Jean Aimé Mono, Assona Appolince Rachelle, Claude Takoumbe, Odette Thérèse Adegono Assiene, Prince Hermann Pokem Nguimjeu, Fabrice Ella Belinga
The study of Luffa cylindrica is seen as an alternative solution for the development of green materials. However, a lack of knowledge about some of their characteristics can slow down these applications. The present study focuses on the characterisation of the fibre derived from the Luffa cylindrica sponge. In this study, the fibre was extracted using a manual technique, followed by a treatment cycle with 5%, 7.5%, and 10% NaOH at a temperature of 28°C for 60 min. The results obtained show the lightness of the fibre through its low density (0.233-0.419 g·cm-3), and a hydrophilic nature of the fibre is observed through its water absorption capacity (106.86-180.53%), its relative humidity (9.86-15.33%), and its capacity to diffuse water ( m2·s-1 to
{"title":"Characterisation of Luffa cylindrica Fibre from Cameroon for Use in Composites: Effect of Alkaline Treatment","authors":"Jean Aimé Mono, Assona Appolince Rachelle, Claude Takoumbe, Odette Thérèse Adegono Assiene, Prince Hermann Pokem Nguimjeu, Fabrice Ella Belinga","doi":"10.1155/2024/8108120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8108120","url":null,"abstract":"The study of <i>Luffa cylindrica</i> is seen as an alternative solution for the development of green materials. However, a lack of knowledge about some of their characteristics can slow down these applications. The present study focuses on the characterisation of the fibre derived from the <i>Luffa cylindrica</i> sponge. In this study, the fibre was extracted using a manual technique, followed by a treatment cycle with 5%, 7.5%, and 10% NaOH at a temperature of 28°C for 60 min. The results obtained show the lightness of the fibre through its low density (0.233-0.419 g·cm<sup>-3</sup>), and a hydrophilic nature of the fibre is observed through its water absorption capacity (106.86-180.53%), its relative humidity (9.86-15.33%), and its capacity to diffuse water (<span><svg height=\"11.9413pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.3499002pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -11.5914 32.221 11.9413\" width=\"32.221pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.24,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.204,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.444,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,24.59,0)\"></path></g></svg><span></span><svg height=\"11.9413pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.3499002pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"35.076183799999995 -11.5914 27.712 11.9413\" width=\"27.712pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,35.126,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,41.366,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,47.653,-5.741)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,53.213,-5.741)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,57.645,-5.741)\"></path></g></svg></span> m<sup>2</sup>·s<sup>-1</sup> to <span><svg height=\"11.9413pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.3499002pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -11.5914 32.221 11.9413\" width=\"32.221pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.24,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-47\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.204,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.444,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-50\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,24.59,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g117-42\"></use></g></svg><span></span><svg height=\"11.9413pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.3499002pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"35.076183799999995 -11.5914 27.712 11.9413\" width=\"27.712pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,35.126,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-50\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,41.366,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,47.653,-5.741)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g54-33\"></use></g><g trans","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeremy Jeba Samuel Joseph Jebaraj, Ramadoss Rajendran
In this research work, the mechanical properties of hybrid composites reinforced with woven carbon fiber mats particulated with natural rubber powders as fillers in the epoxy resin matrix were investigated. The specimens were prepared by the hand-layup process followed by a vacuum bag moulding process. The vacuum moulding reduces the voids or cavities in the hybrid composites. The natural rubber powder was added in different weight proportions (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%), and carbon fiber is added in 20% for all the specimens. Experiments such as tension testing, flexural testing, water absorption/acid corrosion/base corrosion tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis were conducted to evaluate the epoxy carbon rubber (ECR) composites. The tensile and flexural test findings demonstrated that the addition of 10% natural rubber particles gave better results as compared with other proportions. The water/acid/base absorption test findings reveal that the ECR composites are not affected by water/acid/base. The DMA teat findings show that ECR composites having 10% natural rubber have higher damping factor, storage, and loss modulus. The SEM analysis shows that ECR hybrid composites with 10% rubber particles contained a uniform distribution of rubber particles over reinforcement, and also, there were no cracks and voids. According to this research findings, ECR hybrid composites with 10% natural rubber particles prepared during the vacuum bag moulding process can be used to prepare aerospace interior components.
{"title":"An Experimental Study of the Properties of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites Mixed with Rubber Granules","authors":"Jeremy Jeba Samuel Joseph Jebaraj, Ramadoss Rajendran","doi":"10.1155/2024/5555592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5555592","url":null,"abstract":"In this research work, the mechanical properties of hybrid composites reinforced with woven carbon fiber mats particulated with natural rubber powders as fillers in the epoxy resin matrix were investigated. The specimens were prepared by the hand-layup process followed by a vacuum bag moulding process. The vacuum moulding reduces the voids or cavities in the hybrid composites. The natural rubber powder was added in different weight proportions (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%), and carbon fiber is added in 20% for all the specimens. Experiments such as tension testing, flexural testing, water absorption/acid corrosion/base corrosion tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis were conducted to evaluate the epoxy carbon rubber (ECR) composites. The tensile and flexural test findings demonstrated that the addition of 10% natural rubber particles gave better results as compared with other proportions. The water/acid/base absorption test findings reveal that the ECR composites are not affected by water/acid/base. The DMA teat findings show that ECR composites having 10% natural rubber have higher damping factor, storage, and loss modulus. The SEM analysis shows that ECR hybrid composites with 10% rubber particles contained a uniform distribution of rubber particles over reinforcement, and also, there were no cracks and voids. According to this research findings, ECR hybrid composites with 10% natural rubber particles prepared during the vacuum bag moulding process can be used to prepare aerospace interior components.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alhanoof Aldegheishem, Reem Barakat, Nour A. L. Huda Alrefaei, Ghaida Alhussain, Kolood Alkoblan, Ebtisam M. Al-Madi
Purpose. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the fracture resistance and type of failure of two adhesive fiber post systems used to restore endodontically treated teeth. Material and Methods. Twenty-seven extracted premolars were selected and divided into three groups (): a control group restored with direct composite core (group 1), teeth restored with single fiberglass posts (group 2), and teeth were restored with multifiber posts (Biolight Plus System) (group 3). Fracture resistance was measured by applying axial compressive loads parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tooth until failure. Data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Turkey tests. Results. The results showed that the mean forces to failure of the control group (0.068 kN) were significantly lower than those restored with either fiberglass post systems (). There was no significant difference between the multifiber and the single fiberglass post system in terms of resistance to fracture (
研究目的本体外研究旨在评估两种用于修复牙髓治疗牙的粘接纤维桩系统的抗折性和失效类型。材料和方法。选取 27 颗拔出的前臼齿，将其分为三组（）：用直接复合材料核心修复的对照组（第 1 组）、用单一玻璃纤维桩修复的牙齿（第 2 组）和用多纤维桩（Biolight Plus 系统）修复的牙齿（第 3 组）。抗折性是通过施加平行于牙齿纵轴的轴向压缩荷载直至破坏来测量的。采用单因素方差分析对数据进行分析，然后进行事后火鸡试验。结果显示结果显示，对照组的平均破坏力（0.068 kN）明显低于使用玻璃纤维桩系统（）修复的牙齿。在抗折力方面，多纤维和单玻璃纤维桩系统没有明显差异（）。虽然与对照组和玻璃纤维桩组相比，Biolight Plus 组（77.7%）有更多的牙齿折断（CEJ 以上），但在统计学上并不显著（）。结论在本研究的局限性范围内，就抗折性而言，使用多纤维桩系统进行牙髓治疗修复足以替代单一玻璃纤维桩系统。
{"title":"Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored Using Multifiber Posts Compared with Single Fiber Posts","authors":"Alhanoof Aldegheishem, Reem Barakat, Nour A. L. Huda Alrefaei, Ghaida Alhussain, Kolood Alkoblan, Ebtisam M. Al-Madi","doi":"10.1155/2024/3203383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3203383","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Purpose</i>. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the fracture resistance and type of failure of two adhesive fiber post systems used to restore endodontically treated teeth. <i>Material and Methods</i>. Twenty-seven extracted premolars were selected and divided into three groups (<span><svg height=\"8.55521pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.2063904pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 17.789 8.55521\" width=\"17.789pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.158,0)\"></path></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"8.55521pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.2063904pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"21.3711838 -8.34882 6.416 8.55521\" width=\"6.416pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.421,0)\"></path></g></svg>):</span></span> a control group restored with direct composite core (group 1), teeth restored with single fiberglass posts (group 2), and teeth were restored with multifiber posts (Biolight Plus System) (group 3). Fracture resistance was measured by applying axial compressive loads parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tooth until failure. Data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Turkey tests. <i>Results</i>. The results showed that the mean forces to failure of the control group (0.068 kN) were significantly lower than those restored with either fiberglass post systems (<span><svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782\" width=\"18.973pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g117-34\"></use></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"22.555183800000002 -8.34882 28.184 11.7782\" width=\"28.184pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.809,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.049,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.289,0)\"></path></g></svg>).</span></span> There was no significant difference between the multifiber and the single fiberglass post system in terms of resistance to fracture (<span><svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782\" width=\"18.973pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-113\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g117-34\"></use></g></svg><s","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140929606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated how the extruder temperature, printing speed, and specimen geometry interact during a tensile test of continuous carbon fiber-reinforced nylon matrix composites produced by the fused deposition modelling (FDM) process. The investigation utilized statistical techniques. For this purpose, tensile examinations were done on manufactured samples using a testing apparatus. The study’s objective is to identify the most efficient specimen geometry for tensile testing result optimization and to maximize the 3D printing process’s capability for producing complex, freeform patterns in these composites. In this study, the input parameters required for the response surface methodology (RSM) were varying extruder temperature (240-255°C) and printing speed (60-80 mm/s), and experimental responses included modulus, elongation at break, and weight. The findings of the regression analysis showed output responses are influenced by both input variables. The results showed that the strength of the samples was significantly influenced by the input parameters. To draw the surface and residual plots, the software of design expert software was used. The interaction between the two input variables suggests raising the extruder temperature and decreasing printing speed, which leads to printing heavier samples. Inversely, the diversity between the forecasted and real responses for the optimal specimens is less than 10% which is assumed to be acceptable for the design of experiments (DOE). The analysis took into account the lower and upper ranges of the input variable with the goal of enhancing both the most modulus and fracture elongation while simultaneously degrading the weight of the specimens. To achieve this objective, the extruder temperature and printing speed are between 240 and 250°C and 65 and 75 mm/s, respectively.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation on the 3D Printing of Nylon Reinforced by Carbon Fiber through Fused Filament Fabrication Process, Effects of Extruder Temperature, and Printing Speed","authors":"Mahmoud Moradi, Zeinab Malekshahi Beiranvand, Nahid Salimi, Saleh Meiabadi, Jonathan Lawrance","doi":"10.1155/2024/1234797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1234797","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated how the extruder temperature, printing speed, and specimen geometry interact during a tensile test of continuous carbon fiber-reinforced nylon matrix composites produced by the fused deposition modelling (FDM) process. The investigation utilized statistical techniques. For this purpose, tensile examinations were done on manufactured samples using a testing apparatus. The study’s objective is to identify the most efficient specimen geometry for tensile testing result optimization and to maximize the 3D printing process’s capability for producing complex, freeform patterns in these composites. In this study, the input parameters required for the response surface methodology (RSM) were varying extruder temperature (240-255°C) and printing speed (60-80 mm/s), and experimental responses included modulus, elongation at break, and weight. The findings of the regression analysis showed output responses are influenced by both input variables. The results showed that the strength of the samples was significantly influenced by the input parameters. To draw the surface and residual plots, the software of design expert software was used. The interaction between the two input variables suggests raising the extruder temperature and decreasing printing speed, which leads to printing heavier samples. Inversely, the diversity between the forecasted and real responses for the optimal specimens is less than 10% which is assumed to be acceptable for the design of experiments (DOE). The analysis took into account the lower and upper ranges of the input variable with the goal of enhancing both the most modulus and fracture elongation while simultaneously degrading the weight of the specimens. To achieve this objective, the extruder temperature and printing speed are between 240 and 250°C and 65 and 75 mm/s, respectively.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140929361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, lemon, and sour cherry seed essential oil-added glycerol and/or sorbitol-plasticized corn, potato, rice, tapioca, and wheat starch-based edible films were produced using the casting method. Starch, essential oil type and glycerol and/or sorbitol effects on the thickness, moisture content, water solubility, swelling index, and water vapor transmission rate of the films have been studied. The interaction of the film components was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was seen that wheat starch-based control films give the lowest thickness value (0.010 mm). Wheat starch-based control films (15.50%), sour cherry seed essential oil-added corn starch (17.80%), and lemon essential oil-added rice starch-based composite films (17.70%) have high moisture content. The lowest solubility values were obtained from wheat starch control (22%) and sour cherry seed essential oil-added corn starch composite (16.40%) films. The highest swelling index values were obtained from wheat starch-based control (210.90-289.0%), sour cherry seed essential oil-added tapioca starch (388.80%), and lemon essential oil-added potato starch-based (433.20%) composite films. Rice starch-based control films have the lowest water vapor transmission rate (
{"title":"Comparison of the Film Properties of Lemon and Sour Cherry Seed Essential Oil-Added Glycerol and/or Sorbitol-Plasticized Corn, Potato, Rice, Tapioca, and Wheat Starch-Based Edible Films","authors":"Merve Basut Kazak, Nurcan Tugrul","doi":"10.1155/2024/9112555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9112555","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, lemon, and sour cherry seed essential oil-added glycerol and/or sorbitol-plasticized corn, potato, rice, tapioca, and wheat starch-based edible films were produced using the casting method. Starch, essential oil type and glycerol and/or sorbitol effects on the thickness, moisture content, water solubility, swelling index, and water vapor transmission rate of the films have been studied. The interaction of the film components was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was seen that wheat starch-based control films give the lowest thickness value (0.010 mm). Wheat starch-based control films (15.50%), sour cherry seed essential oil-added corn starch (17.80%), and lemon essential oil-added rice starch-based composite films (17.70%) have high moisture content. The lowest solubility values were obtained from wheat starch control (22%) and sour cherry seed essential oil-added corn starch composite (16.40%) films. The highest swelling index values were obtained from wheat starch-based control (210.90-289.0%), sour cherry seed essential oil-added tapioca starch (388.80%), and lemon essential oil-added potato starch-based (433.20%) composite films. Rice starch-based control films have the lowest water vapor transmission rate (<span><svg height=\"11.9413pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.3499002pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -11.5914 32.221 11.9413\" width=\"32.221pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.24,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.204,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-52\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.444,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,24.59,0)\"></path></g></svg><span></span><svg height=\"11.9413pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.3499002pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"35.076183799999995 -11.5914 68.719 11.9413\" width=\"68.719pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,35.126,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,41.366,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,47.653,-5.741)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,53.213,-5.741)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,61.086,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,71.623,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,77.863,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-47\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,80.827,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,87.069,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,96.214,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g117-42\"></use></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"11.9413pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.3499002pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"106.70118380000001 -11.5914 23.399 11.9413\" width=\"23.399pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g ","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140832951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Zubair Jilani, Zulfiqar Ahmad Rehan, Zuhaib Ahmad, Madeha Jabbar, Yasir Nawab, Khubab Shaker
The objective of this study is to establish a conceptual framework for fiber-reinforced polymer composite (FRPC) panels designed for structural purposes through the incorporation of a third phase (fillers). The present investigation was aimed to design and fabricate 3-phase polymer composite panels that offer enhanced thermal insulation and strength while maintaining low material and labor expenses. Two types of fibrous reinforcements (jute fabric and glass fabric) of different origins were used as reinforcement; polypropylene (PP) was used as the matrix, and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was used as particle reinforcement material. The composite materials were fabricated with different MCC concentrations (0, 2 wt%, and 4 wt%), using a hot compression molding technique. It was found that MCC helped to enhance the mechanical performance of the composite panels, while the thermal conductivity showed a slight reduction due to lower concentrations of MCC used. For polypropylene/glass (PPG) composites, thermal conductivity was reduced from 0.214 to 0.193 W/m·K by the addition of 4% MCC fillers. Similarly, for polypropylene/jute (PPJ) composites, it was reduced from 0.14 to 0.126 W/m·K by 4% MCC fillers. The Charpy impact strength of both PPG and PPJ composites was enhanced by the addition of fillers, and the effect was more significant in the case of PPG (increased from 24.83 to 43.98 kJ/m2 for 4% fillers). Cost analysis of the composite panels was also done, showing PPJ panels to be slightly cheaper as compared to PPG. The findings indicate that the developed composite panels have the potential to serve as partitioning as well as the outer shield of the building due to their effective thermal and mechanical properties.
{"title":"Thermal and Mechanical Performance of 3-Phase Polymer Composite Panels for Structural Applications","authors":"Muhammad Zubair Jilani, Zulfiqar Ahmad Rehan, Zuhaib Ahmad, Madeha Jabbar, Yasir Nawab, Khubab Shaker","doi":"10.1155/2024/8822860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8822860","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to establish a conceptual framework for fiber-reinforced polymer composite (FRPC) panels designed for structural purposes through the incorporation of a third phase (fillers). The present investigation was aimed to design and fabricate 3-phase polymer composite panels that offer enhanced thermal insulation and strength while maintaining low material and labor expenses. Two types of fibrous reinforcements (jute fabric and glass fabric) of different origins were used as reinforcement; polypropylene (PP) was used as the matrix, and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was used as particle reinforcement material. The composite materials were fabricated with different MCC concentrations (0, 2 wt%, and 4 wt%), using a hot compression molding technique. It was found that MCC helped to enhance the mechanical performance of the composite panels, while the thermal conductivity showed a slight reduction due to lower concentrations of MCC used. For polypropylene/glass (PPG) composites, thermal conductivity was reduced from 0.214 to 0.193 W/m·K by the addition of 4% MCC fillers. Similarly, for polypropylene/jute (PPJ) composites, it was reduced from 0.14 to 0.126 W/m·K by 4% MCC fillers. The Charpy impact strength of both PPG and PPJ composites was enhanced by the addition of fillers, and the effect was more significant in the case of PPG (increased from 24.83 to 43.98 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> for 4% fillers). Cost analysis of the composite panels was also done, showing PPJ panels to be slightly cheaper as compared to PPG. The findings indicate that the developed composite panels have the potential to serve as partitioning as well as the outer shield of the building due to their effective thermal and mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140563415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afifeh Khorramshokouh, Hesam Ramezani, Mehdi Sahami, Mehdi Sharif, Behzad Vaferi
In this paper, reduced graphene oxide decorated with silver nanoparticle (rGO-Ag) nanohybrids were prepared using an environmentally friendly approach and incorporated as reinforcement in poly(vinylidene fluoride)-poly(methyl methacrylate) blends via a melt mixing process. The microstructure of rGO-Ag nanohybrids and its effect on the microstructure, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of the PVDF/PMM/rGO-Ag was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), tensile, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and impedance spectroscopy methods. FTIR and TEM analysis confirmed that rGO-Ag successfully synthesized and Ag nanoparticles are located on the rGO surface. The tensile analysis demonstrated that incorporating 1 wt.% of rGO-Ag in PVDF/PMMA blend increases Young’s modulus and strength of nanocomposite up to 31% and 35%, respectively. The Halpin-Tsai model was also used for PVDF/PMMA/rGO-Ag nanocomposites, and the results confirmed that this model works well to predict the tensile modulus. Impedance spectroscopy analysis showed that the presence of rGO-Ag nanohybrids in PVDF/PMMA blend effectively enhanced the conductivity of PVDF/PMMA blend. TGA results demonstrated that the presence of rGO-Ag nanohybrids enhanced the thermal stability of nanocomposites and increased the degradation temperature of PVDF/PMMA/rGO-Ag nanocomposites in the range of 20°C compared to PVDF/PMMA blend.
{"title":"Silver Nanoparticles Decorated in In Situ Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrids Improved Properties in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends","authors":"Afifeh Khorramshokouh, Hesam Ramezani, Mehdi Sahami, Mehdi Sharif, Behzad Vaferi","doi":"10.1155/2024/1156880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1156880","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, reduced graphene oxide decorated with silver nanoparticle (rGO-Ag) nanohybrids were prepared using an environmentally friendly approach and incorporated as reinforcement in poly(vinylidene fluoride)-poly(methyl methacrylate) blends via a melt mixing process. The microstructure of rGO-Ag nanohybrids and its effect on the microstructure, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of the PVDF/PMM/rGO-Ag was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), tensile, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and impedance spectroscopy methods. FTIR and TEM analysis confirmed that rGO-Ag successfully synthesized and Ag nanoparticles are located on the rGO surface. The tensile analysis demonstrated that incorporating 1 wt.% of rGO-Ag in PVDF/PMMA blend increases Young’s modulus and strength of nanocomposite up to 31% and 35%, respectively. The Halpin-Tsai model was also used for PVDF/PMMA/rGO-Ag nanocomposites, and the results confirmed that this model works well to predict the tensile modulus. Impedance spectroscopy analysis showed that the presence of rGO-Ag nanohybrids in PVDF/PMMA blend effectively enhanced the conductivity of PVDF/PMMA blend. TGA results demonstrated that the presence of rGO-Ag nanohybrids enhanced the thermal stability of nanocomposites and increased the degradation temperature of PVDF/PMMA/rGO-Ag nanocomposites in the range of 20°C compared to PVDF/PMMA blend.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to determine and quantify the monomer elution from four different resin-based composite dentin replacement materials for 3 months using HPLC. Four different composite dentin replacement materials were used in the present study: EverX (EVX), X-tra base (XTB), SDR (SDR), and GrandioSO Heavy Flow (GHF). Fifteen samples from each material were prepared ( mm). After preparation, each specimen was immersed in a 10 ml 75% ethanol/distilled water solution for three different periods: 1 h, 24 h, and 3 months (). After the immersion period, 0.5 ml of solutions were taken from each bottle and analyzed using HPLC. At the end of the 3-month immersion period, the elution of monomers was determined mostly from SDR, GHF, EVX, and XTB, respectively. TEGDMA, the most released monomer of all groups, was released from all samples after 1 h, 24 h, and 3 months. The amount of monomer released in all composite groups at the end of the 3-month immersion period was significantly higher than the monomer amounts released after the 1-hour immersion period. The monomers were eluted from the composite dentin replacement materials during all immersion periods, and the amount of eluted monomers was increased with time.
{"title":"Evaluation of Monomer Releasing from Dentin Replacement Materials","authors":"Nurgül Çetin Tuncer, Sevde Gül Batmaz, Sergen Özdemir, Çağatay Barutçugil, Ayşe Dündar, Kardelen Yıldırım","doi":"10.1155/2024/9350118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9350118","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to determine and quantify the monomer elution from four different resin-based composite dentin replacement materials for 3 months using HPLC. Four different composite dentin replacement materials were used in the present study: EverX (EVX), X-tra base (XTB), SDR (SDR), and GrandioSO Heavy Flow (GHF). Fifteen samples from each material were prepared (<span><svg height=\"8.69875pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.3499298pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 16.777 8.69875\" width=\"16.777pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.146,0)\"></path></g></svg><span></span><svg height=\"8.69875pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.3499298pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"19.6321838 -8.34882 16.777 8.69875\" width=\"16.777pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,19.682,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-54\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.828,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g117-42\"></use></g></svg><span></span><svg height=\"8.69875pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.3499298pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"39.314183799999995 -8.34882 6.467 8.69875\" width=\"6.467pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,39.364,0)\"></path></g></svg></span> mm). After preparation, each specimen was immersed in a 10 ml 75% ethanol/distilled water solution for three different periods: 1 h, 24 h, and 3 months (<span><svg height=\"8.32035pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.2063999pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.11395 17.789 8.32035\" width=\"17.789pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.158,0)\"></path></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"8.32035pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.2063999pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"21.3711838 -8.11395 6.416 8.32035\" width=\"6.416pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.421,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-54\"></use></g></svg>).</span></span> After the immersion period, 0.5 ml of solutions were taken from each bottle and analyzed using HPLC. At the end of the 3-month immersion period, the elution of monomers was determined mostly from SDR, GHF, EVX, and XTB, respectively. TEGDMA, the most released monomer of all groups, was released from all samples after 1 h, 24 h, and 3 months. The amount of monomer released in all composite groups at the end of the 3-month immersion period was significantly higher than the monomer amounts released after the 1-hour immersion period. The monomers were eluted from the composite dentin replacement materials during all immersion periods, and the amount of eluted monomers was increased with time.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140105538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tayyaba Rana, Muhammad Zaman, Mahtab Ahmed Khan, Abdul Qayyum Khan, Muhammad Jamshaid, Nehal Ahmed Talaat Nouh, Fatma M. El-Demerdash, Mohamed Kamel, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Ghadeer M. Albadrani, Sumiyya Javaid, Zainab Naeem
Clindamycin phosphate is a topical antibiotic agent used to treat acne vulgaris, while Aloe vera has both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The current study is aimed at formulating an antiacne gel with antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. The antiacne gels were prepared by using polymer HPMC K15M by cold dispersion method. Unveiling the intricacies of gel design, our research harnessed the power of Design Expert 11 to optimize critical parameters—viscosity, spreadability, and permeability. In vitro characterization tests, including pH, spreadability, viscosity, permeability, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, and stability of the gels, were performed. The results of in vitro characterization tests showed that the gels had a mint-like odor, a pH of 6.8, and a spreadability of 21.5 g cm/sec. The gels had a viscosity of 34.2 Pa s and drug content ranging within 90%-110%, as per USP standards. Notably, in vitro permeation assays reveal an exceptional 86% drug release, showcasing the efficacy of our formulation. The uniqueness of our study lies not only in the robust optimization process but also in the multifaceted characterization. Our gel emerges as a promising candidate, exhibiting not only desired antimicrobial and antioxidant properties against acne vulgaris but also demonstrating stability under varied conditions. As we advance toward in vivo studies, our research paves the way for a nuanced understanding of the safety and efficacy of this distinctive antiacne gel.
{"title":"Antiacne Gel Containing Aloe vera and Clindamycin Phosphate: Design, Characterization, and Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Tayyaba Rana, Muhammad Zaman, Mahtab Ahmed Khan, Abdul Qayyum Khan, Muhammad Jamshaid, Nehal Ahmed Talaat Nouh, Fatma M. El-Demerdash, Mohamed Kamel, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Ghadeer M. Albadrani, Sumiyya Javaid, Zainab Naeem","doi":"10.1155/2024/3353141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3353141","url":null,"abstract":"Clindamycin phosphate is a topical antibiotic agent used to treat acne vulgaris, while <i>Aloe vera</i> has both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The current study is aimed at formulating an antiacne gel with antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. The antiacne gels were prepared by using polymer HPMC K15M by cold dispersion method. Unveiling the intricacies of gel design, our research harnessed the power of Design Expert 11 to optimize critical parameters—viscosity, spreadability, and permeability. <i>In vitro</i> characterization tests, including pH, spreadability, viscosity, permeability, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, and stability of the gels, were performed. The results of <i>in vitro</i> characterization tests showed that the gels had a mint-like odor, a pH of 6.8, and a spreadability of 21.5 g cm/sec. The gels had a viscosity of 34.2 Pa s and drug content ranging within 90%-110%, as per USP standards. Notably, in vitro permeation assays reveal an exceptional 86% drug release, showcasing the efficacy of our formulation. The uniqueness of our study lies not only in the robust optimization process but also in the multifaceted characterization. Our gel emerges as a promising candidate, exhibiting not only desired antimicrobial and antioxidant properties against acne vulgaris but also demonstrating stability under varied conditions. As we advance toward <i>in vivo</i> studies, our research paves the way for a nuanced understanding of the safety and efficacy of this distinctive antiacne gel.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140056126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thuruthil Raju Aswathy, Seshadri Mohan, Thangavel Kalaivendhan, A. Mohammed Adhil
Next to tyres, power transmission belts are one of the most complicated rubber products which is having a constant increase for demand in the market. Due to this high demand along with the requirement to meet certain special operating conditions, it is necessary to improve the belt properties continuously. In the last few decades, nanotechnology evolved as a suitable method for enhancing the properties of various rubber products without impacting the environment. Nanofillers which are having unique morphology along with excellent properties help to reduce the dependency in petroleum products and in turn make the products more sustainable. Even though, studies related to the usage of nanotechnology in the power transmission belt division are very limited. So, in this study, the effect of nanosilica on the dynamic mechanical properties of the natural rubber- (NR-) styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) blends is thoroughly studied with special reference to power transmission belt applications. The developed composites were analysed to ensure the rheological, mechanical, and morphological properties in comparison with the controlled samples. The nanosilica-based belt properties were analysed in reference with regular carbon black-filled belts, and a 15% improvement in belt life was obtained for newly developed belts.
{"title":"Determination of Dynamic Mechanical Properties on Addition of Carbon Black-Nanosilica Hybrid Fillers in NR-SBR Blends with Special Reference to Power Transmission Belt Applications","authors":"Thuruthil Raju Aswathy, Seshadri Mohan, Thangavel Kalaivendhan, A. Mohammed Adhil","doi":"10.1155/2024/3101938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3101938","url":null,"abstract":"Next to tyres, power transmission belts are one of the most complicated rubber products which is having a constant increase for demand in the market. Due to this high demand along with the requirement to meet certain special operating conditions, it is necessary to improve the belt properties continuously. In the last few decades, nanotechnology evolved as a suitable method for enhancing the properties of various rubber products without impacting the environment. Nanofillers which are having unique morphology along with excellent properties help to reduce the dependency in petroleum products and in turn make the products more sustainable. Even though, studies related to the usage of nanotechnology in the power transmission belt division are very limited. So, in this study, the effect of nanosilica on the dynamic mechanical properties of the natural rubber- (NR-) styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) blends is thoroughly studied with special reference to power transmission belt applications. The developed composites were analysed to ensure the rheological, mechanical, and morphological properties in comparison with the controlled samples. The nanosilica-based belt properties were analysed in reference with regular carbon black-filled belts, and a 15% improvement in belt life was obtained for newly developed belts.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139953240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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