剂高效液相色谱的影响机理。模拟结果表明，R1234yf对R600a贫燃烧和富燃烧的火焰结构都有显著影响，这是由于自由基H、OH和O的摩尔分数变化明显，其中H自由基对反应路径的影响大于OH和O自由基。这些发现有助于确定与推广使用R1234yf/R600a制冷剂混合物相关的潜在风险。

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引用次数: 0

Development of a magnetic single-sinker densimeter based on direct displacement regulation over a wide temperature range from 85 to 350 K and pressures up to 15 MPa 基于直接位移调节的磁单沉密度计的开发，温度范围从85到350 K，压力可达15 MPa

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.12.019

Jiadong Sun, Yilun Yang, Yonghua Huang

A magnetic-suspension single-sinker densimeter was developed for refrigerants over a broad temperature range (85–350 K) and at pressures up to 15 MPa. The densimeter incorporates adjustable temperature-synchronized cold shields and an innovative direct displacement regulation method that sets predefined displacement parameters to dynamically regulate the electronic magnet current. This approach ensures sinker stability through controlled current adjustments, significantly enhancing operational efficiency and adaptability across diverse fluids and temperature conditions. A segmented range approach was employed for temperature regulation with uncertainties of ±0.1 K (85–150 K), ±0.05 K (150–290 K), and ±0.01 K (290–350 K). When validated against NIST REFPROP 10.0 using R290, nitrogen, and argon as specimens, the system achieved a maximum absolute relative deviation in liquid density of within 0.6 % across all temperatures.

研制了一种磁悬浮式单沉式密度计，可在宽温度范围（85-350 K）和高达15 MPa的压力下测量制冷剂。密度计采用可调温度同步冷护罩和创新的直接位移调节方法，设置预定义的位移参数来动态调节电子磁铁电流。这种方法通过可控的电流调节确保了下沉器的稳定性，显著提高了作业效率和对不同流体和温度条件的适应性。温度调节采用分段范围法，不确定度分别为±0.1 K （85 ~ 150 K）、±0.05 K （150 ~ 290 K）和±0.01 K （290 ~ 350 K）。当使用R290、氮气和氩气作为样品对NIST REFPROP 10.0进行验证时，系统在所有温度下的液体密度最大绝对相对偏差在0.6%以内。

引用次数: 0

Quantifying emissions from cold chain transport of apples to and within Norway 量化苹果冷链运输到挪威和在挪威境内的排放量

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.12.016

Patrick Hadamitzky, Sophie Kendler, Kristina Norne Widell, Erlend Indergård

Norway imports a significant share of its fruits and vegetables, contributing to transportation-related greenhouse gas emissions. This study maps the cold chain transportation networks of imported and domestic apples in Norway, assessing CO₂e emissions from the point of export to individual supermarkets. It represents the most detailed analysis of its kind, tracing the journey from specific export locations through main and regional warehouses to retail outlets across the country. The Norwegian food market is dominated by three major retail chains, each operating its own distribution system, often supported by a central third-party importer. Most transport relies on trucks, which raises sustainability concerns due to fossil fuel use and potential refrigerant leakage. The coexistence of main and regional warehouses increases transport frequency and energy consumption, particularly for perishable goods like apples. Improving transparency across supply chains is essential to optimise energy use, reduce food loss, and lower emissions. By improving cooling technologies, reform transport logistics, and integrating innovative sustainability practices, Norway’s food sector can address growing cooling demands while advancing toward reduced carbon footprints. On average, refrigerated transport of apples in Norway emits 0.166 kg CO₂e per kilogram. Of this, 0.161 kg CO₂e/kg stems from transport, 0.003 kg CO₂e/kg from refrigerant leakage, and 0.001 kg CO₂e/kg from the refrigeration process. Under current assumptions and with the use of modern refrigerants, leakage accounts for approximately 2 % of total emissions. These findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions in transport and refrigeration to support more sustainable food systems.

挪威的水果和蔬菜有很大一部分是进口的，这导致了与交通有关的温室气体排放。该研究绘制了挪威进口和国内苹果的冷链运输网络，评估了从出口到单个超市的二氧化碳排放量。它代表了同类分析中最详细的分析，追踪了从特定出口地点通过主要和区域仓库到全国各地零售店的旅程。挪威食品市场由三大零售连锁店主导，每家连锁店都有自己的分销系统，通常由中央第三方进口商提供支持。大多数运输依赖于卡车，由于化石燃料的使用和潜在的制冷剂泄漏，这引起了可持续性问题。主仓库和区域仓库的共存增加了运输频率和能源消耗，特别是像苹果这样的易腐货物。提高整个供应链的透明度对于优化能源使用、减少粮食损失和降低排放至关重要。通过改进冷却技术、改革运输物流和整合创新的可持续性实践，挪威食品部门可以在减少碳足迹的同时解决日益增长的冷却需求。在挪威，苹果的冷藏运输平均每公斤排放0.166公斤二氧化碳。其中，0.161 kg CO₂e/kg来自运输，0.003 kg CO₂e/kg来自制冷剂泄漏，0.001 kg CO₂e/kg来自制冷过程。在目前的假设和使用现代制冷剂的情况下，泄漏约占总排放量的2%。这些发现强调了在运输和冷藏方面采取有针对性的干预措施以支持更可持续的粮食系统的重要性。

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引用次数: 0