Faheem Ahmad, Khurram Shehzad Akhtar, Wardah Anam, Bushra Mushtaq, A. Rasheed, Sheraz Ahmad, Farooq I Azam, Yasir Nawab
In the recent era of development, the global market for the sportswear textile manufacturing industries has increased with the increase in consumption of active sportswear. The sportswear manufacturers not only focused on the market trends but also focused on material diversification with technology enhancement. The performance characteristics of active sportswear directly influence comfort level and athletic performance during sports activities. Different types of sportswear products require different performance characteristics. Appropriate moisture and heat management are the key factors for the endowment of the required physiological comfort level. In highly engineered textile-based sports goods, special characteristics are incorporated in the polymer/fibers/product manufacturing procedures/finishing techniques to obtain the maximum performance and comfort level. In this review paper current market trends, highly engineered polymers, fibers, fabrics, finishes, nanomaterials, and the recent developments in the manufacturing techniques of sportswear are illustrated.
{"title":"Recent Developments in Materials and Manufacturing Techniques Used for Sports Textiles","authors":"Faheem Ahmad, Khurram Shehzad Akhtar, Wardah Anam, Bushra Mushtaq, A. Rasheed, Sheraz Ahmad, Farooq I Azam, Yasir Nawab","doi":"10.1155/2023/2021622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2021622","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent era of development, the global market for the sportswear textile manufacturing industries has increased with the increase in consumption of active sportswear. The sportswear manufacturers not only focused on the market trends but also focused on material diversification with technology enhancement. The performance characteristics of active sportswear directly influence comfort level and athletic performance during sports activities. Different types of sportswear products require different performance characteristics. Appropriate moisture and heat management are the key factors for the endowment of the required physiological comfort level. In highly engineered textile-based sports goods, special characteristics are incorporated in the polymer/fibers/product manufacturing procedures/finishing techniques to obtain the maximum performance and comfort level. In this review paper current market trends, highly engineered polymers, fibers, fabrics, finishes, nanomaterials, and the recent developments in the manufacturing techniques of sportswear are illustrated.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48638889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fitting unvulcanized rubber compound’s (URC) dynamic viscoelasticity prediction formula and then constructing its mechanical constitutive model are of great significance for studying defect mechanisms in rubber products. However, it is difficult to measure the dynamic viscoelasticity of unvulcanized rubber at high and low frequencies due to its rapid relaxation property. This paper presents a convenient method to measure the dynamic viscoelasticity of unvulcanized rubber. The data of different temperatures at a fixed frequency are measured by dynamic thermomechanical analysis, and the master curve of unvulcanized rubber is obtained by using the time-temperature equivalent superposition principle, which is used to predict the modulus and stress at different temperatures as a function of frequency. The predicted moduli are in good agreement with experimental data when the strain is less than 10% and the applicable temperature range of the Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equation, which indicates that the proposed method is a feasible way to study the dynamic viscoelasticity of unvulcanized rubber at different temperatures.
{"title":"Prediction Formula Describing Viscoelasticity of Unvulcanized Rubber Compound Based on Time-Temperature Equivalent Superposition Principle","authors":"Yong Li, Xunhua Sun, Yanan Miao, Shuang Zhang, Fangkai Guo, Long Chen","doi":"10.1155/2023/6916484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6916484","url":null,"abstract":"Fitting unvulcanized rubber compound’s (URC) dynamic viscoelasticity prediction formula and then constructing its mechanical constitutive model are of great significance for studying defect mechanisms in rubber products. However, it is difficult to measure the dynamic viscoelasticity of unvulcanized rubber at high and low frequencies due to its rapid relaxation property. This paper presents a convenient method to measure the dynamic viscoelasticity of unvulcanized rubber. The data of different temperatures at a fixed frequency are measured by dynamic thermomechanical analysis, and the master curve of unvulcanized rubber is obtained by using the time-temperature equivalent superposition principle, which is used to predict the modulus and stress at different temperatures as a function of frequency. The predicted moduli are in good agreement with experimental data when the strain is less than 10% and the applicable temperature range of the Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equation, which indicates that the proposed method is a feasible way to study the dynamic viscoelasticity of unvulcanized rubber at different temperatures.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46151445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present scenario like COVID-19 pandemic, to maintain physical distance, the gait-based biometric is a must. Human gait identification is a very difficult process, but it is a suitable distance biometric that also gives good results at low resolution conditions even with face features that are not clear. This study describes the construction of a smart carpet that measures ground response force (GRF) and spatio-temporal gait parameters (STGP) using a polymer optical fiber sensor (POFS). The suggested carpet contains two light detection units for acquiring signals. Each unit obtains response from 10 nearby sensors. There are 20 intensity deviation sensors on a fiber. Light-emitting diodes (LED) are triggered successively, using the multiplexing approach that is being employed. Multiplexing is dependent on coupling among the LED and POFS sections. Results of walking experiments performed on the smart carpet suggested that certain parameters, including step length, stride length, cadence, and stance time, might be used to estimate the GRF and STGP. The results enable the detection of gait, including the swing phase, stance, stance length, and double supporting periods. The suggested carpet is dependable, reasonably priced equipment for gait acquisition in a variety of applications. Using the sensor data, gait recognition is performed using genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. GA- and PSO-based gait template analyses are performed to extract the features with respect to the gait signals obtained from polymer optical gait sensors (POGS). The techniques used for classification of the obtained signals are random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM). The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity results are obtained using SVM classifier and RF classifier. The results obtained using both classifiers are compared.
{"title":"Design and Development of Polymer-Based Optical Fiber Sensor for GAIT Analysis","authors":"M. Hema, J. V. Suman, B. K. Kumar, Adisu Haile","doi":"10.1155/2023/2541384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2541384","url":null,"abstract":"In the present scenario like COVID-19 pandemic, to maintain physical distance, the gait-based biometric is a must. Human gait identification is a very difficult process, but it is a suitable distance biometric that also gives good results at low resolution conditions even with face features that are not clear. This study describes the construction of a smart carpet that measures ground response force (GRF) and spatio-temporal gait parameters (STGP) using a polymer optical fiber sensor (POFS). The suggested carpet contains two light detection units for acquiring signals. Each unit obtains response from 10 nearby sensors. There are 20 intensity deviation sensors on a fiber. Light-emitting diodes (LED) are triggered successively, using the multiplexing approach that is being employed. Multiplexing is dependent on coupling among the LED and POFS sections. Results of walking experiments performed on the smart carpet suggested that certain parameters, including step length, stride length, cadence, and stance time, might be used to estimate the GRF and STGP. The results enable the detection of gait, including the swing phase, stance, stance length, and double supporting periods. The suggested carpet is dependable, reasonably priced equipment for gait acquisition in a variety of applications. Using the sensor data, gait recognition is performed using genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. GA- and PSO-based gait template analyses are performed to extract the features with respect to the gait signals obtained from polymer optical gait sensors (POGS). The techniques used for classification of the obtained signals are random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM). The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity results are obtained using SVM classifier and RF classifier. The results obtained using both classifiers are compared.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44923044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. E. El Rabey, E. Alamri, O. Alzahrani, Nouran M. Salah, Eman S. Attia, S. Rezk
Natural copolymer (e.g., chitosan-loaded) and synthetic (e.g., silver nitrate-loaded) nanopolymers have many medical applications in drug delivery research for enhancing the effectuality of traditional medicine. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective activity of vanillic acid, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of vanillic acid, and silymarin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats. Rats were divided into five groups; the first group (G1) was a negative control, and the other rats were treated intraperitoneally with CCl4 to induce kidney toxicity twice weekly, and then divided into four groups, G2 was a positive control and left without treatment, the third group was treated with vanillic acid, the fourth (G4) was treated with vanillic acid-AgNPs, and the fifth (G5) was treated with silymarin. In G2, renal function indices (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) showed elevated levels indicating renal toxicity. Na, K, and Ca ions were decreased, whereas Cl− was increased. Antioxidants (glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reduced, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) were decreased, whereas lipid peroxidation was increased in the kidney tissue homogenate. IL1 was increased, whereas CYP-450 was decreased. In the treated group, all biochemical and renal tissue texture were alleviated as a result of treatment with vanillic acid in G3, vanillic acid AgNPs in G4, and silymarin in G5. Vanillic acid AgNPs and silymarin treatment in G4 and G5, respectively, were more efficient than vanillic acid in G5 in protecting the kidneys against CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity.
{"title":"Silymarin and Vanillic Acid Silver Nanoparticles Alleviate the Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats","authors":"H. E. El Rabey, E. Alamri, O. Alzahrani, Nouran M. Salah, Eman S. Attia, S. Rezk","doi":"10.1155/2023/4120553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4120553","url":null,"abstract":"Natural copolymer (e.g., chitosan-loaded) and synthetic (e.g., silver nitrate-loaded) nanopolymers have many medical applications in drug delivery research for enhancing the effectuality of traditional medicine. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective activity of vanillic acid, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of vanillic acid, and silymarin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats. Rats were divided into five groups; the first group (G1) was a negative control, and the other rats were treated intraperitoneally with CCl4 to induce kidney toxicity twice weekly, and then divided into four groups, G2 was a positive control and left without treatment, the third group was treated with vanillic acid, the fourth (G4) was treated with vanillic acid-AgNPs, and the fifth (G5) was treated with silymarin. In G2, renal function indices (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) showed elevated levels indicating renal toxicity. Na, K, and Ca ions were decreased, whereas Cl− was increased. Antioxidants (glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reduced, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) were decreased, whereas lipid peroxidation was increased in the kidney tissue homogenate. IL1 was increased, whereas CYP-450 was decreased. In the treated group, all biochemical and renal tissue texture were alleviated as a result of treatment with vanillic acid in G3, vanillic acid AgNPs in G4, and silymarin in G5. Vanillic acid AgNPs and silymarin treatment in G4 and G5, respectively, were more efficient than vanillic acid in G5 in protecting the kidneys against CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47817373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Satish Geeri, B. Murthy, Aditya Kolakoti, M. Murugan, P. Elumalai, N. R. Dhineshbabu, S. Prabhakar
The application of wireless electronic devices is increasing nowadays; hence, there is a necessity for electromagnetic wave-absorbing material, which is mechanically stable. Polymer composites with magnetic wood as filler material were fabricated by hand lay-up methods of 6 mm thickness. For the proposed immersion duration, magnetic wood was developed by in situ chemical co-precipitation methods. The microwave absorbing phenomenon is evaluated based on the complex permeability, complex permittivity, dielectric tangent, and magnetic tangent losses. The experimentation was done by vector network analyzer in the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz by X-band and Through-reflect-line (TRL) calibration. It was observed that the reflection losses increase as the immersion time increases from −8.70 dB to −9.30 dB at the frequency range of 10.2 GHz. A similar trend is also followed for the mechanical properties like tensile strength, bending strength, and impact strength with respect to the immersion time. The results revealed that the best mechanical and electromagnetic absorption properties are obtained for the specimens with immersion time of 72 hours. Validation is done for the electromagnetic wave-absorbing properties and mechanical properties by regression analysis, and the experimental data are in close agreement with the regression data.
{"title":"Influence of Magnetic Wood on Mechanical and Electromagnetic Wave-Absorbing Properties of Polymer Composites","authors":"Satish Geeri, B. Murthy, Aditya Kolakoti, M. Murugan, P. Elumalai, N. R. Dhineshbabu, S. Prabhakar","doi":"10.1155/2023/1142654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1142654","url":null,"abstract":"The application of wireless electronic devices is increasing nowadays; hence, there is a necessity for electromagnetic wave-absorbing material, which is mechanically stable. Polymer composites with magnetic wood as filler material were fabricated by hand lay-up methods of 6 mm thickness. For the proposed immersion duration, magnetic wood was developed by in situ chemical co-precipitation methods. The microwave absorbing phenomenon is evaluated based on the complex permeability, complex permittivity, dielectric tangent, and magnetic tangent losses. The experimentation was done by vector network analyzer in the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz by X-band and Through-reflect-line (TRL) calibration. It was observed that the reflection losses increase as the immersion time increases from −8.70 dB to −9.30 dB at the frequency range of 10.2 GHz. A similar trend is also followed for the mechanical properties like tensile strength, bending strength, and impact strength with respect to the immersion time. The results revealed that the best mechanical and electromagnetic absorption properties are obtained for the specimens with immersion time of 72 hours. Validation is done for the electromagnetic wave-absorbing properties and mechanical properties by regression analysis, and the experimental data are in close agreement with the regression data.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43229819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epoxy-date palm fiber (DPF) composites have been synthesized and characterized successfully with various reinforced ratios of DPF (i.e., 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%), where the mixture of Epoxy–DPF is poured into different prepared silicone molds. The first type of silicon molds is prepared to produce the samples of the Epoxy–DPF composites to conduct mechanical tests (i.e., impact, creep, and tensile). When the ratio of DPF is increased in the Epoxy matrix, a significant improvement was observed in the results of the mechanical tests. The Epoxy–DPF composites with 15 wt% exhibit a high hardness of 38.4 in comparison with other composite specimens. Maximum impact strength, creep strain, and tensile strengths were recorded to be 0.13 J/mm2, 0.03112, and 23.4 N/mm2, respectively, using 20 wt% DPF.
{"title":"Epoxy–Date Palm Fiber Composites: Study on Manufacturing and Properties","authors":"Malek Ali","doi":"10.1155/2023/5670293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5670293","url":null,"abstract":"Epoxy-date palm fiber (DPF) composites have been synthesized and characterized successfully with various reinforced ratios of DPF (i.e., 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%), where the mixture of Epoxy–DPF is poured into different prepared silicone molds. The first type of silicon molds is prepared to produce the samples of the Epoxy–DPF composites to conduct mechanical tests (i.e., impact, creep, and tensile). When the ratio of DPF is increased in the Epoxy matrix, a significant improvement was observed in the results of the mechanical tests. The Epoxy–DPF composites with 15 wt% exhibit a high hardness of 38.4 in comparison with other composite specimens. Maximum impact strength, creep strain, and tensile strengths were recorded to be 0.13 J/mm2, 0.03112, and 23.4 N/mm2, respectively, using 20 wt% DPF.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47558132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Pervaiz, N. Kanwal, A. Shahzad, M. Saleem, I. A. Khan
The silica zinc oxide nanoparticles filled poly-vinylidene-fluoride (PVDF)-based nanocomposite flexible sheets (NC FSs) are synthesized by co-precipitation method. The X-ray diffraction patterns reveal the development of various diffraction planes related to zinc oxide (ZnO) and SiO2 phases. The crystallinity of ZnO phase is decreased with increasing weight percent (wt.%) of silica nanofillers (NFs). The scanning electron microscope microstructure of synthesized PVDF-based NCs FSs is changed with increasing wt.% of silica NFs. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses confirm the presence of different elements and the formation of chemical bonding between them. In high temperature region, the weight-loss of synthesized PVDF-based NCs FSs is decreased from 89.90% to 49.26% with increasing wt.% of silica NFs. The values of dielectric permittivity, loss-factor, impedance, and AC-conductivity of PVDF-based NC FSs synthesized for maximum amount of silica NFs are found to be 13.7, 0.03, 0.16 MΩ, and 19.9 × 10 − 6 S/m, respectively. Results show that the synthesized PVDF-based NC FSs are the potential candidates of light emitting diodes and energy storage devices.
{"title":"Thermal and Dielectric Behaviour of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites Flexible Sheets as Highly Stable Dielectric Materials","authors":"S. Pervaiz, N. Kanwal, A. Shahzad, M. Saleem, I. A. Khan","doi":"10.1155/2023/3892823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3892823","url":null,"abstract":"The silica zinc oxide nanoparticles filled poly-vinylidene-fluoride (PVDF)-based nanocomposite flexible sheets (NC FSs) are synthesized by co-precipitation method. The X-ray diffraction patterns reveal the development of various diffraction planes related to zinc oxide (ZnO) and SiO2 phases. The crystallinity of ZnO phase is decreased with increasing weight percent (wt.%) of silica nanofillers (NFs). The scanning electron microscope microstructure of synthesized PVDF-based NCs FSs is changed with increasing wt.% of silica NFs. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses confirm the presence of different elements and the formation of chemical bonding between them. In high temperature region, the weight-loss of synthesized PVDF-based NCs FSs is decreased from 89.90% to 49.26% with increasing wt.% of silica NFs. The values of dielectric permittivity, loss-factor, impedance, and AC-conductivity of PVDF-based NC FSs synthesized for maximum amount of silica NFs are found to be 13.7, 0.03, 0.16 MΩ, and \u0000 \u0000 19.9\u0000 ×\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 10\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 −\u0000 6\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 S/m, respectively. Results show that the synthesized PVDF-based NC FSs are the potential candidates of light emitting diodes and energy storage devices.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64794358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peenal Arvind Mistry, Meera Nambidas Konar, S. Latha, Utkarsh Chadha, P. Bhardwaj, T. Eticha
The consumption of diapers and sanitary products has constantly been rising. Several problems are associated with using chemical-based sanitary products, which are difficult to degrade easily and cause nappy rash and bacterial infections in babies. Therefore, there is an increasing shift towards natural-based sanitary products because of their biodegradability, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility. Several studies are being carried out in which researchers have incorporated natural polymers, such as cellulose, starch, alginate, and xantham gum for producing superabsorbent materials. Chitosan (CS) is one such natural polymer that exhibits anti-microbial activity because of the functional groups present in its structure. Moreover, it is also easily available, biodegradable, and non-toxic. This review mainly focuses on CS’s properties and several approaches to synthesizing natural polymer-based superabsorbent products, such as sanitary pads and diapers. It also briefly discusses the diversified applications of CS as a biopolymer in the cosmetic, medical, food, and textile industries. In addition, this study implies using CS as a superabsorbent biopolymer in the manufacturing and producing sanitary products for women and children. Due to the excellent water retention capacity, swelling ability, and anti-microbial activity exhibited by CS can be considered a potential candidate for producing superabsorbent biopolymers.
{"title":"Chitosan Superabsorbent Biopolymers in Sanitary and Hygiene Applications","authors":"Peenal Arvind Mistry, Meera Nambidas Konar, S. Latha, Utkarsh Chadha, P. Bhardwaj, T. Eticha","doi":"10.1155/2023/4717905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4717905","url":null,"abstract":"The consumption of diapers and sanitary products has constantly been rising. Several problems are associated with using chemical-based sanitary products, which are difficult to degrade easily and cause nappy rash and bacterial infections in babies. Therefore, there is an increasing shift towards natural-based sanitary products because of their biodegradability, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility. Several studies are being carried out in which researchers have incorporated natural polymers, such as cellulose, starch, alginate, and xantham gum for producing superabsorbent materials. Chitosan (CS) is one such natural polymer that exhibits anti-microbial activity because of the functional groups present in its structure. Moreover, it is also easily available, biodegradable, and non-toxic. This review mainly focuses on CS’s properties and several approaches to synthesizing natural polymer-based superabsorbent products, such as sanitary pads and diapers. It also briefly discusses the diversified applications of CS as a biopolymer in the cosmetic, medical, food, and textile industries. In addition, this study implies using CS as a superabsorbent biopolymer in the manufacturing and producing sanitary products for women and children. Due to the excellent water retention capacity, swelling ability, and anti-microbial activity exhibited by CS can be considered a potential candidate for producing superabsorbent biopolymers.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41842970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explored the effect of maleinized polybutadiene (MPB) on the mechanical properties of epoxy resins. Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A, an epoxy resin, was modified by incorporating MPB having different molecular weights in order to improve the fracture toughness and peel strength. MPB was mixed with epoxy resin at several concentrations (5, 10, and 15 phr), with the epoxy resin as the major phase and MPB as the minor phase. A comparative study was performed to investigate the influence of MPB on epoxy resins based on their molecular weight difference. Lap shear test results showed that the shear strength of the MPB-modified epoxy resins was superior to that of the neat epoxy resin. At 10 wt% MPB loading, the modified epoxy resin exhibited an 87% enhancement in T-peel strength relative to that of the neat epoxy resin. Moreover, the fracture energy of the modified epoxy system increased proportionally with the amount of MPB in the epoxy matrix. These results indicate that MPB incorporation is a simple and effective method for designing multifunctional epoxy resins, thus facilitating their industrial application in various spheres.
{"title":"Influence of Maleinized Polybutadiene on Adhesive Strength and Toughness of Epoxy Resins","authors":"Mohammed Panthakkal Abdul Muthalif, Youngson Choe","doi":"10.1155/2022/9517467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9517467","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the effect of maleinized polybutadiene (MPB) on the mechanical properties of epoxy resins. Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A, an epoxy resin, was modified by incorporating MPB having different molecular weights in order to improve the fracture toughness and peel strength. MPB was mixed with epoxy resin at several concentrations (5, 10, and 15 phr), with the epoxy resin as the major phase and MPB as the minor phase. A comparative study was performed to investigate the influence of MPB on epoxy resins based on their molecular weight difference. Lap shear test results showed that the shear strength of the MPB-modified epoxy resins was superior to that of the neat epoxy resin. At 10 wt% MPB loading, the modified epoxy resin exhibited an 87% enhancement in T-peel strength relative to that of the neat epoxy resin. Moreover, the fracture energy of the modified epoxy system increased proportionally with the amount of MPB in the epoxy matrix. These results indicate that MPB incorporation is a simple and effective method for designing multifunctional epoxy resins, thus facilitating their industrial application in various spheres.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47144179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Nirmal Kumar, P. Dinesh Babu, Raviteja Surakasi, P. M. Kumar, P. Ashokkumar, R. Khan, A. Alfozan, D. Gebreyohannes
In the past few years, a new passion for the growth of biodegradable polymers based on elements derived from natural sources has been getting much attention. Natural fiber-based polymer matrix composites offer weight loss, reduction in cost and carbon dioxide emission, and recyclability. In addition, natural fiber composites have a minimal impact on the environment in regards to global warming, health, and pollution. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the best natural resource polymers available among biodegradable polymers. Natural fiber–reinforced PLA polymer composites have been extensively researched by polymer researchers to compete with conventional polymers. The type of fiber used plays a massive part in fiber and matrix bonds and, thereby, influences the composite’s mechanical properties and thermal properties. Among the various natural fibers, low density, high strength bamboo fibers (BF) have attracted attention. PLA and bamboo fiber composites play a vital character in an extensive range of structural and non-structural applications. This review briefly discussed on currently developed PLA-based natural bamboo fiber–reinforced polymer composites concentrating on the property affiliation of fibers. PLA polymer–reinforced natural bamboo fiber used to establish composite materials, various composite fabrication methods, various pretreatment methods on fibers, their effect on mechanical properties, as well as thermal properties and applications on different fields of such composites are discussed in this study. This review also presents a summary of the issues in the fabrication of natural fiber composites.
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