By 2050, it is estimated that 10 million people will die of drug-resistant bacterial infection caused by antibiotic abuse. Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) is widely used to prevent such circumstances, for the positively charged AMPs can kill drug-resistant bacteria by destroying negatively charged bacterial cell membrane, and has excellent antibacterial efficiency and low drug resistance. However, due to the defects in low in vivo stability, easy degradation, and certain cytotoxicity, its practical clinical application is limited. The emergence of peptide–polymer conjugates (PPC) helps AMPs overcome these shortcomings. By combining with functional polymers, the positive charge of AMPs is partially shielded, and its stability and water solubility are improved, so as to prolong the in vivo circulation time of AMPs and reduce its cytotoxicity. At the same time, the self-assembly ability of PPC enables it to assemble into different nanostructures to undertake specific antibacterial tasks. At present, PPC is mainly used in wound dressing, bone tissue repair, antibacterial coating of medical devices, nerve repair, tumor treatment, and oral health maintenance. In this study, we summarize the structure, synthesis methods, and the clinical applications of PPC, so as to present the current challenges and discuss the future prospects of antibacterial therapeutic materials.
{"title":"Peptide–Polymer Conjugates: A Promising Therapeutic Solution for Drug-Resistant Bacteria","authors":"Xuqiu Shen, Yi-yu Zhang, Qijiang Mao, Zhen-hao Huang, Tingting Yan, T. Lin, Wenchao Chen, Yifan Wang, Xiujun Cai, Yuelong Liang","doi":"10.1155/2022/7610951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7610951","url":null,"abstract":"By 2050, it is estimated that 10 million people will die of drug-resistant bacterial infection caused by antibiotic abuse. Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) is widely used to prevent such circumstances, for the positively charged AMPs can kill drug-resistant bacteria by destroying negatively charged bacterial cell membrane, and has excellent antibacterial efficiency and low drug resistance. However, due to the defects in low in vivo stability, easy degradation, and certain cytotoxicity, its practical clinical application is limited. The emergence of peptide–polymer conjugates (PPC) helps AMPs overcome these shortcomings. By combining with functional polymers, the positive charge of AMPs is partially shielded, and its stability and water solubility are improved, so as to prolong the in vivo circulation time of AMPs and reduce its cytotoxicity. At the same time, the self-assembly ability of PPC enables it to assemble into different nanostructures to undertake specific antibacterial tasks. At present, PPC is mainly used in wound dressing, bone tissue repair, antibacterial coating of medical devices, nerve repair, tumor treatment, and oral health maintenance. In this study, we summarize the structure, synthesis methods, and the clinical applications of PPC, so as to present the current challenges and discuss the future prospects of antibacterial therapeutic materials.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44167662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. F. Nur Diyana, A. Khalina, M. Sapuan, C. H. Lee, H. A. Aisyah, M. N. Nurazzi, R. S. Ayu
7000 years ago, miswak fiber (MF) was used as a toothbrush for oral care. However, since the emergence of plastic materials, it monopolized the oral care industry. The increment of plastic products also promotes accumulation of plastic wastes after its disposal. Thus, many researchers have turn to biodegradable products to reduce this problem. The aim of this study is to investigate the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of MF as reinforcement in composites that are suitable to replace the toothbrush materials. The MF was reinforced in PLA composite with different weight percentage (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) and undergoes several types of testing. The chemical results show that there were high presence of cellulose in the fiber which could act as medium to transfer stress load equally from fiber to matrix. However, the results show low cellulosic contents in MF that affects the poor interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix. Physical properties shows a positive indication to be used as a toothbrush handle. As the fiber content increases, the density also increased. SEM micrographic illustrated the presence of voids as the cause for reduction in mechanical properties of composites. The mechanical results show the proposed material is comparable to the materials used in commercial applications. As for the thermal result, the TGA test melting point of the proposed composite material was comparable to the pure PLA, which means the proposed material can use similar processing temperature as PLA. DSC shows that Tg of PLA/MF composite is found to be similar to Tg in loss modulus of composites. DMA finding found that PLA/MF30 have the highest storage modulus 2062 MPa and the lowest tan δ 0.6 among PLA/MF composites. This concludes that there is a possibility of using these materials as an alternative in composites and increase the fiber strength by using pretreatments and/or compatibilizer.
{"title":"Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties and Characterization of Natural Fiber Composites Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid): Miswak (Salvadora Persica L.) Fibers","authors":"A. F. Nur Diyana, A. Khalina, M. Sapuan, C. H. Lee, H. A. Aisyah, M. N. Nurazzi, R. S. Ayu","doi":"10.1155/2022/7253136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7253136","url":null,"abstract":"7000 years ago, miswak fiber (MF) was used as a toothbrush for oral care. However, since the emergence of plastic materials, it monopolized the oral care industry. The increment of plastic products also promotes accumulation of plastic wastes after its disposal. Thus, many researchers have turn to biodegradable products to reduce this problem. The aim of this study is to investigate the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of MF as reinforcement in composites that are suitable to replace the toothbrush materials. The MF was reinforced in PLA composite with different weight percentage (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) and undergoes several types of testing. The chemical results show that there were high presence of cellulose in the fiber which could act as medium to transfer stress load equally from fiber to matrix. However, the results show low cellulosic contents in MF that affects the poor interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix. Physical properties shows a positive indication to be used as a toothbrush handle. As the fiber content increases, the density also increased. SEM micrographic illustrated the presence of voids as the cause for reduction in mechanical properties of composites. The mechanical results show the proposed material is comparable to the materials used in commercial applications. As for the thermal result, the TGA test melting point of the proposed composite material was comparable to the pure PLA, which means the proposed material can use similar processing temperature as PLA. DSC shows that Tg of PLA/MF composite is found to be similar to Tg in loss modulus of composites. DMA finding found that PLA/MF30 have the highest storage modulus 2062 MPa and the lowest tan δ 0.6 among PLA/MF composites. This concludes that there is a possibility of using these materials as an alternative in composites and increase the fiber strength by using pretreatments and/or compatibilizer.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44946294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Praveena, N. Santhosh, A. Buradi, H. V. Srikanth, G. Shankar, K. Ramesha, N. Manjunath, S. Karthik, M. Rudra Naik, S. Praveen Kumar
Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite is a rapidly growing topic of research due to the simplicity of obtaining composites that is biodegradable and environmentally friendly. The resulting composites have mechanical properties comparable to synthetic fiber-reinforced composites. In this regard, the present work is formulated with the objectives related to the development, characterization, and optimization of the wt% of reinforcements and the process parameters. The novelty of this work is related to the identification and standardization of the appropriate wt% of reinforcements and parameters for the processing of the areca nut leaf sheath fiber-based polymer composites for enhanced performance attributes. With this basic purview and scope, the composites are synthesized using the hand layup process, and the composite samples of various fiber compositions (20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) are fabricated. The mechanical characteristics of biodegradable polymer composites reinforced with areca nut leaf sheath fibers are investigated in the present work, with a focus on the effect of fiber composition (tensile properties, flexural strength, and impact strength). The properties of composites are enhanced by combining the areca nut leaf sheath fiber and epoxy resin, with a fiber content of 50% being the optimal wt%. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations also ascertain this by depicting the good interfacial adhesion between the areca nut leaf sheath fiber and the epoxy resin. The tensile strength of the composite specimen reinforced with 50% areca nut fiber increases to 44.6 MPa, while the young’s modulus increases to 1900 MPa, flexural strength increases to 64.8 MPa, the flexural modulus increases to 37.9 GPa, and impact strength increases to 34.1 k J/m2. As a result, the combination of areca nut leaf sheath fiber reinforced epoxy resin shows considerable potential as a renewable and biodegradable polymer composite. Furthermore, areca nut leaf sheath fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composites are likely to replace petroleum-based polymers in the future. The ecosustainability and biodegradability of the composite specimen alongside the improved mechanical characteristics serve as the major highlight of the present work, and can help the polymer composite industry to further augment the synthetic matrix and fiber-based composites with the natural fiber-reinforced composites.
天然纤维增强聚合物复合材料是一个快速增长的研究主题，因为它可以简单地获得可生物降解和环保的复合材料。所得复合材料具有与合成纤维增强复合材料相当的机械性能。在这方面，本工作的目标是开发、表征和优化增强材料的wt%和工艺参数。这项工作的新颖性与槟榔叶鞘纤维基聚合物复合材料加工中适当wt%的增强材料和参数的识别和标准化有关，以提高性能。在这一基本范围内，使用手工叠层工艺合成了复合材料，并制备了各种纤维成分（20%、30%、40%和50%）的复合材料样品。研究了槟榔叶鞘纤维增强生物可降解聚合物复合材料的力学性能，重点研究了纤维组成（拉伸性能、弯曲强度和冲击强度）的影响。槟榔叶鞘纤维与环氧树脂的复合增强了复合材料的性能，纤维含量为50%是最佳的wt%。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究也通过描述槟榔叶鞘纤维和环氧树脂之间良好的界面粘附性来确定这一点。用50%槟榔纤维增强的复合材料试样的抗拉强度提高到44.6 MPa，而杨氏模量增加到1900 MPa，弯曲强度增加到64.8 MPa，弯曲模量增加到37.9 GPa，冲击强度增加到34.1 k 因此，槟榔叶鞘纤维增强环氧树脂的组合作为可再生和可生物降解的聚合物复合材料显示出相当大的潜力。此外，槟榔叶鞘纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料有可能在未来取代石油基聚合物。复合材料试样的生态可持续性和生物降解性以及改进的机械特性是本工作的主要亮点，可以帮助聚合物复合材料行业用天然纤维增强复合材料进一步增强合成基体和纤维基复合材料。
{"title":"Experimental Investigation on Density and Volume Fraction of Void, and Mechanical Characteristics of Areca Nut Leaf Sheath Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites","authors":"B. Praveena, N. Santhosh, A. Buradi, H. V. Srikanth, G. Shankar, K. Ramesha, N. Manjunath, S. Karthik, M. Rudra Naik, S. Praveen Kumar","doi":"10.1155/2022/6445022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6445022","url":null,"abstract":"Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite is a rapidly growing topic of research due to the simplicity of obtaining composites that is biodegradable and environmentally friendly. The resulting composites have mechanical properties comparable to synthetic fiber-reinforced composites. In this regard, the present work is formulated with the objectives related to the development, characterization, and optimization of the wt% of reinforcements and the process parameters. The novelty of this work is related to the identification and standardization of the appropriate wt% of reinforcements and parameters for the processing of the areca nut leaf sheath fiber-based polymer composites for enhanced performance attributes. With this basic purview and scope, the composites are synthesized using the hand layup process, and the composite samples of various fiber compositions (20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) are fabricated. The mechanical characteristics of biodegradable polymer composites reinforced with areca nut leaf sheath fibers are investigated in the present work, with a focus on the effect of fiber composition (tensile properties, flexural strength, and impact strength). The properties of composites are enhanced by combining the areca nut leaf sheath fiber and epoxy resin, with a fiber content of 50% being the optimal wt%. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations also ascertain this by depicting the good interfacial adhesion between the areca nut leaf sheath fiber and the epoxy resin. The tensile strength of the composite specimen reinforced with 50% areca nut fiber increases to 44.6 MPa, while the young’s modulus increases to 1900 MPa, flexural strength increases to 64.8 MPa, the flexural modulus increases to 37.9 GPa, and impact strength increases to 34.1 k J/m2. As a result, the combination of areca nut leaf sheath fiber reinforced epoxy resin shows considerable potential as a renewable and biodegradable polymer composite. Furthermore, areca nut leaf sheath fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composites are likely to replace petroleum-based polymers in the future. The ecosustainability and biodegradability of the composite specimen alongside the improved mechanical characteristics serve as the major highlight of the present work, and can help the polymer composite industry to further augment the synthetic matrix and fiber-based composites with the natural fiber-reinforced composites.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47799250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The application of recycled concrete can alleviate environmental pollution and has great practical value. In this study, microwave irradiation technology is used to treat recycled concrete in order to obtain reinforced recycled coarse aggregate. Then, the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of concrete (C), recycled concrete (RC), and recycled concrete irradiated by microwave (MRC) were studied, and the effect of the replacement rate of coarse aggregates on its mechanical properties was also studied. The results showed that the quasi-static compressive strength of MCR is higher than that of CR at all replacement rates. With the increase in the replacement rate, the quasi-static compressive strength of MCR decreases gradually, while the quasi-static compressive strength of CR decreases first and then increases, reaching the minimum value at 60%. The dynamic mechanical properties of CR and MCR all have an obvious strain rate effect. The dynamic increase factor (DIF) has an exponential relationship with the natural logarithm of the strain rate. The dynamic constitutive model of RC was established based on composite material mechanics and viscoelastic theory. The research content can provide guidance and basis for the study of mechanical properties and constitutive relationship of RC.
{"title":"Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Recycled Concrete under Microwave Irradiation","authors":"D. Shi, Q. Shi, Lei Yang","doi":"10.1155/2022/1685064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1685064","url":null,"abstract":"The application of recycled concrete can alleviate environmental pollution and has great practical value. In this study, microwave irradiation technology is used to treat recycled concrete in order to obtain reinforced recycled coarse aggregate. Then, the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of concrete (C), recycled concrete (RC), and recycled concrete irradiated by microwave (MRC) were studied, and the effect of the replacement rate of coarse aggregates on its mechanical properties was also studied. The results showed that the quasi-static compressive strength of MCR is higher than that of CR at all replacement rates. With the increase in the replacement rate, the quasi-static compressive strength of MCR decreases gradually, while the quasi-static compressive strength of CR decreases first and then increases, reaching the minimum value at 60%. The dynamic mechanical properties of CR and MCR all have an obvious strain rate effect. The dynamic increase factor (DIF) has an exponential relationship with the natural logarithm of the strain rate. The dynamic constitutive model of RC was established based on composite material mechanics and viscoelastic theory. The research content can provide guidance and basis for the study of mechanical properties and constitutive relationship of RC.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46975237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Characterization of thermal properties of different ages highland bamboo fiber attributes extracted chemically and mechanically is the focus of this study. Samples of length 25–30 cm were harvested at various ages from the middle of the stem, which was then soaked in different NaOH weight-by-volume concentrations and soaked in water for different days. Using a rolling machine that has three rollers, the fiber is mechanically extracted. The sample was subjected to different analyses for each corresponding age (1, 2, and 3 years) and NaOH concentration (untreated, 1%, 2%, and 3%) levels using thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, derivative thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis for thermal property characterization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for morphological studies, whereas Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for the identification of functional groups of the fibers. The surface appearance of the cell wall and microfibril aggregates were changed by alkali treatment. From the SEM results, 3% NaOH-treated fiber resulted in more wrinkles on the surface of bamboo fibers when compared with the 1% and 2% NaOH bamboo fibers. Using thermal analysis measurements, this study investigated that weight loss increased as alkali concentration increased, but the scenario functioned for proper concentration. The first degradation stage is responsible for the biggest weight loss since it includes the disintegration of all of the fiber’s primary components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin).
{"title":"Characterization of Thermal Properties of Highland Bamboo Fibers","authors":"D. T. Ebissa, T. Tesfaye, D. W. Ayele","doi":"10.1155/2022/8294952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8294952","url":null,"abstract":"Characterization of thermal properties of different ages highland bamboo fiber attributes extracted chemically and mechanically is the focus of this study. Samples of length 25–30 cm were harvested at various ages from the middle of the stem, which was then soaked in different NaOH weight-by-volume concentrations and soaked in water for different days. Using a rolling machine that has three rollers, the fiber is mechanically extracted. The sample was subjected to different analyses for each corresponding age (1, 2, and 3 years) and NaOH concentration (untreated, 1%, 2%, and 3%) levels using thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, derivative thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis for thermal property characterization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for morphological studies, whereas Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for the identification of functional groups of the fibers. The surface appearance of the cell wall and microfibril aggregates were changed by alkali treatment. From the SEM results, 3% NaOH-treated fiber resulted in more wrinkles on the surface of bamboo fibers when compared with the 1% and 2% NaOH bamboo fibers. Using thermal analysis measurements, this study investigated that weight loss increased as alkali concentration increased, but the scenario functioned for proper concentration. The first degradation stage is responsible for the biggest weight loss since it includes the disintegration of all of the fiber’s primary components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin).","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42076012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiying Dai, Z. Xing, Wei Yang, Chong Zhang, Fei Li, Xin Chen, Chen Li, Jianjun Zhou, Lin Li
Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) and uniaxially oriented polypropylene (UOPP) films were annealed. The effect of annealing temperature (Ta) on dielectric strength was studied. The electric breakdown strength (Eb) of BOPP and UOPP films changes in a quite different trend with the annealing process. Eb of BOPP films decreases with the increase in Ta, whereas Eb of UOPP films increases first and then decreases with Ta. The structural changes during annealing were investigated. The crystallinity rises with Ta, while the orientation degree and Eb show a similar trend with Ta. Although the crystallinity and crystal structure can affect Eb of polypropylene films, the orientation of chain segments has a much larger correlation with Eb. Our results indicate that the deterioration of the metallized BOPP film capacitor may originate from the orientation degree decrease of chain segments after experiencing high temperature.
{"title":"The Effect of Annealing on the Structure and Electric Performance of Polypropylene Films","authors":"Xiying Dai, Z. Xing, Wei Yang, Chong Zhang, Fei Li, Xin Chen, Chen Li, Jianjun Zhou, Lin Li","doi":"10.1155/2022/5970484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5970484","url":null,"abstract":"Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) and uniaxially oriented polypropylene (UOPP) films were annealed. The effect of annealing temperature (Ta) on dielectric strength was studied. The electric breakdown strength (Eb) of BOPP and UOPP films changes in a quite different trend with the annealing process. Eb of BOPP films decreases with the increase in Ta, whereas Eb of UOPP films increases first and then decreases with Ta. The structural changes during annealing were investigated. The crystallinity rises with Ta, while the orientation degree and Eb show a similar trend with Ta. Although the crystallinity and crystal structure can affect Eb of polypropylene films, the orientation of chain segments has a much larger correlation with Eb. Our results indicate that the deterioration of the metallized BOPP film capacitor may originate from the orientation degree decrease of chain segments after experiencing high temperature.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48185957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Subramanian, M. Diviya, S. Kaliappan, A. Deepak, Kuldeep A. Saxena, Nasim Hasan
This article focuses on the viscoelastic behaviour of the anamide composites using a dynamic mechanical study developed by hot compression moulding technology at higher temperatures. The frequency range for this analysis is 1 Hz. In the nitrogen atmosphere, thermogravimetry analysis differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the thermal stability of composite laminates with various fiber orientations. The findings showed that a glass transition temperature close to 100°C can be achieved at 1 Hz to increase the fiber orientation of the basalt fiber-enhanced anamide compounds. Through the thermo-gravimetric analysis experiments, the excellent thermal stability of composite laminates at temperatures above 600°C was conspicuous. Analysis using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy envisioned the surface chemical properties of anamide films at various fiber orientations, and the interaction properties between fiber and matrix were determined. Scanning electron microscopy on composite laminate surfaces proclaimed that the interface relationship between the basalt fiber and the anamide material is superior with FTIR findings being assisted. The findings demonstrate that composite laminates may be a good replacement for high-performance and high-temperature applications since they are thermally extremely robust with great rigidity.
{"title":"Impact of Fiber Buildup Stacking Sequence on Thermo-Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Fiber–Reinforced Anamide Composites","authors":"M. Subramanian, M. Diviya, S. Kaliappan, A. Deepak, Kuldeep A. Saxena, Nasim Hasan","doi":"10.1155/2022/9634929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9634929","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the viscoelastic behaviour of the anamide composites using a dynamic mechanical study developed by hot compression moulding technology at higher temperatures. The frequency range for this analysis is 1 Hz. In the nitrogen atmosphere, thermogravimetry analysis differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the thermal stability of composite laminates with various fiber orientations. The findings showed that a glass transition temperature close to 100°C can be achieved at 1 Hz to increase the fiber orientation of the basalt fiber-enhanced anamide compounds. Through the thermo-gravimetric analysis experiments, the excellent thermal stability of composite laminates at temperatures above 600°C was conspicuous. Analysis using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy envisioned the surface chemical properties of anamide films at various fiber orientations, and the interaction properties between fiber and matrix were determined. Scanning electron microscopy on composite laminate surfaces proclaimed that the interface relationship between the basalt fiber and the anamide material is superior with FTIR findings being assisted. The findings demonstrate that composite laminates may be a good replacement for high-performance and high-temperature applications since they are thermally extremely robust with great rigidity.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44521872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence mechanism of thermal oxygen aging on the dynamic characteristic of the rubber isolation pad (RIP) is usually ignored in studies. However, the ambient temperature of the RIP could reach up to 70°C in general, and even 108°C under some extreme conditions, which will lead to accelerated thermal oxygen aging and a decline in the mechanical performance for the RIP. In the meantime, the thermal oxygen aging will result in excessive vibration and even a damaged external air conditioner. Therefore, the research on the influence mechanism of rubber thermal oxygen aging on the dynamic performances of the RIP is crucial to the mechanical characteristic matching of the RIP. Considering the effect of the thermal oxygen aging on the dynamic characteristic, a novel model of thermal oxygen aging-dynamic characteristic of the RIP is established by adopting the Peck model, the hyperelastic model, the fractional derivative model, and the smooth Coulomb friction model (SCFM) in this paper. A test rig of the static and dynamic characteristics of the RIP is built, and an identification method of model parameters is developed based on the MTS831 elastomer test system as well which of the thermal oxygen aging-dynamic characteristic model is verified by the experimental data. The result is shown that the maximum growth rate of the static stiffness and the dynamic stiffness is 20.7% and 4.5%, respectively, and the maximum decrease rate of the loss factor is 10.6% as the thermal oxygen aging hardness of the RIP increases by 5HA. The amplitude-dependent, frequency-dependent, and thermal oxygen aging-dependent performances of the RIP are effectively characterized by the thermal oxygen aging-dynamic characteristic model. Moreover, a theoretical foundation is provided for the evolution law of the dynamic characteristic of the RIP after the service with the thermal oxygen aging condition in this research.
{"title":"Influence Mechanism of Rubber Thermal Oxygen Aging on Dynamic Stiffness and Loss Factor of Rubber Isolation Pad","authors":"Junjie Chen, Xian Li, Changyao Chen, Chao Yang, Xiang-yu Gao","doi":"10.1155/2022/8673245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8673245","url":null,"abstract":"The influence mechanism of thermal oxygen aging on the dynamic characteristic of the rubber isolation pad (RIP) is usually ignored in studies. However, the ambient temperature of the RIP could reach up to 70°C in general, and even 108°C under some extreme conditions, which will lead to accelerated thermal oxygen aging and a decline in the mechanical performance for the RIP. In the meantime, the thermal oxygen aging will result in excessive vibration and even a damaged external air conditioner. Therefore, the research on the influence mechanism of rubber thermal oxygen aging on the dynamic performances of the RIP is crucial to the mechanical characteristic matching of the RIP. Considering the effect of the thermal oxygen aging on the dynamic characteristic, a novel model of thermal oxygen aging-dynamic characteristic of the RIP is established by adopting the Peck model, the hyperelastic model, the fractional derivative model, and the smooth Coulomb friction model (SCFM) in this paper. A test rig of the static and dynamic characteristics of the RIP is built, and an identification method of model parameters is developed based on the MTS831 elastomer test system as well which of the thermal oxygen aging-dynamic characteristic model is verified by the experimental data. The result is shown that the maximum growth rate of the static stiffness and the dynamic stiffness is 20.7% and 4.5%, respectively, and the maximum decrease rate of the loss factor is 10.6% as the thermal oxygen aging hardness of the RIP increases by 5HA. The amplitude-dependent, frequency-dependent, and thermal oxygen aging-dependent performances of the RIP are effectively characterized by the thermal oxygen aging-dynamic characteristic model. Moreover, a theoretical foundation is provided for the evolution law of the dynamic characteristic of the RIP after the service with the thermal oxygen aging condition in this research.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46856867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to design and fabricate a novel hollow square tube (HST) for ram structure in machine tools, the hybrid HST with sandwich walls based on steel skins and unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite core is proposed. A detailed co-cured fabrication method with embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for residual strains/stresses determination in a hybrid metal–composite structure is presented. Results reveal that the hybrid HST has undergone complex residual strain history, and the strain rate is about 10 times the cooling rate. The tensile strains in the dwell stage transform into compressive strains in the cooling stage due to the mismatch of the coefficients of thermal expansion of the steel plates and the CFRP composite. A comparison of the residual strains in the cooling phase obtained by FBG sensors with those obtained by theoretical calculation is carried out. Furthermore, the dynamic characteristics of the hybrid HST and the steel HST are tested. The results showed that the damping of the hybrid HST is 586% higher than that of the steel HST, while the hybrid HST has a lower first natural frequency (4.6% reduction) and mass (15.9% weight reduction). The influence of co-cure temperature and cooling rate on the size and state of the residual strains is analyzed, which might be helpful to guide the manufacturing of sandwich structures in machine tools. This novel hybrid HST may be used for online health monitoring and safety evaluation to build intelligent machine tools structures.
{"title":"Residual Strain Monitoring and Dynamic Characteristics of Hybrid Hollow Square Tube with Metal–FRP–Metal Sandwich Walls","authors":"Zhao Li, Mingyao Liu, Jintao Wang, W. Ke","doi":"10.1155/2022/9254833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9254833","url":null,"abstract":"In order to design and fabricate a novel hollow square tube (HST) for ram structure in machine tools, the hybrid HST with sandwich walls based on steel skins and unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite core is proposed. A detailed co-cured fabrication method with embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for residual strains/stresses determination in a hybrid metal–composite structure is presented. Results reveal that the hybrid HST has undergone complex residual strain history, and the strain rate is about 10 times the cooling rate. The tensile strains in the dwell stage transform into compressive strains in the cooling stage due to the mismatch of the coefficients of thermal expansion of the steel plates and the CFRP composite. A comparison of the residual strains in the cooling phase obtained by FBG sensors with those obtained by theoretical calculation is carried out. Furthermore, the dynamic characteristics of the hybrid HST and the steel HST are tested. The results showed that the damping of the hybrid HST is 586% higher than that of the steel HST, while the hybrid HST has a lower first natural frequency (4.6% reduction) and mass (15.9% weight reduction). The influence of co-cure temperature and cooling rate on the size and state of the residual strains is analyzed, which might be helpful to guide the manufacturing of sandwich structures in machine tools. This novel hybrid HST may be used for online health monitoring and safety evaluation to build intelligent machine tools structures.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45940107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. S. Bisong, Andy Mbeng, Bayock F. Njock, V. Lepov, K. Pierre
The main objective of this research paper is to contribute to the characterization of a composite material with a polymer matrix reinforced with a palm kernel shell fiber for its application in the naval or aeronautic industry. To achieve this objective, it first opted for the fabrication of this composite by molding with different grain sizes (0.5 mm and 1.25 mm) and at different percentages of sand and PVC with the following proportions: (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%), then subjected the sample pieces to physical and mechanical testing such as (three-point bendings, resilience and compression tests). The physical characterization allows us to obtain an experimental volumetric mass for the 0.5 mm sample varying between 1.72 and 1.59 kg/m3 and for the sample 1.25 mm, varying between 1.66 and 1.61 kg/m3 that is the more the percentage of palm kernel powder increases, the lighter our material becomes. The mechanical characterization shows a Young’s modulus in bending varying between 3199.06 and 3236.16 MPa for the 0.5 mm and from 31,881.87 to 3244.03MPa for 1.25 mm that is the palm kernel powder and grain size make the material more rigid, normal stress due to compression varying between 32.05 and 56.41 MPa for 0.5 mm and from 44.8246 to 62.028 MPa for 1.25 mm. A resilience test varies between 0.61 and 2.00 J/cm2 for 0.5 mm and from 0.94 to 2.39 J/cm2 for 1.25 mm that is the more the percentage of palm kernel shell and particle size, the more the material becomes more resilient.
{"title":"Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Plastic (Polyester) Reinforce With Palm Kernel Shell","authors":"M. S. Bisong, Andy Mbeng, Bayock F. Njock, V. Lepov, K. Pierre","doi":"10.1155/2022/8084515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8084515","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this research paper is to contribute to the characterization of a composite material with a polymer matrix reinforced with a palm kernel shell fiber for its application in the naval or aeronautic industry. To achieve this objective, it first opted for the fabrication of this composite by molding with different grain sizes (0.5 mm and 1.25 mm) and at different percentages of sand and PVC with the following proportions: (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%), then subjected the sample pieces to physical and mechanical testing such as (three-point bendings, resilience and compression tests). The physical characterization allows us to obtain an experimental volumetric mass for the 0.5 mm sample varying between 1.72 and 1.59 kg/m3 and for the sample 1.25 mm, varying between 1.66 and 1.61 kg/m3 that is the more the percentage of palm kernel powder increases, the lighter our material becomes. The mechanical characterization shows a Young’s modulus in bending varying between 3199.06 and 3236.16 MPa for the 0.5 mm and from 31,881.87 to 3244.03MPa for 1.25 mm that is the palm kernel powder and grain size make the material more rigid, normal stress due to compression varying between 32.05 and 56.41 MPa for 0.5 mm and from 44.8246 to 62.028 MPa for 1.25 mm. A resilience test varies between 0.61 and 2.00 J/cm2 for 0.5 mm and from 0.94 to 2.39 J/cm2 for 1.25 mm that is the more the percentage of palm kernel shell and particle size, the more the material becomes more resilient.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46471135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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